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QC.m
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QC.m
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function [dataqc] = QC(path_fig,data,vars,max_rad,cols,tzone,name,Isc,offset_empirical)
%QC Creates an ordered, continuous, and complete annual array
%from the input data (which must be in standard format). Calculates
%astronomical variables, quality control and creates figures with the QC
%results of the variables. It takes into account the station time zone and
%converts to TST to perform astronomical calculations. Output is in UTC.
% INPUT:
% path_fig: Path where figures are saved
% data: Standard data structure
% vars: Logical array that indicates which variables will be included in the QC process [GHI DNI DHI].
% max_rad: Max. solar radiation value for the figures
% cols: Columns of the variables in the data matrix
% tzone: Specific time zone of the station location
% name: Name for figures title of the QC process
% Isc: Solar constant [W/m2]
% offset_empirical: Just in case the results seems to have timestamp mistakes
%
% OUTPUT:
% dataqc: Standard data structure with two additional matrices: .mqc and .astro
% dataqc.mqc = [YYYY MM DD HH mm ss GHIord fGHI DNIord fDNI DHIord fDHI]
% dataqc.astro = [dj e0 ang_day et tst_hours w dec cosz G0 m]
% f*** are arrays with the QC flags of the variable *** according with
% BSRN procedurement:
% 0 Fail to pass 1st test: Physically Possible Limits
% 1 Fail to pass 2nd test: Extremely Rare Limits
% 2 Fail to pass 3rd test: Comparisons and coherence between variables
% 3 Fail to pass 4th test: Close enough to calculated values!
% 4 Pass all tests, data is valid !!!
%
% - L. Ramírez (April 2013)
% - S. Moreno (June 2014)
% - L. Zarzalejo, L Ramírez (May 2015)
% - F. Mendoza (February 2017) Update
%% Constants
Micolormap = [1 0.2 0.2;...
1 0.5 0;...
1 1 0;...
0.6 1 0.6;...
0.3 0.9 0.3];
%% Assigment of the input data
lat = data.geodata.lat;
lon = data.geodata.lon;
time = data.timedata.timezone; % Time reference in which data is acquired
stamp = data.timedata.stamp;
num_obs = data.timedata.num_obs;
nodata = data.nodata;
input = data.mat;
year = data.mat(floor(length(input)/2),1); % Avoiding the first rows
file_name = [name,' ',num2str(year)]; % For figures title
lat_rad = lat*pi/180; % Latitude in radians
if ~isnan(nodata)% Position of no data values in the input matrix, if different of NaN
pos_nodata = input==nodata;
input(pos_nodata) = NaN; % Assign Not-a-number to no data (default)
end
GHI = input(:,cols.GHI); % Variables arrays
DNI = input(:,cols.DNI);
DHI = input(:,cols.DHI);
others = input(:,cols.others); nOthers = size(others,2);
%% Assessing the hours jump needed in the time data
off = str2double(time(4:end)); % Offset of the input data
jumpH = tzone - off; % Shift between the time zone of the station and the time reference of the input data
if tzone>=0 % String with the time zone of the station
timeZ = strcat('UTC+',num2str(tzone));
else
timeZ = strcat('UTC-',num2str(tzone));
end
%% Input time reference to station local time (now data stars in the previous year!)
date_vec = input(:,cols.date);
if numel(date_vec(1,:))==4 % If just year, month, day, hour => complete time vector
date_vec(:,5) = 0; % minutes
date_vec(:,6) = 0; % seconds
end
date_num = datenum(date_vec); % Input dates in serial date numbers
date_num = date_num + jumpH/24; % Shift to Local Time
date_num_obs = round(date_num*24*num_obs); % Input dates in each observation. Important because of rounding!
%% Creation of the ordered, continuous and complete annual series
day_ini = floor((datenum([year 1 1 0 0 0]))); % First day of the complete year
day_end = floor((datenum([year 12 31 0 0 0]))); % Last day of the complete year
day_ini_obs = floor(day_ini*24*num_obs); % First day of the year in observations period
num_days = day_end-day_ini+1; % Number of days complete year
% Creates an array with the number of positions according to the days with
% data from the first observation (i.e. hour=0, min=0) to the last one
% (i.e. hour=23 min=59)
pos_ord = (1:num_days*24*num_obs)'; % Complete positions vector
date_obs_ord = pos_ord+day_ini_obs-1; % Complete array in observations period
days_num_ord = date_obs_ord/(24*num_obs); % Complete array in days
lines = numel(days_num_ord); % Number of observations in a complete year
% Arrays for the variables in a complete year
GHIord = NaN(lines,1);
DNIord = NaN(lines,1);
DHIord = NaN(lines,1);
othersord = NaN(lines,nOthers);
%% Assigment of the available values to its corresponding position in the complete array
% Array of relative position according with the number of observations per
% hour.
