node.go

// Package node is the main service which launches a beacon node and manages
// the lifecycle of all its associated services at runtime, such as p2p, RPC, sync,
// gracefully closing them if the process ends.
package node

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"path/filepath"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	apigateway "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/api/gateway"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/api/server"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/async/event"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/blockchain"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/builder"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/cache"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/cache/depositcache"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/cache/depositsnapshot"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/db"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/db/filesystem"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/db/kv"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/db/slasherkv"
	interopcoldstart "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/deterministic-genesis"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/execution"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/forkchoice"
	doublylinkedtree "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/forkchoice/doubly-linked-tree"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/gateway"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/monitor"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/node/registration"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/operations/attestations"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/operations/blstoexec"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/operations/slashings"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/operations/synccommittee"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/operations/voluntaryexits"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/p2p"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/p2p/peers"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/rpc"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/slasher"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/startup"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/state"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/state/stategen"
	regularsync "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/sync"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/sync/backfill"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/sync/backfill/coverage"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/sync/checkpoint"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/sync/genesis"
	initialsync "github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/sync/initial-sync"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/beacon-chain/verification"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/cmd"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/cmd/beacon-chain/flags"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/config/features"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/config/params"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/consensus-types/primitives"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/container/slice"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/encoding/bytesutil"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/monitoring/prometheus"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/runtime"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/runtime/debug"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/runtime/prereqs"
	"github.com/prysmaticlabs/prysm/v5/runtime/version"
	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
)

const testSkipPowFlag = "test-skip-pow"

// Used as a struct to keep cli flag options for configuring services
// for the beacon node. We keep this as a separate struct to not pollute the actual BeaconNode
// struct, as it is merely used to pass down configuration options into the appropriate services.
type serviceFlagOpts struct {
	blockchainFlagOpts     []blockchain.Option
	executionChainFlagOpts []execution.Option
	builderOpts            []builder.Option
}

// BeaconNode defines a struct that handles the services running a random beacon chain
// full PoS node. It handles the lifecycle of the entire system and registers
// services to a service registry.
type BeaconNode struct {
	cliCtx                  *cli.Context
	ctx                     context.Context
	cancel                  context.CancelFunc
	services                *runtime.ServiceRegistry
	lock                    sync.RWMutex
	stop                    chan struct{} // Channel to wait for termination notifications.
	db                      db.Database
	slasherDB               db.SlasherDatabase
	attestationPool         attestations.Pool
	exitPool                voluntaryexits.PoolManager
	slashingsPool           slashings.PoolManager
	syncCommitteePool       synccommittee.Pool
	blsToExecPool           blstoexec.PoolManager
	depositCache            cache.DepositCache
	trackedValidatorsCache  *cache.TrackedValidatorsCache
	payloadIDCache          *cache.PayloadIDCache
	stateFeed               *event.Feed
	blockFeed               *event.Feed
	opFeed                  *event.Feed
	stateGen                *stategen.State
	collector               *bcnodeCollector
	slasherBlockHeadersFeed *event.Feed
	slasherAttestationsFeed *event.Feed
	finalizedStateAtStartUp state.BeaconState
	serviceFlagOpts         *serviceFlagOpts
	GenesisInitializer      genesis.Initializer
	CheckpointInitializer   checkpoint.Initializer
	forkChoicer             forkchoice.ForkChoicer
	clockWaiter             startup.ClockWaiter
	BackfillOpts            []backfill.ServiceOption
	initialSyncComplete     chan struct{}
	BlobStorage             *filesystem.BlobStorage
	BlobStorageOptions      []filesystem.BlobStorageOption
	blobRetentionEpochs     primitives.Epoch
	verifyInitWaiter        *verification.InitializerWaiter
	syncChecker             *initialsync.SyncChecker
}

// New creates a new node instance, sets up configuration options, and registers
// every required service to the node.
func New(cliCtx *cli.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, opts ...Option) (*BeaconNode, error) {
	if err := configureBeacon(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not set beacon configuration options")
	}

	// Initializes any forks here.
	params.BeaconConfig().InitializeForkSchedule()

	registry := runtime.NewServiceRegistry()
	ctx := cliCtx.Context

	beacon := &BeaconNode{
		cliCtx:                  cliCtx,
		ctx:                     ctx,
		cancel:                  cancel,
		services:                registry,
		stop:                    make(chan struct{}),
		stateFeed:               new(event.Feed),
		blockFeed:               new(event.Feed),
		opFeed:                  new(event.Feed),
		attestationPool:         attestations.NewPool(),
		exitPool:                voluntaryexits.NewPool(),
		slashingsPool:           slashings.NewPool(),
		syncCommitteePool:       synccommittee.NewPool(),
		blsToExecPool:           blstoexec.NewPool(),
		trackedValidatorsCache:  cache.NewTrackedValidatorsCache(),
		payloadIDCache:          cache.NewPayloadIDCache(),
		slasherBlockHeadersFeed: new(event.Feed),
		slasherAttestationsFeed: new(event.Feed),
		serviceFlagOpts:         &serviceFlagOpts{},
		initialSyncComplete:     make(chan struct{}),
		syncChecker:             &initialsync.SyncChecker{},
	}

