diff --git a/test/run_tests.sh b/test/run_tests.sh
index f60c7e0f72c1..fe2346d358ef 100755
--- a/test/run_tests.sh
+++ b/test/run_tests.sh
@@ -108,6 +108,11 @@ function run_save_tensor_hlo {
   XLA_SAVE_TENSORS_FILE="/tmp/xla_test_save_ir.txt" XLA_SAVE_TENSORS_FMT="hlo" run_test "$@"
 }
 
+function run_pt_xla_debug {
+  echo "Running in save tensor file mode: $@"
+  PT_XLA_DEBUG=1 PT_XLA_DEBUG_FILE="/tmp/pt_xla_debug.txt" run_test "$@"
+}
+
 function run_stablehlo_compile {
   echo "Running in StableHlo Compile mode: $@"
   XLA_STABLEHLO_COMPILE=1 run_test "$@"
@@ -156,6 +161,7 @@ function run_xla_op_tests1 {
   run_test "$CDIR/test_grad_checkpoint.py"
   run_test "$CDIR/test_operations.py" "$@" --verbosity=$VERBOSITY
   run_test_without_functionalization "$CDIR/test_operations.py" "$@" --verbosity=$VERBOSITY
+  run_pt_xla_debug "$CDIR/test_pt_xla_debug.py"
   run_test "$CDIR/test_async_closures.py"
   run_test "$CDIR/test_profiler.py"
   run_test "$CDIR/pjrt/test_runtime.py"
diff --git a/test/test_pt_xla_debug.py b/test/test_pt_xla_debug.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..72bea4e9ffbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_pt_xla_debug.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+import os
+
+import torch
+import torch_xla
+import torch_xla.core.xla_model as xm
+import torch_xla.utils.utils as xu
+import torch_xla.debug.profiler as xp
+import torch_xla.utils.utils as xu
+import torch_xla.distributed.parallel_loader as pl
+import unittest
+
+
+def check_env_flag(name, default=''):
+  return os.getenv(name, default).upper() in ['ON', '1', 'YES', 'TRUE', 'Y']
+
+
+def extract_execution_cause(lines):
+  causes = []
+  for i in range(len(lines)):
+    if 'Execution Cause' in lines[i].decode():
+      causes.append(lines[i + 1].decode())
+  return causes
+
+
+class PtXLADebugTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+  @classmethod
+  def setUpClass(cls):
+    if not check_env_flag('PT_XLA_DEBUG'):
+      assert False, "This test should be run with PT_XLA_DEBUG"
+    cls.debug_file_name = os.getenv('PT_XLA_DEBUG_FILE')
+    if not cls.debug_file_name:
+      assert False, "This test should be run with PT_XLA_DEBUG_FILE"
+    open(cls.debug_file_name, 'w').close()
+
+  def test_user_mark_step(self):
+    device = xm.xla_device()
+    t1 = torch.randn(2, 2, device=device)
+    xm.mark_step()
+    with open(self.debug_file_name, 'rb') as f:
+      lines = f.readlines()
+      causes = extract_execution_cause(lines)
+    self.assertEqual(len(causes), 1)
+    self.assertIn('user mark_step', causes[0])
+    open(self.debug_file_name, 'w').close()
+
+  def test_step_trace(self):
+    device = xm.xla_device()
+    with xp.StepTrace('train_pt_xla_debug'):
+      t1 = torch.randn(2, 2, device=device)
+    with open(self.debug_file_name, 'rb') as f:
+      lines = f.readlines()
+      causes = extract_execution_cause(lines)
+    self.assertEqual(len(causes), 1)
+    self.assertIn('mark_step when exiting a profiler StepTrace region',
+                  causes[0])
+    open(self.debug_file_name, 'w').close()
+
+  def test_dynamo(self):
+    device = xm.xla_device()
+    t1 = torch.randn(2, 2, device=device)
+
+    def toy_program(t1):
+      return t1 + t1
+
+    compiled = torch.compile(toy_program, backend="openxla")
+    res = compiled(t1)
+    with open(self.debug_file_name, 'rb') as f:
+      lines = f.readlines()
+      causes = extract_execution_cause(lines)
+    self.assertEqual(len(causes), 3)
+    self.assertIn('mark_step when dynamo processing input graphs', causes[0])
+    self.assertIn('mark_step when dynamo processing input graphs', causes[1])
+    self.assertIn('dynamo compiles FX graph to HLO', causes[2])
+    open(self.debug_file_name, 'w').close()
+
+  def test_parallel_loader(self):
+    device = xm.xla_device()
+
+    train_dataset_len = 100
+    batch_size = 10
+    train_loader = xu.SampleGenerator(
+        data=(torch.zeros(batch_size, 3, 128,
+                          128), torch.zeros(batch_size, dtype=torch.int64)),
+        sample_count=train_dataset_len // 10)
+
+    train_device_loader = pl.MpDeviceLoader(
+        train_loader,
+        device,
+        loader_prefetch_size=8,
+        device_prefetch_size=4,
+        host_to_device_transfer_threads=1)
+
+    for step, (data, target) in enumerate(train_device_loader):
+      pass
+
+    with open(self.debug_file_name, 'rb') as f:
+      lines = f.readlines()
+      causes = extract_execution_cause(lines)
+    self.assertEqual(len(causes), batch_size + 2)
+    for cause in causes:
+      self.assertIn('mark_step in parallel loader at step end', cause)
+    open(self.debug_file_name, 'w').close()
+
+  def test_print(self):
+    device = xm.xla_device()
+    t1 = torch.randn(2, 2, device=device)
+    print(t1)
+    with open(self.debug_file_name, 'rb') as f:
+      lines = f.readlines()
+      causes = extract_execution_cause(lines)
+    self.assertEqual(len(causes), 1)
+    self.assertIn('user code trying to access tensor value', causes[0])
+    open(self.debug_file_name, 'w').close()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  test = unittest.main()
+  sys.exit(0 if test.result.wasSuccessful() else 1)
diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/debug_util.cpp b/torch_xla/csrc/debug_util.cpp
index 6b6c301b2a1b..ece9ac15ff1c 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/debug_util.cpp
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/debug_util.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <torch/csrc/lazy/python/python_util.h>
 
