Contents

• Introduction
• Installation
• [recommended] extra
• Git hooks
• Configuration overrides
• Jenkins Installation
• Filesystem output
• Links
• Supported options
  • i18ndude and zptlint support
• Known Issues

Introduction

plone.recipe.codeanalysis provides static code analysis for Buildout-based Python projects, including flake8 and other code checks.

This buildout recipe creates a script to run the code analysis:

bin/code-analysis

By default plone.recipe.codeanalysis also creates a git pre-commit hook, in order to run the code analysis automatically before each commit.

plone.recipe.codeanalysis comes with a Jenkins integration, that allows to use the same code analysis settings on your local machine as well as on Jenkins.

It also allows to run code analysis to any arbitrary folder:

bin/code-analysis src/Products.CMFPlone

Installation

Just add a code-analysis section to your buildout.cfg:

[buildout]
parts += code-analysis

[code-analysis]
recipe = plone.recipe.codeanalysis
directory = ${buildout:directory}/src

The directory option is not required. Though, if you don't specify a directory the code analysis will check every file in your buildout directory.

This configuration is helpful for working on already existing packages. If you create a new package you might want to enable all checks. This configuration looks like this:

[code-analysis]
recipe = plone.recipe.codeanalysis[recommended]
multiprocessing = True
jenkins = False
directory =
    ${buildout:directory}/src
return-status-codes = True
pre-commit-hook = True
# ZPT
zptlint = True
zptlint-bin = ${buildout:bin-directory}/zptlint
# Chameleon uses XML (there is no chameleon-lint-bin, it uses lxml)
chameleon-lint = False
# XML (there is no xmllint-bin, it uses lxml)
xmllint = True
# Conventions
clean-lines = True
# dependency-checker
dependencychecker = True
dependencychecker-bin = ${buildout:directory}/bin/dependencychecker
# i18n
find-untranslated = True
i18ndude-bin = ${buildout:bin-directory}/i18ndude
flake8-exclude = bootstrap.py,bootstrap-buildout.py,docs,*.egg,*.cpy,*.vpy,overrides

[recommended] extra

This extra enables a host of flake8 plugins. They are mostly coding Plone's styleguide (specially the Python section).

These are the current extras installed:

• flake8-blind-except: warns about catching any exception, i.e except:
• flake8-coding: warns about python files with missing coding header
• flake8-debugger: warns about debug statements found in code (like pdb...)
• flake8-deprecated: warns about deprecated method calls
• flake8-isort: warns about imports not sorted properly (note that an extra configuration is needed)
• flake8-pep3101: warns about old-style formatting, i.e 'format a %s' % string
• flake8-plone-api: warns about code that could be replaced by plone.api calls (note that this is forbidden for Plone core packages)
• flake8-plone-hasattr: warns about using hasattr as it shallows exceptions
• flake8-print: warns about print being used
• flake8-quotes: warns about using double quotes (plone style guide says single quotes)
• flake8-string-format: warns about errors on string formatting
• flake8-todo: warns if there are TODO, XXX found on the code
• flake8-commas: warns if the last element on a method call, list or dictionary does not end with a comma

Git hooks

• pre-commit-hook
• pre-commit-return-status-codes
• pre-push-hook
• pre-push-return-status-codes

You can choose to activate git pre-commit-hook and/or pre-push-hook hooks. You can make these hooks blocking (aborting) by setting return-status-codes to 'True'. You can tune the return code behavior differently from the default for each hook, using pre-commit-return-status-codes and pre-push-return-status-codes.

What works best for you is a matter of taste, and code base.

If you want to ensure that your working area is always clean on each commit, and you'd like to abort the commit if anything untowards is found, you can configure:

[code-analysis]
return-status-codes = True
pre-commit-hook = True

If you're working in a large code base, which takes a long time to parse, and your workflow is to use many small commits, you may be annoyed by the pre-commit delay. Or maybe you like to check in parts of your work, while having other files hanging around in your working tree which aren't cleaned up yet.

In that case you may want to disable pre-commit checks, and have a blocking pre-push check instead:

[code-analysis]
return-status-codes = True
pre-commit-hook = False
pre-push-hook = True

Or maybe you want code-analysis by default to run unblocking, to please Jenkins, but still want to have blocking checks on both pre-commit and pre-push? Can do:

[code-analysis]
return-status-codes = False
pre-commit-hook = True
pre-commit-return-status-codes = True
pre-push-hook = True
pre-push-return-status-codes = True

Yeah I know, it's a contrived example, but it illustrates the relevant options.

Configuration overrides

The options documented above configure code-analysis at the project level. Sometimes developers may want to deviate from the project-level settings locally, for example to make the git pre-commit hook block on violations, even when the project-wide setting is to not abort the commit on violations.

