adapter.py

"""Util function for provider."""

import warnings
from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
from math import inf, pi
from typing import Optional, Union

import braket.circuits.gates as braket_gates
import qiskit.circuit.library as qiskit_gates
from braket.aws import AwsDevice
from braket.circuits import (
    Circuit,
    FreeParameter,
    FreeParameterExpression,
    Instruction,
    measure,
)
from braket.device_schema import (
    DeviceActionType,
    DeviceCapabilities,
    OpenQASMDeviceActionProperties,
)
from braket.device_schema.ionq import IonqDeviceCapabilities
from braket.device_schema.iqm import IqmDeviceCapabilities
from braket.device_schema.oqc import OqcDeviceCapabilities
from braket.device_schema.rigetti import (
    RigettiDeviceCapabilities,
    RigettiDeviceCapabilitiesV2,
)
from braket.device_schema.simulators import GateModelSimulatorDeviceCapabilities
from braket.devices import LocalSimulator
from braket.ir.openqasm.modifiers import Control
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit, transpile
from qiskit.circuit import ControlledGate
from qiskit.circuit import Instruction as QiskitInstruction
from qiskit.circuit import Measure, Parameter, ParameterExpression
from qiskit.circuit.parametervector import ParameterVectorElement
from qiskit.transpiler import Target
from qiskit_ionq import add_equivalences, ionq_gates

from qiskit_braket_provider.exception import QiskitBraketException

add_equivalences()

_GPHASE_GATE_NAME = "global_phase"

_BRAKET_TO_QISKIT_NAMES = {
    "u": "u",
    "phaseshift": "p",
    "cnot": "cx",
    "x": "x",
    "y": "y",
    "z": "z",
    "t": "t",
    "ti": "tdg",
    "s": "s",
    "si": "sdg",
    "v": "sx",
    "vi": "sxdg",
    "swap": "swap",
    "rx": "rx",
    "ry": "ry",
    "rz": "rz",
    "xx": "rxx",
    "yy": "ryy",
    "zz": "rzz",
    "i": "id",
    "h": "h",
    "cy": "cy",
    "cz": "cz",
    "ccnot": "ccx",
    "cswap": "cswap",
    "cphaseshift": "cp",
    "ecr": "ecr",
    "prx": "r",
    "gpi": "gpi",
    "gpi2": "gpi2",
    "ms": "ms",
    "gphase": _GPHASE_GATE_NAME,
}

_CONTROLLED_GATES_BY_QUBIT_COUNT = {
    1: {
        "ch": "h",
        "cs": "s",
        "csdg": "sdg",
        "csx": "sx",
        "crx": "rx",
        "cry": "ry",
        "crz": "rz",
        "ccz": "cz",
    },
    3: {"c3sx": "sx"},
    inf: {"mcx": "cx"},
}

_ADDITIONAL_U_GATES = {"u1", "u2", "u3"}

_EPS = 1e-10  # global variable used to chop very small numbers to zero

_GATE_NAME_TO_BRAKET_GATE: dict[str, Callable] = {
    "u1": lambda lam: [braket_gates.U(0, 0, lam)],
    "u2": lambda phi, lam: [braket_gates.U(pi / 2, phi, lam)],
    "u3": lambda theta, phi, lam: [braket_gates.U(theta, phi, lam)],
    "u": lambda theta, phi, lam: [braket_gates.U(theta, phi, lam)],
    "p": lambda angle: [braket_gates.PhaseShift(angle)],
    "cp": lambda angle: [braket_gates.CPhaseShift(angle)],
    "cx": lambda: [braket_gates.CNot()],
    "x": lambda: [braket_gates.X()],
    "y": lambda: [braket_gates.Y()],
    "z": lambda: [braket_gates.Z()],
    "t": lambda: [braket_gates.T()],
    "tdg": lambda: [braket_gates.Ti()],
    "s": lambda: [braket_gates.S()],
    "sdg": lambda: [braket_gates.Si()],
    "sx": lambda: [braket_gates.V()],
    "sxdg": lambda: [braket_gates.Vi()],
    "swap": lambda: [braket_gates.Swap()],
    "rx": lambda angle: [braket_gates.Rx(angle)],
    "ry": lambda angle: [braket_gates.Ry(angle)],
    "rz": lambda angle: [braket_gates.Rz(angle)],
    "rzz": lambda angle: [braket_gates.ZZ(angle)],
    "id": lambda: [braket_gates.I()],
    "h": lambda: [braket_gates.H()],
    "cy": lambda: [braket_gates.CY()],
    "cz": lambda: [braket_gates.CZ()],
    "ccx": lambda: [braket_gates.CCNot()],
    "cswap": lambda: [braket_gates.CSwap()],
    "rxx": lambda angle: [braket_gates.XX(angle)],
    "ryy": lambda angle: [braket_gates.YY(angle)],
    "ecr": lambda: [braket_gates.ECR()],
    "iswap": lambda: [braket_gates.ISwap()],
    "r": lambda angle_1, angle_2: [braket_gates.PRx(angle_1, angle_2)],
    # IonQ gates
    "gpi": lambda turns: [braket_gates.GPi(2 * pi * turns)],
    "gpi2": lambda turns: [braket_gates.GPi2(2 * pi * turns)],
    "ms": lambda turns_1, turns_2, turns_3: [
        braket_gates.MS(2 * pi * turns_1, 2 * pi * turns_2, 2 * pi * turns_3)
    ],
    "zz": lambda angle: [braket_gates.ZZ(2 * pi * angle)],
    # Global phase
    _GPHASE_GATE_NAME: lambda phase: [braket_gates.GPhase(phase)],
}