	for _, opt := range opts {
		if err := opt(beacon); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	synchronizer := startup.NewClockSynchronizer()
	beacon.clockWaiter = synchronizer
	beacon.forkChoicer = doublylinkedtree.New()

	depositAddress, err := execution.DepositContractAddress()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Allow tests to set it as an opt.
	if beacon.BlobStorage == nil {
		beacon.BlobStorageOptions = append(beacon.BlobStorageOptions, filesystem.WithSaveFsync(features.Get().BlobSaveFsync))
		blobs, err := filesystem.NewBlobStorage(beacon.BlobStorageOptions...)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		beacon.BlobStorage = blobs
	}

	bfs, err := startBaseServices(cliCtx, beacon, depositAddress)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not start modules")
	}

	beacon.verifyInitWaiter = verification.NewInitializerWaiter(
		beacon.clockWaiter, forkchoice.NewROForkChoice(beacon.forkChoicer), beacon.stateGen)

	pa := peers.NewAssigner(beacon.fetchP2P().Peers(), beacon.forkChoicer)

	beacon.BackfillOpts = append(
		beacon.BackfillOpts,
		backfill.WithVerifierWaiter(beacon.verifyInitWaiter),
		backfill.WithInitSyncWaiter(initSyncWaiter(ctx, beacon.initialSyncComplete)),
	)

	bf, err := backfill.NewService(ctx, bfs, beacon.BlobStorage, beacon.clockWaiter, beacon.fetchP2P(), pa, beacon.BackfillOpts...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error initializing backfill service")
	}

	if err := registerServices(cliCtx, beacon, synchronizer, bf, bfs); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not register services")
	}

	// db.DatabasePath is the path to the containing directory
	// db.NewFileName expands that to the canonical full path using
	// the same construction as NewDB()
	c, err := newBeaconNodePromCollector(db.NewFileName(beacon.db.DatabasePath()))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	beacon.collector = c

	// Do not store the finalized state as it has been provided to the respective services during
	// their initialization.
	beacon.finalizedStateAtStartUp = nil

	return beacon, nil
}

func configureBeacon(cliCtx *cli.Context) error {
	if err := configureTracing(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure tracing")
	}

	prereqs.WarnIfPlatformNotSupported(cliCtx.Context)

	if hasNetworkFlag(cliCtx) && cliCtx.IsSet(cmd.ChainConfigFileFlag.Name) {
		return fmt.Errorf("%s cannot be passed concurrently with network flag", cmd.ChainConfigFileFlag.Name)
	}

	if err := features.ConfigureBeaconChain(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure beacon chain")
	}

	if err := cmd.ConfigureBeaconChain(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure beacon chain")
	}

	flags.ConfigureGlobalFlags(cliCtx)

	if err := configureChainConfig(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure chain config")
	}

	if err := configureHistoricalSlasher(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure historical slasher")
	}

	if err := configureBuilderCircuitBreaker(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure builder circuit breaker")
	}

	if err := configureSlotsPerArchivedPoint(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure slots per archived point")
	}

	if err := configureEth1Config(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure eth1 config")
	}

	configureNetwork(cliCtx)

	if err := configureInteropConfig(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure interop config")
	}

	if err := configureExecutionSetting(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not configure execution setting")
	}

	configureFastSSZHashingAlgorithm()

	return nil
}

func startBaseServices(cliCtx *cli.Context, beacon *BeaconNode, depositAddress string) (*backfill.Store, error) {
	ctx := cliCtx.Context
	log.Debugln("Starting DB")
	if err := beacon.startDB(cliCtx, depositAddress); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not start DB")
	}
	beacon.BlobStorage.WarmCache()

	log.Debugln("Starting Slashing DB")
	if err := beacon.startSlasherDB(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not start slashing DB")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering P2P Service")
	if err := beacon.registerP2P(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not register P2P service")
	}

	bfs, err := backfill.NewUpdater(ctx, beacon.db)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create backfill updater")
	}

	log.Debugln("Starting State Gen")
	if err := beacon.startStateGen(ctx, bfs, beacon.forkChoicer); err != nil {
		if errors.Is(err, stategen.ErrNoGenesisBlock) {
			log.Errorf("No genesis block/state is found. Prysm only provides a mainnet genesis "+
				"state bundled in the application. You must provide the --%s or --%s flag to load "+
				"a genesis block/state for this network.", "genesis-state", "genesis-beacon-api-url")
		}
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not start state generation")
	}

