automated_test.py

import pytest
import sys

import fastremap
import cc3d
import numpy as np

INT_TYPES = [
  np.int8, np.int16, np.int32, np.int64,
  np.uint8, np.uint16, np.uint32, np.uint64,
]

TEST_TYPES = INT_TYPES + [ np.float16, np.float32, np.float64 ]

OUT_TYPES = [ np.uint16, np.uint32, np.uint64 ]

def gt_c2f(gt):
  f_gt = np.copy(gt)
  mx = np.max(gt) + 1
  f_gt[ f_gt == 2 ] = mx
  f_gt[ f_gt == 3 ] = 2
  f_gt[ f_gt == mx ] = 3
  return f_gt

def test_empty():
  labels = np.zeros((0,0), dtype=np.uint32)
  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels)
  assert out.size == 0

  labels = np.zeros((0,0,0), dtype=np.uint32)
  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels)
  assert out.size == 0

  labels = np.zeros((0,0), dtype=np.uint32)
  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, return_N=True)
  assert N == 0
  assert out.size == 0

  labels = np.zeros((0,0,0), dtype=np.uint32)
  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, return_N=True)
  assert N == 0
  assert out.size == 0


def test_1d_array():
  labels, N = cc3d.connected_components(np.array([[[1,1,1,1]]]), return_N=True)
  assert N == 1
  assert np.all(labels == np.array([[[1,1,1,1]]]))


@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (4, 6, 8, 18, 26))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
def test_2d_square(dtype, connectivity):
  def test(order, ground_truth):
    input_labels = np.zeros( (16,16), dtype=dtype, order=order )
    input_labels[:8,:8] = 8
    input_labels[8:,:8] = 9
    input_labels[:8,8:] = 10
    input_labels[8:,8:] = 11

    output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(
      input_labels, connectivity=connectivity
    ).astype(dtype)
    
    print(output_labels)

    assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth.astype(dtype))

  ground_truth = np.array([
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
  ])

  test('C', ground_truth)
  test('F', ground_truth.T)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (4, 6, 8, 18, 26))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
def test_2d_rectangle(dtype, connectivity):
  def test(order, ground_truth):
    input_labels = np.zeros( (16,13), dtype=dtype, order=order )
    input_labels[:8,:8] = 8
    input_labels[8:,:8] = 9
    input_labels[:8,8:] = 10
    input_labels[8:,8:] = 11

    output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(
      input_labels, connectivity=connectivity
    ).astype(dtype)
    print(output_labels.shape)
    output_labels = output_labels[:,:]

    print(output_labels)

    assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth.astype(dtype))

  ground_truth = np.array([
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
  ])

  test('C', ground_truth)
  test('F', gt_c2f(ground_truth))

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (4, 6, 8, 18, 26))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
def test_2d_cross(dtype, connectivity):
  def test(order, ground_truth):
    input_labels = np.zeros( (17,17), dtype=dtype, order=order)
    input_labels[:] = 1
    input_labels[:,8] = 0
    input_labels[8,:] = 0

    output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, connectivity=connectivity).astype(dtype)
    print(output_labels)

    assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth)

    input_labels[9:,9:] = 2
    output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, connectivity=connectivity).astype(dtype)
    output_labels = output_labels[:,:]
    assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth)

  ground_truth = np.array([
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
  ], dtype=np.uint32)

  test('C', ground_truth)
  test('F', gt_c2f(ground_truth))

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (8, 18, 26))
def test_2d_diagonals_8_connected(connectivity):
  input_labels = np.array([
    [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
  ], dtype=np.uint32)

  ground_truth = np.array([
    [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 5, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
  ], dtype=np.uint32)

  output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, connectivity=connectivity)
  print(output_labels)
  assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (4, 6))
def test_2d_diagonals_4_connected(connectivity):
  input_labels = np.array([
    [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
  ], dtype=np.uint32)

  ground_truth_sauf = np.array([
    [0,  0,  1, 0,  2,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [3,  0,  0, 4,  0,  0,  5,  0,  6,  6,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0,  7,  0, 0,  8,  0,  0,  0,  6,  6,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [9,  0, 10, 0,  0,  0, 11, 11,  0,  0, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0,  0,  0, 0,  0,  0, 11, 11,  0,  0, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0,  0, 13, 0, 14,  0,  0,  0,  0, 15,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 16,  0, 0,  0,  17, 0,  0, 18,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
  ], dtype=np.uint32)

  ground_truth_bbdt = np.array([
    [0,  0,  2, 0,  4,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [1,  0,  0, 3,  0,  0,  5,  0,  6,  6,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0,  8,  0, 0, 10,  0,  0,  0,  6,  6,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [7,  0,  9, 0,  0,  0, 11, 11,  0,  0, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0,  0,  0, 0,  0,  0, 11, 11,  0,  0, 12, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0,  0, 13, 0, 14,  0,  0,  0,  0, 15,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [0, 16,  0, 0,  0,  17, 0,  0, 18,  0,  0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
  ], dtype=np.uint32)

  output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, connectivity=connectivity)
  print(output_labels)
  assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth_sauf) or np.all(output_labels == ground_truth_bbdt)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (4, 6, 8, 18, 26))
def test_2d_cross_with_intruder(connectivity):
  def test(order, ground_truth):
    input_labels = np.zeros( (5,5), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
    input_labels[:] = 1
    input_labels[:,2] = 0
    input_labels[2,:] = 0
    input_labels[3:,3:] = 2
    input_labels[3,3] = 1

    output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, connectivity=connectivity).astype(np.uint8)
    assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth)

  ground_truth = np.array([
    [1, 1, 0, 2, 2],
    [1, 1, 0, 2, 2],
    [0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
    [3, 3, 0, 4, 5],
    [3, 3, 0, 5, 5],
  ], dtype=np.uint8)

  test("C", ground_truth)
  test("F", gt_c2f(ground_truth))