_QISKIT_CONTROLLED_GATE_NAMES_TO_BRAKET_GATES: dict[str, Callable] = {
    controlled_gate: _GATE_NAME_TO_BRAKET_GATE[base_gate]
    for gate_map in _CONTROLLED_GATES_BY_QUBIT_COUNT.values()
    for controlled_gate, base_gate in gate_map.items()
}

_TRANSLATABLE_QISKIT_GATE_NAMES = (
    set(_GATE_NAME_TO_BRAKET_GATE.keys())
    .union(set(_QISKIT_CONTROLLED_GATE_NAMES_TO_BRAKET_GATES))
    .union({"measure", "barrier", "reset"})
)

_GATE_NAME_TO_QISKIT_GATE: dict[str, Optional[QiskitInstruction]] = {
    "u": qiskit_gates.UGate(Parameter("theta"), Parameter("phi"), Parameter("lam")),
    "u1": qiskit_gates.U1Gate(Parameter("theta")),
    "u2": qiskit_gates.U2Gate(Parameter("theta"), Parameter("lam")),
    "u3": qiskit_gates.U3Gate(Parameter("theta"), Parameter("phi"), Parameter("lam")),
    "h": qiskit_gates.HGate(),
    "ccnot": qiskit_gates.CCXGate(),
    "cnot": qiskit_gates.CXGate(),
    "cphaseshift": qiskit_gates.CPhaseGate(Parameter("theta")),
    "cswap": qiskit_gates.CSwapGate(),
    "cy": qiskit_gates.CYGate(),
    "cz": qiskit_gates.CZGate(),
    "i": qiskit_gates.IGate(),
    "phaseshift": qiskit_gates.PhaseGate(Parameter("theta")),
    "rx": qiskit_gates.RXGate(Parameter("theta")),
    "ry": qiskit_gates.RYGate(Parameter("theta")),
    "rz": qiskit_gates.RZGate(Parameter("phi")),
    "s": qiskit_gates.SGate(),
    "si": qiskit_gates.SdgGate(),
    "swap": qiskit_gates.SwapGate(),
    "t": qiskit_gates.TGate(),
    "ti": qiskit_gates.TdgGate(),
    "v": qiskit_gates.SXGate(),
    "vi": qiskit_gates.SXdgGate(),
    "x": qiskit_gates.XGate(),
    "xx": qiskit_gates.RXXGate(Parameter("theta")),
    "y": qiskit_gates.YGate(),
    "yy": qiskit_gates.RYYGate(Parameter("theta")),
    "z": qiskit_gates.ZGate(),
    "zz": qiskit_gates.RZZGate(Parameter("theta")),
    "ecr": qiskit_gates.ECRGate(),
    "prx": qiskit_gates.RGate(Parameter("theta"), Parameter("phi")),
    "iswap": qiskit_gates.iSwapGate(),
    "gpi": ionq_gates.GPIGate(Parameter("phi") / (2 * pi)),
    "gpi2": ionq_gates.GPI2Gate(Parameter("phi") / (2 * pi)),
    "ms": ionq_gates.MSGate(
        Parameter("phi0") / (2 * pi),
        Parameter("phi1") / (2 * pi),
        Parameter("theta") / (2 * pi),
    ),
    "gphase": qiskit_gates.GlobalPhaseGate(Parameter("theta")),
    "measure": qiskit_gates.Measure(),
}


def native_gate_connectivity(
    properties: DeviceCapabilities,
) -> Optional[list[list[int]]]:
    """Returns the connectivity natively supported by a Braket device from its properties

    Args:
        properties (DeviceCapabilities): The device properties of the Braket device.

