[v24.1.x] CORE-5749 retry on dns failure

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #22327 to branch v24.1.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v24.1.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-22327-v24.1.x-327
git cherry-pick -x d79ab902239e382646bf8a81ccb14af56b71d524 da09267f75100b3f00d44df8fd9f130818982886

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-22327-v24.1.x-327
gh pr create \
  --title "[v24.1.x] CORE-5749 retry on dns failure" \
  --base "v24.1.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-22327-v24.1.x-327" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v24.1.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/22327 "

JIRA Link: [CORE-6662](https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/CORE-6662)

[rpdevmp]

Duplicate of #21624
That GH issue has all the details of many tests failing, and what are the steps to avoid similar cases in the future, where many CI failures got opened based on similar infra errors.
Updating Github automatically and AWS with FIPS run should be fixed by https://github.com/redpanda-data/vtools/pull/3018