	return bfs, nil
}

func registerServices(cliCtx *cli.Context, beacon *BeaconNode, synchronizer *startup.ClockSynchronizer, bf *backfill.Service, bfs *backfill.Store) error {
	if err := beacon.services.RegisterService(bf); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register backfill service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering POW Chain Service")
	if err := beacon.registerPOWChainService(); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register POW chain service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering Attestation Pool Service")
	if err := beacon.registerAttestationPool(); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register attestation pool service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering Deterministic Genesis Service")
	if err := beacon.registerDeterministicGenesisService(); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register deterministic genesis service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering Blockchain Service")
	if err := beacon.registerBlockchainService(beacon.forkChoicer, synchronizer, beacon.initialSyncComplete); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register blockchain service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering Initial Sync Service")
	if err := beacon.registerInitialSyncService(beacon.initialSyncComplete); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register initial sync service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering Sync Service")
	if err := beacon.registerSyncService(beacon.initialSyncComplete, bfs); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register sync service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering Slasher Service")
	if err := beacon.registerSlasherService(); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register slasher service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering builder service")
	if err := beacon.registerBuilderService(cliCtx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register builder service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering RPC Service")
	router := newRouter(cliCtx)
	if err := beacon.registerRPCService(router); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register RPC service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering GRPC Gateway Service")
	if err := beacon.registerGRPCGateway(router); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register GRPC gateway service")
	}

	log.Debugln("Registering Validator Monitoring Service")
	if err := beacon.registerValidatorMonitorService(beacon.initialSyncComplete); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register validator monitoring service")
	}

	if !cliCtx.Bool(cmd.DisableMonitoringFlag.Name) {
		log.Debugln("Registering Prometheus Service")
		if err := beacon.registerPrometheusService(cliCtx); err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register prometheus service")
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func initSyncWaiter(ctx context.Context, complete chan struct{}) func() error {
	return func() error {
		select {
		case <-complete:
			return nil
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return ctx.Err()
		}
	}
}

func newRouter(cliCtx *cli.Context) *mux.Router {
	var allowedOrigins []string
	if cliCtx.IsSet(flags.GPRCGatewayCorsDomain.Name) {
		allowedOrigins = strings.Split(cliCtx.String(flags.GPRCGatewayCorsDomain.Name), ",")
	} else {
		allowedOrigins = strings.Split(flags.GPRCGatewayCorsDomain.Value, ",")
	}
	r := mux.NewRouter()
	r.Use(server.NormalizeQueryValuesHandler)
	r.Use(server.CorsHandler(allowedOrigins))
	return r
}

// StateFeed implements statefeed.Notifier.
func (b *BeaconNode) StateFeed() *event.Feed {
	return b.stateFeed
}

// BlockFeed implements blockfeed.Notifier.
func (b *BeaconNode) BlockFeed() *event.Feed {
	return b.blockFeed
}

// OperationFeed implements opfeed.Notifier.
func (b *BeaconNode) OperationFeed() *event.Feed {
	return b.opFeed
}

// Start the BeaconNode and kicks off every registered service.
func (b *BeaconNode) Start() {
	b.lock.Lock()

	log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
		"version": version.Version(),
	}).Info("Starting beacon node")

	b.services.StartAll()

	stop := b.stop
	b.lock.Unlock()

	go func() {
		sigc := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
		signal.Notify(sigc, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
		defer signal.Stop(sigc)
		<-sigc
		log.Info("Got interrupt, shutting down...")
		debug.Exit(b.cliCtx) // Ensure trace and CPU profile data are flushed.
		go b.Close()
		for i := 10; i > 0; i-- {
			<-sigc
			if i > 1 {
				log.WithField("times", i-1).Info("Already shutting down, interrupt more to panic")
			}
		}
		panic("Panic closing the beacon node")
	}()

	// Wait for stop channel to be closed.
	<-stop
}

// Close handles graceful shutdown of the system.
func (b *BeaconNode) Close() {
	b.lock.Lock()
	defer b.lock.Unlock()

	log.Info("Stopping beacon node")
	b.services.StopAll()
	if err := b.db.Close(); err != nil {
		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to close database")
	}
	b.collector.unregister()
	b.cancel()
	close(b.stop)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) clearDB(clearDB, forceClearDB bool, d *kv.Store, dbPath string) (*kv.Store, error) {
	var err error
	clearDBConfirmed := false

	if clearDB && !forceClearDB {
		const (
			actionText = "This will delete your beacon chain database stored in your data directory. " +
				"Your database backups will not be removed - do you want to proceed? (Y/N)"