    Returns:
        Optional[list[list[int]]]: A list of connected qubit pairs or `None` if the device is fully
            connected.
    """
    device_connectivity = properties.paradigm.connectivity
    connectivity = (
        [
            [int(x), int(y)]
            for x, neighborhood in device_connectivity.connectivityGraph.items()
            for y in neighborhood
        ]
        if not device_connectivity.fullyConnected
        else None
    )
    return connectivity


def native_gate_set(properties: DeviceCapabilities) -> set[str]:
    """Returns the gate set natively supported by a Braket device from its properties

    Args:
        properties (DeviceCapabilities): The device properties of the Braket device.

    Returns:
        set[str]: The names of qiskit gates natively supported by the Braket device.
    """
    native_list = properties.paradigm.nativeGateSet
    return {
        _BRAKET_TO_QISKIT_NAMES[op.lower()]
        for op in native_list
        if op.lower() in _BRAKET_TO_QISKIT_NAMES
    }


def gateset_from_properties(properties: OpenQASMDeviceActionProperties) -> set[str]:
    """Returns the gateset supported by a Braket device with the given properties

    Args:
        properties (OpenQASMDeviceActionProperties): The action properties of the Braket device.

    Returns:
        set[str]: The names of the gates supported by the device
    """
    gateset = {
        _BRAKET_TO_QISKIT_NAMES[op.lower()]
        for op in properties.supportedOperations
        if op.lower() in _BRAKET_TO_QISKIT_NAMES
    }
    if "u" in gateset:
        gateset.update(_ADDITIONAL_U_GATES)
    max_control = 0
    for modifier in properties.supportedModifiers:
        if isinstance(modifier, Control):
            max_control = modifier.max_qubits
            break
    return gateset.union(_get_controlled_gateset(gateset, max_control))


def _get_controlled_gateset(
    base_gateset: set[str], max_qubits: Optional[int] = None
) -> set[str]:
    """Returns the Qiskit gates expressible as controlled versions of existing Braket gates

    This set can be filtered by the maximum number of control qubits.

    Args:
        base_gateset (set[str]): The base (without control modifiers) gates supported
        max_qubits (Optional[int]): The maximum number of control qubits that can be used to express
            the Qiskit gate as a controlled Braket gate. If `None`, then there is no limit to the
            number of control qubits. Default: `None`.

    Returns:
        set[str]: The names of the controlled gates.
    """
    max_control = max_qubits if max_qubits is not None else inf
    return {
        controlled_gate
        for control_count, gate_map in _CONTROLLED_GATES_BY_QUBIT_COUNT.items()
        for controlled_gate, base_gate in gate_map.items()
        if control_count <= max_control and base_gate in base_gateset
    }


def local_simulator_to_target(simulator: LocalSimulator) -> Target:
    """Converts properties of a Braket LocalSimulator into a Qiskit Target object.

    Args:
        simulator (LocalSimulator): Amazon Braket LocalSimulator

    Returns:
        Target: Target for Qiskit backend
    """
    return _simulator_target(
        f"Target for Amazon Braket local simulator: {simulator.name}",
        simulator.properties,
    )


def aws_device_to_target(device: AwsDevice) -> Target:
    """Converts properties of Braket AwsDevice into a Qiskit Target object.

    Args:
        device (AwsDevice): Amazon Braket AwsDevice

    Returns:
        Target: Target for Qiskit backend
    """
    properties = device.properties
    if isinstance(properties, GateModelSimulatorDeviceCapabilities):
        return _simulator_target(
            f"Target for Amazon Braket simulator: {device.name}", properties
        )
    elif isinstance(
        properties,
        (
            IonqDeviceCapabilities,
            RigettiDeviceCapabilities,
            RigettiDeviceCapabilitiesV2,
            OqcDeviceCapabilities,
            IqmDeviceCapabilities,
        ),
    ):
        return _qpu_target(f"Target for Amazon Braket QPU: {device.name}", properties)

    raise QiskitBraketException(
        f"Cannot convert to target. "
        f"{properties.__class__} device capabilities are not supported yet."
    )