pos_obs_INI = date_num_obs-date_obs_ord(1)+1;
% If jumpH > 0: Search the positions higher that the number of observations
% in a year, i.e., those that will go beyond of the last observation of the
% year in the local time of the station because of the shift with the time
% reference of the data.
After = pos_obs_INI > lines;
pos_obs_INI(After) = [];
GHI(After) = []; DNI(After) = []; DHI(After) = [];
if ~isempty(others)
others(After,:) = [];
end
% If jumpH < 0: Search the positions lower that 1, i.e., those before of
% the first observation of the year in the local time of the station
% because of the shift with the time reference of the data.
Before = pos_obs_INI < 1;
pos_obs_INI(Before) = [];
GHI(Before) = []; DNI(Before) = []; DHI(Before) = [];
if ~isempty(others)
others(Before,:) = [];
end
% Assignment of the variables values to the corresponding date
GHIord(pos_obs_INI) = GHI; % In the station time zone
DNIord(pos_obs_INI) = DNI; % In the station time zone
DHIord(pos_obs_INI) = DHI; % In the station time zone
othersord(pos_obs_INI,:) = others;
%% Astronomical calculations
[astro,tst_num,~] = calcula_astro...
(days_num_ord,stamp,num_obs,timeZ,lat,lon,Isc,offset_empirical); % Function
dj = astro(:,1); % Julian day
e0 = astro(:,2); % Sun-Earth distance correction factor
% ang_day = astro(:,3); % Day angle [radians]
% et = astro(:,4); % Equation of time
% tst_hours = astro(:,5); % True solar time
w = astro(:,6); % Hour angle [radians]
dec = astro(:,7); % Declination of the Sun [radians]
cosz = astro(:,8); % Cosine of the solar zenith angle
% G0 = astro(:,9); % Extraterrestrial solar radiation [W/m2]
% m = astro(:,10); % Relative optical air mass
% There must be a problem with UTC conversion in astro function!!!
%% Quality Control (BSRN)
% TEST #1: Physically Possible Limits -------------------------------------
% Two groups of data are defined:
% - low: Solar elevation angle below 0 degrees. Applicable for Tests #1 y 2
% - others
% Creating the groups of data
sZenithA = acos(cosz)*180/pi; % Solar zenith angle. Solar zenith and Solar elevation angles are complementary (alpha=90°-theta)
low = sZenithA>=90; % alpha<=0°, theta>=90°
if vars(1)==1 % GHI
fGHI = zeros(size(GHIord)); % Pre-allocate
maxG = Isc.*e0*1.5.*(cosz.^1.2)+100; % Setting the limits of the variables and groups
maxG(low) = 100; % Fixed maximum in this case
% Flag assigment
test1 = (GHIord>=-4 & GHIord<=maxG); fGHI(test1) = 1; % Those values that fail to pass the test #1 are flagged with '0'
clearvars test1 maxG
end
if vars(2)==1 % DNI
fDNI = zeros(size(DNIord)); % Pre-allocate
maxB = Isc.*e0; % Setting the limits of the variables and groups
% Flag assigment
test1 = (DNIord>=-4 & DNIord<=maxB); fDNI(test1) = 1;
clearvars test1 maxB
end
if vars(3)==1 % DHI
fDHI = zeros(size(DHIord)); % Pre-allocate
maxD = Isc.*e0*0.95.*(cosz.^1.2)+50; % Setting the limits of the variables and groups
maxD(low) = 50; % Fixed maximum in this case
% Flag assigment
test1 = (DHIord>=-4 & DHIord<=maxD); fDHI(test1) = 1;
clearvars test1 maxD
end
%% TEST #2: Extremely Rare Limits ----------------------------------------
if vars(1)==1 % GHI
maxG = Isc.*e0*1.2.*(cosz.^1.2)+50; % Setting the limits of the variables and groups
maxG(low) = 50;
% Flag assigment
test2 = (GHIord>=-2 & GHIord<=maxG & fGHI==1); fGHI(test2) = 2; % Those values that fail to pass the test #2 are flagged with '1'
clearvars test2 % maxG Don't clear maximum limits used in the third test
end
if vars(2)==1 % DNI
maxB = Isc.*e0*0.95.*(cosz.^0.2)+10; % Setting the limits of the variables and groups
maxB(low) = 10;
% Flag assigment
test2 = (DNIord>=-2 & DNIord<=maxB & fDNI==1); fDNI(test2) = 2;
clearvars test2 % maxB Don't clear maximum limits used in the third test
end
if vars(3)==1 % DHI
maxD = Isc.*e0*0.75.*(cosz.^1.2)+30; % Setting the limits of the variables and groups
maxD(low) = 30;
% Flag assigment
test2 = (DHIord>=-2 & DHIord<=maxD & fDHI==1); fDHI(test2) = 2;
clearvars test2 % maxD Don't clear maximum limits used in the third test
end
clearvars low
%% TEST #3: Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------
% For those values in which this test isn't applicable (measured or calculated
% GHI < 50 W/m2), applies the conditions of the second test.
