Skip to content

Latest commit

 

History

History
267 lines (233 loc) · 13.3 KB

SUMMARY.md

File metadata and controls

267 lines (233 loc) · 13.3 KB
title layout
Astronomy
page
  1. {: .preface} Preface

  2. {: .chapter} Science and the Universe: A Brief Tour

    1. The Nature of Astronomy
    2. The Nature of Science
    3. The Laws of Nature
    4. Numbers in Astronomy
    5. Consequences of Light Travel Time
    6. A Tour of the Universe
    7. The Universe on the Large Scale
    8. The Universe of the Very Small
    9. A Conclusion and a Beginning
  3. {: .chapter} Observing the Sky: The Birth of Astronomy

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Sky Above
    3. Ancient Astronomy
    4. Astrology and Astronomy
    5. The Birth of Modern Astronomy
  4. {: .chapter} Orbits and Gravity

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Laws of Planetary Motion
    3. Newton’s Great Synthesis
    4. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
    5. Orbits in the Solar System
    6. Motions of Satellites and Spacecraft
    7. Gravity with More Than Two Bodies
  5. {: .chapter} Earth, Moon, and Sky

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Earth and Sky
    3. The Seasons
    4. Keeping Time
    5. The Calendar
    6. Phases and Motions of the Moon
    7. Ocean Tides and the Moon
    8. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon
  6. {: .chapter} Radiation and Spectra

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Behavior of Light
    3. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
    4. Spectroscopy in Astronomy
    5. The Structure of the Atom
    6. Formation of Spectral Lines
    7. The Doppler Effect
  7. {: .chapter} Astronomical Instruments

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Telescopes
    3. Telescopes Today
    4. Visible-Light Detectors and Instruments
    5. Radio Telescopes
    6. Observations outside Earth’s Atmosphere
    7. The Future of Large Telescopes
  8. {: .chapter} Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Overview of Our Planetary System
    3. Composition and Structure of Planets
    4. Dating Planetary Surfaces
    5. Origin of the Solar System
  9. {: .chapter} Earth as a Planet

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Global Perspective
    3. Earth’s Crust
    4. Earth’s Atmosphere
    5. Life, Chemical Evolution, and Climate Change
    6. Cosmic Influences on the Evolution of Earth
  10. {: .chapter} Cratered Worlds

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. General Properties of the Moon
    3. The Lunar Surface
    4. Impact Craters
    5. The Origin of the Moon
    6. Mercury
  11. {: .chapter} Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Nearest Planets: An Overview
    3. The Geology of Venus
    4. The Massive Atmosphere of Venus
    5. The Geology of Mars
    6. Water and Life on Mars
    7. Divergent Planetary Evolution
  12. {: .chapter} The Giant Planets

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Exploring the Outer Planets
    3. The Giant Planets
    4. Atmospheres of the Giant Planets
  13. {: .chapter} Rings, Moons, and Pluto

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Ring and Moon Systems Introduced
    3. The Galilean Moons of Jupiter
    4. Titan and Triton
    5. Pluto and Charon
    6. Planetary Rings
  14. {: .chapter} Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Asteroids
    3. Asteroids and Planetary Defense
    4. The “Long-Haired” Comets
    5. The Origin and Fate of Comets and Related Objects
  15. {: .chapter} Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Meteors
    3. Meteorites: Stones from Heaven
    4. Formation of the Solar System
    5. Comparison with Other Planetary Systems
    6. Planetary Evolution
  16. {: .chapter} The Sun: A Garden-Variety Star

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Structure and Composition of the Sun
    3. The Solar Cycle
    4. Solar Activity above the Photosphere
    5. Space Weather
  17. {: .chapter} The Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Sources of Sunshine: Thermal and Gravitational Energy
    3. Mass, Energy, and the Theory of Relativity
    4. The Solar Interior: Theory
    5. The Solar Interior: Observations
  18. {: .chapter} Analyzing Starlight

