diff --git a/src/poetry/console/commands/build.py b/src/poetry/console/commands/build.py
index 9d5545326ca..a691aed0c99 100644
--- a/src/poetry/console/commands/build.py
+++ b/src/poetry/console/commands/build.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from cleo.helpers import option
 
 from poetry.console.commands.env_command import EnvCommand
+from poetry.utils.env import build_environment
 
 
 class BuildCommand(EnvCommand):
@@ -23,11 +24,12 @@ class BuildCommand(EnvCommand):
     def handle(self) -> None:
         from poetry.core.masonry.builder import Builder
 
-        fmt = self.option("format") or "all"
-        package = self.poetry.package
-        self.line(
-            f"Building <c1>{package.pretty_name}</c1> (<c2>{package.version}</c2>)"
-        )
+        with build_environment(poetry=self.poetry, env=self.env, io=self.io) as env:
+            fmt = self.option("format") or "all"
+            package = self.poetry.package
+            self.line(
+                f"Building <c1>{package.pretty_name}</c1> (<c2>{package.version}</c2>)"
+            )
 
-        builder = Builder(self.poetry)
-        builder.build(fmt, executable=self.env.python)
+            builder = Builder(self.poetry)
+            builder.build(fmt, executable=env.python)
diff --git a/src/poetry/masonry/builders/editable.py b/src/poetry/masonry/builders/editable.py
index 73329b480ec..de4ce1ca5c7 100644
--- a/src/poetry/masonry/builders/editable.py
+++ b/src/poetry/masonry/builders/editable.py
@@ -15,14 +15,15 @@
 
 from poetry.utils._compat import WINDOWS
 from poetry.utils._compat import decode
+from poetry.utils.env import build_environment
 from poetry.utils.helpers import is_dir_writable
 from poetry.utils.pip import pip_install
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from cleo.io.io import IO
-    from poetry.core.poetry import Poetry
 
+    from poetry.poetry import Poetry
     from poetry.utils.env import Env
 
 SCRIPT_TEMPLATE = """\
@@ -75,8 +76,9 @@ def build(self) -> None:
         self._add_dist_info(added_files)
 
     def _run_build_script(self, build_script: str) -> None:
-        self._debug(f"  - Executing build script: <b>{build_script}</b>")
-        self._env.run("python", str(self._path.joinpath(build_script)), call=True)
+        with build_environment(poetry=self._poetry, env=self._env, io=self._io) as env:
+            self._debug(f"  - Executing build script: <b>{build_script}</b>")
+            env.run("python", str(self._path.joinpath(build_script)), call=True)
 
     def _setup_build(self) -> None:
         builder = SdistBuilder(self._poetry)
diff --git a/src/poetry/utils/env.py b/src/poetry/utils/env.py
index 856202172b4..3dfe27b2f36 100644
--- a/src/poetry/utils/env.py
+++ b/src/poetry/utils/env.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 from typing import ContextManager
 from typing import Iterable
 from typing import Iterator
+from typing import TypeVar
 
 import packaging.tags
 import tomlkit
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
 from packaging.tags import interpreter_name
 from packaging.tags import interpreter_version
 from packaging.tags import sys_tags
+from poetry.core.poetry import Poetry
 from poetry.core.semver.helpers import parse_constraint
 from poetry.core.semver.version import Version
 from poetry.core.toml.file import TOMLFile
@@ -50,7 +52,8 @@
     from cleo.io.io import IO
     from poetry.core.version.markers import BaseMarker
 
-    from poetry.poetry import Poetry
+
+P = TypeVar("P", bound=Poetry)
 
 
 GET_SYS_TAGS = f"""
@@ -494,7 +497,7 @@ class EnvManager:
 
     ENVS_FILE = "envs.toml"
 
-    def __init__(self, poetry: Poetry) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, poetry: P) -> None:
         self._poetry = poetry
 
     def _full_python_path(self, python: str) -> str:
@@ -1839,6 +1842,48 @@ def ephemeral_environment(
         yield VirtualEnv(venv_dir, venv_dir)
 
