diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/const_eval/error.rs b/src/librustc_mir/const_eval/error.rs
index f7e28cf8d8c2f..3c3618f390c61 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/const_eval/error.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/const_eval/error.rs
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ impl Error for ConstEvalErrKind {}
 /// Turn an interpreter error into something to report to the user.
 /// As a side-effect, if RUSTC_CTFE_BACKTRACE is set, this prints the backtrace.
 /// Should be called only if the error is actually going to to be reported!
-pub fn error_to_const_error<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>>(
+pub fn error_to_const_error<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>>(
     ecx: &InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M>,
     mut error: InterpErrorInfo<'tcx>,
 ) -> ConstEvalErr<'tcx> {
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/const_eval/machine.rs b/src/librustc_mir/const_eval/machine.rs
index e53ca6b31bb67..30990853b516a 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/const_eval/machine.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/const_eval/machine.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::interpret::{
 
 use super::error::*;
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, CompileTimeInterpreter> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, CompileTimeInterpreter<'mir, 'tcx>> {
     /// Evaluate a const function where all arguments (if any) are zero-sized types.
     /// The evaluation is memoized thanks to the query system.
     ///
@@ -86,12 +86,15 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, CompileTimeInterpreter> {
 }
 
 /// Extra machine state for CTFE, and the Machine instance
-pub struct CompileTimeInterpreter {
+pub struct CompileTimeInterpreter<'mir, 'tcx> {
     /// For now, the number of terminators that can be evaluated before we throw a resource
     /// exhuastion error.
     ///
     /// Setting this to `0` disables the limit and allows the interpreter to run forever.
     pub steps_remaining: usize,
+
+    /// The virtual call stack.
+    pub(crate) stack: Vec<Frame<'mir, 'tcx, (), ()>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -100,9 +103,9 @@ pub struct MemoryExtra {
     pub(super) can_access_statics: bool,
 }
 
-impl CompileTimeInterpreter {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx> CompileTimeInterpreter<'mir, 'tcx> {
     pub(super) fn new(const_eval_limit: usize) -> Self {
-        CompileTimeInterpreter { steps_remaining: const_eval_limit }
+        CompileTimeInterpreter { steps_remaining: const_eval_limit, stack: Vec::new() }
     }
 }
 
@@ -156,7 +159,8 @@ impl<K: Hash + Eq, V> interpret::AllocMap<K, V> for FxHashMap<K, V> {
     }
 }
 
-crate type CompileTimeEvalContext<'mir, 'tcx> = InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, CompileTimeInterpreter>;
+crate type CompileTimeEvalContext<'mir, 'tcx> =
+    InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, CompileTimeInterpreter<'mir, 'tcx>>;
 
 impl interpret::MayLeak for ! {
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -166,7 +170,7 @@ impl interpret::MayLeak for ! {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx> interpret::Machine<'mir, 'tcx> for CompileTimeInterpreter {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx> interpret::Machine<'mir, 'tcx> for CompileTimeInterpreter<'mir, 'tcx> {
     type MemoryKind = !;
     type PointerTag = ();
     type ExtraFnVal = !;
@@ -349,6 +353,20 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> interpret::Machine<'mir, 'tcx> for CompileTimeInterpreter {
         Ok(frame)
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn stack(
+        ecx: &'a InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> &'a [Frame<'mir, 'tcx, Self::PointerTag, Self::FrameExtra>] {
+        &ecx.machine.stack
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn stack_mut(
+        ecx: &'a mut InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> &'a mut Vec<Frame<'mir, 'tcx, Self::PointerTag, Self::FrameExtra>> {
+        &mut ecx.machine.stack
+    }
+
     fn before_access_global(
         memory_extra: &MemoryExtra,
         alloc_id: AllocId,
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/cast.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/cast.rs
index 2fcdc9ca5d6ce..0e01652bc9002 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/cast.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/cast.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TypeAndMut, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 use rustc_target::abi::{LayoutOf, Size, Variants};
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     pub fn cast(
         &mut self,
         src: OpTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag>,
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/eval_context.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/eval_context.rs
index 06dee62b3e70b..b2a041874d09d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/eval_context.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/eval_context.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ use crate::util::storage::AlwaysLiveLocals;
 
 pub struct InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> {
     /// Stores the `Machine` instance.
+    ///
+    /// Note: the stack is provided by the machine.
     pub machine: M,
 