def _simulator_target(
    description: str, properties: GateModelSimulatorDeviceCapabilities
):
    target = Target(description=description, num_qubits=properties.paradigm.qubitCount)
    action = (
        properties.action.get(DeviceActionType.OPENQASM)
        if properties.action.get(DeviceActionType.OPENQASM)
        else properties.action.get(DeviceActionType.JAQCD)
    )
    for operation in action.supportedOperations:
        instruction = _GATE_NAME_TO_QISKIT_GATE.get(operation.lower(), None)
        if instruction:
            target.add_instruction(instruction)
    target.add_instruction(Measure())
    return target


def _qpu_target(
    description: str,
    properties: Union[
        IonqDeviceCapabilities,
        RigettiDeviceCapabilities,
        RigettiDeviceCapabilitiesV2,
        OqcDeviceCapabilities,
        IqmDeviceCapabilities,
    ],
):
    qubit_count = properties.paradigm.qubitCount
    target = Target(description=description, num_qubits=qubit_count)
    action_properties = (
        properties.action.get(DeviceActionType.OPENQASM)
        if properties.action.get(DeviceActionType.OPENQASM)
        else properties.action.get(DeviceActionType.JAQCD)
    )
    connectivity = properties.paradigm.connectivity
    connectivity_graph = (
        _contiguous_qubit_indices(connectivity.connectivityGraph)
        if not connectivity.fullyConnected
        else None
    )

    for operation in action_properties.supportedOperations:
        instruction = _GATE_NAME_TO_QISKIT_GATE.get(operation.lower(), None)

        # TODO: Add 3+ qubit gates once Target supports them  # pylint:disable=fixme
        if instruction and instruction.num_qubits <= 2:
            if instruction.num_qubits == 1:
                target.add_instruction(
                    instruction, {(i,): None for i in range(qubit_count)}
                )
            elif instruction.num_qubits == 2:
                target.add_instruction(
                    instruction,
                    _2q_instruction_properties(qubit_count, connectivity_graph),
                )

    target.add_instruction(Measure(), {(i,): None for i in range(qubit_count)})
    return target


def _2q_instruction_properties(qubit_count, connectivity_graph):
    instruction_props = {}

    # building coupling map for fully connected device
    if not connectivity_graph:
        for src in range(qubit_count):
            for dst in range(qubit_count):
                if src != dst:
                    instruction_props[(src, dst)] = None
                    instruction_props[(dst, src)] = None

    # building coupling map for device with connectivity graph
    else:
        for src, connections in connectivity_graph.items():
            for dst in connections:
                instruction_props[(int(src), int(dst))] = None

    return instruction_props


def _contiguous_qubit_indices(connectivity_graph: dict) -> dict:
    """Device qubit indices may be noncontiguous (label between x0 and x7, x being
    the number of the octagon) while the Qiskit transpiler creates and/or
    handles coupling maps with contiguous indices. This function converts the
    noncontiguous connectivity graph from Aspen to a contiguous one.

    Args:
        connectivity_graph (dict): connectivity graph from Aspen. For example
            4 qubit system, the connectivity graph will be:
                {"0": ["1", "2", "7"], "1": ["0","2","7"], "2": ["0","1","7"],
                "7": ["0","1","2"]}

    Returns:
        dict: Connectivity graph with contiguous indices. For example for an
        input connectivity graph with noncontiguous indices (qubit 0, 1, 2 and
        then qubit 7) as shown here:
            {"0": ["1", "2", "7"], "1": ["0","2","7"], "2": ["0","1","7"],
            "7": ["0","1","2"]}
        the qubit index 7 will be mapped to qubit index 3 for the qiskit
        transpilation step. Thereby the resultant contiguous qubit indices
        output will be:
            {"0": ["1", "2", "3"], "1": ["0","2","3"], "2": ["0","1","3"],
            "3": ["0","1","2"]}
    """
    # Creates list of existing qubit indices which are noncontiguous.
    indices = sorted(
        int(i)
        for i in set.union(*[{k} | set(v) for k, v in connectivity_graph.items()])
    )
    # Creates a list of contiguous indices for number of qubits.
    map_list = list(range(len(indices)))
    # Creates a dictionary to remap the noncontiguous indices to contiguous.
    mapper = dict(zip(indices, map_list))
    # Performs the remapping from the noncontiguous to the contiguous indices.
    contiguous_connectivity_graph = {
        mapper[int(k)]: [mapper[int(v)] for v in val]
        for k, val in connectivity_graph.items()
    }
    return contiguous_connectivity_graph


def to_braket(
    circuit: QuantumCircuit,
    basis_gates: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
    verbatim: bool = False,
    connectivity: Optional[list[list[int]]] = None,
) -> Circuit:
    """Return a Braket quantum circuit from a Qiskit quantum circuit.