			deniedText = "Database will not be deleted. No changes have been made."
		)

		clearDBConfirmed, err = cmd.ConfirmAction(actionText, deniedText)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not confirm action")
		}
	}

	if clearDBConfirmed || forceClearDB {
		log.Warning("Removing database")
		if err := d.ClearDB(); err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not clear database")
		}

		if err := b.BlobStorage.Clear(); err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not clear blob storage")
		}

		d, err = kv.NewKVStore(b.ctx, dbPath)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "could not create new database")
		}
	}

	return d, nil
}

func (b *BeaconNode) checkAndSaveDepositContract(depositAddress string) error {
	knownContract, err := b.db.DepositContractAddress(b.ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not get deposit contract address")
	}

	addr := common.HexToAddress(depositAddress)
	if len(knownContract) == 0 {
		if err := b.db.SaveDepositContractAddress(b.ctx, addr); err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not save deposit contract")
		}
	}

	if len(knownContract) > 0 && !bytes.Equal(addr.Bytes(), knownContract) {
		return fmt.Errorf("database contract is %#x but tried to run with %#x. This likely means "+
			"you are trying to run on a different network than what the database contains. You can run once with "+
			"--%s to wipe the old database or use an alternative data directory with --%s",
			knownContract, addr.Bytes(), cmd.ClearDB.Name, cmd.DataDirFlag.Name)
	}

	return nil
}

func (b *BeaconNode) startDB(cliCtx *cli.Context, depositAddress string) error {
	var depositCache cache.DepositCache

	baseDir := cliCtx.String(cmd.DataDirFlag.Name)
	dbPath := filepath.Join(baseDir, kv.BeaconNodeDbDirName)
	clearDBRequired := cliCtx.Bool(cmd.ClearDB.Name)
	forceClearDBRequired := cliCtx.Bool(cmd.ForceClearDB.Name)

	log.WithField("databasePath", dbPath).Info("Checking DB")

	d, err := kv.NewKVStore(b.ctx, dbPath)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not create database at %s", dbPath)
	}

	if clearDBRequired || forceClearDBRequired {
		d, err = b.clearDB(clearDBRequired, forceClearDBRequired, d, dbPath)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not clear database")
		}
	}

	if err := d.RunMigrations(b.ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	b.db = d

	if features.Get().EnableEIP4881 {
		depositCache, err = depositsnapshot.New()
	} else {
		depositCache, err = depositcache.New()
	}
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not create deposit cache")
	}

	b.depositCache = depositCache

	if b.GenesisInitializer != nil {
		if err := b.GenesisInitializer.Initialize(b.ctx, d); err != nil {
			if err == db.ErrExistingGenesisState {
				return errors.Errorf("Genesis state flag specified but a genesis state "+
					"exists already. Run again with --%s and/or ensure you are using the "+
					"appropriate testnet flag to load the given genesis state.", cmd.ClearDB.Name)
			}

			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not load genesis from file")
		}
	}

	if err := b.db.EnsureEmbeddedGenesis(b.ctx); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not ensure embedded genesis")
	}

	if b.CheckpointInitializer != nil {
		if err := b.CheckpointInitializer.Initialize(b.ctx, d); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if err := b.checkAndSaveDepositContract(depositAddress); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not check and save deposit contract")
	}

	log.WithField("address", depositAddress).Info("Deposit contract")
	return nil
}

func (b *BeaconNode) startSlasherDB(cliCtx *cli.Context) error {
	if !features.Get().EnableSlasher {
		return nil
	}
	baseDir := cliCtx.String(cmd.DataDirFlag.Name)

	if cliCtx.IsSet(flags.SlasherDirFlag.Name) {
		baseDir = cliCtx.String(flags.SlasherDirFlag.Name)
	}

	dbPath := filepath.Join(baseDir, kv.BeaconNodeDbDirName)
	clearDB := cliCtx.Bool(cmd.ClearDB.Name)
	forceClearDB := cliCtx.Bool(cmd.ForceClearDB.Name)

	log.WithField("databasePath", dbPath).Info("Checking DB")

	d, err := slasherkv.NewKVStore(b.ctx, dbPath)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	clearDBConfirmed := false
	if clearDB && !forceClearDB {
		actionText := "This will delete your beacon chain database stored in your data directory. " +
			"Your database backups will not be removed - do you want to proceed? (Y/N)"
		deniedText := "Database will not be deleted. No changes have been made."
		clearDBConfirmed, err = cmd.ConfirmAction(actionText, deniedText)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if clearDBConfirmed || forceClearDB {
		log.Warning("Removing database")
		if err := d.ClearDB(); err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not clear database")
		}
		if err := b.BlobStorage.Clear(); err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not clear blob storage")
		}
		d, err = slasherkv.NewKVStore(b.ctx, dbPath)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "could not create new database")
		}
	}

	b.slasherDB = d
	return nil
}

func (b *BeaconNode) startStateGen(ctx context.Context, bfs coverage.AvailableBlocker, fc forkchoice.ForkChoicer) error {
	opts := []stategen.Option{stategen.WithAvailableBlocker(bfs)}
	sg := stategen.New(b.db, fc, opts...)

