Multipart vowel
-A two-part vowel associated with a consonant cluster appears before and after the whole cluster, whether it is conjoined or stacked. This is a reminder that vowel signs are applied to the orthographic syllable, rather than to a single letter. In fig_vs_conjoined this actually extends across a word boundary, since the last and first letters of the adjoining words form a conjunct cluster. This means that the pre-base part of the vowel sign appears to be within the previous word.
+A two-part vowel associated with a consonant cluster appears before and after the whole cluster, whether it is conjoined or stacked. This is a reminder that vowel signs are applied to the orthographic syllable, rather than to a single letter. In fig_composite_word_break this actually extends across a word boundary, since the last and first letters of the adjoining words form a conjunct cluster. This means that the pre-base part of the vowel sign appears to be within the previous word.
+The left-hand column contains basic Javanese consonant letters and consonants using the cecak telu; the right-hand column contains murda and mahaprana letters.
| General: | -|||
|---|---|---|---|
| phrase | -U+0020 SPACE - - |
+ 0020 +A9C8 +A9C7 |
|
| sentence | -꧉ [U+A9C9 JAVANESE PADA LUNGSI] -꧈ [U+A9C8 JAVANESE PADA LINGSA] after ◌꧀ [U+A9C0 JAVANESE PANGKON] |
+ A9C9 +A9C8 after A9C0 |
|
| paragraph | -꧋ [U+A9CB JAVANESE PADA ADEG ADEG] | +A9CB | |
| section | @@ -2789,16 +2789,17 @@|||
| general divider | -꧊ [U+A9CA JAVANESE PADA ADEG] | +A9CA |
@@ -2770,18 +2770,18 @@ If the final word in a phrase ends with ◌꧀ [U+A9C0 JAVANESE PANGKON], a space alone is sufficient to indicate a phrase boundary. Otherwise, ꧈ [U+A9C8 JAVANESE PADA LINGSA] is used.
-꧇ [U+A9C7 JAVANESE PADA PANGKAT] is equivalent to a colon.
-The sequence ꧀꧈ [U+A9C0 JAVANESE PANGKON + U+A9C8 JAVANESE PADA LINGSA] indicates a sentence boundary. If there is no pangkon, ꧉ [U+A9C9 JAVANESE PADA LUNGSI] is used.
+If the final word in a phrase ends with A9C0, a space alone is sufficient to indicate a phrase boundary. Otherwise, A9C8 is used.
+A9C7 is equivalent to a colon.
+ +The sequence A9C0 A9C8 indicates a sentence boundary. If there is no pangkon, A9C9 is used.
All of the above punctuation marks are optionally followed by a space, if they occur inside a paragraph.
-A paragraph and or a section typically begins with ꧋ [U+A9CB JAVANESE PADA ADEG ADEG]. This punctutation is also used before other short runs of text, such as subtitles, list items, etc.
-꧊ [U+A9CA JAVANESE PADA ADEG] is a general divider. See also quotations.
+A paragraph and or a section typically begins with A9CB. This punctutation is also used before other short runs of text, such as subtitles, list items, etc.
+A9CA is a general divider. See also quotations.
@@ -2815,9 +2816,9 @@ Letters
Letters may begin with ꧋꧆꧋ if the writer doesn't want to indicate a distinction regarding age or rank between themselves and the reader. Otherwise, for more formal letters, they can choose one of three alternatives provided as single characters in the Javanese Unicode block.
-
-
- ꧅ [U+A9C5 JAVANESE PADA LUHUR] is used for letters to people of greater age or higher rank, -
- ꧄ [U+A9C4 JAVANESE PADA MADYA] for people of equal age/rank, and -
- ꧃ [U+A9C3 JAVANESE PADA ANDAP] for people of lower age/rank. +
- A9C5 is used for letters to people of greater age or higher rank, +
- A9C4 for people of equal age/rank, and +
- A9C3 for people of lower age/rank. The difference between these three is the height of the swash to the far left.
The end of a letter can be signaled using ꧉꧆꧉ This combination may also involve just ꧆꧉or may be repeated with spaces between to fill the linee, eg.
@@ -2830,7 +2831,7 @@
Letters
Poetry
In poetry ꧅ꦧ꧀ꦖ꧅ or ꧅ꦧ꧀ꦕ꧅ (purwapada) introduces a poem; ꧅ꦟ꧀ꦢꦿ꧅ (madyapada) introduces a new song within a poem; and ꧅ꦆ꧅ (wasanapada) indicates the end of a poem.
-Optionally, ꧉ [U+A9C9 JAVANESE PADA LUNGSI] can be added to the above with some space around it. The spaces should be non-breaking, since there should be no line-breaks between the constituent partse, eg.
+
Optionally, A9C9 can be added to the above with some space around it. The spaces should be non-breaking, since there should be no line-breaks between the constituent partse, eg.
꧅ ꧉ ꦧ꧀ꦖ ꧉ ꧅
Bracketed text
A9CA
A9CA
A9CC
A9CD
Typically a pair of ꧊ [U+A9CA JAVANESE PADA ADEG] characters are used.
