首先，添加一个新的URL路径： {% raw %} myproject/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
from accounts import views as accounts_views
from boards import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.home, name='home'),
url(r'^signup/$', accounts_views.signup, name='signup'),
url(r'^login/$', auth_views.LoginView.as_view(template_name='login.html'), name='login'),
url(r'^logout/$', auth_views.LogoutView.as_view(), name='logout'),
url(r'^boards/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.board_topics, name='board_topics'),
url(r'^boards/(?P<pk>\d+)/new/$', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]在as_view()中，我们可以传递一些额外的参数，以覆盖默认值。在这种情况下，我们让LoginView 使用login.html模板。
编辑settings.py然后添加
myproject/settings.py
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = 'home'
这个配置信息告诉Django在成功登录后将用户重定向到哪里。
最后，将登录URL添加到 base.html模板中：
templates/base.html
<a href="{% url 'login' %}" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">Log in</a>
我们可以创建一个类似于注册页面的模板。创建一个名为 login.html 的新文件：
templates/login.html
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}
{% block stylesheet %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/accounts.css' %}">
{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
<div class="container">
<h1 class="text-center logo my-4">
<a href="{% url 'home' %}">Django Boards</a>
</h1>
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-8">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h3 class="card-title">Log in</h3>
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% include 'includes/form.html' %}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block">Log in</button>
</form>
</div>
<div class="card-footer text-muted text-center">
New to Django Boards? <a href="{% url 'signup' %}">Sign up</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-center py-2">
<small>
<a href="#" class="text-muted">Forgot your password?</a>
</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
我们看到HTML模板中的内容重复了，现在来重构一下它。
创建一个名为base_accounts.html的新模板：
templates/base_accounts.html
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}
{% block stylesheet %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/accounts.css' %}">
{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
<div class="container">
<h1 class="text-center logo my-4">
<a href="{% url 'home' %}">Django Boards</a>
</h1>
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
</div>
{% endblock %}现在在signup.html和login.html中使用它：
templates/login.html
{% extends 'base_accounts.html' %}
{% block title %}Log in to Django Boards{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-8">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h3 class="card-title">Log in</h3>
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% include 'includes/form.html' %}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block">Log in</button>
</form>
</div>
<div class="card-footer text-muted text-center">
New to Django Boards? <a href="{% url 'signup' %}">Sign up</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-center py-2">
<small>
<a href="#" class="text-muted">Forgot your password?</a>
</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}我们有密码重置的功能，因此现在让我们将其暂时保留为#。
templates/signup.html
{% extends 'base_accounts.html' %}
{% block title %}Sign up to Django Boards{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-lg-8 col-md-10 col-sm-12">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h3 class="card-title">Sign up</h3>
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% include 'includes/form.html' %}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block">Create an account</button>
</form>
</div>
<div class="card-footer text-muted text-center">
Already have an account? <a href="{% url 'login' %}">Log in</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}请注意，我们添加了登录链接： <a href="{% url 'login' %}">Log in</a>.
如果我们提交空白的登录信息，我们会得到一些友好的错误提示信息：
但是，如果我们提交一个不存在的用户名或一个无效的密码，现在就会发生这种情况：
有点误导，这个区域是绿色的，表明它们是良好运行的，此外，没有其他额外的信息。
这是因为表单有一种特殊类型的错误，叫做 non-field errors。这是一组与特定字段无关的错误。让我们重构form.html部分模板以显示这些错误：
templates/includes/form.html
{% load widget_tweaks %}
{% if form.non_field_errors %}
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
{% for error in form.non_field_errors %}
<p{% if forloop.last %} class="mb-0"{% endif %}>{{ error }}</p>
{% endfor %}
</div>
{% endif %}
{% for field in form %}
<!-- code suppressed -->
