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_parameter_description.help
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Swiss Ephemeris
Test Output
Swetest computes a complete set of geocentric planetary positions,
for a given date or a sequence of dates.
Input can either be a date or an absolute julian day number.
0:00 (midnight).
With the proper options, swetest can be used to output a printed
ephemeris and transfer the data into other programs like spreadsheets
for graphical display.
Version: 2.10.01a
Command line options:
help commands:
-?, -h display whole info
-hcmd display commands
-hplan display planet numbers
-hform display format characters
-hdate display input date format
-hexamp display examples
-glp report file location of library
input time formats:
-bDATE begin date; e.g. -b1.1.1992 if
Note: the date format is day month year (European style).
-bj... begin date as an absolute Julian day number; e.g. -bj2415020.5
-j... same as -bj
-tHH[:MM[:SS]] input time (as Ephemeris Time)
-ut input date is Universal Time (UT1)
-utHH[:MM[:SS]] input time (as Universal Time)
-utcHH[:MM[:SS]] input time (as Universal Time Coordinated UTC)
H,M,S can have one or two digits. Their limits are unchecked.
output time for eclipses, occultations, risings/settings is UT by default
-lmt output date/time is LMT (with -geopos)
-lat output date/time is LAT (with -geopos)
object, number of steps, step with
-pSEQ planet sequence to be computed.
See the letter coding below.
-dX differential ephemeris: print differential ephemeris between
body X and each body in list given by -p
example: -p2 -d0 -fJl -n366 -b1.1.1992 prints the longitude
distance between SUN (planet 0) and MERCURY (planet 2)
for a full year starting at 1 Jan 1992.
-dhX differential ephemeris: print differential ephemeris between
heliocentric body X and each body in list given by -p
example: -p8 -dh8 -ftl -n36600 -b1.1.1500 -s5 prints the longitude
distance between geocentric and heliocentric Neptune (planet 8)
for 500 year starting at 1 Jan 1500.
Using this option mostly makes sense for a single planet
to find out how much its geocentric and heliocentric positions can differ
over extended periods of time
-DX midpoint ephemeris, works the same way as the differential
mode -d described above, but outputs the midpoint position.
-nN output data for N consecutive timesteps; if no -n option
is given, the default is 1. If the option -n without a
number is given, the default is 20.
-sN timestep N days, default 1. This option is only meaningful
when combined with option -n.
If an 'y' is appended, the time step is in years instead of days,
for example -s10y for a time step of 10 years.
If an 'mo' is appended, the time step is in months instead of days,
for example -s3mo for a time step of 3 months.
If an 'm' is appended, the time step is in minutes instead of days,
for example -s15m for a time step of 15 minutes.
If an 's' is appended, the time step is in seconds instead of days,
for example -s1s for a time step of 1 second.
output format:
-fSEQ use SEQ as format sequence for the output columns;
default is PLBRS.
-head don't print the header before the planet data. This option
is useful when you want to paste the output into a
spreadsheet for displaying graphical ephemeris.
+head header before every step (with -s..)
-gPPP use PPP as gap between output columns; default is a single
blank. -g followed by white space sets the
gap to the TAB character; which is useful for data entry
into spreadsheets.
-hor list data for multiple planets 'horizontally' in same line.
all columns of -fSEQ are repeated except time colums tTJyY.
astrological house system:
-house[long,lat,hsys]
include house cusps. The longitude, latitude (degrees with
DECIMAL fraction) and house system letter can be given, with
commas separated, + for east and north. If none are given,
Greenwich UK and Placidus is used: 0.00,51.50,p.
The output lists 12 house cusps, Asc, MC, ARMC, Vertex,
Equatorial Ascendant, co-Ascendant as defined by Walter Koch,
co-Ascendant as defined by Michael Munkasey, and Polar Ascendant.
Houses can only be computed if option -ut is given.