     /// The results of the type checker, from rustc.
@@ -39,9 +41,6 @@ pub struct InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> {
     /// The virtual memory system.
     pub memory: Memory<'mir, 'tcx, M>,
 
-    /// The virtual call stack.
-    pub(crate) stack: Vec<Frame<'mir, 'tcx, M::PointerTag, M::FrameExtra>>,
-
     /// A cache for deduplicating vtables
     pub(super) vtables:
         FxHashMap<(Ty<'tcx>, Option<ty::PolyExistentialTraitRef<'tcx>>), Pointer<M::PointerTag>>,
@@ -297,7 +296,7 @@ pub(super) fn from_known_layout<'tcx>(
     }
 }
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     pub fn new(
         tcx: TyCtxtAt<'tcx>,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
@@ -309,7 +308,6 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             tcx,
             param_env,
             memory: Memory::new(tcx, memory_extra),
-            stack: Vec::new(),
             vtables: FxHashMap::default(),
         }
     }
@@ -349,24 +347,32 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn stack(&self) -> &[Frame<'mir, 'tcx, M::PointerTag, M::FrameExtra>] {
-        &self.stack
+    pub(crate) fn stack(&self) -> &[Frame<'mir, 'tcx, M::PointerTag, M::FrameExtra>] {
+        M::stack(self)
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub(crate) fn stack_mut(
+        &mut self,
+    ) -> &mut Vec<Frame<'mir, 'tcx, M::PointerTag, M::FrameExtra>> {
+        M::stack_mut(self)
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn cur_frame(&self) -> usize {
-        assert!(!self.stack.is_empty());
-        self.stack.len() - 1
+    pub fn frame_idx(&self) -> usize {
+        let stack = self.stack();
+        assert!(!stack.is_empty());
+        stack.len() - 1
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn frame(&self) -> &Frame<'mir, 'tcx, M::PointerTag, M::FrameExtra> {
-        self.stack.last().expect("no call frames exist")
+        self.stack().last().expect("no call frames exist")
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn frame_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Frame<'mir, 'tcx, M::PointerTag, M::FrameExtra> {
-        self.stack.last_mut().expect("no call frames exist")
+        self.stack_mut().last_mut().expect("no call frames exist")
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -596,8 +602,8 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         return_place: Option<PlaceTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag>>,
         return_to_block: StackPopCleanup,
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
-        if !self.stack.is_empty() {
-            info!("PAUSING({}) {}", self.cur_frame(), self.frame().instance);
+        if !self.stack().is_empty() {
+            info!("PAUSING({}) {}", self.frame_idx(), self.frame().instance);
         }
         ::log_settings::settings().indentation += 1;
 
@@ -615,7 +621,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             extra: (),
         };
         let frame = M::init_frame_extra(self, pre_frame)?;
-        self.stack.push(frame);
+        self.stack_mut().push(frame);
 
         // don't allocate at all for trivial constants
         if body.local_decls.len() > 1 {
@@ -648,9 +654,9 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         }
 
         M::after_stack_push(self)?;
-        info!("ENTERING({}) {}", self.cur_frame(), self.frame().instance);
+        info!("ENTERING({}) {}", self.frame_idx(), self.frame().instance);
 
-        if self.stack.len() > *self.tcx.sess.recursion_limit.get() {
+        if self.stack().len() > *self.tcx.sess.recursion_limit.get() {
             throw_exhaust!(StackFrameLimitReached)
         } else {
             Ok(())
@@ -705,7 +711,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     pub(super) fn pop_stack_frame(&mut self, unwinding: bool) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
         info!(
             "LEAVING({}) {} (unwinding = {})",
-            self.cur_frame(),
+            self.frame_idx(),
             self.frame().instance,
             unwinding
         );
@@ -720,7 +726,8 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         );
 
         ::log_settings::settings().indentation -= 1;
-        let frame = self.stack.pop().expect("tried to pop a stack frame, but there were none");
+        let frame =
+            self.stack_mut().pop().expect("tried to pop a stack frame, but there were none");
 
         // Now where do we jump next?
 
