.functions

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# Create a new directory and enter it
function mkd() {
	mkdir -p "$@" && cd "$_";
}

# Change working directory to the top-most Finder window location
function cdf() { # short for `cdfinder`
	cd "$(osascript -e 'tell app "Finder" to POSIX path of (insertion location as alias)')";
}

# Create a .tar.gz archive, using `zopfli`, `pigz` or `gzip` for compression
function targz() {
	local tmpFile="${@%/}.tar";
	tar -cvf "${tmpFile}" --exclude=".DS_Store" "${@}" || return 1;

	size=$(
		stat -f"%z" "${tmpFile}" 2> /dev/null; # macOS `stat`
		stat -c"%s" "${tmpFile}" 2> /dev/null;  # GNU `stat`
	);

	local cmd="";
	if (( size < 52428800 )) && hash zopfli 2> /dev/null; then
		# the .tar file is smaller than 50 MB and Zopfli is available; use it
		cmd="zopfli";
	else
		if hash pigz 2> /dev/null; then
			cmd="pigz";
		else
			cmd="gzip";
		fi;
	fi;

	echo "Compressing .tar ($((size / 1000)) kB) using \`${cmd}\`…";
	"${cmd}" -v "${tmpFile}" || return 1;
	[ -f "${tmpFile}" ] && rm "${tmpFile}";

	zippedSize=$(
		stat -f"%z" "${tmpFile}.gz" 2> /dev/null; # macOS `stat`
		stat -c"%s" "${tmpFile}.gz" 2> /dev/null; # GNU `stat`
	);

	echo "${tmpFile}.gz ($((zippedSize / 1000)) kB) created successfully.";
}

# Determine size of a file or total size of a directory
function fs() {
	if du -b /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1; then
		local arg=-sbh;
	else
		local arg=-sh;
	fi
	if [[ -n "$@" ]]; then
		du $arg -- "$@";
	else
		du $arg .[^.]* ./*;
	fi;
}

# Use Git’s colored diff when available
hash git &>/dev/null;
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
	function diff() {
		git diff --no-index --color-words "$@";
	}
fi;

# Create a data URL from a file
function dataurl() {
	local mimeType=$(file -b --mime-type "$1");
	if [[ $mimeType == text/* ]]; then
		mimeType="${mimeType};charset=utf-8";
	fi
	echo "data:${mimeType};base64,$(openssl base64 -in "$1" | tr -d '\n')";
}

# Create a git.io short URL
function gitio() {
	if [ -z "${1}" -o -z "${2}" ]; then
		echo "Usage: \`gitio slug url\`";
		return 1;
	fi;
	curl -i https://git.io/ -F "url=${2}" -F "code=${1}";
}

# Start an HTTP server from a directory, optionally specifying the port
function server() {
	local port="${1:-8000}";
	sleep 1 && open "http://localhost:${port}/" &
	# Set the default Content-Type to `text/plain` instead of `application/octet-stream`
	# And serve everything as UTF-8 (although not technically correct, this doesn’t break anything for binary files)
	python -c $'import SimpleHTTPServer;\nmap = SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.extensions_map;\nmap[""] = "text/plain";\nfor key, value in map.items():\n\tmap[key] = value + ";charset=UTF-8";\nSimpleHTTPServer.test();' "$port";
}

# Settings, functions and aliases for commands
# =============================================================================

# OS X's file system is case-insensitive by default, so use aliases to get
# "GET"/"HEAD"/… working. (Otherwise "HEAD" would execute "/usr/bin/head".)
[[ "$OSTYPE" =~ ^darwin ]] && for method in GET HEAD POST PUT DELETE TRACE OPTIONS; do
	alias "$method"="/usr/bin/lwp-request -m $method";
done;

# Confirm before overwriting
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# I know it is bad practice to override the default commands, but this is for
# my own safety. If you really want the original "instakill" versions, you can
# still use "command rm" or "/bin/rm" inside your commands, aliases, functions
# or scripts.
alias cp='cp -i';
alias mv='mv -i';
alias rm='rm -i';

# Editors and pagers
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
alias nano='nano -w';
alias pico='nano';
alias vi='vim';
export EDITOR='atom';