	cp, err := b.db.FinalizedCheckpoint(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	r := bytesutil.ToBytes32(cp.Root)
	// Consider edge case where finalized root are zeros instead of genesis root hash.
	if r == params.BeaconConfig().ZeroHash {
		genesisBlock, err := b.db.GenesisBlock(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if genesisBlock != nil && !genesisBlock.IsNil() {
			r, err = genesisBlock.Block().HashTreeRoot()
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	b.finalizedStateAtStartUp, err = sg.StateByRoot(ctx, r)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	b.stateGen = sg
	return nil
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerP2P(cliCtx *cli.Context) error {
	bootstrapNodeAddrs, dataDir, err := registration.P2PPreregistration(cliCtx)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not register p2p service")
	}

	svc, err := p2p.NewService(b.ctx, &p2p.Config{
		NoDiscovery:          cliCtx.Bool(cmd.NoDiscovery.Name),
		StaticPeers:          slice.SplitCommaSeparated(cliCtx.StringSlice(cmd.StaticPeers.Name)),
		Discv5BootStrapAddrs: p2p.ParseBootStrapAddrs(bootstrapNodeAddrs),
		RelayNodeAddr:        cliCtx.String(cmd.RelayNode.Name),
		DataDir:              dataDir,
		LocalIP:              cliCtx.String(cmd.P2PIP.Name),
		HostAddress:          cliCtx.String(cmd.P2PHost.Name),
		HostDNS:              cliCtx.String(cmd.P2PHostDNS.Name),
		PrivateKey:           cliCtx.String(cmd.P2PPrivKey.Name),
		StaticPeerID:         cliCtx.Bool(cmd.P2PStaticID.Name),
		MetaDataDir:          cliCtx.String(cmd.P2PMetadata.Name),
		TCPPort:              cliCtx.Uint(cmd.P2PTCPPort.Name),
		UDPPort:              cliCtx.Uint(cmd.P2PUDPPort.Name),
		MaxPeers:             cliCtx.Uint(cmd.P2PMaxPeers.Name),
		QueueSize:            cliCtx.Uint(cmd.PubsubQueueSize.Name),
		AllowListCIDR:        cliCtx.String(cmd.P2PAllowList.Name),
		DenyListCIDR:         slice.SplitCommaSeparated(cliCtx.StringSlice(cmd.P2PDenyList.Name)),
		EnableUPnP:           cliCtx.Bool(cmd.EnableUPnPFlag.Name),
		StateNotifier:        b,
		DB:                   b.db,
		ClockWaiter:          b.clockWaiter,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return b.services.RegisterService(svc)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) fetchP2P() p2p.P2P {
	var p *p2p.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&p); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return p
}

func (b *BeaconNode) fetchBuilderService() *builder.Service {
	var s *builder.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&s); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return s
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerAttestationPool() error {
	s, err := attestations.NewService(b.ctx, &attestations.Config{
		Pool:                b.attestationPool,
		InitialSyncComplete: b.initialSyncComplete,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register atts pool service")
	}
	return b.services.RegisterService(s)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerBlockchainService(fc forkchoice.ForkChoicer, gs *startup.ClockSynchronizer, syncComplete chan struct{}) error {
	var web3Service *execution.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&web3Service); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var attService *attestations.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&attService); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// skipcq: CRT-D0001
	opts := append(
		b.serviceFlagOpts.blockchainFlagOpts,
		blockchain.WithForkChoiceStore(fc),
		blockchain.WithDatabase(b.db),
		blockchain.WithDepositCache(b.depositCache),
		blockchain.WithChainStartFetcher(web3Service),
		blockchain.WithExecutionEngineCaller(web3Service),
		blockchain.WithAttestationPool(b.attestationPool),
		blockchain.WithExitPool(b.exitPool),
		blockchain.WithSlashingPool(b.slashingsPool),
		blockchain.WithBLSToExecPool(b.blsToExecPool),
		blockchain.WithP2PBroadcaster(b.fetchP2P()),
		blockchain.WithStateNotifier(b),
		blockchain.WithAttestationService(attService),
		blockchain.WithStateGen(b.stateGen),
		blockchain.WithSlasherAttestationsFeed(b.slasherAttestationsFeed),
		blockchain.WithFinalizedStateAtStartUp(b.finalizedStateAtStartUp),
		blockchain.WithClockSynchronizer(gs),
		blockchain.WithSyncComplete(syncComplete),
		blockchain.WithBlobStorage(b.BlobStorage),
		blockchain.WithTrackedValidatorsCache(b.trackedValidatorsCache),
		blockchain.WithPayloadIDCache(b.payloadIDCache),
		blockchain.WithSyncChecker(b.syncChecker),
	)