@@ -735,7 +742,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         };
 
         if !cleanup {
-            assert!(self.stack.is_empty(), "only the topmost frame should ever be leaked");
+            assert!(self.stack().is_empty(), "only the topmost frame should ever be leaked");
             assert!(next_block.is_none(), "tried to skip cleanup when we have a next block!");
             assert!(!unwinding, "tried to skip cleanup during unwinding");
             // Leak the locals, skip validation, skip machine hook.
@@ -784,10 +791,10 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             }
         }
 
-        if !self.stack.is_empty() {
+        if !self.stack().is_empty() {
             info!(
                 "CONTINUING({}) {} (unwinding = {})",
-                self.cur_frame(),
+                self.frame_idx(),
                 self.frame().instance,
                 unwinding
             );
@@ -895,12 +902,12 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             Place::Local { frame, local } => {
                 let mut allocs = Vec::new();
                 let mut msg = format!("{:?}", local);
-                if frame != self.cur_frame() {
-                    write!(msg, " ({} frames up)", self.cur_frame() - frame).unwrap();
+                if frame != self.frame_idx() {
+                    write!(msg, " ({} frames up)", self.frame_idx() - frame).unwrap();
                 }
                 write!(msg, ":").unwrap();
 
-                match self.stack[frame].locals[local].value {
+                match self.stack()[frame].locals[local].value {
                     LocalValue::Dead => write!(msg, " is dead").unwrap(),
                     LocalValue::Uninitialized => write!(msg, " is uninitialized").unwrap(),
                     LocalValue::Live(Operand::Indirect(mplace)) => match mplace.ptr {
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intern.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intern.rs
index b28cd3f0a8dd6..8bc0e2ee6a4c6 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intern.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intern.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ impl<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M: CompileTimeMachine<'mir, 'tcx>> InternVisitor<'rt, 'mir
     }
 }
 
-impl<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M: CompileTimeMachine<'mir, 'tcx>> ValueVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, M>
+impl<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: CompileTimeMachine<'mir, 'tcx>> ValueVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, M>
     for InternVisitor<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M>
 {
     type V = MPlaceTy<'tcx>;
@@ -286,7 +286,10 @@ pub fn intern_const_alloc_recursive<M: CompileTimeMachine<'mir, 'tcx>>(
     intern_kind: InternKind,
     ret: MPlaceTy<'tcx>,
     ignore_interior_mut_in_const_validation: bool,
-) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
+) -> InterpResult<'tcx>
+where
+    'tcx: 'mir,
+{
     let tcx = ecx.tcx;
     let (base_mutability, base_intern_mode) = match intern_kind {
         // `static mut` doesn't care about interior mutability, it's mutable anyway
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intrinsics.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intrinsics.rs
index d976df82577ea..c8bf328ce8eee 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intrinsics.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intrinsics.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ crate fn eval_nullary_intrinsic<'tcx>(
     })
 }
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     /// Returns `true` if emulation happened.
     pub fn emulate_intrinsic(
         &mut self,
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs
index 754f45d9ec05b..91b046d7bb264 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/intrinsics/caller_location.rs
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ use crate::interpret::{
     MPlaceTy, MemoryKind, Scalar,
 };
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     /// Walks up the callstack from the intrinsic's callsite, searching for the first callsite in a
     /// frame which is not `#[track_caller]`.
     crate fn find_closest_untracked_caller_location(&self) -> Span {
-        self.stack
+        self.stack()
             .iter()
             .rev()
             // Find first non-`#[track_caller]` frame.
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/machine.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/machine.rs
index 8bf8d904cb29e..dfdd95c95a364 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/machine.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/machine.rs
@@ -230,6 +230,34 @@ pub trait Machine<'mir, 'tcx>: Sized {
         id
     }
 