# Make sure "view" as-is works when stdin is not a terminal and prevent the
# normal ensuing keyboard input chaos.
function view {
	local args=("$@");
	if ! [ -t /dev/stdin ] && ! (($#)); then
		echo 'Warning: Input is not from a terminal. Forcing "view -".';
		args=('-');
	fi;
	command view "${args[@]}";
}

export PAGER='less --quit-if-one-screen --no-init --ignore-case --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS --quiet --dumb';
# Make "less" transparently unpack archives etc.
if [ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ]; then
	eval $(/usr/bin/lesspipe);
elif type -t lesspipe.sh > /dev/null; then
	# MacPorts recommended "/opt/local/bin/lesspipe.sh", but this is more
	# portable for people that have it in another directory in their $PATH.
	eval $(lesspipe.sh);
fi;

# Edit and reload the profile.
function pro {
	#vi +3tabn -p ~/.bash_profile ~/.bash/{shell,commands,prompt,extra};
	source ~/.bash_profile;
}

# Colors
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Always use colour output for "ls".
if [[ "$OSTYPE" =~ ^darwin ]]; then
	alias ls='command ls -G';
  export LSCOLORS=ExFxCxDxBxegedabagacad
else
	alias ls='command ls --color';
	export LS_COLORS='no=00:fi=00:di=01;34:ln=01;36:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.ogg=01;35:*.mp3=01;35:*.wav=01;35:';
fi;

# Utilities
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Open the manual page for the last command you executed.
function lman {
	set -- $(fc -nl -1);
	while [ $# -gt 0 -a '(' "sudo" = "$1" -o "-" = "${1:0:1}" ')' ]; do
		shift;
	done;
	cmd="$(basename "$1")";
	man "$cmd" || help "$cmd";
}

# OS X has no "md5sum", so use "md5" as a fall-back.
type -t md5sum > /dev/null || alias md5sum='md5';

# Version control
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Use "colordiff" or "highlight" to colour diffs.
if type -t colordiff > /dev/null; then
	alias difflight='colordiff | less -XFIRd';
elif type -t highlight > /dev/null; then
	alias difflight='highlight --dark-red ^-.* | highlight --dark-green ^+.* | highlight --yellow ^Only.* | highlight --yellow ^Files.*differ$ | less -XFIRd';
else
	alias difflight='less -XFIRd';
fi;

# Git autocompletion.
[ -f ~/.git-completion.bash ] && source ~/.git-completion.bash;

# Show the current Git branch, if any.
# (This is useful in the shell prompt.)
function git-show-branch {
	branch="$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD 2>/dev/null)";
	ret=$?;
	case $ret in
		0) echo "(${branch##*/})";;
		1) echo '(no branch)';;
		128) echo -n;;
		*) echo "[unknown git exit code: $ret]";;
	esac;
	return $ret;
}

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# THE FUNCTIONS BELOW SHOULD BE MOVED TO SEPARATE SCRIPTS INSIDE ~/bin.
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Utilities
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Show a unified diff, colourised if possible and paged if necessary.
function udiff {
	type -t colordiff > /dev/null \
		&& local command=colordiff \
		|| local command=diff;
	"$command" -wU4 -x .svn "$@" | less -XFIRd;
	return ${PIPESTATUS[0]};
}

# Move the given file(s) to the Trash.
function trash {
	local path;
	for path; do
		# Make relative paths "absolutey".
		[ "${path:0:1}" = '/' ] || path="$PWD/$1";

		# Execute the AppleScript to nudge Finder.
		echo "$(cat <<-EOD
			tell application "Finder"
				delete POSIX file "${path//\"/\"}"
			end
		EOD)" | osascript;
	done;
}

# Show the given file(s) in the Finder.
function show {
	# Default to the current directory.
	[ $# -eq 0 ] && set -- .;

	# Build the array of paths for AppleScript.
	local path paths=();
	for path; do
		# Make sure each path exists.
		if ! [ -e "$path" ]; then
			echo "show: $path: No such file or directory";
			continue;
		fi;

		# Crappily re-implement "readlink -f" ("realpath") for Darwin.
		# (The "cd ... > /dev/null" hides CDPATH noise.)
		[ -d "$path" ] \
			&& path="$(cd "$path" > /dev/null && pwd)" \
			|| path="$(cd "$(dirname "$path")" > /dev/null && \
			           echo "$PWD/$(basename "$path")")";