@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ('C', 'F'))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (6,18,26))
def test_3d_all_different(order, connectivity):
  input_labels = np.arange(0, 100 * 99 * 98).astype(np.uint32) + 1
  input_labels = input_labels.reshape((100,99,98), order=order)

  output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, connectivity=connectivity)

  assert np.unique(output_labels).shape[0] == 100*99*98
  assert output_labels.shape == (100, 99, 98)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("out_dtype", (None, np.uint16, np.uint32, np.uint64))
def test_out_dtype_empty(out_dtype):
  labels = np.zeros((512,512,512), dtype=np.uint8)
  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, out_dtype=out_dtype)
  if out_dtype is None:
    assert out.dtype == np.uint16
  else:
    assert out.dtype == out_dtype

def test_out_dtype_invalid():
  labels = np.zeros((512,512,512), dtype=np.uint8)
  try:
    out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, out_dtype=np.uint8)
    assert False
  except ValueError:
    pass

def test_out_dtype_too_small():
  labels = np.arange(0, 41 ** 3).astype(np.uint32) + 1
  try:
    out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, out_dtype=np.uint16)
    assert False
  except ValueError:
    pass  

@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
def test_3d_cross(dtype):
  def test(order, ground_truth):
    print(order)
    input_labels = np.zeros( (7,7,7), dtype=dtype, order=order )
    input_labels[:] = 1
    input_labels[:,3,:] = 0
    input_labels[:,:,3] = 0

    output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels).astype(dtype)
    print(output_labels)
    assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth)

    input_labels[:,4:,4:] = 2
    output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels).astype(dtype)
    assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth)

  ground_truth = np.array([
     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4]]], dtype=np.uint32)

  test('C', ground_truth)
  test('F', gt_c2f(ground_truth))

@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
def test_3d_cross_asymmetrical(dtype):
  def test(order, ground_truth):
    print(order)
    input_labels = np.zeros( (7,7,8), dtype=dtype, order=order )
    input_labels[:] = 1
    input_labels[:,3,:] = 0
    input_labels[:,:,3] = 0

    output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels).astype(dtype)
    print(output_labels)
    assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth)

    input_labels[:,4:,4:] = 2
    output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels).astype(dtype)
    assert np.all(output_labels == ground_truth)

  ground_truth = np.array([
     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4]],

     [[1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2],
      [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4],
      [3, 3, 3, 0, 4, 4, 4, 4]],

    ], dtype=np.uint32)

  test('C', ground_truth)
  test('F', gt_c2f(ground_truth))

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (6,18,26))
def test_epl_special_case(connectivity):
  sx = 256
  sy = 257
  sz = 252
  img = np.zeros((sx,sy,sz), dtype=np.uint8, order="F")
  y = np.random.randint(0,sy)
  z = np.random.randint(0,sz)

  img[:,y,z] = 6
  out = cc3d.connected_components(img, connectivity=connectivity)

  epl, start, end = cc3d.estimate_provisional_labels(img)
  assert epl == 1
  assert start == y + sy * z
  assert end == start
  assert out.dtype == np.uint16

  gt = np.zeros(img.shape, dtype=np.uint8, order="F")
  gt[:,y,z] = 1
  assert np.all(out == gt)

  img[:100,y,z] = 3
  gt[100:,y,z] = 2
  epl, start, end = cc3d.estimate_provisional_labels(img)
  out = cc3d.connected_components(img, connectivity=connectivity)
  assert epl == 2
  assert start == end
  print(gt[:,y,z])
  print(out[:,y,z])
  assert np.all(out == gt)  

@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Windows 32-bit not supported.")
def test_512_cube_no_segfault_no_jitsu(): 
  input_labels = np.arange(0, 512 ** 3).astype(np.uint64).reshape((512,512,512))
  output_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels)

def test_max_labels_nonsensical():
  input_labels = np.arange(0, 64 ** 3).astype(np.uint64).reshape((64,64,64))
  real_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, max_labels=64*64*64)
  zero_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, max_labels=0)
  negative_labels = cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, max_labels=-50)

  assert np.all(real_labels == zero_labels)
  assert np.all(real_labels == negative_labels)

def test_compare_scipy_26():
  import scipy.ndimage.measurements

  sx, sy, sz = 128, 128, 128
  labels = np.random.randint(0,2, (sx,sy,sz), dtype=bool)

  structure = [
    [[1,1,1], [1,1,1], [1,1,1]],
    [[1,1,1], [1,1,1], [1,1,1]],
    [[1,1,1], [1,1,1], [1,1,1]]
  ]

  cc3d_labels, Ncc3d = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=26, return_N=True)
  scipy_labels, Nscipy = scipy.ndimage.measurements.label(labels, structure=structure)

  print(cc3d_labels)
  print(scipy_labels)

  assert Ncc3d == Nscipy
  assert np.all(cc3d_labels == scipy_labels)

def test_compare_scipy_18():
  import scipy.ndimage.measurements

  sx, sy, sz = 256, 256, 256
  labels = np.random.randint(0,2, (sx,sy,sz), dtype=bool)

  structure = [
    [[0,1,0], [1,1,1], [0,1,0]],
    [[1,1,1], [1,1,1], [1,1,1]],
    [[0,1,0], [1,1,1], [0,1,0]]
  ]

  cc3d_labels, Ncc3d = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=18, return_N=True)
  scipy_labels, Nscipy = scipy.ndimage.measurements.label(labels, structure=structure)

