aeneid_2_51-100.tex

\section{Vergil's {\AE}neid: 51-100} % (fold)

\latline
  {in latus inque fer\={\macron {\i}} curvam comp\={\macron {a}}gibus alvum}
  { in the flank and threw it into the curved seams of the belly of the beast }
  {110}
  { in the flank and threw it into the belly curved with seams of the beast }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {contorsit.  Settit illa trem\={\macron {e}}ns, uter\={\macron {o}}que recuss\={\macron {o}}}
  { The spear struck there, trembling, and the hollow spaces, having been struck, }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {\={\macron {\i}}nsonu\={\macron {e}}re cav{\ae} gemitumque ded\={\macron {e}}re cavern{\ae}.}
  { echoed and the caverns gave a groan. }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {Et, s\={\macron {\i}} f\={\macron {a}}ta deum, s\={\macron {\i}} m\={\macron {e}}ns n\={\macron {o}}n l{\ae}va fuisset,}
  { And if the fates of the gods had not been hostile, if the mind had not been foolish  }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item ``fuisset'' == ``sum, esse, \textbf{fui}, fut\={u}rus'' + ``\textbf{isse}'' == Active Perfect Infinitive + Endings.  This indicates subjunctive, active past-perfect and is translated as ``had been''
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {[\textbf{55}] impulerat ferr\={\macron {o}} Argolic\={\macron {a}}s foed\={\macron {a}}re latebr\={\macron {a}}s,}
  { he would have pressed [us] to destroy the Argive nests with the sword }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item ``impulerat'' == impell\={o}, -ere, pul\={\i} == 3rd decl == pluperfect, indicative ``impulisset'' 
  	\item Since we're in a subjunctive SoT, this becomes ``would have implored''
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {Trojaque nunc st\={\macron {a}}ret, Priam\={\macron {\i}}que arx alta man\={\macron {e}}r\={\macron {e}}s.}
  { and Troy would now stand, and the high citadel of Priam would remain. }
  {110}
  { and Troy would now stand, and you, the high citadel of Priam, would remain. }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item st\={o}, st\={a}re == st\={a}re +t == imperfect subjunctive == time future to main verb (``fuisset''), thus \emph{would}
  	\item ``troy would be standing'', ``the high citadel would remain'' --- these are the \textbf{contrary to fact present}
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {Ecce, man\={\macron {u}}s juvenem intere\={\macron {a}} post terga rev\={\macron {\i}}nctum}
  { Lo!  Meanwhile Dardan shepherds were pulling a young man with hands bound behind his back }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item man\={u}s is pl. acc. the ``object of the middle part:''  it has a reflexive quality to it: ``gathered robes unto herself''
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {p\={\macron {a}}st\={\macron {o}}r\={\macron {e}}s magn\={\macron {o}} ad r\={\macron {e}}gem cl\={\macron {a}}m\={\macron {o}}re trah\={\macron {e}}bant}
  { to the king with a great clamor,  }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {Dardanid{\ae}, qu\={\macron {\i}} s\={\macron {e}} ign\={\macron {o}}tum venientibus ultr\={\macron {o}},}
  { A youth who furthermore had voluntarily presented himself as a foreigner to the arriving men  }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item venientibus is \textbf{dative}
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {[\textbf{60}] hoc ipsum ut strueret Trojamque aper\={\macron {\i}}ret Ach\={\macron {\i}}v\={\macron {\i}}s,}
  { a youth who by this very act, might prepare and might open Troy for the Argives, }
  {110}
  { so that he might build by this very act and open Troy for the Argives, }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item aper\={\i}ret, stureret are both subjunctive, imperfect after ``ut'' == purpose clause taking the subjunctive.  This prefixes ``might.''  App. 359: 
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {obtulerat, fid\={\macron {e}}ns anim\={\macron {\i}} atque in uterumque par\={\macron {a}}tus,}
  { a youth who, believing in his soul and also ready in in either case }
  {110}
  { anim\={\i} is a locative here.  Where?  In his mind. }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {seu vers\={\macron {a}}re dol\={\macron {o}}s seu cert{\ae} occumbere mort\={\macron {\i}}.}
  { whether to employ stratagems or to meet certain death. }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {Undique v\={\macron {\i}}send\={\macron {\i}} studi\={\macron {o}} Troj\={\macron {a}}na juvent\={\macron {u}}s}
  { From all around the youths of Troy rushed }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item v\={\i}send\={\i} is to ``look at''
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {circumf\={\macron {u}}sa ruit certantque inl\={\macron {u}}dere capt\={\macron {o}}.}
  { with zeal of going to see, and strive to mock the captive. }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {[\textbf{65}] Accipe nunc Danaum \={\macron {\i}}nsidi\={\macron {a}}s et cr\={\macron {\i}}mine ab \={\macron {u}}n\={\macron {o}}}
  { Take in now the treacheries of the Dana\"ans, and from the crimes of one }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {disce omn\={\macron {\i}}s. \P}