		# Use the "POSIX file" AppleScript syntax.
		paths+=("POSIX file \"${path//\"/\"}\"");
	done;
	[ "${#paths[@]}" -eq 0 ] && return;

	# Group all output to pipe through osacript.
	{
		echo 'tell application "Finder"';
		echo -n 'select {'; # "reveal" would select only the last file.

		for ((i = 0; i < ${#paths[@]}; i++)); do
			echo -n "${paths[$i]}";
			[ $i -lt $(($# - 1)) ] && echo -n ', '; # Ugly array.join()...
		done;

		echo '}';
		echo 'activate';
		echo 'end tell';
	} | osascript;
}

# Use "hd" for the canonical hex dump. (Some systems have this symlinked.)
type -t hd > /dev/null || alias hd='hexdump -C';

# Backups
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Back up the given files and directories using an incremental backup
# that looks like a full backup, like Time Machine does.
function backup () {(
	# Backup format.
	local backup_dir="$HOME/backups";
	local date_format='%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S';

	# Usage.
	if [ $# -eq 0 -o "$1" = '--help' ] || [ $# -eq 1 -a "$1" = '--' ]; then
		echo 'Usage: backup [[USER@]HOST:]FILE...';
		echo;
		echo "Back up the given files and directories to $backup_dir/$(date +"$date_format")";
		[ "$1" = '--' ] && shift;
		[ $# -gt 0 ];
		exit $?;
	fi;

	# Skip the "enough with the options; it's files only from now on" delimiter "--".
	[ "$1" = '--' ] && shift;

	# Loop the command-line arguments.
	local path i=0;
	for path; do
		# Update the backup directory timestamp for each file being backed up.
		local curr_date="$(date +"$date_format")";

		# Check if this is a remote source.
		! [[ "$path" =~ ^([^/]+):(.*) ]];
		is_remote=$?;

		# Determine the full source path, source location and target path.
		# For local files, the source path and location are the same. For
		# remote files, the location is [user@]host:path.
		if [ $is_remote -eq 1 ]; then
			# For SSH sources, use SSH to find the full path.
			host="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}";
			local source_path="$(ssh "$host" "$(printf "$(cat <<-'EOD'
				host=%q;
				path=%q;
				if ! [ -z "$path" -o -e "$path" ]; then
					echo "$host:$path does not exist." 1>&2;
					exit 1;
				fi;
				{ [ -d "$path" ] && cd -- "$path" && pwd; } || { cd -- "$(dirname -- "$path")" && echo "$PWD/$(basename -- "$path")"; }
			EOD)" "$host" "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}")")" || exit 1;
			local source_location="$host:$source_path";
			local source_path="/ssh=$host$source_path";
		elif [ -z "$path" -o -e "$path" ]; then
			# For local sources, go to the directory or the file's parent directory and use the working directory.
			local source_path="$({ [ -d "$path" ] && cd -- "$path" && pwd; } || { cd -- "$(dirname -- "$path")" && echo "$PWD/$(basename -- "$path")"; })";
			local source_location="$source_path";
		else
			echo "$path does not exist." 1>&2;
			exit 1;
		fi;

		# Determine the target directory for the current backup.
		local curr_backup="$backup_dir/$curr_date$source_path";
		# if [ $is_remote -eq 1 ]; then
		local curr_backup_dir="$(dirname "$curr_backup")";
		local curr_backup_dir="$curr_backup";

		# Check for previous backups.
		local prev_backup='';
		shopt -s nullglob;
		for prev_backup in "$backup_dir/"*"$source_path"; do
			:
		done;

# XXX debug delme
for x in path is_remote source_path source_location curr_backup curr_backup_dir prev_backup; do printf $'%12s: "%s"\n' "$x" "${!x}"; done
		# Back up using rsync, hard-linking unchanged files to the previous backup, if any.
		mkdir -p "$curr_backup_dir";
		if [ "$(basename "$source_path")" = "$path" ]; then
			echo "Now backing up:  \"$path\"";
		else
			echo "Now backing up:  \"$path\" (\"$source_path\")";
		fi;
		echo "Backing up to:   \"$curr_backup\"";
		if [ -z "$prev_backup" ]; then
			echo 'Previous backup: (none)';
			echo;
			echo rsync --itemize-changes --archive -- "$source_location" "$curr_backup_dir";
		else
			echo "Previous backup: \"$prev_backup\"";
			echo;
			echo rsync --itemize-changes --archive --link-dest="$(dirname "$prev_backup")" -- "$source_location" "$curr_backup_dir"; # | sed '/\/\.svn\//d; /^cd+++++++ .*\/$/d';
		fi;