% Three groups of data are defined
% - low: solar elevation between -3 and 15, and GHI>50 W/m2
% - high: solar elevation higher than 15, and GHI>50 W/m2
% - others
if sum(vars)==3 % The three variables are required for the first relationship
% CONDITION IMPOSED TO THE DIFFUSE RADIATION
ffDHI = fDHI; % A temp variable is used to apply a previous condition to the diffuse irradiance
% Second relationship: checks that the diffuse percentage of global
% radiation is not over specific limits. This condition can only be applied
% to records in which the measured global irradiance is over 50 W/m2.
% Creating the groups with the input measured GHI data
high = (sZenithA<75 & GHIord>50); % alpha>15°, theta<75°
low = (sZenithA>=75 & sZenithA<93 & GHIord>50); % -3°<alpha<=15°, 75°<=theta<93°
% Setting limits
maxD(high) = 1.05*GHIord(high); % For theta<75°
maxD(low) = 1.10*GHIord(low); % For 75°<theta<93°
% Flag assigment
% Those values that fail to pass the test #3.2 are flagged with '2'
test32 = (DHIord<=maxD & fGHI==2 & fDHI==2 & fDNI==2); ffDHI(test32)=3;
clearvars test32 high low
% CONDITION IMPOSED TO ALL THREE VARIABLES
% First relationship: measured direct global irradiance is compared with
% the value calculated from its measured components. This condition can
% only be applied to records in which the calculated global irradiance is
% over 50 W/m2.
GHIcalc = DHIord+DNIord.*cosz;
% Creating the groups with the calculated GHI data
high = (sZenithA<75 & GHIcalc>50); % alpha>15°, theta<75°
low = (sZenithA>=75 & sZenithA<93 & GHIcalc>50); % -3°<alpha<=15°, 75°<=theta<93°
% Setting limits
maxG(high) = 1.08.*GHIcalc(high); % For theta<75°
maxG(low) = 1.15.*GHIcalc(low); % For 75°<theta<93°
minG = zeros(size(GHIcalc))-2; % Preguntar por el minimo según paper?!!!