  print(cc3d_labels)
  print(scipy_labels)

  assert Ncc3d == Nscipy
  assert np.all(cc3d_labels == scipy_labels)

def test_compare_scipy_6():
  import scipy.ndimage.measurements

  sx, sy, sz = 256, 256, 256
  labels = np.random.randint(0,2, (sx,sy,sz), dtype=bool)

  cc3d_labels, Ncc3d = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6, return_N=True)
  scipy_labels, Nscipy = scipy.ndimage.measurements.label(labels)

  print(cc3d_labels)
  print(scipy_labels)

  assert Ncc3d == Nscipy
  assert np.all(cc3d_labels == scipy_labels)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (6,18,26))
def test_return_N(connectivity):
  labels = np.zeros((10,10,10), dtype=np.uint8)
  cc3d_labels, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=connectivity, return_N=True)
  assert N == 0
  assert np.max(cc3d_labels) == 0

  labels = np.ones((10,10,10), dtype=np.uint8) + 2
  cc3d_labels, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=connectivity, return_N=True)
  assert N == 1
  assert np.max(cc3d_labels) == 1

  labels = np.ones((512,512,512), dtype=np.uint8, order='F')
  labels[256:,:256,:256] = 2
  labels[256:,256:,:256] = 3
  labels[:256,256:,:256] = 4
  labels[256:,256:,256:] = 5
  labels[:256,256:,256:] = 6
  labels[256:,:256,256:] = 7 
  labels[:256,:256,256:] = 8
  labels[128, 128, 128] = 9
  cc3d_labels, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=connectivity, return_N=True)
  assert N == 9
  assert np.max(cc3d_labels) == 9

  labels = np.random.randint(0,2, (128,128,128), dtype=bool)
  cc3d_labels, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=connectivity, return_N=True)
  assert N == np.max(cc3d_labels)


# @pytest.mark.skipif("sys.maxsize <= 2**33")
# @pytest.mark.xfail(raises=MemoryError, reason="Some build tools don't have enough memory for this.")
# def test_sixty_four_bit():
#   input_labels = np.ones((1626,1626,1626), dtype=np.uint8)
#   cc3d.connected_components(input_labels, max_labels=3)  

@pytest.mark.parametrize("size", (255,256))
def test_stress_upper_bound_for_binary_6(size):
  labels = np.zeros((size,size,size), dtype=bool)
  for z in range(labels.shape[2]):
    for y in range(labels.shape[1]):
      off = (y + (z % 2)) % 2
      labels[off::2,y,z] = True

  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6)
  assert np.max(out) + 1 <= (256**3) // 2 + 1

@pytest.mark.parametrize("size", (255,256))
def test_stress_upper_bound_for_binary_8(size):
  labels = np.zeros((size,size), dtype=bool)
  labels[0::2,0::2] = True

  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=8)
  assert np.max(out) + 1 <= (256**2) // 4 + 1

  for _ in range(10):
    labels = np.random.randint(0,2, (256,256), dtype=bool)
    out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=8)
    assert np.max(out) + 1 <= (256**2) // 4 + 1    

@pytest.mark.parametrize("size", (255,256))
def test_stress_upper_bound_for_binary_18(size):
  labels = np.zeros((size,size,size), dtype=bool)
  labels[::2,::2,::2] = True
  labels[1::2,1::2,::2] = True

  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=18)
  assert np.max(out) + 1 <= (256**3) // 4 + 1

  for _ in range(10):
    labels = np.random.randint(0,2, (256,256,256), dtype=bool)
    out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=18)
    assert np.max(out) + 1 <= (256**3) // 4 + 1

@pytest.mark.parametrize("size", (255,256))
def test_stress_upper_bound_for_binary_26(size):
  labels = np.zeros((size,size,size), dtype=bool)
  labels[::2,::2,::2] = True

  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=26)
  assert np.max(out) + 1 <= (256**3) // 8 + 1

  for _ in range(10):
    labels = np.random.randint(0,2, (256,256,256), dtype=bool)
    out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=26)
    assert np.max(out) + 1 <= (256**3) // 8 + 1

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (8, 18, 26))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ("C", "F"))
def test_all_zeros_3d(connectivity, dtype, order):
  labels = np.zeros((128,128,128), dtype=dtype, order=order)
  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels)
  assert np.all(out == 0)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (8, 18, 26))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ("C", "F"))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("lbl", (1, 100, 7))
def test_all_single_foreground(connectivity, dtype, order, lbl):
  labels = np.zeros((64,64,64), dtype=dtype, order=order) + lbl
  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels)
  assert np.all(out == 1)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", OUT_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ("C", "F"))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("in_place", (True, False))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("dims", (1,2,3))
@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Windows 32-bit not supported.")
@pytest.mark.xfail(raises=MemoryError, reason="Some build tools don't have enough memory for this.")
def test_each(dtype, order, in_place, dims):
  shape = [128] * dims
  labels = np.random.randint(0,3, shape, dtype=dtype)

  for label, img in cc3d.each(labels, binary=False, in_place=in_place):
    assert np.all(img == (label * (labels == label)))

  for label, img in cc3d.each(labels, binary=True, in_place=in_place):
    assert np.all(img == (labels == label))

@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ('C', 'F'))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (4, 8))
def test_single_pixel_2d(order, connectivity):
  binary_img = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  binary_img[1, 1] = 1
  labels = cc3d.connected_components(binary_img, connectivity=connectivity)
  assert np.all(labels == binary_img)
  
  binary_img = np.zeros((5, 5), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  binary_img[1, 1] = 1
  labels = cc3d.connected_components(binary_img, connectivity=connectivity)
  assert np.all(labels == binary_img)

def test_contacts_surface_area():
  labels = np.zeros( (10, 10, 10), dtype=np.uint32 )

  labels[0,0,0] = 1
  labels[1,0,0] = 2
  labels[0,1,0] = 3
  labels[0,0,1] = 4
  labels[1,1,1] = 5

