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essential.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-Hans">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
<meta name="keywords" content="learn japanese,learn japanese for free,learn japanese online,how to learn japanese,learn hiragana,learn katakana,learn Kanji" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#7FDBFF">
<title>日语语法指南 | Learn Japanese</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="assets/jg_custom.css" />
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery@1.11.1/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="assets/script.js?O"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="content-area" class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-8 offset-lg-2 col-md-8 offset-md-2 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-dark" id="nav-top" role="navigation">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-header float-left">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggler border border-secondary rounded bg-secondary" data-toggle="collapse"
data-target="#header-navbar-collapse">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button></div>
<ol class="breadcrumb">
<li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="index.html">日语语法指南</a></li>
</ol>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse pull-right" id="header-navbar-collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a class="pull-right" href="http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/">English Site</a></li>
<li><a class="pull-right" href="http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/essential">本页原文</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<h1 id="page-title">语法精要</h1>
<p>作者:Tae Kim</p>
<p>我们已经学完了日语基础。有了基本的知识以后,我们要开始学习不同场合所应使用的特定语法。这一章将覆盖基本实用日语的主要内容。因为你已经有了基础知识,直译将会逐渐减少,以强调新的语法知识。例如在没有指定主语的句子里,我可能会简单的在翻译中加入「他」,即使从上下文看主语应该是「我们」或者「他们」。</p>
<p>本章的开始,我们将学习如何把已经教过的说法转换为更谦逊礼貌的形式。在任何语言里都有类似的语言组织来表达尊敬和礼貌,即使英语也会有类似 "May I..." 和 "Can I..." 的区别。你也许会用一种口吻和你的导师说话,而用另一种跟你朋友说话。但是日语的区别在于,它不仅仅要变换单词,<i>每个句子</i>的语法结构都要跟着变化,口语和礼貌用语之间有着清晰明显的界线。一方面,在不同的社交场合都有特定而清晰的规则告诉你如何改变句子;另一方面,你所说的每句话都必须活用成合适的礼貌用语。在第三章我们会介绍日语的尊敬语和谦逊语,在和比你社会地位高的人或是不熟悉的人说话时必须用这种语法。</p>
<p>接下去我们会介绍日语里面最有用的一些语法类型,例如て形、可能形、条件语和意向形之类的活用。再后面的内容就没有特定的顺序了,当然其实也没必要有。我把这一章称为「精要」,这意味着你怎么着都必须学会,而且必须学好。</p>
<div id="book-navigation-97" class="book-navigation">
<ul class="menu"><li class="leaf first"><a href="polite.html">敬语和动词词根</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="people.html">称呼别人</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="question.html">提问词</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="compound.html">复合句</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="teform.html">て形的其他用法</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="potential.html">可能形</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="surunaru.html">合用する、なる和助词に</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="conditionals.html">条件语(「如果」)</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="must.html">表达「必须」或「不得不」</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="desire.html">希望和建议</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="actionclause.html">将关系从句作为宾语</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="define.html">定义和描述</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="try.html">试和尝试</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="favors.html">授受动词</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="requests.html">做出请求</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="numbers.html">数字和计数</a></li>
<li class="leaf"><a href="slang.html">口语习惯及俚语</a></li>
<li class="leaf last"><a href="sentence_ending.html">复习以及更多的句尾助词</a></li>
</ul>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default footer" role="navigation">
<div class="pull-left"><a href="adverbs.html">副词和用于结束句子的助词</a></div>
<div class="pull-right"><a href="polite.html">敬语和动词词根</a></div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>