If for example the project buildout.cfg reads:

[code-analysis]
overrides = code-analysis-overrides-acmecorp
return-status-codes = False
pre-commit-hook = True

But as a developer I'd rather have a blocking pre-push instead of a nonblocking pre-commit, I can configure overrides in my .buildout/default.cfg configuration as follows:

[code-analysis-overrides-acmecorp]
return-status-codes = True
pre-commit-hook = False
pre-push-hook = True

This is especially handy to let users choose themselves whether they want a pre-commit-hook or a pre-push-hook, and whether they want to block on violations (so they don't have to amend commits) or whether they want non-blocking checks (so they can have invalid files in their working tree outside the commited c.q. pushed set of files). YMMV.

Note that if a project does not configure overrides at the project level, you can as a dev still configure that in .buildout/default.cfg:

[code-analysis]
overrides = code-analysis-overrides

[code-analysis-overrides]
return-status-codes = True

The recommended policy is to define an overrides name per project, so devs can tune their overrides per project. Repo-specific override names only make sense if the repo is really different (say much bigger) than typical. Per-project override names would show up in a devs .buildout/default.cfg for example as follows:

[code-analysis-overrides-plone]
return-status-codes = True
pre-commit-hook = True
pre-push-hook = True

[code-analysis-overrides-grok]
<= code-analysis-overrides-plone

[code-analysis-overrides-acmecorp]
return-status-codes = True
pre-commit-hook = False
pre-push-hook = True

For projects that really really want to NOT offer this option to their developers, there's the simple solution of blocking overrides in the project buildout.cfg:

[code-analysis]
overrides = False

It's recommended to actually talk to your fellow devs about which overrides are not acceptable, instead of taking this nuclear option. If a developer disagrees with the set of flake8 extensions you're validating with, that's really a social issue, not something that can be solved in code.

A more suble way of controlling what local reconfigurations a dev is allowed to perform is to configure the overrides-allowed whitelist at the project level:

[code-analysis]
overrides-allowed = multiprocessing
                    return-status-codes
                    pre-commit-hook
                    pre-commit-return-status-codes
                    pre-push-hook
                    pre-push-return-status-codes

As a result, only the override options listed here will be taken from the developer's local configuration, all other options will be taken from the project buildout.cfg. Listing an empty overrides-allowed option allows all options to be overridden.

But of course, all of this runs on the developer's machine...

Jenkins Installation

plone.recipe.codeanalysis provides a Jenkins setting that allows to run it on a Jenkins CI server and to process and integrate the output via the Jenkins Violations plugin.

Usually you don't want the recipe to create Jenkins output files on your local machine. Therefore it makes sense to enable the Jenkins output only on the CI machine. To do so, just create a jenkins.cfg that extends and overrides the default buildout file (that includes the other settings):

[buildout]
parts += code-analysis

[code-analysis]
recipe = plone.recipe.codeanalysis
jenkins = True

The Jenkins job itself should run bin/code-analysis:

python bootstrap.py -c jenkins.cfg
bin/buildout -c jenkins.cfg
bin/jenkins-test --all
bin/code-analysis

The Jenkins Violations plugin needs to be configured to read the output files generated by this configuration.

pep8 (to read the flake8 output):

**/parts/code-analysis/flake8.log

Filesystem output

If jenkins is set to False, you can still store the output on the filesystem by setting flake8-filesystem = True. This is ignored if jenkins is set to True.

output:

**/parts/code-analysis/flake8.txt

Links

Code repository:

https://github.com/plone/plone.recipe.codeanalysis

Continuous Integration:

https://travis-ci.org/plone/plone.recipe.codeanalysis

Issue Tracker:

https://github.com/plone/plone.recipe.codeanalysis/issues

Supported options

If you need to bypass checks for some reasons on a specific line you may use # noqa in Python or // noqa in Javascript files. This works for most of our checks.

The recipe supports the following options:

directory

Directory that is subject to the code analysis.

return-status-codes

If set to True, the bin/code-analysis script returns an error code that Continuous Integration servers (like Travis CI) can use to fail or pass a job, based on the code analysis output. Note that Jenkins usually does not need this option (this is better handled by the Jenkins Violations plugin). Note that this option does not have any effect on the other code analysis scripts. Default is False.

Note that this option can be overridden command-line by using the --return-status-codes or --no-return-status-codes command-line options.