		# Print a blank line between two backups.
		let i++;
		[ $i -eq $# ] || echo;
	done;
)}

function diff-to-backup () {(
	local backup_dir="$HOME/backups";

	for x in "${@:-.}"; do
		full_path="$(php -r 'echo realpath($_SERVER["argv"][1]);' "$x")";

		# Check for previous backups.
		local prev_backup='';
		shopt -s nullglob;
		for prev_backup in "$backup_dir/"*"$full_path"; do
			:
		done;

		if [ -z "$prev_backup" ]; then
			echo "There are no backups of \"$x\"";
			exit 1;
		else
			udiff -x .svn -r "$prev_backup" "$x";
		fi;
		echo;
	done;
)}

# Processes
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Show a one-line process tree of the given process, defaulting to the current
# shell. By specifying this as a function instead of a separate script, we
# avoid the extra shell process.
function process-tree {
	pid="${1:-$$}";
	orig_pid="$pid";
	local commands=();
	while [ "$pid" != "$ppid" ]; do
		# Read the parent's process ID and the current process's command line.
		{
			read -d ' ' ppid;
			read command;
		} < <(ps c -p "$pid" -o ppid= -o command= | sed 's/^ *//');

		# XXX This does not quite work yet with screen on OS x. Find out why.
		# echo "PID: $pid // PPID: $ppid // CMD: $command" 1>&2;

		# Stop when we have reached the first process, or an sshd/login process.
		if [ -z "$ppid" -o "$ppid" -eq 0 -o "$ppid" -eq 1 -o "$command" = 'login' -o "$command" = 'sshd' ]; then
			# Include screen/xterm as the "root" process.
			if [ "$command" = 'screen' -o "$command" = 'xterm' ]; then
				commands=("$command" "${commands[@]}");
			fi;
			break;
		fi;

		# Insert the command in the front of the process array.
		commands=("$command" "${commands[@]}");

		# Prepare for the next iteration.
		pid="$ppid";
		ppid=;
	done;

	# Hide the first bash process.
	set -- "${commands[@]}";
	if [ "$1" = '-bash' -o "$1" = 'bash' ]; then
		shift;
		commands=("$@");
	fi;

	# Print the tree with the specified separator.
	separator='→';
	output="$(IFS="$separator"; echo "${commands[*]}")";
	echo "${output//$separator/ $separator }";
}

# Show the top 10 processes.
function top10 {
	# Default columns displayed by "top" on Debian Linux and Mac OS X:
	#         1   2    3  4  5    6   7   8 9    10   11    12
	# Linux:  PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
	# Darwin: PID COMMAND %CPU TIME #TH #WQ #PORTS #MREGS RPRVT RSHRD RSIZE VPRVT VSIZE PGRP PPID STATE UID FAULTS COW MSGSENT MSGRECV SYSBSD SYSMACH CSW PAGEINS USER
	#         1   2       3    4    5   6   7      8      9     10    11    12    13    14   15   16    17  18     19  20      21      22     23      24  25      26
	if [[ "$OSTYPE" =~ ^darwin ]]; then
		# Mac OS X's top does not calculate the CPU usage when sampling only
		# once. So, sample twice and only keep the output of the second
		# sample. This makes it seem very slow, but them's the breaks.
		local output="$(top -l 2 -n 10 -o CPU -stats PID,USER,CPU,VSIZE,RSIZE,RSHRD,STATE,TIME,COMMAND)";
		output="$(tail -n "$(($(wc -l <<< "$output") / 2))" <<< "$output")";
	else
		# Debian's top (and possibly other Linux versions) does not allow
		# requesting specific fields on the command line, so create a
		# temporary .toprc somewhere and use that. The "fieldscur" below
		# correspond to the "-stats" option for OS X's "top". See above.
		local tmp_dir="$(mktemp -d -t "top10.$$.XXXX")";
		cat > "$tmp_dir/.toprc" <<-EOD
			RCfile for "top with windows"		# shameless braggin'
			Id:a, Mode_altscr=0, Mode_irixps=1, Delay_time=3.000, Curwin=0
			Def	fieldscur=AEKhiOQTWnMbcdfgjplrsuvyzX
				winflags=62777, sortindx=10, maxtasks=0
				summclr=1, msgsclr=1, headclr=3, taskclr=1
		EOD
		local output="$(HOME="$tmp_dir"; top -bn 1)";
	fi;