  { know them all. }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {Namque ut c\={\macron {o}}nspect\={\macron {u}} in medi\={\macron {o}} turb\={\macron {a}}tus, inermis, }
  { For he stood in the middle, seen as having been confused, unarmed }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {c\={\macron {o}}nstitit atque ocul\={\macron {\i}}s Phrygia agmina circumspexit:}
  { and also looked round with his eyes at the battle-line of Phrygia: }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {`Heu, qu{\ae} m\={\macron {e}} tell\={\macron {u}}s' inquit `qu{\ae} m\={\macron {e}} {\ae}quora possunt}
  { `Woe!  what land is able to take me,' he began `which sea may  }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {[\textbf{70}] accipere? aut quid jam miser\={\macron {o}} mihi d\={\macron {e}}nique restat,}
  { bear me? or and what thing now stands at last for me with respect to misery,  }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {cui neque apud Dana\={\macron {o}}s \={\macron {u}}squam locus, et super ips\={\macron {\i}}}
  { he to whom nowhere among the Dana\"ans there is place, and furthermore from that same man, above all, }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {Dardanid{\ae} \={\macron {\i}}nf\={\macron {e}}ns\={\macron {\i}} poen\={\macron {a}}s cum sanguine poscunt?'}
  { the bitter sons of Dardanus demand the penalty of blood?'  }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {Qu\={\macron {o}} gemit\={\macron {u}} convers\={\macron {\i}} anim\={\macron {\i}} compressus et omnis}
  { With which plea the turned spirit is carried along, pressed, and all  }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {impetus.  Hort\={\macron {a}}mur f\={\macron {a}}r\={\macron {\i}} qu\={\macron {o}} sanguine cr\={\macron {e}}tus,}
  { violent urges similarly checked.  We urge him to tell us by what blood he was born }
  {110}
  { violent urges similarly checked.  We urge him to tell us from what blood he was born }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item Ablative of source : ``from what blood''
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {[\textbf{75}] quidve ferat; memoret qu{\ae} sit fid\={\macron {u}}cia capt\={\macron {o}}.}
  { or what tale he bears; let him tell what of faith he hopes as a captive. }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item \textbf{quidve} marks an indirect question
  	\item \textbf{memoret} is subjunctive out of indirect command (necessitated by hort\={a}mur)
  	\item since we're still within the indirect command, the \textbf{est} must be \textbf{sit}
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {[Ille h{\ae}c d\={\macron {e}}posit\={\macron {a}} tandem form\={\macron {\i}}dine f\={\macron {a}}tur:] }
  { That man, his fear having been put aside, finally said: }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {`C\={\macron {u}}ncta equidem tibi, r\={\macron {e}}x, fuerit quodcumque, fat\={\macron {e}}bor}
  { `All things with truth, to you, king, come what may, I shall tell' }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {v\={\macron {e}}ra,' inquit; `neque m\={\macron {e}} Argolic\={\macron {a}} d\={\macron {e}} gente neg\={\macron {a}}b\={\macron {o}};}
  {  he began; `and I shall not deny that I am of Argive blood;  }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item negab\={o} is bringing forth indirect statement with an absent \textbf{esse}
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {hoc pr\={\macron {\i}}mum; nec, s\={\macron {\i}} miserum fort\={\macron {u}}na Sin\={\macron {o}}nem}
  { this first; nor shall I deny if Fortune made Sinon unfortunate,  }
  {110}
  { this first, nor if fortune made a miserable man of Sinon }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {[\textbf{80}] f\={\macron {\i}}nxit, v\={\macron {a}}num etiam med\={\macron {a}}cemque improba finget.}
  { let wicked fortune make me vain and a liar. }
  {110}
  { wicked fortune shall not also make him empty, and a liar as well. }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {Fand\={\macron {o}} aliquod s\={\macron {\i}} forte tu\={\macron {a}}s perv\={\macron {e}}nit ad aur\={\macron {\i}}s}
  { Perhaps by report the name of Palimedes of the Bellidae arrived at your ears }
  {110}
  { Perhaps the name of Palimedes son of Bellus arrived at your ears by report }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {B\={\macron {e}}l\={\macron {\i}}d{\ae} n\={\macron {o}}men Palam\={\macron {e}}dis et incluta f\={\macron {a}}m\={\macron {a}}}
  { and perhaps even his famous reputation of glory, }
  {110}
  { and perhaps even his renowned glory by reputation, }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {gl\={\macron {o}}ria, quem fals\={\macron {a}} sub pr\={\macron {o}}diti\={\macron {o}}ne Pelasg\={\macron {\i}}}
  { who, an innocent, is under a false charge of treason of a Greek }
  {110}
  { who, an innocent, the Greeks, under a false charge of treason, }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item \emph{quem} notes that it will be an object