A equal
B Alcabitius
C Campanus
D equal / MC
E equal = A
F Carter poli-equatorial
G 36 Gauquelin sectors
H horizon / azimuth
I Sunshine
i Sunshine alternative
K Koch
L Pullen S-delta
M Morinus
N Whole sign, Aries = 1st house
O Porphyry
P Placidus
Q Pullen S-ratio
R Regiomontanus
S Sripati
T Polich/Page ("topocentric")
U Krusinski-Pisa-Goelzer
V equal Vehlow
W equal, whole sign
X axial rotation system/ Meridian houses
Y APC houses
The use of lower case letters is deprecated. They will have a
different meaning in future releases of Swiss Ephemeris.
-hsy[hsys]
house system to be used (for house positions of planets)
for long, lat, hsys, see -house
The use of lower case letters is deprecated. They will have a
different meaning in future releases of Swiss Ephemeris.
-geopos[long,lat,elev]
Geographic position. Can be used for azimuth and altitude
or house cusps calculations.
The longitude, latitude (degrees with DECIMAL fraction)
and elevation (meters) can be given, with
commas separated, + for east and north. If none are given,
Greenwich is used: 0,51.5,0.
For topocentric planet positions please user the parameter -topo
sidereal astrology:
-ay.. ayanamsha, with number of method, e.g. ay0 for Fagan/Bradley
-sid.. sidereal, with number of method (see below)
-sidt0.. dito, but planets are projected on the ecliptic plane of the
reference date of the ayanamsha (more info in general documentation
www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm)
-sidsp.. dito, but planets are projected on the solar system plane.
(see www.astro.com/swisseph/swisseph.htm)
-sidudef[jd,ay0,...] sidereal, with user defined ayanamsha;
jd=julian day number in TT/ET
ay0=initial value of ayanamsha,
...=optional parameters, comma-sparated:
'jdisut': ayanamsha reference date is UT
'eclt0': project on ecliptic of reference date (like -sidt0..)
'ssyplane': project on solar system plane (like -sidsp..)
e.g. '-sidudef2452163.8333333,25.0,jdisut': ayanamsha is 25.0° on JD 2452163.8333333 UT
number of ayanamsha method:
0 for Fagan/Bradley
1 for Lahiri
2 for De Luce
3 for Raman
4 for Usha/Shashi
5 for Krishnamurti
6 for Djwhal Khul
7 for Yukteshwar
8 for J.N. Bhasin
9 for Babylonian/Kugler 1
10 for Babylonian/Kugler 2
11 for Babylonian/Kugler 3
12 for Babylonian/Huber
13 for Babylonian/Eta Piscium
14 for Babylonian/Aldebaran = 15 Tau
15 for Hipparchos
16 for Sassanian
17 for Galact. Center = 0 Sag
18 for J2000
19 for J1900
20 for B1950
21 for Suryasiddhanta
22 for Suryasiddhanta, mean Sun
23 for Aryabhata
24 for Aryabhata, mean Sun
25 for SS Revati
26 for SS Citra
27 for True Citra
28 for True Revati
29 for True Pushya (PVRN Rao)
30 for Galactic (Gil Brand)
31 for Galactic Equator (IAU1958)
32 for Galactic Equator
33 for Galactic Equator mid-Mula
34 for Skydram (Mardyks)
35 for True Mula (Chandra Hari)
36 Dhruva/Gal.Center/Mula (Wilhelm)
37 Aryabhata 522
38 Babylonian/Britton
39 Vedic/Sheoran
40 Cochrane (Gal.Center = 0 Cap)
41 Galactic Equator (Fiorenza)
42 Vettius Valens
43 Lahiri 1940
44 Lahiri VP285 (1980)
45 Krishnamurti VP291
46 Lahiri ICRC
ephemeris specifications:
-edirPATH change the directory of the ephemeris files
-eswe swiss ephemeris
-ejpl jpl ephemeris (DE431), or with ephemeris file name
-ejplde200.eph
-emos moshier ephemeris
-true true positions
-noaberr no aberration
-nodefl no gravitational light deflection
-noaberr -nodefl astrometric positions
-j2000 no precession (i.e. J2000 positions)
-icrs ICRS (use Internat. Celestial Reference System)
-nonut no nutation
-speed calculate high precision speed
-speed3 'low' precision speed from 3 positions
do not use this option. -speed parameter
is faster and more precise
-iXX force iflag to value XX
-testaa96 test example in AA 96, B37,
i.e. venus, j2450442.5, DE200.