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Brightness of Stars
    3. Colors of Stars
    4. The Spectra of Stars (and Brown Dwarfs)
    5. Using Spectra to Measure Stellar Radius, Composition, and Motion
  19. {: .chapter} The Stars: A Celestial Census

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. A Stellar Census
    3. Measuring Stellar Masses
    4. Diameters of Stars
    5. The H–R Diagram
  20. {: .chapter} Celestial Distances

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Fundamental Units of Distance
    3. Surveying the Stars
    4. Variable Stars: One Key to Cosmic Distances
    5. The H–R Diagram and Cosmic Distances
  21. {: .chapter} Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Interstellar Medium
    3. Interstellar Gas
    4. Cosmic Dust
    5. Cosmic Rays
    6. The Life Cycle of Cosmic Material
    7. Interstellar Matter around the Sun
  22. {: .chapter} The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Star Formation
    3. The H–R Diagram and the Study of Stellar Evolution
    4. Evidence That Planets Form around Other Stars
    5. Planets beyond the Solar System: Search and Discovery
    6. Exoplanets Everywhere: What We Are Learning
    7. New Perspectives on Planet Formation
  23. {: .chapter} Stars from Adolescence to Old Age

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Evolution from the Main Sequence to Red Giants
    3. Star Clusters
    4. Checking Out the Theory
    5. Further Evolution of Stars
    6. The Evolution of More Massive Stars
  24. {: .chapter} The Death of Stars

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Death of Low-Mass Stars
    3. Evolution of Massive Stars: An Explosive Finish
    4. Supernova Observations
    5. Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars
    6. The Evolution of Binary Star Systems
    7. The Mystery of the Gamma-Ray Bursts
  25. {: .chapter} Black Holes and Curved Spacetime

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Introducing General Relativity
    3. Spacetime and Gravity
    4. Tests of General Relativity
    5. Time in General Relativity
    6. Black Holes
    7. Evidence for Black Holes
    8. Gravitational Wave Astronomy
  26. {: .chapter} The Milky Way Galaxy

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Architecture of the Galaxy
    3. Spiral Structure
    4. The Mass of the Galaxy
    5. The Center of the Galaxy
    6. Stellar Populations in the Galaxy
    7. The Formation of the Galaxy
  27. {: .chapter} Galaxies

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Discovery of Galaxies
    3. Types of Galaxies
    4. Properties of Galaxies
    5. The Extragalactic Distance Scale
    6. The Expanding Universe
  28. {: .chapter} Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Quasars
    3. Supermassive Black Holes: What Quasars Really Are
    4. Quasars as Probes of Evolution in the Universe
  29. {: .chapter} The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. Observations of Distant Galaxies
    3. Galaxy Mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei
    4. The Distribution of Galaxies in Space
    5. The Challenge of Dark Matter
    6. The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and Structure in the Universe
  30. {: .chapter} The Big Bang

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Age of the Universe
    3. A Model of the Universe
    4. The Beginning of the Universe
    5. The Cosmic Microwave Background
    6. What Is the Universe Really Made Of?
    7. The Inflationary Universe
    8. The Anthropic Principle
  31. {: .chapter} Life in the Universe

    1. Thinking Ahead
    2. The Cosmic Context for Life
    3. Astrobiology
    4. Searching for Life beyond Earth
    5. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
  32. {: .appendix} How to Study for an Introductory Astronomy Class

  33. {: .appendix} Astronomy Websites, Images, and Apps

  34. {: .appendix} Scientific Notation

  35. {: .appendix} Units Used in Science

  36. {: .appendix} Some Useful Constants for Astronomy

  37. {: .appendix} Physical and Orbital Data for the Planets

  38. {: .appendix} Selected Moons of the Planets

  39. {: .appendix} Future Total Eclipses

  40. {: .appendix} The Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs

  41. {: .appendix} The Brightest Twenty Stars

  42. {: .appendix} The Chemical Elements

  43. {: .appendix} The Constellations

  44. {: .appendix} Star Chart and Sky Event Resources