	blockchainService, err := blockchain.NewService(b.ctx, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register blockchain service")
	}
	return b.services.RegisterService(blockchainService)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerPOWChainService() error {
	if b.cliCtx.Bool(testSkipPowFlag) {
		return b.services.RegisterService(&execution.Service{})
	}
	bs, err := execution.NewPowchainCollector(b.ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	depositContractAddr, err := execution.DepositContractAddress()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// skipcq: CRT-D0001
	opts := append(
		b.serviceFlagOpts.executionChainFlagOpts,
		execution.WithDepositContractAddress(common.HexToAddress(depositContractAddr)),
		execution.WithDatabase(b.db),
		execution.WithDepositCache(b.depositCache),
		execution.WithStateNotifier(b),
		execution.WithStateGen(b.stateGen),
		execution.WithBeaconNodeStatsUpdater(bs),
		execution.WithFinalizedStateAtStartup(b.finalizedStateAtStartUp),
		execution.WithJwtId(b.cliCtx.String(flags.JwtId.Name)),
	)
	web3Service, err := execution.NewService(b.ctx, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "could not register proof-of-work chain web3Service")
	}

	return b.services.RegisterService(web3Service)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerSyncService(initialSyncComplete chan struct{}, bFillStore *backfill.Store) error {
	var web3Service *execution.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&web3Service); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var chainService *blockchain.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&chainService); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var initSync *initialsync.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&initSync); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	rs := regularsync.NewService(
		b.ctx,
		regularsync.WithDatabase(b.db),
		regularsync.WithP2P(b.fetchP2P()),
		regularsync.WithChainService(chainService),
		regularsync.WithInitialSync(initSync),
		regularsync.WithBlockNotifier(b),
		regularsync.WithAttestationNotifier(b),
		regularsync.WithOperationNotifier(b),
		regularsync.WithAttestationPool(b.attestationPool),
		regularsync.WithExitPool(b.exitPool),
		regularsync.WithSlashingPool(b.slashingsPool),
		regularsync.WithSyncCommsPool(b.syncCommitteePool),
		regularsync.WithBlsToExecPool(b.blsToExecPool),
		regularsync.WithStateGen(b.stateGen),
		regularsync.WithSlasherAttestationsFeed(b.slasherAttestationsFeed),
		regularsync.WithSlasherBlockHeadersFeed(b.slasherBlockHeadersFeed),
		regularsync.WithPayloadReconstructor(web3Service),
		regularsync.WithClockWaiter(b.clockWaiter),
		regularsync.WithInitialSyncComplete(initialSyncComplete),
		regularsync.WithStateNotifier(b),
		regularsync.WithBlobStorage(b.BlobStorage),
		regularsync.WithVerifierWaiter(b.verifyInitWaiter),
		regularsync.WithAvailableBlocker(bFillStore),
	)
	return b.services.RegisterService(rs)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerInitialSyncService(complete chan struct{}) error {
	var chainService *blockchain.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&chainService); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	opts := []initialsync.Option{
		initialsync.WithVerifierWaiter(b.verifyInitWaiter),
		initialsync.WithSyncChecker(b.syncChecker),
	}
	is := initialsync.NewService(b.ctx, &initialsync.Config{
		DB:                  b.db,
		Chain:               chainService,
		P2P:                 b.fetchP2P(),
		StateNotifier:       b,
		BlockNotifier:       b,
		ClockWaiter:         b.clockWaiter,
		InitialSyncComplete: complete,
		BlobStorage:         b.BlobStorage,
	}, opts...)
	return b.services.RegisterService(is)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerSlasherService() error {
	if !features.Get().EnableSlasher {
		return nil
	}
	var chainService *blockchain.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&chainService); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	var syncService *initialsync.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&syncService); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	slasherSrv, err := slasher.New(b.ctx, &slasher.ServiceConfig{
		IndexedAttestationsFeed: b.slasherAttestationsFeed,
		BeaconBlockHeadersFeed:  b.slasherBlockHeadersFeed,
		Database:                b.slasherDB,
		StateNotifier:           b,
		AttestationStateFetcher: chainService,
		StateGen:                b.stateGen,
		SlashingPoolInserter:    b.slashingsPool,
		SyncChecker:             syncService,
		HeadStateFetcher:        chainService,
		ClockWaiter:             b.clockWaiter,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return b.services.RegisterService(slasherSrv)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerRPCService(router *mux.Router) error {
	var chainService *blockchain.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&chainService); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var web3Service *execution.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&web3Service); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var syncService *initialsync.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&syncService); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	var slasherService *slasher.Service
	if features.Get().EnableSlasher {
		if err := b.services.FetchService(&slasherService); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	genesisValidators := b.cliCtx.Uint64(flags.InteropNumValidatorsFlag.Name)
	var depositFetcher cache.DepositFetcher
	var chainStartFetcher execution.ChainStartFetcher
	if genesisValidators > 0 {
		var interopService *interopcoldstart.Service
		if err := b.services.FetchService(&interopService); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		depositFetcher = interopService
		chainStartFetcher = interopService
	} else {
		depositFetcher = b.depositCache
		chainStartFetcher = web3Service
	}