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, surface_area=True)
  assert res[(1,2)] == 1
  assert res[(1,3)] == 1
  assert res[(1,4)] == 1
  assert res[(1,5)] == 0

  try:
    res[(1,9)]
    assert False
  except KeyError:
    pass

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, surface_area=True, anisotropy=(2,2,2))
  assert res[(1,2)] == 4
  assert res[(1,3)] == 4
  assert res[(1,4)] == 4
  assert res[(1,5)] == 0

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, surface_area=True, anisotropy=(1.5,10,10))
  assert res[(1,2)] == 100
  assert res[(1,3)] == 15
  assert res[(1,4)] == 15
  assert res[(1,5)] == 0

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, surface_area=False)
  assert res[(1,2)] == 1
  assert res[(1,3)] == 1
  assert res[(1,4)] == 1
  assert res[(1,5)] == 1

  data = np.ones((3,3,3))
  data[1,1,1] = 2
  labels_out = cc3d.connected_components(data, connectivity=6)
  res = cc3d.contacts(labels_out, connectivity=6, surface_area=True)
  assert res[(1,2)] == 6

def test_contacts_26():
  labels = np.zeros( (10, 10, 10), dtype=np.uint32 )

  labels[5,5,5] = 1
  labels[6,6,6] = 2
  labels[4,4,6] = 3
  labels[4,6,6] = 4
  labels[6,4,6] = 5

  labels[4,4,4] = 6
  labels[4,6,4] = 7
  labels[6,4,4] = 8
  labels[6,6,4] = 9

  # not connected to anything else
  labels[1,:,:] = 10

  res = cc3d.region_graph(labels, connectivity=26)
  assert res == set([ (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (1,7), (1,8), (1,9) ])

  res = cc3d.region_graph(labels, connectivity=18)
  assert res == set()

  res = cc3d.region_graph(labels, connectivity=6)
  assert res == set()

def test_contacts_18():
  labels = np.zeros( (10, 10, 10), dtype=np.uint32 )

  labels[5,5,5] = 1
  labels[5,6,6] = 2
  labels[5,4,6] = 3
  labels[6,5,6] = 4
  labels[4,5,6] = 5

  labels[5,4,4] = 6
  labels[5,6,4] = 7
  labels[6,5,4] = 8
  labels[4,5,4] = 9

  # not connected to anything else
  labels[1,:,:] = 10

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, connectivity=26)
  assert set(res.keys()) == set([ 
    (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (1,7), (1,8), (1,9), 
    (2,4), (2,5), (3,4), (3,5),
    (6,8), (6,9), (7,8), (7,9),
  ])

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, connectivity=18)
  assert set(res.keys()) == set([ 
    (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (1,7), (1,8), (1,9), 
    (2,4), (2,5), (3,4), (3,5),
    (6,8), (6,9), (7,8), (7,9),
  ])

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, connectivity=6)
  assert set(res.keys()) == set()


def test_contacts_6():
  labels = np.zeros( (10, 10, 10), dtype=np.uint32 )

  labels[5,5,5] = 1

  labels[5,5,6] = 2
  labels[5,5,4] = 3

  labels[4,5,5] = 4
  labels[6,5,5] = 5

  labels[5,4,5] = 6
  labels[5,6,5] = 7

  # not connected to anything else
  labels[1,:,:] = 10

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, connectivity=26)
  assert set(res.keys()) == set([ 
    (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (1,7),
    (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (2,7),
    (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (3,7),
    (4,6), (4,7),
    (5,6), (5,7)
  ])

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, connectivity=18)
  assert set(res.keys()) == set([ 
    (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (1,7),
    (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (2,7),
    (3,4), (3,5), (3,6), (3,7),
    (4,6), (4,7),
    (5,6), (5,7)
  ])

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, connectivity=6)
  assert set(res.keys()) == set([
    (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (1,7)
  ])

def test_contacts_2d():
  labels = np.zeros( (10, 10), dtype=np.uint32 )

  labels[5,5] = 1

  labels[3,2] = 2
  labels[3,3] = 3

  labels[7,5] = 4
  labels[8,5] = 5

  labels[7,2] = 6
  labels[8,2] = 7

  # not connected to anything else
  labels[1,:] = 10

  res = cc3d.contacts(labels, connectivity=8)
  assert set(res.keys()) == set([ 
    (2,3), (4,5), (6,7)
  ])

def test_voxel_graph_2d():
  labels = np.ones((3,3), dtype=np.uint8)
  graph = cc3d.voxel_connectivity_graph(labels, connectivity=4)
  assert graph.dtype == np.uint8
  assert np.all(graph)

  graph = cc3d.voxel_connectivity_graph(labels, connectivity=8)
  assert graph.dtype == np.uint8
  assert np.all(graph)

  labels[1,1] = 0
  graph = cc3d.voxel_connectivity_graph(labels, connectivity=4)
  gt = np.array([
    [0x0f,       0b00001011, 0x0f      ],
    [0b00001110, 0x00,       0b00001101],
    [0x0f,       0b00000111, 0x0f      ]
  ], dtype=np.uint8)
  assert np.all(gt.T == graph)

  graph = cc3d.voxel_connectivity_graph(labels, connectivity=8)
  gt = np.array([
    [0b11101111, 0b11111011, 0b11011111],
    [0b11111110, 0x00,       0b11111101],
    [0b10111111, 0b11110111, 0b01111111]
  ], dtype=np.uint8)
  assert np.all(gt.T == graph)

def test_voxel_graph_3d():
  labels = np.ones((3,3,3), dtype=np.uint8)
  graph = cc3d.voxel_connectivity_graph(labels, connectivity=26)
  assert graph.dtype == np.uint32
  assert np.all(graph)