{% endfor %}{% if forloop.last %}只是一个小事情，因为p标签有一个空白的margin-bottom.一个表单可能有几个non-field error，我们呈现了一个带有错误的p标签。然后我要检查它是否是最后一次渲染的错误。如果是这样的，我们就添加一个 Bootstrap 4 CSS类 mb-0 ，它的作用是代表了“margin bottom = 0”（底部边缘为0）。这样的话警告看起来就不那么奇怪了并且多了一些额外的空间。这只是一个非常小的细节。我这么做的原因只是为了保持间距的一致性。
尽管如此，我们仍然需要处理密码字段。问题在于，Django从不将密码字段的数据返回给客户端。因此，在某些情况下，不要试图做一次自作聪明的事情，我们可以直接忽略is-valid和is-invalid 的CSS类。但是我们的表单模板看起来十分的复杂，我们可以将一些代码移动到模板标记中去。
在boards应用中，创建一个名为templatetags的新文件夹。然后在该文件夹内创建两个名为 init.py 和 form_tags.py的空文件。
文件结构应该如下：
myproject/
|-- myproject/
| |-- accounts/
| |-- boards/
| | |-- migrations/
| | |-- templatetags/ <-- here
| | | |-- __init__.py
| | | +-- form_tags.py
| | |-- __init__.py
| | |-- admin.py
| | |-- apps.py
| | |-- models.py
| | |-- tests.py
| | +-- views.py
| |-- myproject/
| |-- static/
| |-- templates/
| |-- db.sqlite3
| +-- manage.py
+-- venv/
在 form_tags.py文件中，我们创建两个模板标签：
boards/templatetags/form_tags.py
from django import template
register = template.Library()
@register.filter
def field_type(bound_field):
return bound_field.field.widget.__class__.__name__
@register.filter
def input_class(bound_field):
css_class = ''
if bound_field.form.is_bound:
if bound_field.errors:
css_class = 'is-invalid'
elif field_type(bound_field) != 'PasswordInput':
css_class = 'is-valid'
return 'form-control {}'.format(css_class)这些是模板过滤器，他们的工作方式是这样的：
首先，我们将它加载到模板中，就像我们使用 widget_tweaks 或static 模板标签一样。请注意，在创建这个文件后，你将不得不手动停止开发服务器并重启它，以便Django可以识别新的模板标签。
{% load form_tags %}
之后，我们就可以在模板中使用它们了。
{{ form.username|field_type }}
返回：
'TextInput'
或者在 input_class的情况下：
{{ form.username|input_class }}
<!-- if the form is not bound, it will simply return: -->
'form-control '
<!-- if the form is bound and valid: -->
'form-control is-valid'
<!-- if the form is bound and invalid: -->
'form-control is-invalid'现在更新 form.html以使用新的模板标签：
templates/includes/form.html
{% load form_tags widget_tweaks %}
{% if form.non_field_errors %}
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
{% for error in form.non_field_errors %}
<p{% if forloop.last %} class="mb-0"{% endif %}>{{ error }}</p>
{% endfor %}
</div>
{% endif %}
{% for field in form %}
<div class="form-group">
{{ field.label_tag }}
{% render_field field class=field|input_class %}
{% for error in field.errors %}
<div class="invalid-feedback">
{{ error }}
</div>
{% endfor %}
{% if field.help_text %}
<small class="form-text text-muted">
{{ field.help_text|safe }}
</small>
{% endif %}
</div>
{% endfor %}这样的话就好多了是吧？这样做降低了模板的复杂性，它现在看起来更加整洁。并且它还解决了密码字段显示绿色边框的问题：
首先，让我们稍微组织一下boards的测试。就像我们对account app 所做的那样。创建一个新的文件夹名为tests，添加一个init.py，复制test.py并且将其重命名为test_views.py。
添加一个名为 test_templatetags.py的新空文件。
myproject/
|-- myproject/
| |-- accounts/
| |-- boards/
| | |-- migrations/
| | |-- templatetags/
| | |-- tests/
| | | |-- __init__.py
| | | |-- test_templatetags.py <-- new file, empty for now
| | | +-- test_views.py <-- our old file with all the tests
| | |-- __init__.py
| | |-- admin.py
| | |-- apps.py
| | |-- models.py
| | +-- views.py
| |-- myproject/
| |-- static/
| |-- templates/
| |-- db.sqlite3
| +-- manage.py
+-- venv/
修复test_views.py的导入问题：
boards/tests/test_views.py
from ..views import home, board_topics, new_topic
from ..models import Board, Topic, Post
from ..forms import NewTopicForm执行测试来确保一切都正常。
boards/tests/test_templatetags.py
from django import forms
from django.test import TestCase
from ..templatetags.form_tags import field_type, input_class
class ExampleForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField()
password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput())
class Meta:
fields = ('name', 'password')
class FieldTypeTests(TestCase):
def test_field_widget_type(self):
form = ExampleForm()
self.assertEquals('TextInput', field_type(form['name']))
self.assertEquals('PasswordInput', field_type(form['password']))
class InputClassTests(TestCase):
def test_unbound_field_initial_state(self):
form = ExampleForm() # unbound form
self.assertEquals('form-control ', input_class(form['name']))
def test_valid_bound_field(self):
form = ExampleForm({'name': 'john', 'password': '123'}) # bound form (field + data)
self.assertEquals('form-control is-valid', input_class(form['name']))
self.assertEquals('form-control ', input_class(form['password']))
def test_invalid_bound_field(self):
form = ExampleForm({'name': '', 'password': '123'}) # bound form (field + data)
self.assertEquals('form-control is-invalid', input_class(form['name']))我们创建了一个用于测试的表单类，然后添加了覆盖两个模板标记中可能出现的场景的测试用例。
python manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
................................
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 32 tests in 0.846s
OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...密码重置过程中涉及一些不友好的 URL 模式。但正如我们在前面的教程中讨论的那样，我们并不需要成为正则表达式专家。我们只需要了解常见问题和它们的解决办法。
在我们开始之前另一件重要的事情是，对于密码重置过程，我们需要发送电子邮件。一开始有点复杂，因为我们需要外部服务。目前，我们不会配置生产环境使用的电子邮件服务。实际上，在开发阶段，我们可以使用Django的调试工具检查电子邮件是否正确发送。
这个主意来自于项目开发过程中，而不是发送真实的电子邮件，我们只需要记录它们。我们有两种选择：将所有电子邮件写入文本文件或仅将其显示在控制台中。我发现第二个方式更加方便，因为我们已经在使用控制台来运行开发服务器，并且设置更容易一些。
编辑 settings.py模块并将EMAIL_BACKEND变量添加到文件的末尾。
myproject/settings.py
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'密码重置过程需要四个视图：
- 带有表单的页面，用于启动重置过程；
- 一个成功的页面，表示该过程已启动，指示用户检查其邮件文件夹等；
- 检查通过电子邮件发送token的页面
- 一个告诉用户重置是否成功的页面
这些视图是内置的，我们不需要执行任何操作，我们所需要做的就是将路径添加到 urls.py并且创建模板。
myproject/urls.py (完整代码)
url(r'^reset/$',
auth_views.PasswordResetView.as_view(
template_name='password_reset.html',
email_template_name='password_reset_email.html',
subject_template_name='password_reset_subject.txt'
),
name='password_reset'),
url(r'^reset/done/$',
auth_views.PasswordResetDoneView.as_view(template_name='password_reset_done.html'),
name='password_reset_done'),
url(r'^reset/(?P<uidb64>[0-9A-Za-z_\-]+)/(?P<token>[0-9A-Za-z]{1,13}-[0-9A-Za-z]{1,20})/$',
auth_views.PasswordResetConfirmView.as_view(template_name='password_reset_confirm.html'),
name='password_reset_confirm'),
url(r'^reset/complete/$',
auth_views.PasswordResetCompleteView.as_view(template_name='password_reset_complete.html'),
name='password_reset_complete'),
]在密码重置视图中，template_name参数是可选的。但我认为重新定义它是个好主意，因此视图和模板之间的链接比仅使用默认值更加明显。
在 templates文件夹中，新增如下模板文件
- password_reset.html
- password_reset_email.html:这个模板是发送给用户的电子邮件正文
- password_reset_subject.txt:这个模板是电子邮件的主题行，它应该是单行文件
- password_reset_done.html
- password_reset_confirm.html
- password_reset_complete.html
在我们开始实现模板之前，让我们准备一个新的测试文件。
我们可以添加一些基本的测试，因为这些视图和表单已经在Django代码中进行了测试。我们将只测试我们应用程序的细节。
在accounts/tests 文件夹中创建一个名为 test_view_password_reset.py 的新测试文件。
templates/password_reset.html
{% extends 'base_accounts.html' %}
{% block title %}Reset your password{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-8">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h3 class="card-title">Reset your password</h3>
<p>Enter your email address and we will send you a link to reset your password.</p>
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% include 'includes/form.html' %}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block">Send password reset email</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
accounts/tests/test_view_password_reset.py
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
from django.contrib.auth.forms import PasswordResetForm
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core import mail
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.urls import resolve
from django.test import TestCase
class PasswordResetTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
url = reverse('password_reset')
self.response = self.client.get(url)
def test_status_code(self):
self.assertEquals(self.response.status_code, 200)
def test_view_function(self):
view = resolve('/reset/')
self.assertEquals(view.func.view_class, auth_views.PasswordResetView)
def test_csrf(self):
self.assertContains(self.response, 'csrfmiddlewaretoken')
def test_contains_form(self):
form = self.response.context.get('form')
self.assertIsInstance(form, PasswordResetForm)
def test_form_inputs(self):
'''
The view must contain two inputs: csrf and email
'''
self.assertContains(self.response, '<input', 2)
self.assertContains(self.response, 'type="email"', 1)
class SuccessfulPasswordResetTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
email = 'john@doe.com'
User.objects.create_user(username='john', email=email, password='123abcdef')
url = reverse('password_reset')
self.response = self.client.post(url, {'email': email})
def test_redirection(self):
'''
A valid form submission should redirect the user to `password_reset_done` view
'''
url = reverse('password_reset_done')
self.assertRedirects(self.response, url)
def test_send_password_reset_email(self):
self.assertEqual(1, len(mail.outbox))
class InvalidPasswordResetTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
url = reverse('password_reset')
self.response = self.client.post(url, {'email': 'donotexist@email.com'})
def test_redirection(self):
'''
Even invalid emails in the database should
redirect the user to `password_reset_done` view
'''
url = reverse('password_reset_done')
self.assertRedirects(self.response, url)
def test_no_reset_email_sent(self):
self.assertEqual(0, len(mail.outbox))templates/password_reset_subject.txt
[Django Boards] Please reset your password
templates/password_reset_email.html
Hi there,
Someone asked for a password reset for the email address {{ email }}.
Follow the link below:
{{ protocol }}://{{ domain }}{% url 'password_reset_confirm' uidb64=uid token=token %}
In case you forgot your Django Boards username: {{ user.username }}
If clicking the link above doesn't work, please copy and paste the URL
in a new browser window instead.
If you've received this mail in error, it's likely that another user entered
your email address by mistake while trying to reset a password. If you didn't
initiate the request, you don't need to take any further action and can safely
disregard this email.
Thanks,
The Django Boards Team
我们可以创建一个特定的文件来测试电子邮件。在accounts/tests 文件夹中创建一个名为test_mail_password_reset.py的新文件：
accounts/tests/test_mail_password_reset.py
from django.core import mail
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.urls import reverse
from django.test import TestCase
class PasswordResetMailTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
User.objects.create_user(username='john', email='john@doe.com', password='123')
self.response = self.client.post(reverse('password_reset'), { 'email': 'john@doe.com' })
self.email = mail.outbox[0]
def test_email_subject(self):
self.assertEqual('[Django Boards] Please reset your password', self.email.subject)
def test_email_body(self):
context = self.response.context
token = context.get('token')
uid = context.get('uid')
password_reset_token_url = reverse('password_reset_confirm', kwargs={
'uidb64': uid,
'token': token
})
self.assertIn(password_reset_token_url, self.email.body)
self.assertIn('john', self.email.body)
self.assertIn('john@doe.com', self.email.body)
def test_email_to(self):
self.assertEqual(['john@doe.com',], self.email.to)此测试用例抓取应用程序发送的电子邮件，并检查主题行，正文内容以及发送给谁。
templates/password_reset_done.html
{% extends 'base_accounts.html' %}
{% block title %}Reset your password{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-6 col-sm-8">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h3 class="card-title">Reset your password</h3>
<p>Check your email for a link to reset your password. If it doesn't appear within a few minutes, check your spam folder.</p>
<a href="{% url 'login' %}" class="btn btn-secondary btn-block">Return to log in</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
accounts/tests/test_view_password_reset.py
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.urls import resolve
from django.test import TestCase
class PasswordResetDoneTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
url = reverse('password_reset_done')
self.response = self.client.get(url)
def test_status_code(self):
self.assertEquals(self.response.status_code, 200)
def test_view_function(self):
view = resolve('/reset/done/')
self.assertEquals(view.func.view_class, auth_views.PasswordResetDoneView)templates/password_reset_confirm.html
{% extends 'base_accounts.html' %}
{% block title %}
{% if validlink %}
Change password for {{ form.user.username }}
{% else %}
Reset your password
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-8 col-sm-10">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
{% if validlink %}
<h3 class="card-title">Change password for @{{ form.user.username }}</h3>
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% include 'includes/form.html' %}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block">Change password</button>
</form>
{% else %}
<h3 class="card-title">Reset your password</h3>
<div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
It looks like you clicked on an invalid password reset link. Please try again.
</div>
<a href="{% url 'password_reset' %}" class="btn btn-secondary btn-block">Request a new password reset link</a>
{% endif %}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}这个页面只能通过电子邮件访问，它看起来像这样：http://127.0.0.1:8000/reset/Mw/4po-2b5f2d47c19966e294a1/
在开发阶段，从控制台中的电子邮件获取此链接。
如果链接是有效的：
倘若链接已经被使用：
accounts/tests/test_view_password_reset.py
from django.contrib.auth.tokens import default_token_generator
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
from django.utils.http import urlsafe_base64_encode
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
from django.contrib.auth.forms import SetPasswordForm
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.urls import resolve
from django.test import TestCase
class PasswordResetConfirmTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
user = User.objects.create_user(username='john', email='john@doe.com', password='123abcdef')
'''
create a valid password reset token
based on how django creates the token internally:
https://github.com/django/django/blob/1.11.5/django/contrib/auth/forms.py#L280
'''
self.uid = urlsafe_base64_encode(force_bytes(user.pk)).decode()
self.token = default_token_generator.make_token(user)
url = reverse('password_reset_confirm', kwargs={'uidb64': self.uid, 'token': self.token})
self.response = self.client.get(url, follow=True)
def test_status_code(self):
self.assertEquals(self.response.status_code, 200)
def test_view_function(self):
view = resolve('/reset/{uidb64}/{token}/'.format(uidb64=self.uid, token=self.token))
self.assertEquals(view.func.view_class, auth_views.PasswordResetConfirmView)
def test_csrf(self):
self.assertContains(self.response, 'csrfmiddlewaretoken')
def test_contains_form(self):
form = self.response.context.get('form')
self.assertIsInstance(form, SetPasswordForm)
def test_form_inputs(self):
'''
The view must contain two inputs: csrf and two password fields
'''
self.assertContains(self.response, '<input', 3)
self.assertContains(self.response, 'type="password"', 2)
class InvalidPasswordResetConfirmTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
user = User.objects.create_user(username='john', email='john@doe.com', password='123abcdef')
uid = urlsafe_base64_encode(force_bytes(user.pk)).decode()
token = default_token_generator.make_token(user)
'''
invalidate the token by changing the password
'''
user.set_password('abcdef123')
user.save()
url = reverse('password_reset_confirm', kwargs={'uidb64': uid, 'token': token})
self.response = self.client.get(url)
def test_status_code(self):
self.assertEquals(self.response.status_code, 200)
def test_html(self):
password_reset_url = reverse('password_reset')
self.assertContains(self.response, 'invalid password reset link')
self.assertContains(self.response, 'href="{0}"'.format(password_reset_url))templates/password_reset_complete.html
{% extends 'base_accounts.html' %}
{% block title %}Password changed!{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-8 col-sm-10">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h3 class="card-title">Password changed!</h3>
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
You have successfully changed your password! You may now proceed to log in.
</div>
<a href="{% url 'login' %}" class="btn btn-secondary btn-block">Return to log in</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
accounts/tests/test_view_password_reset.py (view complete file contents)
from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.urls import resolve
from django.test import TestCase
class PasswordResetCompleteTests(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
url = reverse('password_reset_complete')
self.response = self.client.get(url)
def test_status_code(self):
self.assertEquals(self.response.status_code, 200)
def test_view_function(self):
view = resolve('/reset/complete/')
self.assertEquals(view.func.view_class, auth_views.PasswordResetCompleteView)此视图旨在提供给希望更改其密码的登录用户使用。通常，这些表单由三个字段组成：旧密码、新密码、新密码确认。
myproject/urls.py (view complete file contents)
url(r'^settings/password/$', auth_views.PasswordChangeView.as_view(template_name='password_change.html'),
name='password_change'),
url(r'^settings/password/done/$', auth_views.PasswordChangeDoneView.as_view(template_name='password_change_done.html'),
name='password_change_done'),这些视图仅适合登录用户，他们使用名为 @login_required的装饰器，此装饰器可防止非授权用户访问此页面。如果用户没有登录，Django会将他们重定向到登录页面。
现在我们必须在settings.py中定义我们应用程序的登录URL：
myproject/settings.py (view complete file contents)
LOGIN_URL = 'login'
templates/password_change.html
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Change password{% endblock %}
{% block breadcrumb %}
<li class="breadcrumb-item active">Change password</li>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-8 col-sm-10">
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{% include 'includes/form.html' %}
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Change password</button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
{% endblock %}
templates/password_change_done.html
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}Change password successful{% endblock %}
{% block breadcrumb %}
<li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="{% url 'password_change' %}">Change password</a></li>
<li class="breadcrumb-item active">Success</li>
{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
<strong>Success!</strong> Your password has been changed!