	# Output the result, and use "column" to align the process columns a bit
	# better than "top" itself does. This does screw up the command names when
	# they contain a space, e.g. "Chromium Helper" => "Chromium     Helper".
	local pid_start_line="$(egrep -nm1 '^\s*PID' <<< "$output" || echo 65536)";
	pid_start_line="${pid_start_line%:*}";
	head -n $(($pid_start_line - 1)) <<< "$output";
	tail -n +$pid_start_line <<< "$output" | head -n 11 | column -t;
}

# Sort the "du" output and use human-readable units.
function duh {
	du -sk "$@" | sort -n | while read size fname; do
		for unit in KiB MiB GiB TiB PiB EiB ZiB YiB; do
			if [ "$size" -lt 1024 ]; then
				echo -e "${size} ${unit}\t${fname}";
				break;
			fi;
			size=$((size/1024));
		done;
	done;
}

# Compare one or more URLs "before" and "after".
function diff-url () {(
	cd /tmp || return $?;
	declare -a urls;
	declare -a before;
	declare -a after;

	# Remember all URLs.
	for url; do
		urls+=("$url");
	done;

	# Save all URLs to "before and after".
	for curr in {before,after}; do
		read -p "Press Enter to save $curr...";

		for ((i = 0; i < ${#urls[@]}; i++)); do
			url="${urls[$i]}";
			num="$(printf '%02d' "$i")";
			file="$curr-$num.html";
			[ "$curr" = 'before' ] \
				&& before+=("$file") \
				|| after+=("$file");
			wget -qO- "$url" | sed 's/m=[0-9]*//g; s/[0-9a-f]\{32\}//g; s/[0-9]* keer bekeken//' > "$file";
			[ -z "$prev_x" ] && prev_x="$x";
		done;
	done;

	# Loop through all URLs to diff their before and after.
	for ((i = 0; i < ${#urls[@]}; i++)); do
		url="${urls[$i]}";
		num="$(printf '%02d' "$i")";
		before="${before[$i]}";
		after="${after[$i]}";
		udiff --label="$url (before)" --label="$url (after)" "$before" "$after";
		rm -f "$before" "$after";
	done | colordiff | less -XFIRd;
)}

# Edit the files found with the previous "ack" command using Vim (or the
# default editor).
function vack {
	local cmd='';
	if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
		cmd="$(fc -nl -1)";
		cmd="${cmd:2}";
	else
		cmd='ack';
		for x; do
			cmd="$cmd $(printf '%q' "$x")";
		done;
		echo "$cmd";
	fi;
	if [ "${cmd:0:4}" != 'ack ' ]; then
		$cmd;
		return $?;
	fi;
	declare -a files;
	while read -r file; do
		echo "$file";
		files+=("$file");
	done < <(bash -c "${cmd/ack/ack -l}");
	"${EDITOR:-vim}" "${files[@]}";
}

# Convert the parameters or STDIN to lowercase.
function lc {
	if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
		tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]';
	else
		tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' <<< "$@";
	fi;
}

# Convert the parameters or STDIN to uppercase.
function uc {
	if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
		tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]';
	else
		tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' <<< "$@";
	fi;
}

# Use PHP's built-in support to encode and decode base64.
function base64 {
	if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
		 echo 'Usage: base64 [encode|decode] <string>';
		 return;
	fi;
	local action='decode';
	if [ "$1" = 'decode' ]; then
		action='decode';
		shift;
	elif [ "$1" = 'encode' ]; then
		action='encode';
		shift;
	fi;
	echo "$@" | php -r "echo base64_$action(file_get_contents('php://stdin'));";
	echo;
}

