diff --git a/news/12187.bugfix.rst b/news/12187.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b4d106b974f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/news/12187.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Fix improper handling of the new onexc argument of ``shutil.rmtree()`` in Python 3.12.
diff --git a/src/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py b/src/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
index b7b32f0f8cf..9a6353fc8d3 100644
--- a/src/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
+++ b/src/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 from functools import partial
 from io import StringIO
 from itertools import filterfalse, tee, zip_longest
-from types import TracebackType
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import FunctionType, TracebackType
 from typing import (
     Any,
     BinaryIO,
@@ -67,6 +68,8 @@
 ExcInfo = Tuple[Type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType]
 VersionInfo = Tuple[int, int, int]
 NetlocTuple = Tuple[str, Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]
+OnExc = Callable[[FunctionType, Path, BaseException], Any]
+OnErr = Callable[[FunctionType, Path, ExcInfo], Any]
 
 
 def get_pip_version() -> str:
@@ -127,16 +130,23 @@ def get_prog() -> str:
 def rmtree(
     dir: str,
     ignore_errors: bool = False,
-    onexc: Optional[Callable[[Any, Any, Any], Any]] = None,
+    onexc: Optional[OnExc] = None,
 ) -> None:
     if ignore_errors:
         onexc = _onerror_ignore
-    elif onexc is None:
+    if onexc is None:
         onexc = _onerror_reraise
+    handler: OnErr = partial(
+        # `[func, path, Union[ExcInfo, BaseException]] -> Any` is equivalent to
+        # `Union[([func, path, ExcInfo] -> Any), ([func, path, BaseException] -> Any)]`.
+        cast(Union[OnExc, OnErr], rmtree_errorhandler),
+        onexc=onexc,
+    )
     if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
-        shutil.rmtree(dir, onexc=partial(rmtree_errorhandler, onexc=onexc))
+        # See https://docs.python.org/3.12/whatsnew/3.12.html#shutil.
+        shutil.rmtree(dir, onexc=handler)
     else:
-        shutil.rmtree(dir, onerror=partial(rmtree_errorhandler, onexc=onexc))
+        shutil.rmtree(dir, onerror=handler)
 
 
 def _onerror_ignore(*_args: Any) -> None:
@@ -148,11 +158,11 @@ def _onerror_reraise(*_args: Any) -> None:
 
 
 def rmtree_errorhandler(
-    func: Callable[..., Any],
-    path: str,
+    func: FunctionType,
+    path: Path,
     exc_info: Union[ExcInfo, BaseException],
     *,
-    onexc: Callable[..., Any] = _onerror_reraise,
+    onexc: OnExc = _onerror_reraise,
 ) -> None:
     """
     `rmtree` error handler to 'force' a file remove (i.e. like `rm -f`).
@@ -183,6 +193,8 @@ def rmtree_errorhandler(
             except OSError:
                 pass
 
+    if not isinstance(exc_info, BaseException):
+        _, exc_info, _ = exc_info
     onexc(func, path, exc_info)
 
 
diff --git a/src/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py b/src/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
index 99d1ba834ef..38c5f7c7c94 100644
--- a/src/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
+++ b/src/pip/_internal/utils/temp_dir.py
@@ -5,15 +5,14 @@
 import tempfile
 import traceback
 from contextlib import ExitStack, contextmanager
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import FunctionType
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    Callable,
     Dict,
     Generator,
     List,
     Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
@@ -188,22 +187,24 @@ def cleanup(self) -> None:
         errors: List[BaseException] = []
 
         def onerror(
-            func: Callable[[str], Any],
-            path: str,
-            exc_info: Tuple[Type[BaseException], BaseException, Any],
+            func: FunctionType,
+            path: Path,
+            exc_val: BaseException,
         ) -> None:
             """Log a warning for a `rmtree` error and continue"""
-            exc_val = "\n".join(traceback.format_exception_only(*exc_info[:2]))
-            exc_val = exc_val.rstrip()  # remove trailing new line
+            formatted_exc = "\n".join(
+                traceback.format_exception_only(type(exc_val), exc_val)
+            )
+            formatted_exc = formatted_exc.rstrip()  # remove trailing new line
             if func in (os.unlink, os.remove, os.rmdir):
                 logger.debug(
                     "Failed to remove a temporary file '%s' due to %s.\n",
                     path,
-                    exc_val,
+                    formatted_exc,
                 )
             else:
-                logger.debug("%s failed with %s.", func.__qualname__, exc_val)
-            errors.append(exc_info[1])
+                logger.debug("%s failed with %s.", func.__qualname__, formatted_exc)
+            errors.append(exc_val)
 
         if self.ignore_cleanup_errors:
             try: