…aliases.

…tcx>.

Else, links to `char::foo` would point into `/path/to/src/libcore/std/primitive.char.html#method.foo`.

Split out from rust-lang#73804.

If there are no `DerefMut` impl for the type.

They both produce less-than-desirable output (links going to docs.rust-lang.org), but I haven't figured out yet how to assert about them properly.

For the two of these tests that have a local `char` to link to, this behavior isn't what's expected, but is what's happening presently.

This reverts commit ee3a0f8.

Keep congruency with other parts, full word vector is rarely used.

Closes rust-lang#74050

r? @matthewjasper

Other terms are more inclusive and precise.

Clippy still has a lint named "blacklisted-name", but renaming it would
be a breaking change, so is left for future work.

The target configuration option "abi-blacklist" has been depreciated and
renamed to "unsupported-abis". The old name continues to work.

There don't seem to be any other compiletests that are 1) building a standalone "no_core" create and then 2) trying to link against it. There seems to be a platform-specific limitation in doing so:

```
2020-07-08T16:07:42.9419409Z   = note:    Creating library D:\a\rust\rust\build\i686-pc-windows-msvc\test\rustdoc\intra-link-prim-methods-external-core\auxiliary\my_core.dll.lib and object D:\a\rust\rust\build\i686-pc-windows-msvc\test\rustdoc\intra-link-prim-methods-external-core\auxiliary\my_core.dll.exp
2020-07-08T16:07:42.9419810Z           LINK : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol __DllMainCRTStartup@12
2020-07-08T16:07:42.9420032Z           D:\a\rust\rust\build\i686-pc-windows-msvc\test\rustdoc\intra-link-prim-methods-external-core\auxiliary\my_core.dll : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals
```

Possibly this could be resolved by adding a `__DllMainCRTStartup` or `__DllMainCRTStartup@12` symbol in an architecture- and platform-specific way.

Do not trigger on correct type ascription expressions with trailing
operators and _do_ trigger on likely path typos where a turbofish is
used.

On likely path typos, remove note explaining type ascription.

Add Integer::checked_{log,log2,log10}

This implements `{log,log2,log10}` methods for all integer types. The implementation was provided by @substack for use in the stdlib.

_Note: I'm not big on math, so this PR is a best effort written with limited knowledge. It's likely I'll be getting things wrong, but happy to learn and correct. Please bare with me._

## Motivation
Calculating the logarithm of a number is a generally useful operation. Currently the stdlib only provides implementations for floats, which means that if we want to calculate the logarithm for an integer we have to cast it to a float and then back to an int.

> would be nice if there was an integer log2 instead of having to either use the f32 version or leading_zeros() which i have to verify the results of every time to be sure

_— [@substack, 2020-03-08](https://twitter.com/substack/status/1236445105197727744)_

At higher numbers converting from an integer to a float we also risk overflows. This means that Rust currently only provides log operations for a limited set of integers.

The process of doing log operations by converting between floats and integers is also prone to rounding errors. In the following example we're trying to calculate `base10` for an integer. We might try and calculate the `base2` for the values, and attempt [a base swap](https://www.rapidtables.com/math/algebra/Logarithm.html#log-rules) to arrive at `base10`. However because we're performing intermediate rounding we arrive at the wrong result:

```rust
// log10(900) = ~2.95 = 2
dbg!(900f32.log10() as u64);

// log base change rule: logb(x) = logc(x) / logc(b)
// log2(900) / log2(10) = 9/3 = 3
dbg!((900f32.log2() as u64) / (10f32.log2() as u64));
```
_[playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2018&gist=6bd6c68b3539e400f9ca4fdc6fc2eed0)_

This is somewhat nuanced as a lot of the time it'll work well, but in real world code this could lead to some hard to track bugs. By providing correct log implementations directly on integers we can help prevent errors around this.

## Implementation notes

I checked whether LLVM intrinsics existed before implementing this, and none exist yet. ~~Also I couldn't really find a better way to write the `ilog` function. One option would be to make it a private method on the number, but I didn't see any precedent for that. I also didn't know where to best place the tests, so I added them to the bottom of the file. Even though they might seem like quite a lot they take no time to execute.~~

## References

- [Log rules](https://www.rapidtables.com/math/algebra/Logarithm.html#log-rules)
- [Rounding error playground](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2018&gist=6bd6c68b3539e400f9ca4fdc6fc2eed0)
- [substack's tweet asking about integer log2 in the stdlib](https://twitter.com/substack/status/1236445105197727744)
- [Integer Logarithm, A. Jaffer 2008](https://people.csail.mit.edu/jaffer/III/ilog.pdf)

… r=Dylan-DPC

Fixing broken link for the Eq trait

Fixes rust-lang#73233.