  E = {
    (-1,-1,-1): 0b01111111111111111111111111,
    (+1,-1,-1): 0b10111111111111111111111111,
    (-1,+1,-1): 0b11011111111111111111111111,
    (+1,+1,-1): 0b11101111111111111111111111,
    (-1,-1,+1): 0b11110111111111111111111111,
    (+1,-1,+1): 0b11111011111111111111111111,
    (-1,+1,+1): 0b11111101111111111111111111,
    (+1,+1,+1): 0b11111110111111111111111111,
    ( 0,-1,-1): 0b11111111011111111111111111,
    ( 0,+1,-1): 0b11111111101111111111111111,
    (-1, 0,-1): 0b11111111110111111111111111,
    (+1, 0,-1): 0b11111111111011111111111111,
    ( 0,-1,+1): 0b11111111111101111111111111,
    ( 0,+1,+1): 0b11111111111110111111111111,
    (-1, 0,+1): 0b11111111111111011111111111,
    (+1, 0,+1): 0b11111111111111101111111111,
    (-1,-1, 0): 0b11111111111111110111111111,
    (+1,-1, 0): 0b11111111111111111011111111,
    (-1,+1, 0): 0b11111111111111111101111111,
    (+1,+1, 0): 0b11111111111111111110111111,
    ( 0, 0,-1): 0b11111111111111111111011111,
    ( 0, 0,+1): 0b11111111111111111111101111,
    ( 0,-1, 0): 0b11111111111111111111110111,
    ( 0,+1, 0): 0b11111111111111111111111011,
    (-1, 0, 0): 0b11111111111111111111111101,
    (+1, 0, 0): 0b11111111111111111111111110,
  }


  labels[1,1,1] = 0
  graph = cc3d.voxel_connectivity_graph(labels, connectivity=26)
  gt = np.array([
    [
      [ E[(1, 1,1)], E[(0, 1,1)], E[(-1, 1,1)] ],
      [ E[(1, 0,1)], E[(0, 0,1)], E[(-1, 0,1)] ],
      [ E[(1,-1,1)], E[(0,-1,1)], E[(-1,-1,1)] ],
    ],
    [
      [ E[(1, 1,0)], E[(0,1,0)], E[(-1, 1,0)] ],
      [ E[(1, 0,0)], 0x00,       E[(-1, 0,0)] ],
      [ E[(1,-1,0)], E[(0,-1,0)], E[(-1,-1,0)] ]    
    ],
    [
      [ E[(1,1,-1)], E[(0,1,-1)], E[(-1,1,-1)] ],
      [ E[(1,0,-1)], E[(0,0,-1)], E[(-1,0,-1)] ],
      [ E[(1,-1,-1)], E[(0,-1,-1)], E[(-1,-1,-1)] ]
    ]
  ], dtype=np.uint32)
  
  assert np.all(gt.T == graph)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ("C", "F"))
def test_statistics_3d(order):
  labels = np.zeros((123,128,125), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  labels[10:20,10:20,10:20] = 1
  labels[40:50,40:50,40:51] = 2

  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][1] == 1000
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][2] == 10 * 10 * 11
  
  assert np.all(np.isclose(stats["centroids"][1,:], [14.5,14.5,14.5]))
  assert np.all(np.isclose(stats["centroids"][2,:], [44.5,44.5,45]))

  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][0] == (slice(0,123), slice(0,128), slice(0,125)))
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][1] == (slice(10,20), slice(10,20), slice(10,20)))
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][2] == (slice(40,50), slice(40,50), slice(40,51)))

  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels, no_slice_conversion=True)
  print(stats["bounding_boxes"])
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][0] == np.array([ 0, 122, 0, 127, 0, 124 ]))
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][1] == np.array([ 10, 19, 10, 19, 10, 19 ]))
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][2] == np.array([ 40, 49, 40, 49, 40, 50 ]))

  labels = np.zeros((1,1,1), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert len(stats["voxel_counts"]) == 1
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][0] == 1

  labels = np.zeros((0,1,1), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert stats == { 
    "voxel_counts": None, 
    "bounding_boxes": None, 
    "centroids": None 
  }

  labels = np.zeros((512,512,512), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert np.all(stats["centroids"][0] == np.array([255.5,255.5,255.5]))

@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ("C", "F"))
def test_statistics_2d(order):
  labels = np.zeros((123,128), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  labels[10:20,10:20] = 1
  labels[40:50,40:50] = 2

  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][1] == 100
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][2] == 10 * 10
  
  assert np.all(np.isclose(stats["centroids"][1,:], [14.5,14.5]))
  assert np.all(np.isclose(stats["centroids"][2,:], [44.5,44.5]))

  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][0] == (slice(0,123), slice(0,128)))
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][1] == (slice(10,20), slice(10,20)))
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][2] == (slice(40,50), slice(40,50)))

  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels, no_slice_conversion=True)
  print(stats["bounding_boxes"])
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][0] == np.array([ 0, 122, 0, 127 ]))
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][1] == np.array([ 10, 19, 10, 19 ]))
  assert np.all(stats["bounding_boxes"][2] == np.array([ 40, 49, 40, 49 ]))

  labels = np.zeros((1,1), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert len(stats["voxel_counts"]) == 1
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][0] == 1

  labels = np.zeros((0,1), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert stats == { 
    "voxel_counts": None, 
    "bounding_boxes": None, 
    "centroids": None 
  }

  labels = np.zeros((512,512), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert np.all(stats["centroids"][0] == np.array([255.5,255.5]))