    Args:
        circuit (QuantumCircuit): Qiskit quantum circuit
        basis_gates (Optional[Iterable[str]]): The gateset to transpile to.
            If `None`, the transpiler will use all gates defined in the Braket SDK.
            Default: `None`.
        verbatim (bool): Whether to translate the circuit without any modification, in other
            words without transpiling it. Default: False.
        connectivity (Optional[list[list[int]]): If provided, will transpile to a circuit
            with this connectivity. Default: `None`.

    Returns:
        Circuit: Braket circuit
    """
    if not isinstance(circuit, QuantumCircuit):
        raise TypeError(f"Expected a QuantumCircuit, got {type(circuit)} instead.")

    basis_gates = set(basis_gates or _TRANSLATABLE_QISKIT_GATE_NAMES)

    braket_circuit = Circuit()
    needs_transpilation = connectivity or not {
        gate.name for gate, _, _ in circuit.data
    }.issubset(basis_gates)
    if not verbatim and needs_transpilation:
        circuit = transpile(
            circuit,
            basis_gates=basis_gates,
            coupling_map=connectivity,
            optimization_level=0,
        )

    # Verify that ParameterVector would not collide with scalar variables after renaming.
    _validate_name_conflicts(circuit.parameters)

    # Handle qiskit to braket conversion
    measured_qubits: dict[int, int] = {}
    for circuit_instruction in circuit.data:
        operation = circuit_instruction.operation
        gate_name = operation.name

        qubits = circuit_instruction.qubits

        if gate_name == "measure":
            qubit = qubits[0]  # qubit count = 1 for measure
            qubit_index = circuit.find_bit(qubit).index
            if qubit_index in measured_qubits.values():
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Cannot measure previously measured qubit {qubit_index}"
                )
            clbit = circuit.find_bit(circuit_instruction.clbits[0]).index
            measured_qubits[clbit] = qubit_index
        elif gate_name == "barrier":
            warnings.warn(
                "The Qiskit circuit contains barrier instructions that are ignored."
            )
        elif gate_name == "reset":
            raise NotImplementedError(
                "reset operation not supported by qiskit to braket adapter"
            )
        else:
            if (
                isinstance(operation, ControlledGate)
                and operation.ctrl_state != 2**operation.num_ctrl_qubits - 1
            ):
                raise ValueError("Negative control is not supported")

            # Getting the index from the bit mapping
            qubit_indices = [circuit.find_bit(qubit).index for qubit in qubits]
            if intersection := set(measured_qubits.values()).intersection(
                qubit_indices
            ):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Cannot apply operation {gate_name} to measured qubits {intersection}"
                )
            params = _create_free_parameters(operation)
            if gate_name in _QISKIT_CONTROLLED_GATE_NAMES_TO_BRAKET_GATES:
                for gate in _QISKIT_CONTROLLED_GATE_NAMES_TO_BRAKET_GATES[gate_name](
                    *params
                ):
                    gate_qubit_count = gate.qubit_count
                    braket_circuit += Instruction(
                        operator=gate,
                        target=qubit_indices[-gate_qubit_count:],
                        control=qubit_indices[:-gate_qubit_count],
                    )
            else:
                for gate in _GATE_NAME_TO_BRAKET_GATE[gate_name](*params):
                    braket_circuit += Instruction(
                        operator=gate,
                        target=qubit_indices,
                    )

    global_phase = circuit.global_phase
    if abs(global_phase) > _EPS:
        if _GPHASE_GATE_NAME in basis_gates:
            braket_circuit.gphase(global_phase)
        else:
            warnings.warn(
                f"Device does not support global phase; "
                f"global phase of {global_phase} will not be included in Braket circuit"
            )

    if verbatim:
        braket_circuit = Circuit(braket_circuit.result_types).add_verbatim_box(
            Circuit(braket_circuit.instructions)
        )

    for clbit in sorted(measured_qubits):
        braket_circuit.measure(measured_qubits[clbit])

    return braket_circuit


def _create_free_parameters(operation):
    params = operation.params if hasattr(operation, "params") else []
    for i, param in enumerate(params):
        if isinstance(param, ParameterVectorElement):
            renamed_param_name = _rename_param_vector_element(param)
            params[i] = FreeParameter(renamed_param_name)
        elif isinstance(param, Parameter):
            params[i] = FreeParameter(param.name)
        elif isinstance(param, ParameterExpression):
            renamed_param_name = _rename_param_vector_element(param)
            params[i] = FreeParameterExpression(renamed_param_name)

