diff --git a/packages/toolkit/src/query/core/buildMiddleware/cacheCollection.ts b/packages/toolkit/src/query/core/buildMiddleware/cacheCollection.ts
index 128c0ebe19..b7f8217bc8 100644
--- a/packages/toolkit/src/query/core/buildMiddleware/cacheCollection.ts
+++ b/packages/toolkit/src/query/core/buildMiddleware/cacheCollection.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ declare module '../../endpointDefinitions' {
   }
 }
 
+// Per https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/setTimeout#maximum_delay_value , browsers store
+// `setTimeout()` timer values in a 32-bit int. If we pass a value in that's larger than that,
+// it wraps and ends up executing immediately.
+// Our `keepUnusedDataFor` values are in seconds, so adjust the numbers here accordingly.
+export const THIRTY_TWO_BIT_MAX_INT = 2_147_483_647
+export const THIRTY_TWO_BIT_MAX_TIMER_SECONDS = 2_147_483_647 / 1_000 - 1
+
 export const build: SubMiddlewareBuilder = ({ reducerPath, api, context }) => {
   const { removeQueryResult, unsubscribeQueryResult } = api.internalActions
 
@@ -87,6 +94,14 @@ export const build: SubMiddlewareBuilder = ({ reducerPath, api, context }) => {
       ] as QueryDefinition<any, any, any, any>
       const keepUnusedDataFor =
         endpointDefinition?.keepUnusedDataFor ?? config.keepUnusedDataFor
+      // Prevent `setTimeout` timers from overflowing a 32-bit internal int, by
+      // clamping the max value to be at most 1000ms less than the 32-bit max.
+      // Look, a 24.8-day keepalive ought to be enough for anybody, right? :)
+      // Also avoid negative values too.
+      const finalKeepUnusedDataFor = Math.max(
+        0,
+        Math.min(keepUnusedDataFor, THIRTY_TWO_BIT_MAX_TIMER_SECONDS)
+      )
 
       const currentTimeout = currentRemovalTimeouts[queryCacheKey]
       if (currentTimeout) {
@@ -99,7 +114,7 @@ export const build: SubMiddlewareBuilder = ({ reducerPath, api, context }) => {
           api.dispatch(removeQueryResult({ queryCacheKey }))
         }
         delete currentRemovalTimeouts![queryCacheKey]
-      }, keepUnusedDataFor * 1000)
+      }, finalKeepUnusedDataFor * 1000)
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/toolkit/src/query/tests/cacheCollection.test.ts b/packages/toolkit/src/query/tests/cacheCollection.test.ts
index d0f21f8d24..80eb3ac9eb 100644
--- a/packages/toolkit/src/query/tests/cacheCollection.test.ts
+++ b/packages/toolkit/src/query/tests/cacheCollection.test.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ import { createApi, fetchBaseQuery } from '@reduxjs/toolkit/query'
 import { configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'
 import { waitMs } from './helpers'
 import type { Middleware, Reducer } from 'redux'
+import {
+  THIRTY_TWO_BIT_MAX_INT,
+  THIRTY_TWO_BIT_MAX_TIMER_SECONDS,
+} from '../core/buildMiddleware/cacheCollection'
 
 beforeAll(() => {
   jest.useFakeTimers('legacy')
@@ -52,6 +56,35 @@ test(`query: await cleanup, keepUnusedDataFor set`, async () => {
   expect(onCleanup).toHaveBeenCalled()
 })
 
+test(`query: handles large keepUnuseDataFor values over 32-bit ms`, async () => {
+  const { store, api } = storeForApi(
+    createApi({
+      baseQuery: fetchBaseQuery({ baseUrl: 'https://example.com' }),
+      endpoints: (build) => ({
+        query: build.query<unknown, string>({
+          query: () => '/success',
+        }),
+      }),
+      keepUnusedDataFor: THIRTY_TWO_BIT_MAX_TIMER_SECONDS - 10,
+    })
+  )
+
+  store.dispatch(api.endpoints.query.initiate('arg')).unsubscribe()
+
+  // Shouldn't have been called right away
+  jest.advanceTimersByTime(1000), await waitMs()
+  expect(onCleanup).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+  // Shouldn't have been called any time in the next few minutes
+  jest.advanceTimersByTime(1_000_000), await waitMs()
+  expect(onCleanup).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+
+  // _Should_ be called _wayyyy_ in the future (like 24.8 days from now)
+  jest.advanceTimersByTime(THIRTY_TWO_BIT_MAX_TIMER_SECONDS * 1000),
+    await waitMs()
+  expect(onCleanup).toHaveBeenCalled()
+})
+
 describe(`query: await cleanup, keepUnusedDataFor set`, () => {
   const { store, api } = storeForApi(
     createApi({