attention: use precession IAU1976
and nutation 1980 (s. swephlib.h)
-testaa95
-testaa97
-roundsec round to seconds
-roundmin round to minutes
-ep use extra precision in output for some data
-dms use dms instead of fractions, at some places
-lim print ephemeris file range
observer position:
-hel compute heliocentric positions
-bary compute barycentric positions (bar. earth instead of node)
-topo[long,lat,elev]
topocentric positions. The longitude, latitude (degrees with
DECIMAL fraction) and elevation (meters) can be given, with
commas separated, + for east and north. If none are given,
Greenwich is used 0.00,51.50,0
-pc... compute planetocentric positions
to specify the central body, use the internal object number
of Swiss Ephemeris, e.g. 3 for Venus, 4 for Mars,
-pc3 Venus-centric
-pc4 Mars-centric
-pc5 Jupiter-centric (barycenter)
-pc9599 Jupiter-centric (center of body)
-pc9699 Saturn-centric (center of body)
For asteroids use MPC number + 10000, e.g.
-pc10433 Eros-centric (Eros = 433 + 10000)
orbital elements:
-orbel compute osculating orbital elements relative to the
mean ecliptic J2000. (Note, all values, including time of
pericenter vary considerably depending on the date for which the
osculating ellipse is calculated
special events:
-solecl solar eclipse
output 1st line:
eclipse date,
time of maximum (UT):
geocentric angle between centre of Sun and Moon reaches minimum.
core shadow width (negative with total eclipses),
eclipse magnitudes:
1. NASA method (= 2. with partial ecl. and
ratio lunar/solar diameter with total and annular ecl.)
2. fraction of solar diameter covered by moon;
if the value is > 1, it means that Moon covers more than
just the solar disk
3. fraction of solar disc covered by moon (obscuration)
with total and annular eclipses it is the ratio of
the sizes of the solar disk and the lunar disk.
Saros series and eclipse number
Julian day number (6-digit fraction) of maximum
output 2nd line:
start and end times for partial and total phases
delta t in sec
output 3rd line:
geographical longitude and latitude of maximum eclipse,
totality duration at that geographical position,
output with -local, see below.
-occult occultation of planet or star by the moon. Use -p to
specify planet (-pf -xfAldebaran for stars)
output format same as with -solecl, with the following differences:
Magnitude is defined like no. 2. with solar eclipses.
There are no saros series.
-lunecl lunar eclipse
output 1st line:
eclipse date,
time of maximum (UT),
eclipse magnitudes: umbral and penumbral
method as method 2 with solar eclipses
Saros series and eclipse number
Julian day number (6-digit fraction) of maximum
output 2nd line:
6 contacts for start and end of penumbral, partial, and
total phase
delta t in sec
output 3rd line:
geographic position where the Moon is in zenith at maximum eclipse
-local only with -solecl or -occult, if the next event of this
kind is wanted for a given geogr. position.
Use -geopos[long,lat,elev] to specify that position.
If -local is not set, the program
searches for the next event anywhere on earth.
output 1st line:
eclipse date,
time of maximum,
eclipse magnitudes, as with global solar eclipse function
(with occultations: only diameter method, see solar eclipses, method 2)
Saros series and eclipse number (with solar eclipses only)
Julian day number (6-digit fraction) of maximum
output 2nd line:
local eclipse duration for totality (zero with partial occultations)
local four contacts,
delta t in sec
Occultations with the remark "(daytime)" cannot be observed because
they are taking place by daylight. Occultations with the remark
"(sunrise)" or "(sunset)" can be observed only partly because part
of them takes place in daylight.
-hev[type] heliacal events,
type 1 = heliacal rising
type 2 = heliacal setting
type 3 = evening first
type 4 = morning last
type 0 or missing = all four events are listed.