minG(high) = 0.92.*GHIcalc(high);
minG(low) = 0.85.*GHIcalc(low);
% Flag assigment
% Those values that fail to pass the test #3 are flagged with '2'
test3 = (GHIord>=minG & GHIord<=maxG & fGHI==2 & fDNI==2 & ffDHI==3);
fGHI(test3) = 3;
fDHI(test3) = 3;
fDNI(test3) = 3;
clearvars high low
end
%% NEW TEST #4: Some impossible were slipping through ---------------------
% GHI values between GHI calculated +- 50
if sum(vars)==3 % The three variables are required
test4 = ((GHIord>GHIcalc-50 & GHIord<GHIcalc+50) & test3);
fGHI(test4) = 4;
fDHI(test4) = 4;
fDNI(test4) = 4;
end
% Save results
fGHIF = fGHI; fDNIF = fDNI; fDHIF = fDHI;
clear test0 test1 test2 test3 test4
%% GRAPHS OF QUALITY CONTROL RESULTS
% Coherence of the three variables per year -------------------------------
if sum(vars)==3
test0 = fGHI==0;
test1 = fGHI==1;
test2 = fGHI==2;
test3 = fGHI==3;
test4 = fGHI==4;
figure
p0 = plot(GHIord(test0),GHIcalc(test0),'o','DisplayName','Not Phy','MarkerFaceColor',[1 0 0 ],'MarkerEdgeColor',[0.8 0 0 ]); hold on
p1 = plot(GHIord(test1),GHIcalc(test1),'o','DisplayName','Rare','MarkerFaceColor',[1 0.5 0 ],'MarkerEdgeColor',[0.8 0.3 0 ]);
p2 = plot(GHIord(test2),GHIcalc(test2),'o','DisplayName','Incoher','MarkerFaceColor',[1 1 0 ],'MarkerEdgeColor',[0.8 0.8 0 ]);
p3 = plot(GHIord(test3),GHIcalc(test3),'o','DisplayName','Coher','MarkerFaceColor',[0.5 1 0.5],'MarkerEdgeColor',[0.3 0.8 0.3]);
p4 = plot(GHIord(test4),GHIcalc(test4),'o','DisplayName','Best','MarkerFaceColor',[0 0.8 0 ],'MarkerEdgeColor',[0 0.7 0 ]);
plot([0 max_rad],[0 max_rad],'-k');
legend([p0 p1 p2 p3 p4],'Location','SouthEast'); % Related with the flags '0','1',...'4'
axis([0 max_rad 0 max_rad]);
title(file_name,'Fontsize',16,'Interpreter','none'); %title([file_name ' Consistency '],'Fontsize',16);
xlabel('GHI measures [W/m^2]','Fontsize',14,'FontWeight','bold');
ylabel('GHI calculated [W/m^2]','Fontsize',14,'FontWeight','bold');
grid on; axis square
set(gca,'XTick',0:400:max_rad);
set(gca,'YTick',0:400:max_rad);
print('-dtiff','-opengl','-r350',strcat(path_fig,'\',file_name,'_COHER'))
end
clear test0 test1 test2 test3 test4
%% Monthly coherence graphs -----------------------------------------------
if sum(vars)==3
tst_vec = datevec(tst_num); % 6X1 date array
path_fig_month = strcat(path_fig,'\Monthly');
if ~exist(path_fig_month,'dir')
mkdir(path_fig_month);
end
for m=1:12
data_month = (tst_vec(:,2)==m);
m_str = num2str(m);
if m<10 % Two character month
m_str=['0' num2str(m)];
end
test0 = (fGHI == 0 & data_month);
test1 = (fGHI == 1 & data_month);
test2 = (fGHI == 2 & data_month);
test3 = (fGHI == 3 & data_month);
test4 = (fGHI == 4 & data_month);
figure
plot(GHIord(test0),GHIcalc(test0),'o','DisplayName','Not Phy','MarkerFaceColor',[1 0 0 ],'MarkerEdgeColor',[ 0.8 0 0 ]); hold on
plot(GHIord(test1),GHIcalc(test1),'o','DisplayName','Rare','MarkerFaceColor',[1 0.5 0 ],'MarkerEdgeColor',[ 0.8 0.3 0 ]);
plot(GHIord(test2),GHIcalc(test2),'o','DisplayName','Incoher','MarkerFaceColor',[1 1 0 ],'MarkerEdgeColor',[ 0.8 0.8 0 ]);
plot(GHIord(test3),GHIcalc(test3),'o','DisplayName','Coher','MarkerFaceColor',[0.5 1 0.5],'MarkerEdgeColor',[ 0.3 0.8 0.3]);
plot(GHIord(test4),GHIcalc(test4),'o','DisplayName','Best','MarkerFaceColor',[0 0.8 0 ],'MarkerEdgeColor',[ 0 0.7 0 ]);
plot([0 max_rad],[0 max_rad] ,'-k','DisplayName','');
legend('show','Location','SouthEast'); % Related with the flags '0','1',...'4'
axis([0 max_rad 0 max_rad]);
title([file_name ' Month ' m_str ' Consistency ' ],'Fontsize',16,'Interpreter','none');