+    /// Called when converting a `ty::Const` to an operand (in
+    /// `eval_const_to_op`).
+    ///
+    /// Miri uses this callback for creating per thread allocations for thread
+    /// locals. In Rust, one way of creating a thread local is by marking a
+    /// static with `#[thread_local]`. On supported platforms this gets
+    /// translated to a LLVM thread local for which LLVM automatically ensures
+    /// that each thread gets its own copy. Since LLVM automatically handles
+    /// thread locals, the Rust compiler just treats thread local statics as
+    /// regular statics even though accessing a thread local static should be an
+    /// effectful computation that depends on the current thread. The long term
+    /// plan is to change MIR to make accesses to thread locals explicit
+    /// (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/70685). While the issue 70685
+    /// is not fixed, our current workaround in Miri is to use this function to
+    /// make per-thread copies of thread locals. Please note that we cannot make
+    /// these copies in `canonical_alloc_id` because that is too late: for
+    /// example, if one created a pointer in thread `t1` to a thread local and
+    /// sent it to another thread `t2`, resolving the access in
+    /// `canonical_alloc_id` would result in pointer pointing to `t2`'s thread
+    /// local and not `t1` as it should.
+    #[inline]
+    fn adjust_global_const(
+        _ecx: &InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>,
+        val: mir::interpret::ConstValue<'tcx>,
+    ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, mir::interpret::ConstValue<'tcx>> {
+        Ok(val)
+    }
+
     /// Called to initialize the "extra" state of an allocation and make the pointers
     /// it contains (in relocations) tagged.  The way we construct allocations is
     /// to always first construct it without extra and then add the extra.
@@ -285,6 +313,16 @@ pub trait Machine<'mir, 'tcx>: Sized {
         frame: Frame<'mir, 'tcx, Self::PointerTag>,
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Frame<'mir, 'tcx, Self::PointerTag, Self::FrameExtra>>;
 
+    /// Borrow the current thread's stack.
+    fn stack(
+        ecx: &'a InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> &'a [Frame<'mir, 'tcx, Self::PointerTag, Self::FrameExtra>];
+
+    /// Mutably borrow the current thread's stack.
+    fn stack_mut(
+        ecx: &'a mut InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> &'a mut Vec<Frame<'mir, 'tcx, Self::PointerTag, Self::FrameExtra>>;
+
     /// Called immediately after a stack frame got pushed and its locals got initialized.
     fn after_stack_push(_ecx: &mut InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
         Ok(())
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/operand.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/operand.rs
index 2317a1fea0792..31e6fbdceee4a 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/operand.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/operand.rs
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ impl<'tcx, Tag: Copy> ImmTy<'tcx, Tag> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     /// Normalice `place.ptr` to a `Pointer` if this is a place and not a ZST.
     /// Can be helpful to avoid lots of `force_ptr` calls later, if this place is used a lot.
     #[inline]
@@ -440,7 +440,9 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, OpTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag>> {
         let op = match *place {
             Place::Ptr(mplace) => Operand::Indirect(mplace),
-            Place::Local { frame, local } => *self.access_local(&self.stack[frame], local, None)?,
+            Place::Local { frame, local } => {
+                *self.access_local(&self.stack()[frame], local, None)?
+            }
         };
         Ok(OpTy { op, layout: place.layout })
     }
@@ -528,6 +530,10 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
                 // potentially requiring the current static to be evaluated again. This is not a
                 // problem here, because we are building an operand which means an actual read is
                 // happening.
+                //
+                // The machine callback `adjust_global_const` below is guaranteed to
+                // be called for all constants because `const_eval` calls
+                // `eval_const_to_op` recursively.
                 return Ok(self.const_eval(GlobalId { instance, promoted }, val.ty)?);
             }
             ty::ConstKind::Infer(..)
@@ -537,6 +543,10 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             }
             ty::ConstKind::Value(val_val) => val_val,
         };
+        // This call allows the machine to create fresh allocation ids for
+        // thread-local statics (see the `adjust_global_const` function
+        // documentation).
+        let val_val = M::adjust_global_const(self, val_val)?;
         // Other cases need layout.
         let layout = from_known_layout(self.tcx, layout, || self.layout_of(val.ty))?;
         let op = match val_val {
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/operator.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/operator.rs
index 0aa7e98f3edfa..d651267f82b79 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/operator.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/operator.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use rustc_target::abi::LayoutOf;
 