-rise rising and setting of a planet or star.
Use -geopos[long,lat,elev] to specify geographical position.
-metr southern and northern meridian transit of a planet of star
Use -geopos[long,lat,elev] to specify geographical position.
specifications for eclipses:
-total total eclipse (only with -solecl, -lunecl)
-partial partial eclipse (only with -solecl, -lunecl)
-annular annular eclipse (only with -solecl)
-anntot annular-total (hybrid) eclipse (only with -solecl)
-penumbral penumbral lunar eclipse (only with -lunecl)
-central central eclipse (only with -solecl, nonlocal)
-noncentral non-central eclipse (only with -solecl, nonlocal)
specifications for risings and settings:
-norefrac neglect refraction (with option -rise)
-disccenter find rise of disc center (with option -rise)
-discbottom find rise of disc bottom (with option -rise)
-hindu hindu version of sunrise (with option -rise)
specifications for heliacal events:
-at[press,temp,rhum,visr]:
pressure in hPa
temperature in degrees Celsius
relative humidity in %
visual range, interpreted as follows:
> 1 : meteorological range in km
1>visr>0 : total atmospheric coefficient (ktot)
= 0 : calculated from press, temp, rhum
Default values are -at1013.25,15,40,0
-obs[age,SN] age of observer and Snellen ratio
Default values are -obs36,1
-opt[age,SN,binocular,magn,diam,transm]
age and SN as with -obs
0 monocular or 1 binocular
telescope magnification
optical aperture in mm
optical transmission
Default values: -opt36,1,1,1,0,0 (naked eye)
backward search:
-bwd
Planet selection letters:
planetary lists:
d (default) main factors 0123456789mtABCcg
p main factors as above, plus main asteroids DEFGHI
h ficticious factors J..X
a all factors
(the letters above can only appear as a single letter)
single body numbers/letters:
0 Sun (character zero)
1 Moon (character 1)
2 Mercury
3 Venus
4 Mars
5 Jupiter
6 Saturn
7 Uranus
8 Neptune
9 Pluto
m mean lunar node
t true lunar node
n nutation
o obliquity of ecliptic
q delta t
y time equation
b ayanamsha
A mean lunar apogee (Lilith, Black Moon)
B osculating lunar apogee
c intp. lunar apogee
g intp. lunar perigee
C Earth (in heliocentric or barycentric calculation)
For planets Jupiter to Pluto the center of body (COB) can be
calculated using the additional parameter -cob
dwarf planets, plutoids
F Ceres
9 Pluto
s -xs136199 Eris
s -xs136472 Makemake
s -xs136108 Haumea
some minor planets:
D Chiron
E Pholus
G Pallas
H Juno
I Vesta
s minor planet, with MPC number given in -xs
some planetary moons and center of body of a planet:
v with moon number given in -xv:
v -xv9501 Io/Jupiter:
v -xv9599 Jupiter, center of body (COB):
v -xv94.. Mars moons:
v -xv95.. Jupiter moons and COB:
v -xv96.. Saturn moons and COB:
v -xv97.. Uranus moons and COB:
v -xv98.. Neptune moons and COB:
v -xv99.. Pluto moons and COB:
The numbers of the moons are given here:
https://www.astro.com/ftp/swisseph/ephe/sat/plmolist.txt
fixed stars:
f fixed star, with name or number given in -xf option
f -xfSirius Sirius
fictitious objects:
J Cupido
K Hades
L Zeus
M Kronos
N Apollon
O Admetos
P Vulkanus
Q Poseidon
R Isis (Sevin)
S Nibiru (Sitchin)
T Harrington
U Leverrier's Neptune
V Adams' Neptune
W Lowell's Pluto
X Pickering's Pluto
Y Vulcan
Z White Moon
w Waldemath's dark Moon
z hypothetical body, with number given in -xz
sidereal time:
x sidereal time
e print a line of labels
Output format SEQ letters:
In the standard setting five columns of coordinates are printed with
the default format PLBRS. You can change the default by providing an
option like -fCCCC where CCCC is your sequence of columns.
