diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle
index 1b55629d4f53e..0f140091b7a66 100644
--- a/build.gradle
+++ b/build.gradle
@@ -231,6 +231,12 @@ tasks.register("branchConsistency") {
 allprojects {
   // configure compiler options
   tasks.withType(JavaCompile).configureEach { JavaCompile compile ->
+    options.fork = true
+
+    configure(options.forkOptions) {
+      memoryMaximumSize = project.property('options.forkOptions.memoryMaximumSize')
+    }
+
     // See please https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8209058
     if (BuildParams.runtimeJavaVersion > JavaVersion.VERSION_11) {
       compile.options.compilerArgs << '-Werror'
@@ -351,6 +357,10 @@ allprojects {
 // the dependency is added.
 gradle.projectsEvaluated {
   allprojects {
+    project.tasks.withType(JavaForkOptions) {
+      maxHeapSize project.property('options.forkOptions.memoryMaximumSize')
+    }
+
     if (project.path == ':test:framework') {
       // :test:framework:test cannot run before and after :server:test
       return
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/breaker/HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/breaker/HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.java
index c0056aab3fb16..40bb4894c7397 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/breaker/HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/breaker/HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.java
@@ -559,8 +559,19 @@ static long fallbackRegionSize(JvmInfo jvmInfo) {
             // https://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk/jdk/file/e7d0ec2d06e8/src/hotspot/share/gc/g1/heapRegion.cpp#l67
             // based on this JDK "bug":
             // https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8241670
-            long averageHeapSize = (jvmInfo.getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes() + JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes()) / 2;
-            long regionSize = Long.highestOneBit(averageHeapSize / 2048);
+            // JDK-17 updates:
+            // https://github.com/openjdk/jdk17u/blob/master/src/hotspot/share/gc/g1/heapRegionBounds.hpp
+            // https://github.com/openjdk/jdk17u/blob/master/src/hotspot/share/gc/g1/heapRegion.cpp#L67
+            long regionSizeUnrounded = Math.min(
+                Math.max(JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes() / 2048, ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(1)),
+                ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(32)
+            );
+
+            long regionSize = Long.highestOneBit(regionSizeUnrounded);
+            if (regionSize != regionSizeUnrounded) {
+                regionSize <<= 1; /* next power of 2 */
+            }
+
             if (regionSize < ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(1)) {
                 regionSize = ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(1);
             } else if (regionSize > ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(32)) {
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/MemorySizeSettingsTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/MemorySizeSettingsTests.java
index f64b45e80dbca..2c7251818e2bc 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/MemorySizeSettingsTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/MemorySizeSettingsTests.java
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 package org.opensearch.common.settings;
 
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Setting.Property;
-import org.opensearch.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
 import org.opensearch.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.PageCacheRecycler;
 import org.opensearch.indices.IndexingMemoryController;
@@ -83,9 +82,13 @@ public void testIndicesRequestCacheSetting() {
     }
 
     public void testCircuitBreakerSettings() {
-        // default is chosen based on actual heap size
+        final Settings settings = Settings.builder()
+            .put(HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.USE_REAL_MEMORY_USAGE_SETTING.getKey(), randomBoolean())
+            .build();
+
+        // default is chosen based on USE_REAL_MEMORY_USAGE_SETTING setting
         double defaultTotalPercentage;
-        if (JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes() < new ByteSizeValue(1, ByteSizeUnit.GB).getBytes()) {
+        if (HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.USE_REAL_MEMORY_USAGE_SETTING.get(settings)) {
             defaultTotalPercentage = 0.95d;
         } else {
             defaultTotalPercentage = 0.7d;
@@ -93,22 +96,26 @@ public void testCircuitBreakerSettings() {
         assertMemorySizeSetting(
             HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.TOTAL_CIRCUIT_BREAKER_LIMIT_SETTING,
             "indices.breaker.total.limit",
-            new ByteSizeValue((long) (JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes() * defaultTotalPercentage))
+            new ByteSizeValue((long) (JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes() * defaultTotalPercentage)),
+            settings
         );
         assertMemorySizeSetting(
             HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.FIELDDATA_CIRCUIT_BREAKER_LIMIT_SETTING,
             "indices.breaker.fielddata.limit",
-            new ByteSizeValue((long) (JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes() * 0.4))
+            new ByteSizeValue((long) (JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes() * 0.4)),
+            settings
         );
         assertMemorySizeSetting(
             HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.REQUEST_CIRCUIT_BREAKER_LIMIT_SETTING,
             "indices.breaker.request.limit",
-            new ByteSizeValue((long) (JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes() * 0.6))
+            new ByteSizeValue((long) (JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes() * 0.6)),
+            settings
         );
         assertMemorySizeSetting(
             HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.IN_FLIGHT_REQUESTS_CIRCUIT_BREAKER_LIMIT_SETTING,
             "network.breaker.inflight_requests.limit",
-            new ByteSizeValue((JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes()))
+            new ByteSizeValue((JvmInfo.jvmInfo().getMem().getHeapMax().getBytes())),
+            settings
         );
     }
 
@@ -121,10 +128,14 @@ public void testIndicesFieldDataCacheSetting() {
     }
 
     private void assertMemorySizeSetting(Setting<ByteSizeValue> setting, String settingKey, ByteSizeValue defaultValue) {
+        assertMemorySizeSetting(setting, settingKey, defaultValue, Settings.EMPTY);
+    }
+
+    private void assertMemorySizeSetting(Setting<ByteSizeValue> setting, String settingKey, ByteSizeValue defaultValue, Settings settings) {
         assertThat(setting, notNullValue());
         assertThat(setting.getKey(), equalTo(settingKey));
         assertThat(setting.getProperties(), hasItem(Property.NodeScope));
-        assertThat(setting.getDefault(Settings.EMPTY), equalTo(defaultValue));
+        assertThat(setting.getDefault(settings), equalTo(defaultValue));
         Settings settingWithPercentage = Settings.builder().put(settingKey, "25%").build();
         assertThat(
             setting.get(settingWithPercentage),