-Alternatively, the pair of characters ꧌ [U+A9CC JAVANESE PADA PISELEH] and ꧍ [U+A9CD JAVANESE TURNED PADA PISELEH] may be used.
+Typically a pair of A9CA characters are used.
+Alternatively, the pair of characters A9CC and A9CD may be used.
@@ -2887,7 +2888,7 @@Quotations & citations
As for parentheses, Javanese text may use ꧊ [U+A9CA JAVANESE PADA ADEG] for quotation marks.
+As for parentheses, Javanese text may use A9CA for quotation marks.
| top level | -- | + | A9CA |
+A9CA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| alternative | -- | + | A9CC |
+A9CD |
Alternatively, the pair of characters ꧌ [U+A9CC JAVANESE PADA PISELEH] and ꧍ [U+A9CD JAVANESE TURNED PADA PISELEH] may be used.
+Alternatively, the pair of characters A9CC and A9CD may be used.
@@ -2922,8 +2923,8 @@Emphasis
To draw attention to text Javanese may use the same characters as are used for parentheses and quotations, ie. a paired set of ꧊ [U+A9CA JAVANESE PADA ADEG] characters around the relevant text, or the two characters ꧌ [U+A9CC JAVANESE PADA PISELEH] and ꧍ [U+A9CD JAVANESE TURNED PADA PISELEH] can be used similarly.
-Sometimes just ꧌ [U+A9CC JAVANESE PADA PISELEH] is repeated.
+To draw attention to text Javanese may use the same characters as are used for parentheses and quotations, ie. a paired set of A9CA characters around the relevant text, or the two characters A9CC and A9CD can be used similarly.
+Sometimes just A9CC is repeated.
@@ -2939,7 +2940,7 @@Abbreviation, ellipsis & repetition
Abbreviation
-According to Everson ꧈ [U+A9C8 JAVANESE PADA LINGSA] is used for acronyms, eg. ꧈ꦢꦺ꧈ꦲ꧈ꦌꦭ꧀꧈
+According to Everson A9C8 is used for acronyms, eg. ꧈ꦢꦺ꧈ꦲ꧈ꦌꦭ꧀꧈
It is also used after initials in a name,e eg. ꦫ꧈ꦩ꧈ꦯꦸꦭꦂꦠ
Abbreviation
Repetition
-A repeated syllable can be represented by ꧏ [U+A9CF JAVANESE PANGRANGKEP], which is derived from the arabic-indic digit for 2, eg. ꦧꦸꦏꦸꧏ buku-buku books It can be transcribed as buku2.
+A repeated syllable can be represented by A9CF, which is derived from the arabic-indic digit for 2, eg. ꦧꦸꦏꦸꧏ buku-buku books It can be transcribed as buku2.
-For 'ditto' marks in vertical lists, Javanese uses ꧉ [U+A9C9 JAVANESE PADA LUNGSI] .
+For 'ditto' marks in vertical lists, Javanese uses A9C9 .
Inline notes & annotations
Correction marks
-According to Wikipedia ꧟ [U+A9DF JAVANESE PADA ISEN-ISEN] is used in handwriting to indicate a correction in Yogyakarta, eg. where a scribe wanted to write pada luhur but actually wrote pada wu.. they would use this mark as follows: ꦥꦢꦮꦸ꧟꧟꧟ꦭꦸꦲꦸꦂ
-In Yogyakarta they would use the character ꧞ [U+A9DE JAVANESE PADA TIRTA TUMETES] instead.
+According to Wikipedia A9DF is used in handwriting to indicate a correction in Yogyakarta, eg. where a scribe wanted to write pada luhur but actually wrote pada wu.. they would use this mark as follows: ꦥꦢꦮꦸ꧟꧟꧟ꦭꦸꦲꦸꦂ
+In Yogyakarta they would use the character A9DE instead.
Line breaking & hyphenation
Because there are no spaces between words, and because the end of one word and the beginning of another often form conjuncts (see fig_pangandika), Javanese doesn't wrap at word boundaries. Instead, it wraps at syllable boundaries where no conjuncts are involved.
-Unfortunately, modern browsers are often unable to detect appropriate break points for Javanese. In the sample text at the beginning of this page 
[U+200B ZERO WIDTH SPACE] is used at places where the line could be broken. Otherwise, the line would continue, unbroken off the right side of the page.
Unfortunately, modern browsers are often unable to detect appropriate break points for Javanese. In the sample text at the beginning of this page 200B is used at places where the line could be broken. Otherwise, the line would continue, unbroken off the right side of the page.
Hyphenation, per se, is not used. See an interesting discussion about Javanese & Balinese line-breaking on GitHub.
@@ -3019,7 +3020,7 @@Line breaking & hyphenation
Taling duplication
-In some materials, when a new line begins with ꦺ [U+A9BA JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TALING], an additional spacing taling is placed at the end of the previous line.
+In some materials, when a new line begins with A9BA, an additional spacing taling is placed at the end of the previous line.