@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ["C", "F"])
def test_statistics_big(order):
  labels = np.zeros((50,66000,1), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  labels[10:20,10:20,:2] = 1
  labels[40:50,40:50,:2] = 2

  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][1] == 100
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][2] == 10 * 10 * 1

  labels = np.zeros((66000,60,1), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  labels[10:20,10:20,:2] = 1
  labels[40:50,40:50,:2] = 2

  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][1] == 100
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][2] == 10 * 10 * 1

  # test 2d

  labels = np.zeros((50,66000), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  labels[10:20,10:20] = 1
  labels[40:50,40:50] = 2

  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][1] == 100
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][2] == 10 * 10

  labels = np.zeros((66000,60), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  labels[10:20,10:20] = 1
  labels[40:50,40:50] = 2

  stats = cc3d.statistics(labels)
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][1] == 100
  assert stats["voxel_counts"][2] == 10 * 10

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (8, 18, 26))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ("C", "F"))
def test_continuous_ccl_diagonal(order, dtype, connectivity):
  labels = np.zeros((2,2), dtype=dtype, order=order)
  labels[0,0] = 1
  labels[1,0] = 2
  labels[0,1] = 3
  labels[1,1] = 4

  if dtype == np.float16:
    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e_info:
      out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, delta=1, connectivity=connectivity)
    return

  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, delta=0, connectivity=connectivity)
  assert np.all(np.unique(labels) == [1,2,3,4])

  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, delta=1, connectivity=connectivity)
  assert np.all(out == 1)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (4, 6))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ("C", "F"))
def test_continuous_ccl_4_6(order, dtype, connectivity):
  labels = np.zeros((2,2), dtype=dtype, order=order)
  labels[0,0] = 1
  labels[1,0] = 2
  labels[0,1] = 3
  labels[1,1] = 4

  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, delta=0, connectivity=connectivity)
  assert np.all(np.unique(labels) == [1,2,3,4])

  if dtype == np.float16:
    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e_info:
      out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, delta=1, connectivity=connectivity)
    return

  out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, delta=1, connectivity=connectivity)
  assert np.all(out == np.array([
    [1, 2],
    [1, 2],
  ]))

@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (4, 8))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ("C", "F"))
def test_continuous_blocks(dtype, connectivity, order):
  mask = np.random.randint(0,5, size=(64,64)).astype(dtype)
  img = np.zeros((512,512), dtype=dtype)
  img[64:128, 64:128] = 50 + mask
  img[200:264, 64:128] = 70 + mask

  img = np.ascontiguousarray(img)
  if order == "F":
    img = np.asfortranarray(img)

  out = cc3d.connected_components(
    img, connectivity=connectivity, delta=0
  )
  assert np.unique(out).size > 1000

  if dtype == np.float16:
    with pytest.raises(TypeError) as e_info:
      out = cc3d.connected_components(img, delta=1, connectivity=connectivity)
    return

  out = cc3d.connected_components(
    img, connectivity=connectivity, delta=1
  )
  assert np.unique(out).size > 3

  out = cc3d.connected_components(
    img, connectivity=connectivity, delta=5
  )
  assert np.all(np.unique(out)== [0,1,2])

@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", TEST_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (6,18,26))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("order", ("C", "F"))
@pytest.mark.parametrize("in_place", (False, True))
def test_dust_static(dtype, connectivity, order, in_place):
  labels = np.zeros((100,100,10), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  labels[:5,:5,:1] = 1
  labels[20:40,20:40,:] = 2
  recovered = cc3d.dust(
    labels, 
    threshold=26, 
    connectivity=connectivity,
    in_place=in_place
  )
  assert list(np.unique(recovered)) == [0,2]
  if in_place:
    assert list(np.unique(labels)) == [0,2]
  else:
    assert list(np.unique(labels)) == [0,1,2]

  ans = np.zeros((100,100,10), dtype=np.uint8, order=order)
  ans[20:40,20:40,:] = 2

  assert np.all(ans == recovered)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", INT_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", (6,18,26))
def test_dust_random(dtype, connectivity):
  threshold = 20
  labels = np.random.randint(0,5, size=(100,100,100), dtype=dtype)

  ccl = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=connectivity)
  uniq, counts = np.unique(ccl, return_counts=True)
  filtered_orig = sum([ c for u,c in zip(uniq, counts) if c >= threshold and u > 0 ])

  recovered = cc3d.dust(
    labels, 
    threshold=threshold, 
    connectivity=connectivity,
  )

  uniq, counts = np.unique(recovered, return_counts=True)
  filtered_recov = sum([ c for u,c in zip(uniq, counts) if c >= threshold and u > 0 ])

  assert filtered_recov == filtered_orig

@pytest.mark.parametrize("k", (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,100,1000))
def test_largest_k(k):
  threshold = 20

  labels = np.random.randint(0,5, size=(100,100,100), dtype=np.uint8)

  cc_labels = cc3d.connected_components(labels)  
  uniq, cts = np.unique(cc_labels, return_counts=True)

  k_cc_labels = cc3d.largest_k(labels, k=k)
  uniq_k, cts_k = np.unique(k_cc_labels, return_counts=True)

  assert len(uniq_k) <= k+1

  retained_labels = np.unique(cc_labels * (k_cc_labels > 0))

  lbls = []
  if k > 0:
    lbls = sorted([ (u,c) for u,c in zip(uniq, cts) if u != 0 ], key=lambda x: x[1])
    lbls = [ x[0] for x in lbls[-k:]  ]
    lbls.sort()
  retained_labels.sort()
  if retained_labels[0] == 0:
    retained_labels = retained_labels[1:]

  assert np.all(lbls == retained_labels)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", [4,8])
def test_periodic_boundary_2d(connectivity):
  labels = np.zeros((10,10), dtype=np.uint32, order="F")

  labels[:,0] = 1
  labels[:,-1] = 1

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=connectivity, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=False)
  assert N == 2