# Highlight STDIN based on PCRE patterns.
function highlight {
	local color=33;
	local perl_regex='';
	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
		local brightness=1;
		local param="$1";
		if [ "${param:0:2}" = "--" ]; then
			if [ "${param:2:5}" == "dark-" ]; then
				brightness=0;
				param="--${param:7}";
			elif [ "${param:2:6}" == "light-" ]; then
				brightness=1;
				param="--${param:8}";
			fi;
			case "${param:2}" in
				'black' | 'red' | 'green' | 'yellow' | 'blue' | 'magenta' | 'pink' | 'cyan' | 'white')
					param="--color=${param:2}";
					;;
			esac;
		fi;
		if [[ "${param:0:8}" = '--color=' ]]; then
			case ${param:8} in
				'black')
					color=30;;
				'red')
					color=31;;
				'green')
					color=32;;
				'yellow')
					color=33;;
				'blue')
					color=34;;
				'magenta' | 'pink')
					color=35;;
				'cyan')
					color=36;;
				'white')
					color=37;;
				*)
					echo default;;
			esac
			shift;
		fi
		perl_regex="$perl_regex;s@${1//@/\\@/}@$(echo -n $'\e['$brightness';'$color'm$&'$'\e[m')@g";
		shift;
	done;
	perl -p -e "select(STDOUT); $| = 1; ${perl_regex:1}";
}

# Show what a given command really is. It is a combination of "type", "file"
# and "ls". Unlike "which", it does not only take $PATH into account. This
# means it works for aliases and hashes, too. (The name "whatis" was taken,
# and I did not want to overwrite "which", hence "wtfis".)
# The return value is the result of "type" for the last command specified.
function wtfis {
	local cmd type i=1 ret=0;
	if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
		# Use "fc" to get the last command, and use that when no command
		# was given as a parameter to "wtfis".
		set -- $(fc -nl -1);
		while [ $# -gt 0 -a '(' "sudo" = "$1" -o "-" = "${1:0:1}" ')' ]; do
			# Ignore "sudo" and options ("-x" or "--bla").
			shift;
		done;
		# Replace the positional parameter array with the last command name.
		set -- "$1";
	fi;
	for cmd; do
		type="$(type "$cmd")";
		ret=$?;
		if [ $ret -eq 0 ]; then
			# Try to get the physical path. This works for hashes and
			# "normal" binaries.
			local path="$(type -p "$cmd")";
			if [ -z "$path" ]; then
				# Show the output from "type" without ANSI escapes.
				echo "${type//$'\e'/\\033}";

				case "$(type -t "$cmd")" in
					'alias')
						local alias_="$(alias "$cmd")";
						# The output looks like "alias foo='bar'"; so
						# strip everything except the body.
						alias_="${alias_#*\'}";
						alias_="${alias_%\'}";
						# Use "read" to process escapes. E.g. 'test\ it'
						# will # be read as 'test it'. This allows for
						# spaces inside command names.
						read -d ' ' alias_ <<< "$alias_";
						# Recurse and indent the output.
						wtfis "$alias_" 2>&2 | sed 's/^/  /';
						;;
					'keyword' | 'builtin')
						# Get the one-line description from the built-in
						# help, if available. Note that this does not
						# guarantee anything useful, though. Look at the
						# output for "help set", for instance.
						help "$cmd" 2> /dev/null | {
							local buf line;
							read -r line;
							while read -r line; do
								buf="$buf${line/.  */.} ";
								if [[ "$buf" =~ \.\ $ ]]; then
									echo "$buf";
									break;
								fi;
							done;
						};
						;;
				esac;
			else
				# For physical paths, get some more info.
				# First, get the one-line description from the man page.
				# ("col -b" gets rid of the backspaces used by OS X's man
				# to get a "bold" font.)
				man "$(basename "$path")" 2>/dev/null | col -b | \
				awk '/^NAME$/,/^$/' | {
					local buf line;
					read -r line;
					while read -r line; do
						buf="$buf${line/.  */.} ";
						if [[ "$buf" =~ \.\ $ ]]; then
							echo "$buf";
							break;
						fi;
					done;
					[ -n "$buf" ] && echo "$buf";
				}