Note also that the pre-commit and post-commit hooks can be tuned to have a different status code behavior, if wanted, see below.

pre-commit-hook

If set to True, a git pre-commit hook is installed that runs the code analysis before each commit. Default is True.

pre-commit-hook-return-status-codes

If set to True, if a pre-commit hook is run it will abort the commit if violations are found. Default value is the value configured for return-status-codes.

pre-push-hook

If set to True, a git pre-push hook is installed that runs the code analysis before it gets pushed to a remote. Default is False.

pre-push-hook-return-status-codes

If set to True, if a pre-push hook is run it will abort the push if violations are found. Default value is the value configured for return-status-codes.

Note that in general it will be advisable to set this option to True so you will avoid pushing broken work. YMMV.

multiprocessing

If set to True, code-analysis will fork multiple processes and run all linters in parallel. This will dramatically increase speed on a multi-core system, specially when using code-analysis as pre-commit hook. Default is False.

jenkins

If set to True, the code analysis steps will write output files that can be processed by the Jenkins Violations plugin. Default is False.

flake8-filesystem

If set to True, the flake8 code analysis step will write an output file. Ignored if jenkins is True. Default is False.

flake8

If set to True, run Flake8 code analysis. Default is True.

flake8-extensions

Flake8 now takes advantage of flake8 extension system. Default is none. If flake8 is set to False, this option will be ignored. Example to supercharge with some extensions:

[code-analysis]
recipe = plone.recipe.codeanalysis
flake8 = True
flake8-extensions =
    flake8-blind-except
    flake8-coding
    flake8-debugger
    flake8-quotes
    pep8-naming

flake8 Settings

Flake8 uses the following files to look for settings:

• setup.cfg (recommended for Plone)
• tox.ini
• .flake8

[flake8]
exclude = bootstrap.py,boostrap-buildout.py,docs,*.egg
max-complexity = 10
max-line-length = 79

Look at Flake8 documentation

and it's plugins to see which options are available.

check-manifest

If set to True, check-manifest will be run to check you MANIFEST.in file. Default is False.

check-manifest-directory

Default is . which means check the current package where you included code-analysis in buildout.

EXPERIMENTAL: For project buildouts where you use several source packages you may want to enter multiple directories or use ${buildout:develop} to include all your development packages.

dependencychecker

If set to True, import statement analysis is run and verified against declared dependencies in setup.py. Default is False.

dependencychecker-bin

Set the path to a custom version of dependencychecker.

Note

Version 2.3 or bigger must be used so that it reports its exit code correctly.

importchecker

If set to True, import statement analysis is run and unused imports are reported. Default is False.

importchecker-bin

Set the path to a custom version of importchecker.

chameleon-lint

If set to True, ChamleonLint code analysis is run. Default is False.

ChameleonLint uses lxml for xml parsing. There is no chameleon-lint-bin.

Note that you will want to activate either chameleon-lint or zpt-lint, not both, since they will apply to the same set of file extensions (.pt, .cpt, .zpt). The zpt-lint parser uses the actual TAL expression engine to validate templates, and this will generally choke on the Chameleon extensions. The chameleon-lint parser on the other hand just checks that the template is valid XML basically.

xmllint

If set to True, XMLLint code analysis is run. Default is False.

XMLLint uses lxml for xml parsing. There is no xmllint-bin.

clean-lines

If set to True, any file containing trailing spaces or tabs anywhere on the lines will cause a warning. Default is False.

clean-lines-exclude

Allows you to specify directories and/or files which you don't want to be checked. Default is none.

i18ndude and zptlint support

To reduce the number of Zope/Plone direct dependencies, plone.recipe.codeanalysis no longer depends on i18ndude nor zptlint; in order to use the following options you have to install them on your system, see buildout.cfg for an example install.

find-untranslated

If set to True, scan Zope templates to find untranslated strings. Default is False. To use this you will need to set the i18ndude-bin option.

find-untranslated-exclude

Allows you to specify directories and/or files which you don't want to be checked. Default is none.

find-untranslated-no-summary

The report will contain only the errors for each file. Default is False. However, summaries will also be suppressed when jenkins is set to True.

i18ndude-bin

Set the path to a custom version of i18ndude. Default is none.

zptlint

If set to True, zptlint code analysis is run. Default is False. To use this you will need to set the zptlint-bin option.

Note that you will want to use either zptlint or chameleon-lint, not both.

zptlint-bin

Set the path to a custom version of zptlint. Default is none.

zptlint-exclude

Allows you to specify directories and/or files which you don't want to be checked. Default is none.

Self-tests for these extra linters are disabled by default. To run a plone.recipe.codeanalysis self-test that covers these extra linters:

TEST_ALL=true bin/test

Known Issues

Tests fail:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/app/plone.recipe.codeanalysis/plone/recipe/codeanalysis/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
import zc.buildout
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'zc.buildout'

This is likely caused by pypa/pip#4695. Solution: run:

bin/easy_install -U zc.buildout==2.13.3

before running bin/buildout.