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=connectivity, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 1

  labels = np.zeros((10,10), dtype=np.uint32, order="F")

  labels[0,:] = 1
  labels[-1,:] = 1

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=connectivity, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=False)
  assert N == 2

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=connectivity, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 1

def test_periodic_boundary_8():
  labels = np.zeros((10,10), dtype=np.uint32, order="F")

  labels[:,0] = 1
  labels[:,-1] = 1

  labels[0,0] = 2
  labels[-1,0] = 2
  labels[0,-1] = 2
  labels[-1,-1] = 2
 
  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=8, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 2

  labels[0,0] = 2
  labels[-1,0] = 3
  labels[0,-1] = 3
  labels[-1,-1] = 2

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=8, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 3

  labels = np.zeros((4,4), dtype=np.uint32, order="F")

  labels[2,0] = 1
  labels[3,3] = 1

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=8, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 1

  labels = np.zeros((4,4), dtype=np.uint32, order="F")
  labels[1,0] = 1
  labels[3,3] = 1

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=8, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 2

  labels = np.zeros((4,4), dtype=np.uint32, order="F")
  labels[3,0] = 1
  labels[2,3] = 1

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=8, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 1


def test_periodic_boundary_6():
  labels = np.zeros((10,10,10), dtype=np.uint32, order="F")

  labels[:,:,0] = 1
  labels[:,:,-1] = 1

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=False)
  assert N == 2

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 1

  labels[:,:,:] = 0
  labels[:,0,:] = 1
  labels[:,-1,:] = 1

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=False)
  assert N == 2

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 1

  labels[:,:,:] = 0
  labels[0,:,:] = 1
  labels[-1,:,:] = 1

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=False)
  assert N == 2

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 1


  labels[:,:,:] = 0
  labels[1,:,:] = 1
  labels[-2,:,:] = 1

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=False)
  assert N == 2

  out, N = cc3d.connected_components(labels, connectivity=6, return_N=True, periodic_boundary=True)
  assert N == 2


@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [np.uint8, np.uint32])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", [4,8])
def test_color_connectivity_graph_4(dtype, connectivity):
  vcg = np.array([[]], dtype=dtype)
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=connectivity)
  assert cc_labels.size == 0

  vcg = np.zeros([2,1], dtype=dtype)
  vcg[:] = 0x0f
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=connectivity)
  ans = np.array([1,1], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

  vcg = np.zeros([2,1], dtype=dtype)
  vcg[:] = 0b1100
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=connectivity)
  ans = np.array([[1],[2]], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

  vcg = np.zeros([1,2], dtype=dtype)
  vcg[:] = 0b1100
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=connectivity)
  ans = np.array([1,1], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

  vcg[:] = 0b0011
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=connectivity)

  ans = np.array([1,2], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

  vcg = np.zeros([2,2], dtype=dtype)
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=connectivity)
  ans = np.array([[1, 3],[2, 4]], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

  vcg[:] = 0b1111
  vcg[0,0] = 0b1110
  vcg[1,0] = 0b1101
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=connectivity)
  ans = np.array([[1, 1],[1, 1]], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

  vcg[:] = 0b1111
  vcg[0,0] = 0b1110
  vcg[1,0] = 0b1101
  vcg[1,1] = 0b0111
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=connectivity)
  ans = np.array([[1, 1],[2, 1]], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

  vcg[:] = 0b1111
  vcg[0,0] = 0b1010
  vcg[1,0] = 0b1101
  vcg[0,1] = 0b0111
  vcg[1,1] = 0b0111
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=connectivity)
  ans = np.array([[1, 3],[2, 3]], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

def test_color_connectivity_graph_8_uint8():
  vcg = np.zeros([2,2], dtype=np.uint8)
  vcg[0,0] = 0b10000
  vcg[1,1] = 0b10000000
  vcg[1,0] = 0b100000
  vcg[0,1] = 0b1000000
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=8)
  ans = np.array([[1, 2],[2, 1]], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

def test_color_connectivity_graph_8_uint32():
  vcg = np.zeros([2,2], dtype=np.uint32)
  vcg[0,0] = 0b1000000
  vcg[1,1] = 0b1000000000
  vcg[1,0] = 0b10000000
  vcg[0,1] = 0b100000000
  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=8)
  ans = np.array([[1, 2],[2, 1]], dtype=np.uint32)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == ans)

def test_color_connectivity_graph_6():

  with pytest.raises(ValueError):
    vcg = np.zeros([2,2,2], dtype=np.uint8, order="F")
    cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=6)


  vcg = np.zeros([10,10,10], dtype=np.uint32, order="F")
  vcg[:,:,:] = 0b11111111111111111111111111

  vcg[:,:,4] = vcg[:,:,4] & 0b101111
  vcg[:,:,5] = vcg[:,:,5] & 0b011111

  vcg[:,4,:] = vcg[:,4,:] & 0b111011
  vcg[:,5,:] = vcg[:,5,:] & 0b110111

  vcg[4,:,:] = vcg[4,:,:] & 0b111110
  vcg[5,:,:] = vcg[5,:,:] & 0b111101

  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=6)

  out = np.zeros(vcg.shape, dtype=np.uint32, order="F")
  out[:5,:5,:5] = 1
  out[5:,:5,:5] = 2
  out[:5,5:,:5] = 3
  out[5:,5:,:5] = 4
  out[:5,:5,5:] = 5
  out[5:,:5,5:] = 6
  out[:5,5:,5:] = 7
  out[5:,5:,5:] = 8

  assert np.all(out == cc_labels)

def test_color_connectivity_graph_26():

  with pytest.raises(ValueError):
    vcg = np.zeros([2,1,2], dtype=np.uint8, order="F")
    cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=26)

  vcg = np.zeros([10,10,10], dtype=np.uint32, order="F")
  vcg[:,:,:] = 0b11111111111111111111111111

