*: fix panic when add index on prefixed pk tables

[tangenta]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #39723

Problem Summary:

I made the wrong assumption on the arguments of TryGetHandleRestoredDataWrapper.

Actually, the row []types.Datum must have the length of all columns in a table.

What is changed and how it works?

• Refactor TryGetHandleRestoredDataWrapper and correct the usage.
• Add a recover function to prevent TiDB exiting directly on error.
• Add two integration tests.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

This pull request has been approved by:

• Benjamin2037
• wjhuang2016

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[Benjamin2037]

LGTM

[hawkingrei]

/merge

[ti-chi-bot]

This pull request has been accepted and is ready to merge.

Commit hash: 5a21226

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created: #39744.

[sre-bot]

TiDB MergeCI notify

✅ Well Done! New fixed [1] after this pr merged.

CI Name	Result	Duration	Compare with Parent commit
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/mybatis-test	🔴 failed 1, success 0, total 1	4 min 3 sec	Existing failure
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/common-test	✅ all 11 tests passed	10 min	Fixed
idc-jenkins-ci/integration-cdc-test	🟢 all 40 tests passed	20 min	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-common-test	🟢 all 17 tests passed	19 min	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/tics-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	6 min 31 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/sqllogic-test-1	🟢 all 26 tests passed	5 min 44 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/sqllogic-test-2	🟢 all 28 tests passed	5 min 32 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-ddl-test	🟢 all 6 tests passed	4 min 37 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-compatibility-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	2 min 42 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/plugin-test	🟢 build success, plugin test success	4min	Existing passed