Convert rootof function from giac

[mforets]

Provide a corresponding Sage function for Giac's rootof. From the inline help of XCAS:

rootof(LstPoly(P),LstPoly(Q)): Polynomial in terms of a root of an irreducible polynomial on Q. Returns P(a) with a the greatest root of Q.

For example,

sage: giac.simplify((exp(2*i*pi/3)+exp(2*i*pi/15))^3)
((-768*i)*(-1)^(2/15)*sqrt(3)-768*(-1)^(2/15)+768*i*(-1)^(4/15)*sqrt(3)-768*(-1)^(4/15)+rootof([[16-16*i,-16+16*i,-400+528*i,144+240*i],[1,0,-30,-40,5]]))/512

This seems different from #22024.

Depends on #22024

CC: @rwst @frederichan-IMJPRG @slel

Component: symbolics

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/23015

[nasser1]

comment:3

fyi, This still shows up in 8.9

var('x')
integrate(x^6/(2*x^5+3)^3,x, algorithm="giac")
NotImplementedError: Unable to parse Giac output: rootof(

[mkoeppe]

comment:6

Setting new milestone based on a cursory review of ticket status, priority, and last modification date.