	host := b.cliCtx.String(flags.RPCHost.Name)
	port := b.cliCtx.String(flags.RPCPort.Name)
	beaconMonitoringHost := b.cliCtx.String(cmd.MonitoringHostFlag.Name)
	beaconMonitoringPort := b.cliCtx.Int(flags.MonitoringPortFlag.Name)
	cert := b.cliCtx.String(flags.CertFlag.Name)
	key := b.cliCtx.String(flags.KeyFlag.Name)
	mockEth1DataVotes := b.cliCtx.Bool(flags.InteropMockEth1DataVotesFlag.Name)

	maxMsgSize := b.cliCtx.Int(cmd.GrpcMaxCallRecvMsgSizeFlag.Name)
	enableDebugRPCEndpoints := b.cliCtx.Bool(flags.EnableDebugRPCEndpoints.Name)

	p2pService := b.fetchP2P()
	rpcService := rpc.NewService(b.ctx, &rpc.Config{
		ExecutionEngineCaller:         web3Service,
		ExecutionPayloadReconstructor: web3Service,
		Host:                          host,
		Port:                          port,
		BeaconMonitoringHost:          beaconMonitoringHost,
		BeaconMonitoringPort:          beaconMonitoringPort,
		CertFlag:                      cert,
		KeyFlag:                       key,
		BeaconDB:                      b.db,
		Broadcaster:                   p2pService,
		PeersFetcher:                  p2pService,
		PeerManager:                   p2pService,
		MetadataProvider:              p2pService,
		ChainInfoFetcher:              chainService,
		HeadFetcher:                   chainService,
		CanonicalFetcher:              chainService,
		ForkFetcher:                   chainService,
		ForkchoiceFetcher:             chainService,
		FinalizationFetcher:           chainService,
		BlockReceiver:                 chainService,
		BlobReceiver:                  chainService,
		AttestationReceiver:           chainService,
		GenesisTimeFetcher:            chainService,
		GenesisFetcher:                chainService,
		OptimisticModeFetcher:         chainService,
		AttestationsPool:              b.attestationPool,
		ExitPool:                      b.exitPool,
		SlashingsPool:                 b.slashingsPool,
		BLSChangesPool:                b.blsToExecPool,
		SyncCommitteeObjectPool:       b.syncCommitteePool,
		ExecutionChainService:         web3Service,
		ExecutionChainInfoFetcher:     web3Service,
		ChainStartFetcher:             chainStartFetcher,
		MockEth1Votes:                 mockEth1DataVotes,
		SyncService:                   syncService,
		DepositFetcher:                depositFetcher,
		PendingDepositFetcher:         b.depositCache,
		BlockNotifier:                 b,
		StateNotifier:                 b,
		OperationNotifier:             b,
		StateGen:                      b.stateGen,
		EnableDebugRPCEndpoints:       enableDebugRPCEndpoints,
		MaxMsgSize:                    maxMsgSize,
		BlockBuilder:                  b.fetchBuilderService(),
		Router:                        router,
		ClockWaiter:                   b.clockWaiter,
		BlobStorage:                   b.BlobStorage,
		TrackedValidatorsCache:        b.trackedValidatorsCache,
		PayloadIDCache:                b.payloadIDCache,
	})

	return b.services.RegisterService(rpcService)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerPrometheusService(_ *cli.Context) error {
	var additionalHandlers []prometheus.Handler
	var p *p2p.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&p); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	additionalHandlers = append(additionalHandlers, prometheus.Handler{Path: "/p2p", Handler: p.InfoHandler})

	var c *blockchain.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&c); err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	service := prometheus.NewService(
		fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", b.cliCtx.String(cmd.MonitoringHostFlag.Name), b.cliCtx.Int(flags.MonitoringPortFlag.Name)),
		b.services,
		additionalHandlers...,
	)
	hook := prometheus.NewLogrusCollector()
	logrus.AddHook(hook)
	return b.services.RegisterService(service)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerGRPCGateway(router *mux.Router) error {
	if b.cliCtx.Bool(flags.DisableGRPCGateway.Name) {
		return nil
	}
	gatewayHost := b.cliCtx.String(flags.GRPCGatewayHost.Name)
	gatewayPort := b.cliCtx.Int(flags.GRPCGatewayPort.Name)
	rpcHost := b.cliCtx.String(flags.RPCHost.Name)
	rpcPort := b.cliCtx.Int(flags.RPCPort.Name)