 use super::{ImmTy, Immediate, InterpCx, Machine, PlaceTy};
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     /// Applies the binary operation `op` to the two operands and writes a tuple of the result
     /// and a boolean signifying the potential overflow to the destination.
     pub fn binop_with_overflow(
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     fn binary_char_op(
         &self,
         bin_op: mir::BinOp,
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/place.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/place.rs
index 71275452fb688..af3a9da2f6ca6 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/place.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/place.rs
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ impl<'tcx, Tag: ::std::fmt::Debug> PlaceTy<'tcx, Tag> {
 }
 
 // separating the pointer tag for `impl Trait`, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/54385
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, Tag, M> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M>
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, Tag, M> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M>
 where
     // FIXME: Working around https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/54385
     Tag: ::std::fmt::Debug + Copy + Eq + Hash + 'static,
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ where
             }
             local => PlaceTy {
                 // This works even for dead/uninitialized locals; we check further when writing
-                place: Place::Local { frame: self.cur_frame(), local },
+                place: Place::Local { frame: self.frame_idx(), local },
                 layout: self.layout_of_local(self.frame(), local, None)?,
             },
         };
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ where
         // but not factored as a separate function.
         let mplace = match dest.place {
             Place::Local { frame, local } => {
-                match self.stack[frame].locals[local].access_mut()? {
+                match self.stack_mut()[frame].locals[local].access_mut()? {
                     Ok(local) => {
                         // Local can be updated in-place.
                         *local = LocalValue::Live(Operand::Immediate(src));
@@ -985,14 +985,15 @@ where
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, (MPlaceTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag>, Option<Size>)> {
         let (mplace, size) = match place.place {
             Place::Local { frame, local } => {
-                match self.stack[frame].locals[local].access_mut()? {
+                match self.stack_mut()[frame].locals[local].access_mut()? {
                     Ok(&mut local_val) => {
                         // We need to make an allocation.
 
                         // We need the layout of the local.  We can NOT use the layout we got,
                         // that might e.g., be an inner field of a struct with `Scalar` layout,
                         // that has different alignment than the outer field.
-                        let local_layout = self.layout_of_local(&self.stack[frame], local, None)?;
+                        let local_layout =
+                            self.layout_of_local(&self.stack()[frame], local, None)?;
                         // We also need to support unsized types, and hence cannot use `allocate`.
                         let (size, align) = self
                             .size_and_align_of(meta, local_layout)?
@@ -1008,7 +1009,7 @@ where
                         }
                         // Now we can call `access_mut` again, asserting it goes well,
                         // and actually overwrite things.
-                        *self.stack[frame].locals[local].access_mut().unwrap().unwrap() =
+                        *self.stack_mut()[frame].locals[local].access_mut().unwrap().unwrap() =
                             LocalValue::Live(Operand::Indirect(mplace));
                         (mplace, Some(size))
                     }
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/step.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/step.rs
index 37740878f7043..aae708827b953 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/step.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/step.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fn binop_right_homogeneous(op: mir::BinOp) -> bool {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     pub fn run(&mut self) -> InterpResult<'tcx> {
         while self.step()? {}
         Ok(())
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     /// This is marked `#inline(always)` to work around adverserial codegen when `opt-level = 3`
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn step(&mut self) -> InterpResult<'tcx, bool> {
-        if self.stack.is_empty() {
+        if self.stack().is_empty() {
             return Ok(false);
         }
 