 #include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -209,4 +210,86 @@ bool DebugUtil::ExperimentEnabled(const std::string& name) {
   return xset->find(name) != xset->end();
 }
 
+// helper function until we move to C++ 20
+static bool endsWith(const std::string& str, const std::string& suffix) {
+  return str.size() >= suffix.size() &&
+         0 == str.compare(str.size() - suffix.size(), suffix.size(), suffix);
+}
+
+void DebugUtil::analyze_graph_execution_python_frame() {
+  static bool is_master_process =
+      (runtime::sys_util::GetEnvInt("PJRT_LOCAL_PROCESS_RANK", 0) == 0);
+  static std::string debug_file_name =
+      runtime::sys_util::GetEnvString("PT_XLA_DEBUG_FILE", "");
+  static std::string debug_output_prefix = "Execution Analysis: ";
+  // TODO: Make this configurable.
+  if (!is_master_process) {
+    return;
+  }
+  std::vector<torch::lazy::SourceLocation> frames =
+      torch::lazy::GetPythonFrames();
+  // python frame must be > 1
+  XLA_CHECK_GE(frames.size(), 1);
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << "\n"
+     << debug_output_prefix
+     << "======================================================================"
+        "=========="
+     << "\n";
+  ss << debug_output_prefix << "Execution Cause\n";
+  if (frames[0].function == "mark_step") {
+    if (frames[1].function == "next" &&
+        endsWith(frames[1].file, "parallel_loader.py")) {
+      ss << debug_output_prefix
+         << "  mark_step in parallel loader at step end\n";
+    } else if (frames[1].function == "__exit__" &&
+               endsWith(frames[1].file, "profiler.py")) {
+      ss << debug_output_prefix
+         << "  mark_step when exiting a profiler StepTrace region\n";
+    } else if ((frames[1].function == "extract_compiled_graph" ||
+                frames[1].function == "extract_internal") &&
+               endsWith(frames[1].file, "dynamo_bridge.py")) {
+      ss << debug_output_prefix
+         << "  mark_step when dynamo processing input graphs\n";
+    } else {
+      ss << debug_output_prefix << "  user mark_step\n";
+    }
+  } else if (frames[0].function == "extract_graph_helper" &&
+             endsWith(frames[0].file, "dynamo_bridge.py")) {
+    ss << debug_output_prefix << "  dynamo compiles FX graph to HLO\n";
+  } else {
+    // TODO(JackCaoG): be more specific about  exeuction caused by printing
+    // tensor or fallback or some weird indexing.
+    ss << debug_output_prefix
+       << "  most likely user code trying to access tensor value before "
+          "mark_step\n";
+  }
+
+  // TODO(JackCaoG): make number of frames printed configurable
+  ss << debug_output_prefix << "Python Frame Triggered Execution: \n";
+  for (auto& location : frames) {
+    ss << debug_output_prefix << "  " << location.function << " ("
+       << location.file << ":" << location.line << ")\n";
+  }
+  ss << debug_output_prefix
+     << "----------------------------------------------------------------------"
+        "----------"
+     << "\n";
+  ss << debug_output_prefix
+     << "======================================================================"
+        "=========="
+     << "\n";
+
+  // TODO(JackCaoG): print more information about the graph that is about to get
+  // executed.
+  if (debug_file_name == "") {
+    // print to stderr by default
+    std::cerr << ss.str();
+  } else {
+    std::ofstream outFile;
+    outFile.open(debug_file_name, std::ios_base::app);
+    outFile << ss.rdbuf();
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace torch_xla
diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/debug_util.h b/torch_xla/csrc/debug_util.h
index 2a687207b280..ce063195d938 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/debug_util.h
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/debug_util.h
@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ class DebugUtil {
                                      absl::Span<const size_t> indices);
 
   static bool ExperimentEnabled(const std::string& name);
+
+  // warning, this function should only be called when a graph execution is
+  // about to happen.
+  static void analyze_graph_execution_python_frame();
 };
 
 }  // namespace torch_xla
diff --git a/torch_xla/csrc/xla_graph_executor.cpp b/torch_xla/csrc/xla_graph_executor.cpp
index 45ed57b1b04c..5e51aec1d3ef 100644
--- a/torch_xla/csrc/xla_graph_executor.cpp
+++ b/torch_xla/csrc/xla_graph_executor.cpp
@@ -1322,6 +1322,9 @@ XLAGraphExecutor::SyncTensorsGraphInternal(
     const SyncTensorsConfig& config, bool warm_up_cache_only) {
   tsl::profiler::TraceMe activity("SyncTensorsGraphInternal",
                                   tsl::profiler::TraceMeLevel::kInfo);
+  if (runtime::sys_util::GetEnvBool("PT_XLA_DEBUG", false)) {
+    DebugUtil::analyze_graph_execution_python_frame();
+  }
   SyncTensorCollection coll = CollectSyncTensors(*tensors, config);
   if (coll.indices.empty()) {
     // Enure previous execution is complete before exiting this