    return params


def _rename_param_vector_element(parameter):
    return str(parameter).replace("[", "_").replace("]", "")


def _validate_name_conflicts(parameters):
    renamed_parameters = {_rename_param_vector_element(param) for param in parameters}
    if len(renamed_parameters) != len(parameters):
        raise ValueError(
            "ParameterVector elements are renamed from v[i] to v_i, which resulted "
            "in a conflict with another parameter. Please rename your parameters."
        )


def to_qiskit(circuit: Circuit) -> QuantumCircuit:
    """Return a Qiskit quantum circuit from a Braket quantum circuit.

    Args:
        circuit (Circuit): Braket quantum circuit

    Returns:
        QuantumCircuit: Qiskit quantum circuit
    """
    if not isinstance(circuit, Circuit):
        raise TypeError(f"Expected a Circuit, got {type(circuit)} instead.")

    num_measurements = sum(
        isinstance(instr.operator, measure.Measure) for instr in circuit.instructions
    )
    qiskit_circuit = QuantumCircuit(circuit.qubit_count, num_measurements)
    qubit_map = {
        int(qubit): index for index, qubit in enumerate(sorted(circuit.qubits))
    }
    dict_param = {}
    cbit = 0
    for instruction in circuit.instructions:
        gate_name = instruction.operator.name.lower()
        gate_params = []
        if hasattr(instruction.operator, "parameters"):
            for value in instruction.operator.parameters:
                if isinstance(value, FreeParameter):
                    if value.name not in dict_param:
                        dict_param[value.name] = Parameter(value.name)
                    gate_params.append(dict_param[value.name])
                else:
                    gate_params.append(value)

        gate = _create_qiskit_gate(gate_name, gate_params)

        if instruction.power != 1:
            gate = gate**instruction.power
        if control_qubits := instruction.control:
            ctrl_state = instruction.control_state.as_string[::-1]
            gate = gate.control(len(control_qubits), ctrl_state=ctrl_state)

        target = [qiskit_circuit.qubits[qubit_map[i]] for i in control_qubits]
        target += [qiskit_circuit.qubits[qubit_map[i]] for i in instruction.target]

        if gate_name == "measure":
            qiskit_circuit.append(gate, target, [cbit])
            cbit += 1
        else:
            qiskit_circuit.append(gate, target)
    if num_measurements == 0:
        qiskit_circuit.measure_all()
    return qiskit_circuit


def _create_qiskit_gate(
    gate_name: str, gate_params: list[Union[float, Parameter]]
) -> Instruction:
    gate_instance = _GATE_NAME_TO_QISKIT_GATE.get(gate_name, None)
    if gate_instance is None:
        raise TypeError(f'Braket gate "{gate_name}" not supported in Qiskit')
    gate_cls = gate_instance.__class__
    new_gate_params = []
    for param_expression, value in zip(gate_instance.params, gate_params):
        # Assumes that each Qiskit gate has one free parameter per expression
        param = list(param_expression.parameters)[0]
        assigned = param_expression.assign(param, value)
        new_gate_params.append(assigned)
    return gate_cls(*new_gate_params)


def convert_qiskit_to_braket_circuit(circuit: QuantumCircuit) -> Circuit:
    """Return a Braket quantum circuit from a Qiskit quantum circuit.

    Args:
        circuit (QuantumCircuit): Qiskit Quantum Cricuit

    Returns:
        Circuit: Braket circuit
    """
    warnings.warn(
        "convert_qiskit_to_braket_circuit() is deprecated and "
        "will be removed in a future release. "
        "Use to_braket() instead.",
        DeprecationWarning,
    )
    return to_braket(circuit)


def convert_qiskit_to_braket_circuits(
    circuits: list[QuantumCircuit],
) -> Iterable[Circuit]:
    """Converts all Qiskit circuits to Braket circuits.

    Args:
        circuits (List(QuantumCircuit)): Qiskit quantum circuit

    Returns:
        Iterable[Circuit]: Braket circuit
    """
    warnings.warn(
        "convert_qiskit_to_braket_circuits() is deprecated and "
        "will be removed in a future release. "
        "Use to_braket() instead.",
        DeprecationWarning,
    )
    for circuit in circuits:
        yield to_braket(circuit)