@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         let body = self.body();
         let basic_block = &body.basic_blocks()[block];
 
-        let old_frames = self.cur_frame();
+        let old_frames = self.frame_idx();
 
         if let Some(stmt) = basic_block.statements.get(stmt_id) {
-            assert_eq!(old_frames, self.cur_frame());
+            assert_eq!(old_frames, self.frame_idx());
             self.statement(stmt)?;
             return Ok(true);
         }
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         M::before_terminator(self)?;
 
         let terminator = basic_block.terminator();
-        assert_eq!(old_frames, self.cur_frame());
+        assert_eq!(old_frames, self.frame_idx());
         self.terminator(terminator)?;
         Ok(true)
     }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
 
         // Some statements (e.g., box) push new stack frames.
         // We have to record the stack frame number *before* executing the statement.
-        let frame_idx = self.cur_frame();
+        let frame_idx = self.frame_idx();
 
         match &stmt.kind {
             Assign(box (place, rvalue)) => self.eval_rvalue_into_place(rvalue, *place)?,
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             LlvmInlineAsm { .. } => throw_unsup_format!("inline assembly is not supported"),
         }
 
-        self.stack[frame_idx].stmt += 1;
+        self.stack_mut()[frame_idx].stmt += 1;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
         self.set_span(terminator.source_info.span);
 
         self.eval_terminator(terminator)?;
-        if !self.stack.is_empty() {
+        if !self.stack().is_empty() {
             if let Some(block) = self.frame().block {
                 info!("// executing {:?}", block);
             }
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/terminator.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/terminator.rs
index 49fee1bddcb6d..7157225e5c9bb 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/terminator.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/terminator.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use super::{
     FnVal, ImmTy, InterpCx, InterpResult, MPlaceTy, Machine, OpTy, PlaceTy, StackPopCleanup,
 };
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     pub(super) fn eval_terminator(
         &mut self,
         terminator: &mir::Terminator<'tcx>,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
             }
 
             Call { ref func, ref args, destination, ref cleanup, .. } => {
-                let old_stack = self.cur_frame();
+                let old_stack = self.frame_idx();
                 let old_bb = self.frame().block;
                 let func = self.eval_operand(func, None)?;
                 let (fn_val, abi) = match func.layout.ty.kind {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
                 self.eval_fn_call(fn_val, abi, &args[..], ret, *cleanup)?;
                 // Sanity-check that `eval_fn_call` either pushed a new frame or
                 // did a jump to another block.
-                if self.cur_frame() == old_stack && self.frame().block == old_bb {
+                if self.frame_idx() == old_stack && self.frame().block == old_bb {
                     span_bug!(terminator.source_info.span, "evaluating this call made no progress");
                 }
             }
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
                 };
                 match res {
                     Err(err) => {
-                        self.stack.pop();
+                        self.stack_mut().pop();
                         Err(err)
                     }
                     Ok(()) => Ok(()),
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/traits.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/traits.rs
index fb9401c7d8f28..7edd787c986bd 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/traits.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/traits.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use rustc_target::abi::{Align, HasDataLayout, LayoutOf, Size};
 
 use super::{FnVal, InterpCx, Machine, MemoryKind};
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     /// Creates a dynamic vtable for the given type and vtable origin. This is used only for
     /// objects.
     ///
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/validity.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/validity.rs
index 2dffd78d776bd..e97a39f8c6fec 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/validity.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/validity.rs
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ struct ValidityVisitor<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> {
     ecx: &'rt InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M>,
 }
 