  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=26)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == 1)

  vcg[:,:,4] = vcg[:,:,4] & 0b101111
  vcg[:,:,5] = vcg[:,:,5] & 0b011111

  vcg[:,4,:] = vcg[:,4,:] & 0b111011
  vcg[:,5,:] = vcg[:,5,:] & 0b110111

  vcg[4,:,:] = vcg[4,:,:] & 0b111110
  vcg[5,:,:] = vcg[5,:,:] & 0b111101

  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=26)

  out = np.zeros(vcg.shape, dtype=np.uint32, order="F")
  out[:5,:5,:5] = 1
  out[5:,:5,:5] = 2
  out[:5,5:,:5] = 3
  out[5:,5:,:5] = 4
  out[:5,:5,5:] = 5
  out[5:,:5,5:] = 6
  out[:5,5:,5:] = 7
  out[5:,5:,5:] = 8

  assert np.all(out == cc_labels)

  vcg[4,4,4] = 0b11111111111111111111000000
  vcg[5,4,4] = 0b11111111111111111111000000
  vcg[4,5,4] = 0b11111111111111111111000000
  vcg[5,5,4] = 0b11111111111111111111000000

  vcg[4,4,5] = 0b11111111111111111111000000
  vcg[5,4,5] = 0b11111111111111111111000000
  vcg[4,5,5] = 0b11111111111111111111000000
  vcg[5,5,5] = 0b11111111111111111111000000

  cc_labels = cc3d.color_connectivity_graph(vcg, connectivity=26)
  assert np.all(cc_labels == 1)

def test_pytorch_integration_ccl_doesnt_crash():
    torch = pytest.importorskip("torch")

    labels = torch.from_numpy(np.zeros([100,100,100], dtype=np.uint16))

    out = cc3d.connected_components(labels)

    assert isinstance(out, torch.Tensor)
    assert torch.all(out == labels)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("binary_image", [False, True])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", [6, 26])
def test_connected_components_stack(binary_image, connectivity):
  stack = [
    np.ones([100,100,100], dtype=np.uint32)
    for i in range(4)
  ]

  stack += [ np.zeros([100,100,1], dtype=np.uint32) ]

  stack += [
    np.ones([100,100,100], dtype=np.uint32)
    for i in range(2)
  ]

  arr = cc3d.connected_components_stack(stack, connectivity=connectivity, binary_image=binary_image)

  ans = np.ones([100,100,601], dtype=np.uint32)
  ans[:,:,400] = 0
  ans[:,:,401:] = 2

  assert np.all(np.unique(arr[:]) == [ 0, 1, 2 ])
  assert np.all(arr[:] == ans)

  image = np.random.randint(0,100, size=[100,100,11], dtype=np.uint8)

  ans = cc3d.connected_components(image, connectivity=connectivity, binary_image=binary_image)
  ans, _ = fastremap.renumber(ans[:])

  stack = [
    image[:,:,:2],
    image[:,:,2:6],
    image[:,:,6:9],
    image[:,:,9:11],
  ]

  res = cc3d.connected_components_stack(stack, connectivity=connectivity, binary_image=binary_image)
  res, _ = fastremap.renumber(res[:])

  assert np.all(res[:] == ans[:,:,:11])


@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", INT_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", [6, 18, 26])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("periodic_boundary", [False, True])
def test_binary_image_3d(dtype, connectivity, periodic_boundary):
  labels = np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(100,100,100), dtype=np.uint32)
  # cast to avoid triggering the special binary behavior
  binary_labels = (labels > 0).astype(np.uint16) 

  if periodic_boundary and connectivity > 6:
    return

  known_out = cc3d.connected_components(binary_labels, connectivity=connectivity, out_dtype=np.uint32, periodic_boundary=periodic_boundary)
  binary_out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, binary_image=True, connectivity=connectivity, out_dtype=np.uint32, periodic_boundary=periodic_boundary)

  assert np.all(known_out == binary_out)

  binary_out_false = cc3d.connected_components(labels, binary_image=False, connectivity=connectivity, out_dtype=np.uint32, periodic_boundary=periodic_boundary)
  assert not np.all(known_out == binary_out_false)

@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", INT_TYPES)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("connectivity", [4, 8])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("periodic_boundary", [False, True])
def test_binary_image_2d(dtype, connectivity, periodic_boundary):
  labels = np.random.randint(0, 10, size=(400,400), dtype=np.uint32)
  # cast to avoid triggering the special binary behavior
  binary_labels = (labels > 0).astype(np.uint16) 

  known_out = cc3d.connected_components(binary_labels, connectivity=connectivity, periodic_boundary=periodic_boundary, out_dtype=np.uint32)
  binary_out = cc3d.connected_components(labels, binary_image=True, connectivity=connectivity, periodic_boundary=periodic_boundary, out_dtype=np.uint32)

  assert np.all(known_out == binary_out)

  binary_out_false = cc3d.connected_components(labels, binary_image=False, connectivity=connectivity, periodic_boundary=periodic_boundary, out_dtype=np.uint32)
  assert not np.all(known_out == binary_out_false)