				# Then, combine the output "type" and "file".
				local fileinfo="$(file "$path")";
				echo "${type}${fileinfo/$path}";

				# Finally, show it using "ls" and highlight the path.
				local ls="$(command ls -dalF "$path")";
				echo "${ls/$path/$'\e[7m'${path}$'\e[27m'}";
			fi;
		fi;

		# Separate the output for all but the last command with blank lines.
		[ $i -lt $# ] && echo;
		let i++;
	done;
	return $ret;
}
complete -A command wtfis;

# Try to make sense of the date. It supports everything GNU date knows how to
# parse, as well as UNIX timestamps. It formats the given date using the
# default GNU date format, which you can override using "--format='%x %y %z'.
#
# Examples of input and output:
#
#   $ whenis 1234567890            # UNIX timestamps
#   Sat Feb 14 00:31:30 CET 2009
#
#   $ whenis +1 year -3 months     # relative dates
#   Fri Jul 20 21:51:27 CEST 2012
#
#   $ whenis 2011-10-09 08:07:06   # MySQL DATETIME strings
#   Sun Oct  9 08:07:06 CEST 2011
#
#   $ whenis 1979-10-14T12:00:00.001-04:00 # HTML5 global date and time
#   Sun Oct 14 17:00:00 CET 1979
#
#   $ (TZ=America/Vancouver whenis) # Current time in Vancouver
#   Thu Oct 20 13:04:20 PDT 2011
#
# When requesting a different timezone like in the last example, make sure to
# execute the command in a subshell to avoid changing your timezone for the
# rest of the session.
#
# For more info, check out http://kak.be/gnudateformats.
function whenis {
	local error='Unable to parse that using http://kak.be/gnudateformats';

	# Default GNU date format as seen in date.c from GNU coreutils.
	local format='%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y';
	if [[ "$1" =~ ^--format= ]]; then
		format="${1#--format=}";
		shift;
	fi;

	# Concatenate all arguments as one string specifying the date.
	local date="$*";
	[[ "$date"  =~ ^[[:space:]]*$ ]] && date='now';

	if [[ "$date" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || [[ "$OSTYPE" =~ ^darwin ]]; then
		# Use PHP for UNIX timestamps and on OS X, where "date" is not GNU's.
		php -r '
			error_reporting(-1);
			$format = $_SERVER["argv"][1];
			$date = $_SERVER["argv"][2];
			if (!is_numeric($date)) {
				$date = strtotime($date);
				if ($date === false) {
					fputs(STDERR, $_SERVER["argv"][3] . PHP_EOL);
					exit(1);
				}
			}
			echo strftime($format, $date), PHP_EOL;
		' -- "$format" "$date" "$error";
	else
		# Use GNU date in all other situations.
		date -d "$date" +"$format";
	fi;
}

# Start your editor ($EDITOR, defaulting to "vim") on the last file specified.
# This is useful to quickly view the last in a series of timestamped files,
# e.g.:
#   $ ls -1 *.sql
#   20111021-112318.sql
#   20111021-112328.sql
#   20111021-112403.sql
#   20111021-112500.sql
#   20111021-112704.sql
#   20111021-112724.sql
#   20111021-112729.sql
#   20111021-113949.sql
#   $ vilast *.sql # will edit 20111021-113949.sql
function vilast {
	(($#)) && ${EDITOR:-vim} "${!#}";
}

# A quick way to invoke a read-only Vim on the last file. See "vilast".
function viewlast {
	(EDITOR=view vilast "$@");
}
#
# Start a PHP server from a directory, optionally specifying the port
# (Requires PHP 5.4.0+.)
function phpserver() {
	local port="${1:-4000}";
	local ip=$(ipconfig getifaddr en1);
	sleep 1 && open "http://${ip}:${port}/" &
	php -S "${ip}:${port}";
}

# Compare original and gzipped file size
function gz() {
	local origsize=$(wc -c < "$1");
	local gzipsize=$(gzip -c "$1" | wc -c);
	local ratio=$(echo "$gzipsize * 100 / $origsize" | bc -l);
	printf "orig: %d bytes\n" "$origsize";
	printf "gzip: %d bytes (%2.2f%%)\n" "$gzipsize" "$ratio";
}