The coding of the sequence is like this:
y year
Y year.fraction_of_year
p planet index
P planet name
J absolute juldate
T date formatted like 23.02.1992
t date formatted like 920223 for 1992 february 23
L longitude in degree ddd mm'ss"
l longitude decimal
Z longitude ddsignmm'ss"
S speed in longitude in degree ddd:mm:ss per day
SS speed for all values specified in fmt
s speed longitude decimal (degrees/day)
ss speed for all values specified in fmt
B latitude degree
b latitude decimal
R distance decimal in AU
r distance decimal in AU, Moon in seconds parallax
W distance decimal in light years
w distance decimal in km
q relative distance (1000=nearest, 0=furthest)
A right ascension in hh:mm:ss
a right ascension hours decimal
m Meridian distance
z Zenith distance
D declination degree
d declination decimal
I azimuth degree
i azimuth decimal
H altitude degree
h altitude decimal
K altitude (with refraction) degree
k altitude (with refraction) decimal
G house position in degrees
g house position in degrees decimal
j house number 1.0 - 12.99999
X x-, y-, and z-coordinates ecliptical
x x-, y-, and z-coordinates equatorial
U unit vector ecliptical
u unit vector equatorial
Q l, b, r, dl, db, dr, a, d, da, dd
n nodes (mean): ascending/descending (Me - Ne); longitude decimal
N nodes (osculating): ascending/descending, longitude; decimal
f apsides (mean): perihelion, aphelion, second focal point; longitude dec.
F apsides (osc.): perihelion, aphelion, second focal point; longitude dec.
+ phase angle
- phase
* elongation
/ apparent diameter of disc (without refraction)
= magnitude
v (reserved)
V (reserved)
Date entry:
In the interactive mode, when you are asked for a start date,
you can enter data in one of the following formats:
1.2.1991 three integers separated by a nondigit character for
day month year. Dates are interpreted as Gregorian
after 4.10.1582 and as Julian Calendar before.
Time is always set to midnight (0 h).
If the three letters jul are appended to the date,
the Julian calendar is used even after 1582.
If the four letters greg are appended to the date,
the Gregorian calendar is used even before 1582.
j2400123.67 the letter j followed by a real number, for
the absolute Julian daynumber of the start date.
Fraction .5 indicates midnight, fraction .0
indicates noon, other times of the day can be
chosen accordingly.
repeat the last entry
. stop the program
+20 advance the date by 20 days
-10 go back in time 10 days
Examples:
swetest -p2 -b1.12.1900 -n15 -s2
ephemeris of Mercury (-p2) starting on 1 Dec 1900,
15 positions (-n15) in two-day steps (-s2)
swetest -p2 -b1.12.1900 -n15 -s2 -fTZ -roundsec -g, -head
same, but output format = date and zodiacal position (-fTZ),
separated by comma (-g,) and rounded to seconds (-roundsec),
without header (-head).
swetest -ps -xs433 -b1.12.1900
position of asteroid 433 Eros (-ps -xs433)
swetest -pf -xfAldebaran -b1.1.2000
position of fixed star Aldebaran
swetest -p1 -d0 -b1.12.1900 -n10 -fPTl -head
angular distance of moon (-p1) from sun (-d0) for 10
consecutive days (-n10).
swetest -p6 -DD -b1.12.1900 -n100 -s5 -fPTZ -head -roundmin
Midpoints between Saturn (-p6) and Chiron (-DD) for 100
consecutive steps (-n100) with 5-day steps (-s5) with
longitude in degree-sign format (-f..Z) rounded to minutes (-roundmin)
swetest -b5.1.2002 -p -house12.05,49.50,K -ut12:30
Koch houses for a location in Germany at a given date and time
swetest -b1.1.2016 -g -fTlbR -p0123456789Dmte -hor -n366 -roundsec
tabular ephemeris (all planets Sun - Pluto, Chiron, mean node, true node)
in one horizontal row, tab-separated, for 366 days. For each planet
list longitude, latitude and geocentric distance.
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