</div>
<a href="{% url 'home' %}" class="btn btn-secondary">Return to home page</a>
{% endblock %}
关于密码更改视图，我们可以执行类似的测试用例，就像我们迄今为止所做的那样。创建一个名为test_view_password_change.py的新测试文件。
我将在下面列出新的测试类型。你可以检查我为密码更改视图编写的所有测试，然后单击代码段旁边的查看文正文件内容链接。大部分测试与我们迄今为止所做的相似。我转移到一个外部文件以避免太过于复杂。
accounts/tests/test_view_password_change.py (view complete file contents)
class LoginRequiredPasswordChangeTests(TestCase):
def test_redirection(self):
url = reverse('password_change')
login_url = reverse('login')
response = self.client.get(url)
self.assertRedirects(response, f'{login_url}?next={url}')上面的测试尝试访问password_change视图而不登录。预期的行为是将用户重定向到登录页面。
accounts/tests/test_view_password_change.py (view complete file contents)
class PasswordChangeTestCase(TestCase):
def setUp(self, data={}):
self.user = User.objects.create_user(username='john', email='john@doe.com', password='old_password')
self.url = reverse('password_change')
self.client.login(username='john', password='old_password')
self.response = self.client.post(self.url, data)在这里我们定义了一个名为PasswordChangeTestCase 的新类。它将进行基本的设置，创建用户并向 password_change视图发送一个POST 请求。在下一组测试用例中，我们将使用这个类而不是 TestCase类来测试成功请求和无效请求：
accounts/tests/test_view_password_change.py (view complete file contents)
class SuccessfulPasswordChangeTests(PasswordChangeTestCase):
def setUp(self):
super().setUp({
'old_password': 'old_password',
'new_password1': 'new_password',
'new_password2': 'new_password',
})
def test_redirection(self):
'''
A valid form submission should redirect the user
'''
self.assertRedirects(self.response, reverse('password_change_done'))
def test_password_changed(self):
'''
refresh the user instance from database to get the new password
hash updated by the change password view.
'''
self.user.refresh_from_db()
self.assertTrue(self.user.check_password('new_password'))
def test_user_authentication(self):
'''
Create a new request to an arbitrary page.
The resulting response should now have an `user` to its context, after a successful sign up.
'''
response = self.client.get(reverse('home'))
user = response.context.get('user')
self.assertTrue(user.is_authenticated)
class InvalidPasswordChangeTests(PasswordChangeTestCase):
def test_status_code(self):
'''
An invalid form submission should return to the same page
'''
self.assertEquals(self.response.status_code, 200)
def test_form_errors(self):
form = self.response.context.get('form')
self.assertTrue(form.errors)
def test_didnt_change_password(self):
'''
refresh the user instance from the database to make
sure we have the latest data.
'''
self.user.refresh_from_db()
self.assertTrue(self.user.check_password('old_password'))refresh_from_db()方法确保我们拥有最新的数据状态。它强制Django再次查询数据库以更新数据。考虑到change_password视图会更新数据库中的密码，我们必须这样做。为了查看测试密码是否真的改变了，我们必须从数据库中获取最新的数据。
对于大多数Django应用程序，身份验证是一种非常常见的用例。在本教程中，我们实现了所有重要视图：注册、登录、注销、密码重置和更改密码。现在我们有了一种方法来创建用户并进行身份验证，我们将能够继续开发应用程序和其他视图。
我们仍然需要改进很多关于代码设计的问题：模板文件夹开始变得乱七八糟。 boards 应用测试仍然是混乱的。此外，我们必须开始重构新的主题视图，因为现在我们可以检索登录的用户。我们很快就将做到这一点。
我希望你喜欢本教程系列的第四部分！第五部分将于2017年10月2日下周发布，如果您希望在第五部分结束的时候收到通过，请您订阅我们的邮件列表。
该项目的源代码在GitHub上面可用，项目的当前状态在发布标签v0.4-lw下可以找到。链接如下：
https://github.com/sibtc/django-beginners-guide/tree/v0.4-lw
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