# Syntax-highlight JSON strings or files
# Usage: `json '{"foo":42}'` or `echo '{"foo":42}' | json`
function json() {
	if [ -t 0 ]; then # argument
		python -mjson.tool <<< "$*" | pygmentize -l javascript;
	else # pipe
		python -mjson.tool | pygmentize -l javascript;
	fi;
}

# Run `dig` and display the most useful info
function digga() {
	dig +nocmd "$1" any +multiline +noall +answer;
}

# UTF-8-encode a string of Unicode symbols
function escape() {
	printf "\\\x%s" $(printf "$@" | xxd -p -c1 -u);
	# print a newline unless we’re piping the output to another program
	if [ -t 1 ]; then
		echo ""; # newline
	fi;
}

# Decode \x{ABCD}-style Unicode escape sequences
function unidecode() {
	perl -e "binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8'); print \"$@\"";
	# print a newline unless we’re piping the output to another program
	if [ -t 1 ]; then
		echo ""; # newline
	fi;
}

# Get a character’s Unicode code point
function codepoint() {
	perl -e "use utf8; print sprintf('U+%04X', ord(\"$@\"))";
	# print a newline unless we’re piping the output to another program
	if [ -t 1 ]; then
		echo ""; # newline
	fi;
}

# Show all the names (CNs and SANs) listed in the SSL certificate
# for a given domain
function getcertnames() {
	if [ -z "${1}" ]; then
		echo "ERROR: No domain specified.";
		return 1;
	fi;

	local domain="${1}";
	echo "Testing ${domain}…";
	echo ""; # newline

	local tmp=$(echo -e "GET / HTTP/1.0\nEOT" \
		| openssl s_client -connect "${domain}:443" -servername "${domain}" 2>&1);

	if [[ "${tmp}" = *"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----"* ]]; then
		local certText=$(echo "${tmp}" \
			| openssl x509 -text -certopt "no_aux, no_header, no_issuer, no_pubkey, \
			no_serial, no_sigdump, no_signame, no_validity, no_version");
		echo "Common Name:";
		echo ""; # newline
		echo "${certText}" | grep "Subject:" | sed -e "s/^.*CN=//" | sed -e "s/\/emailAddress=.*//";
		echo ""; # newline
		echo "Subject Alternative Name(s):";
		echo ""; # newline
		echo "${certText}" | grep -A 1 "Subject Alternative Name:" \
			| sed -e "2s/DNS://g" -e "s/ //g" | tr "," "\n" | tail -n +2;
		return 0;
	else
		text=$(cat) # pipe
	fi
	echo "ERROR: Certificate not found.";
	return 1;
}

# `s` with no arguments opens the current directory in Sublime Text, otherwise
# opens the given location
function s() {
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
	subl .;
else
	subl "$@";
fi;
}

# `a` with no arguments opens the current directory in Atom Editor, otherwise
# opens the given location
function a() {
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
	atom .;
else
	atom "$@";
fi;
}

# `v` with no arguments opens the current directory in Vim, otherwise opens the
# given location
function v() {
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
	vim .;
else
	vim "$@";
fi;
}

# `o` with no arguments opens the current directory, otherwise opens the given
# location
function o() {
if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
	open .;
else
	open "$@";
fi;
}

# `tre` is a shorthand for `tree` with hidden files and color enabled, ignoring
# the `.git` directory, listing directories first. The output gets piped into
# `less` with options to preserve color and line numbers, unless the output is
# small enough for one screen.
function tre() {
tree -aC -I '.git|node_modules|bower_components' --dirsfirst "$@" | less -FRNX;
}

# Manually remove a downloaded app or file from the quarantine
function unquarantine() {
	for attribute in com.apple.metadata:kMDItemDownloadedDate com.apple.metadata:kMDItemWhereFroms com.apple.quarantine; do
		xattr -r -d "$attribute" "$@"
	done
}

function flushdns() {
  sudo launchctl unload /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist
  echo -n "mDNS unloading..."
  sleep 5
  echo " [done]"
  sudo launchctl load /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist
  echo -n "mDNS loading....."
  sleep 5
  echo " [done]"
}

function jhome() {
  export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home $@`
  echo "JAVA_HOME:" $JAVA_HOME
  echo "java -version:"
  java -version
}