	selfAddress := net.JoinHostPort(rpcHost, strconv.Itoa(rpcPort))
	gatewayAddress := net.JoinHostPort(gatewayHost, strconv.Itoa(gatewayPort))
	allowedOrigins := strings.Split(b.cliCtx.String(flags.GPRCGatewayCorsDomain.Name), ",")
	enableDebugRPCEndpoints := b.cliCtx.Bool(flags.EnableDebugRPCEndpoints.Name)
	selfCert := b.cliCtx.String(flags.CertFlag.Name)
	maxCallSize := b.cliCtx.Uint64(cmd.GrpcMaxCallRecvMsgSizeFlag.Name)
	httpModules := b.cliCtx.String(flags.HTTPModules.Name)
	timeout := b.cliCtx.Int(cmd.ApiTimeoutFlag.Name)

	gatewayConfig := gateway.DefaultConfig(enableDebugRPCEndpoints, httpModules)
	muxs := make([]*apigateway.PbMux, 0)
	if gatewayConfig.V1AlphaPbMux != nil {
		muxs = append(muxs, gatewayConfig.V1AlphaPbMux)
	}
	if gatewayConfig.EthPbMux != nil {
		muxs = append(muxs, gatewayConfig.EthPbMux)
	}

	opts := []apigateway.Option{
		apigateway.WithRouter(router),
		apigateway.WithGatewayAddr(gatewayAddress),
		apigateway.WithRemoteAddr(selfAddress),
		apigateway.WithPbHandlers(muxs),
		apigateway.WithRemoteCert(selfCert),
		apigateway.WithMaxCallRecvMsgSize(maxCallSize),
		apigateway.WithAllowedOrigins(allowedOrigins),
		apigateway.WithTimeout(uint64(timeout)),
	}
	g, err := apigateway.New(b.ctx, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return b.services.RegisterService(g)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerDeterministicGenesisService() error {
	genesisTime := b.cliCtx.Uint64(flags.InteropGenesisTimeFlag.Name)
	genesisValidators := b.cliCtx.Uint64(flags.InteropNumValidatorsFlag.Name)

	if genesisValidators > 0 {
		svc := interopcoldstart.NewService(b.ctx, &interopcoldstart.Config{
			GenesisTime:   genesisTime,
			NumValidators: genesisValidators,
			BeaconDB:      b.db,
			DepositCache:  b.depositCache,
		})
		svc.Start()

		// Register genesis state as start-up state when interop mode.
		// The start-up state gets reused across services.
		st, err := b.db.GenesisState(b.ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		b.finalizedStateAtStartUp = st

		return b.services.RegisterService(svc)
	}
	return nil
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerValidatorMonitorService(initialSyncComplete chan struct{}) error {
	cliSlice := b.cliCtx.IntSlice(cmd.ValidatorMonitorIndicesFlag.Name)
	if cliSlice == nil {
		return nil
	}
	tracked := make([]primitives.ValidatorIndex, len(cliSlice))
	for i := range tracked {
		tracked[i] = primitives.ValidatorIndex(cliSlice[i])
	}

	var chainService *blockchain.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&chainService); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	monitorConfig := &monitor.ValidatorMonitorConfig{
		StateNotifier:       b,
		AttestationNotifier: b,
		StateGen:            b.stateGen,
		HeadFetcher:         chainService,
		InitialSyncComplete: initialSyncComplete,
	}
	svc, err := monitor.NewService(b.ctx, monitorConfig, tracked)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return b.services.RegisterService(svc)
}

func (b *BeaconNode) registerBuilderService(cliCtx *cli.Context) error {
	var chainService *blockchain.Service
	if err := b.services.FetchService(&chainService); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	opts := b.serviceFlagOpts.builderOpts
	opts = append(opts, builder.WithHeadFetcher(chainService), builder.WithDatabase(b.db))

	// make cache the default.
	if !cliCtx.Bool(features.DisableRegistrationCache.Name) {
		opts = append(opts, builder.WithRegistrationCache())
	}
	svc, err := builder.NewService(b.ctx, opts...)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return b.services.RegisterService(svc)
}

func hasNetworkFlag(cliCtx *cli.Context) bool {
	for _, flag := range features.NetworkFlags {
		for _, name := range flag.Names() {
			if cliCtx.IsSet(name) {
				return true
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}