 
+@contextmanager
+def build_environment(
+    poetry: P, env: Env | None = None, io: IO | None = None
+) -> Iterator[Env]:
+    """
+    If a build script is specified for the project, there could be additional build
+    time dependencies, eg: cython, setuptools etc. In these cases, we create an
+    ephemeral build environment with all requirements specified under
+    `build-system.requires` and return this. Otherwise, the given default project
+    environment is returned.
+    """
+    if not env or poetry.package.build_script:
+        with ephemeral_environment(executable=env.python if env else None) as venv:
+            overwrite = io and io.output.is_decorated() and not io.is_debug()
+            if io:
+                if not overwrite:
+                    io.write_line("")
+
+                requires = [
+                    f"<c1>{requirement}</c1>"
+                    for requirement in poetry.pyproject.build_system.requires
+                ]
+
+                io.overwrite(
+                    "<b>Preparing</b> build environment with build-system requirements"
+                    f" {', '.join(requires)}"
+                )
+            venv.run_pip(
+                "install",
+                "--disable-pip-version-check",
+                "--ignore-installed",
+                *poetry.pyproject.build_system.requires,
+            )
+
+            if overwrite:
+                io.write_line("")
+
+            yield venv
+    else:
+        yield env
+
+
 class MockEnv(NullEnv):
     def __init__(
         self,
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/extended_project_without_setup/pyproject.toml b/tests/fixtures/extended_project_without_setup/pyproject.toml
index 5c9dc2774c7..b3f4818f29c 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/extended_project_without_setup/pyproject.toml
+++ b/tests/fixtures/extended_project_without_setup/pyproject.toml
@@ -27,3 +27,7 @@ generate-setup-file = false
 # Requirements
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
 python = "~2.7 || ^3.4"
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core", "cython"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
diff --git a/tests/masonry/builders/test_editable_builder.py b/tests/masonry/builders/test_editable_builder.py
index aa34a6b7808..64b52bddc9a 100644
--- a/tests/masonry/builders/test_editable_builder.py
+++ b/tests/masonry/builders/test_editable_builder.py
@@ -267,9 +267,13 @@ def test_builder_installs_proper_files_when_packages_configured(
 
 
 def test_builder_should_execute_build_scripts(
-    extended_without_setup_poetry: Poetry, tmp_dir: str
+    mocker: MockerFixture, extended_without_setup_poetry: Poetry, tmp_dir: str
 ):
     env = MockEnv(path=Path(tmp_dir) / "foo")
+    mocker.patch(
+        "poetry.masonry.builders.editable.build_environment"
+    ).return_value.__enter__.return_value = env
+
     builder = EditableBuilder(extended_without_setup_poetry, env, NullIO())
 
     builder.build()
diff --git a/tests/utils/test_env.py b/tests/utils/test_env.py
index 9db341e3ba8..736df81bb9e 100644
--- a/tests/utils/test_env.py
+++ b/tests/utils/test_env.py
@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@
 from poetry.utils.env import EnvManager
 from poetry.utils.env import GenericEnv
 from poetry.utils.env import InvalidCurrentPythonVersionError
+from poetry.utils.env import MockEnv
 from poetry.utils.env import NoCompatiblePythonVersionFound
 from poetry.utils.env import SystemEnv
 from poetry.utils.env import VirtualEnv
+from poetry.utils.env import build_environment
 from poetry.utils.helpers import remove_directory
 
 
@@ -1331,3 +1333,51 @@ def test_generate_env_name_ignores_case_for_case_insensitive_fs(tmp_dir: str):
         assert venv_name1 == venv_name2
     else:
         assert venv_name1 != venv_name2
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def extended_without_setup_poetry() -> Poetry:
+    poetry = Factory().create_poetry(
+        Path(__file__).parent.parent / "fixtures" / "extended_project_without_setup"
+    )
+
+    return poetry
+
+
+def test_build_environment_called_build_script_specified(
+    mocker: MockerFixture, extended_without_setup_poetry: Poetry, tmp_dir: str
+):
+    project_env = MockEnv(path=Path(tmp_dir) / "project")
+    ephemeral_env = MockEnv(path=Path(tmp_dir) / "ephemeral")
+
+    mocker.patch(
+        "poetry.utils.env.ephemeral_environment"
+    ).return_value.__enter__.return_value = ephemeral_env
+
+    with build_environment(extended_without_setup_poetry, project_env) as env:
+        assert env == ephemeral_env
+        assert env.executed == [
+            [
+                "python",
+                env.pip_embedded,
+                "install",
+                "--disable-pip-version-check",
+                "--ignore-installed",
+                *extended_without_setup_poetry.pyproject.build_system.requires,
+            ]
+        ]
+
+
+def test_build_environment_not_called_without_build_script_specified(
+    mocker: MockerFixture, poetry: Poetry, tmp_dir: str
+):
+    project_env = MockEnv(path=Path(tmp_dir) / "project")
+    ephemeral_env = MockEnv(path=Path(tmp_dir) / "ephemeral")
+
+    mocker.patch(
+        "poetry.utils.env.ephemeral_environment"
+    ).return_value.__enter__.return_value = ephemeral_env
+
+    with build_environment(poetry, project_env) as env:
+        assert env == project_env
+        assert not env.executed