xlabel('GHI measures [W/m^2]','Fontsize',14,'FontWeight','bold');
ylabel('GHI calculated [W/m^2]','Fontsize',14,'FontWeight','bold');
grid on; axis square
set(gca,'XTick',0:400:max_rad);
set(gca,'YTick',0:400:max_rad);
print('-dtiff','-opengl','-r350',strcat(path_fig_month,'\',file_name,'_COHER_M',m_str))
end
end
%% ANNUAL QUALITY MAPS
% Trick for all graphs to have the 5 different values
% fGHI(1)=0; fGHI(2)=1; fGHI(3)=2; fGHI(4)=3; fGHI(5)=4;
% fDNI(1)=0; fDNI(2)=1; fDNI(3)=2; fDNI(4)=3; fDNI(5)=4;
% fDHI(1)=0; fDHI(2)=1; fDHI(3)=2; fDHI(4)=3; fDHI(5)=4;
% Generic data on sunrise, noon, sunset hours. It identifies w position
% depending of num_obs (0.26 rad = 1 hour)
deltat = 0.26/num_obs; % w/deltat
wsr = acos(-tan(dec).*tan(lat_rad));
wss = -wsr;
pos_sunrise = (floor(wsr/deltat)==floor(w/deltat));
pos_sunset = (round(wss/deltat)==round(w/deltat));
pos_zero = (round(w/deltat)==0);
values_day = 24*num_obs;
matrixWSR = reshape(pos_sunrise,values_day,[]);
matrixWSS = reshape(pos_sunset,values_day,[]);
matrixW0 = reshape(pos_zero,values_day,[]);
[y1, x1] = find(matrixWSR);
[y2, x2] = find(matrixWSS);
[y3, x3] = find(matrixW0);
% GHI ANNUAL GRAPH --------------------------------------------------------
if vars(1)==1
matrixGHI = reshape(fGHI,values_day,[]);
figure
if dj(1)>1
aux = zeros(24*num_obs,dj(1)-1); %
imagesc([aux matrixGHI]);
else
imagesc(matrixGHI);
end
colormap(Micolormap)
labels = {'0','1','2','3','4'};
lcolorbar(labels);
axis([0 numel(fGHI)/values_day 0 24*num_obs]);
title([file_name ' GHI'],'Fontsize',16,'Interpreter','none');
xlabel('Days','Fontsize',14);
ylabel('# daily observations','Fontsize',14);
hold on
plot(x1,y1,'oc');
plot(x2,y2,'oc');
plot(x3,y3,'oc');
print('-dtiff','-opengl','-r350',strcat(path_fig,'\',file_name,'_GHI'))
end
% DNI ANNUAL GRAPH --------------------------------------------------------
if vars(2)==1
matrixDNI = reshape(fDNI,values_day,[]);
figure
if dj(1)>1
aux = zeros(24*num_obs,dj(1)-1);
imagesc([aux matrixDNI]);
else
imagesc(matrixDNI);
end
colormap(Micolormap)
labels = {'0','1','2','3','4'};
lcolorbar(labels);
axis([0 numel(fDNI)/values_day 0 24*num_obs]);
title([file_name ' DNI'],'Fontsize',16,'Interpreter','none');
xlabel('Days','Fontsize',14);
ylabel('# daily observations','Fontsize',14);
hold on
plot(x1,y1,'oc');
plot(x2,y2,'oc');
plot(x3,y3,'oc');
print('-dtiff','-opengl','-r350',strcat(path_fig,'\',file_name,'_DNI'))
end
% DHI ANNUAL GRAPH --------------------------------------------------------
if vars(3)==1
matrixDHI = reshape(fDHI,values_day,[]);
figure
if dj(1)>1
aux = zeros(24*num_obs,dj(1)-1);
figureDHI=[aux matrixDHI];
imagesc(figureDHI);
else
imagesc(matrixDHI);
end
colormap(Micolormap)
labels = {'0','1','2','3','4'};
lcolorbar(labels);
axis([0 numel(fDHI)/values_day 0 24*num_obs]);
title([file_name ' DHI'],'Fontsize',16,'Interpreter','none');
xlabel('Days','Fontsize',14);
ylabel('# daily observations','Fontsize',14);
hold on
plot(x1,y1,'oc');
plot(x2,y2,'oc');
plot(x3,y3,'oc');
print('-dtiff','-opengl','-r350',strcat(path_fig,'\',file_name,'_DHI'))
end
%% OUTPUT
% DATE PROCESSING: Out in TST
% Centers the instant in the beginning of the period (in days)
% DATE PROCESSING: Out in station local time
LT_vec = datevec(days_num_ord);
output = [LT_vec GHIord fGHIF DNIord fDNIF DHIord fDHIF othersord];
% pos_nodata = (isnan(output)); output(pos_nodata) = -999;
data.timedata.timezone = timeZ;
data.timedata.stamp = 0;
data.mqc = output;
data.astro = astro;
clear input output
dataqc = data;
end