-impl<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> ValidityVisitor<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> ValidityVisitor<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     fn aggregate_field_path_elem(&mut self, layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>, field: usize) -> PathElem {
         // First, check if we are projecting to a variant.
         match layout.variants {
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ impl<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> ValidityVisitor<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M
     }
 }
 
-impl<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> ValueVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, M>
+impl<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> ValueVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, M>
     for ValidityVisitor<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M>
 {
     type V = OpTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag>;
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ impl<'rt, 'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> ValueVisitor<'mir, 'tcx, M>
     }
 }
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     fn validate_operand_internal(
         &self,
         op: OpTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag>,
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/visitor.rs b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/visitor.rs
index 00d39452c49d5..903aa377a3d7d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/interpret/visitor.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/interpret/visitor.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub trait Value<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>>: Copy {
 
 // Operands and memory-places are both values.
 // Places in general are not due to `place_field` having to do `force_allocation`.
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> Value<'mir, 'tcx, M> for OpTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> Value<'mir, 'tcx, M> for OpTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag> {
     #[inline(always)]
     fn layout(&self) -> TyAndLayout<'tcx> {
         self.layout
@@ -75,7 +75,9 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> Value<'mir, 'tcx, M> for OpTy<'tcx, M::
     }
 }
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> Value<'mir, 'tcx, M> for MPlaceTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag> {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> Value<'mir, 'tcx, M>
+    for MPlaceTy<'tcx, M::PointerTag>
+{
     #[inline(always)]
     fn layout(&self) -> TyAndLayout<'tcx> {
         self.layout
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/transform/const_prop.rs b/src/librustc_mir/transform/const_prop.rs
index cf1c70241bc6e..79dba2c5db8fb 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/transform/const_prop.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/transform/const_prop.rs
@@ -158,9 +158,18 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for ConstProp {
     }
 }
 
-struct ConstPropMachine;
+struct ConstPropMachine<'mir, 'tcx> {
+    /// The virtual call stack.
+    stack: Vec<Frame<'mir, 'tcx, (), ()>>,
+}
 
-impl<'mir, 'tcx> interpret::Machine<'mir, 'tcx> for ConstPropMachine {
+impl<'mir, 'tcx> ConstPropMachine<'mir, 'tcx> {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { stack: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'mir, 'tcx> interpret::Machine<'mir, 'tcx> for ConstPropMachine<'mir, 'tcx> {
     type MemoryKind = !;
     type PointerTag = ();
     type ExtraFnVal = !;
@@ -296,11 +305,25 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> interpret::Machine<'mir, 'tcx> for ConstPropMachine {
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, Frame<'mir, 'tcx>> {
         Ok(frame)
     }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn stack(
+        ecx: &'a InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> &'a [Frame<'mir, 'tcx, Self::PointerTag, Self::FrameExtra>] {
+        &ecx.machine.stack
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn stack_mut(
+        ecx: &'a mut InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, Self>,
+    ) -> &'a mut Vec<Frame<'mir, 'tcx, Self::PointerTag, Self::FrameExtra>> {
+        &mut ecx.machine.stack
+    }
 }
 
 /// Finds optimization opportunities on the MIR.
 struct ConstPropagator<'mir, 'tcx> {
-    ecx: InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, ConstPropMachine>,
+    ecx: InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, ConstPropMachine<'mir, 'tcx>>,
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     can_const_prop: IndexVec<Local, ConstPropMode>,
     param_env: ParamEnv<'tcx>,
@@ -349,7 +372,7 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx> ConstPropagator<'mir, 'tcx> {
         let param_env = tcx.param_env(def_id).with_reveal_all();
 
         let span = tcx.def_span(def_id);
-        let mut ecx = InterpCx::new(tcx.at(span), param_env, ConstPropMachine, ());
+        let mut ecx = InterpCx::new(tcx.at(span), param_env, ConstPropMachine::new(), ());
         let can_const_prop = CanConstProp::check(body);
 
         let ret = ecx