…llaumeGomez,jyn514

Allow for parentheses after macro intra-doc-links

None

…atsakis

 Use for<'tcx> fn pointers in Providers, instead of having Providers<'tcx>.

In order to work around normalization-under-HRTB (for `provide!` in `rustc_metadata`), we ended up with this:
```rust
struct Providers<'tcx> {
    type_of: fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, DefId) -> Ty<'tcx>,
    // ...
}
```
But what I initially wanted to do, IIRC, was this:
```rust
struct Providers {
    type_of: for<'tcx> fn(TyCtxt<'tcx>, DefId) -> Ty<'tcx>,
    // ...
}
```

This PR moves to the latter, for the simple reason that only the latter allows keeping a `Providers` value, or a subset of its `fn` pointer fields, around in a `static` or `thread_local!`, which can be really useful for custom drivers that override queries.
(@jyn514 and I came across a concrete usecase of that in `rustdoc`)

The `provide!` macro in `rustc_metadata` is fixed by making the query key/value types available as type aliases under `ty::query::query_{keys,values}`, not just associated types (this is the first commit).

r? @nikomatsakis

…link, r=jyn514

Use relative path for local links to primitives

Else, links to `char::foo` would point into `/path/to/src/libcore/std/primitive.char.html#method.foo`.

Split out from rust-lang#73804.

Hide `&mut self` methods from Deref in sidebar if there are no `DerefMut` impl for the type.

This partially addresses rust-lang#74083.

Only allow `repr(i128/u128)` on enum

Fixes rust-lang#74082

Correctly mark the ending span of a match arm

Closes rust-lang#74050

r? @matthewjasper

Update books

## book

3 commits in 4e7c00bece1544d409312ec93467beb62b5bd0cb..84a31397b34f9d405df44f2899ff17a4828dba18
2020-06-19 09:39:12 -0400 to 2020-07-04 10:50:18 -0500
- Update Windows install instructions (rust-lang/book#2389)
- Update ch01-02-hello-world.md (rust-lang/book#2386)
- bump mdbook version in github action (rust-lang/book#2380)

## reference

2 commits in 04d5d5d7ba624b6f5016298451f3a63d557f3260..0ea7bc494f1289234d8800bb9185021e0ad946f0
2020-06-16 15:08:05 -0700 to 2020-07-02 15:33:04 -0700
- Fix mis-capitalization of type name. (rust-lang/reference#844)
- Fix name of trait for array indexing. (rust-lang/reference#840)

## embedded-book

1 commits in 616962ad0dd80f34d8b802da038d0aed9dd691bb..94d9ea8460bcbbbfef1877b47cb930260b5849a7
2020-06-23 16:03:45 +0000 to 2020-07-05 14:17:40 +0000
- Note on transformation of static variables by attribute exception  (rust-embedded/book#251)

## rust-by-example

1 commits in 6f94ccb48da6fa4ed0031290f21411cf789f7d5e..229c6945a26a53a751ffa4f9cb418388c00029d3
2020-06-20 17:51:30 -0300 to 2020-07-06 10:13:15 -0300
- Modify comments (rust-lang/rust-by-example#1359)

…umeGomez

Fix broken link in rustdocdoc

The previous link redirects to https://www.rust-lang.org/learn.

Update cargo

6 commits in fede83ccf973457de319ba6fa0e36ead454d2e20..4f74d9b2a771c58b7ef4906b2668afd075bc8081
2020-07-02 21:51:34 +0000 to 2020-07-08 17:13:00 +0000
- Disable long_file_names test if not supported on Windows. (rust-lang/cargo#8469)
- Add support for deserializing enums in config files (rust-lang/cargo#8454)
- Write GNU tar files, supporting long names. (rust-lang/cargo#8453)
- Don't overwrite existing `rustdoc` args with --document-private-items (rust-lang/cargo#8449)
- Add some help about rustup's +toolchain syntax. (rust-lang/cargo#8455)
- Update metadata man page. (rust-lang/cargo#8451)

Liballoc use vec instead of vector

Keep congruency with other parts, full word vector is rarely used.

update miri

Fixes rust-lang#74132
Cc @rust-lang/miri r? @ghost

Avoid "blacklist"

Other terms are more inclusive and precise.

Clippy still has a lint named "blacklisted-name", but renaming it would
be a breaking change, so is left for future work.

The target configuration option "abi-blacklist" has been depreciated and
renamed to "unsupported-abis". The old name continues to work.

…umeGomez

Add docs for intra-doc-links

Fixes rust-lang#66000

Hmm, for some reason my push closed the previous PR

…istic, r=petrochenkov

Tweak `::` -> `:` typo heuristic and reduce verbosity

Do not trigger on correct type ascription expressions with trailing
operators and _do_ trigger on likely path typos where a turbofish is
used.

On likely path typos, remove note explaining type ascription.

Clean up indentation.

r? @petrochenkov