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {\={\macron {\i}}nsontem \={\macron {\i}}nfand\={\macron {o}} incidi\={\macron {o}}, quia bella vet\={\macron {a}}bat,}
  { with unspeakable wickedness, who was opposing these battles, }
  {110}
  { with a wicked indictment, these battles he was opposing }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {[\textbf{85}] d\={\macron {e}}m\={\macron {\i}}s\={\macron {e}}re nec\={\macron {\i}}, nunc cassum l\={\macron {u}}mine l\={\macron {u}}gent:}
  { they sent down for death, now they mourn that man, empty with respect to light }
  {110}
  { they sent down for death, now they mourn that man, deprived of the light: }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {ill\={\macron {\i}} m\={\macron {e}} comitem et c\={\macron {o}}nsanguinit\={\macron {a}}te propinquum}
  { My father sent me hither, from my first years, to war to him as a comrade and a kinsman by near blood }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {pauper in arma pater pr\={\macron {\i}}m\={\macron {\i}}s h\={\macron {u}}c m\={\macron {\i}}sit ab ann\={\macron {\i}}s.}
  { my poor father sent me here from my first years in arms. }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {Dum st\={\macron {a}}bat r\={\macron {e}}gn\={\macron {o}} incolumis r\={\macron {e}}gumque vig\={\macron {e}}bat}
  { While Palamedes was standing safely ruling, the kingdom flourished in }
  {110}
  { While he was standing safe in his ruling, and he was strong in the councils of kings }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item Dum+\textbf{subjunctive} == ``Until''
  	\item Dum+\textbf{indicative} == ``Since''
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {concili\={\macron {\i}}s, et n\={\macron {o}}s aliquod n\={\macron {o}}menque decusque}
  { councils and I fought with something of a distinguished name. }
  {110}
  { and even we fought with something of a distinguished name }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {[\textbf{90}] gessimus.  Invidi\={\macron {a}} postquam pell\={\macron {a}}cis Ulix\={\macron {\i}}}
  { He was left before the eyes of the gods by the hatred of wily Ulysses }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {(haud ign\={\macron {o}}ta loquor) super\={\macron {\i}}s concessit ab \={\macron {o}}r\={\macron {\i}}s,}
  { (I speak nothing unknown) }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item ``haud''==``non''
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {adfl\={\macron {\i}}ctus v\={\macron {\i}}tam in tenebr\={\macron {\i}}s l\={\macron {u}}ct\={\macron {u}}que trah\={\macron {e}}bam}
  { his life was crushed in darkness and I was pulled by grief }
  {110}
  { afflicted, i was dragging out my life in sadness and gloominess }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {et c\={\macron {a}}usum \={\macron {\i}}nsontis m\={\macron {e}}cum indign\={\macron {a}}bar am\={\macron {\i}}c\={\macron {\i}}.}
  { and I was raging inside at the ill fate of my innocent friend. }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item insontis amici :: interlocked word order
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {Nec tacu\={\macron {\i}} d\={\macron {e}}m\={\macron {e}}ns et m\={\macron {e}}, fors s\={\macron {\i}} qua tulisset,}
  { Nor did I silence myself, fool that I was, I promised myself as an avenger, if any chance had offered it }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {[\textbf{95}] s\={\macron {\i}} patri\={\macron {o}}s umquam reme\={\macron {a}}ssem victor ad Arg\={\macron {o}}s,}
  { if I should ever return as a victor to Argive fatherlands }
  {110}
  { if ever I had returned as a victor to Argive fatherlands  }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item reme\={a}vissem is what's actually in place for reme\={a}ssem
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {pr\={\macron {o}}m\={\macron {\i}}s\={\macron {\i}} ult\={\macron {o}}rem et verb\={\macron {\i}}s odia aspera m\={\macron {o}}v\={\macron {\i}}.}
  { and I moved sharp hate with my words. }
  {110}
  { i promised and i moved harsh hatreds with my words. }
  { Notes }


\latline
  {Hinc mihi pr\={\macron {\i}}ma mal\={\macron {\i}} l\={\macron {a}}bes, hinc semper Ulix\={\macron {e}}s}
  { Hence this was my first grave error,  Ulysses began to always }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item when you see dative with a form of ``sum'' it is a dative of possession
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {cr\={\macron {\i}}minibus terr\={\macron {e}}re nov\={\macron {\i}}s, hinc spargere v\={\macron {o}}c\={\macron {e}}s}
  { harass me with new crimes, hence to scatter ambiguous words   }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item \textbf{Historical infinitive}:  infinitive is used in a way such that it is equivalent to a past-tense
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {in vulgum ambigu\={\macron {a}}s et qu{\ae}rere c\={\macron {o}}nscius arma.}
  { into the crowd and to seek, conscious of his guilt, arms against me. }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item Rumor is a theme throughout the {\AE}neid --- it usually leads to bad things
  \end{enumerate} }


\latline
  {[\textbf{100}] Nec requi\={\macron {e}}vit enim, d\={\macron {o}}nec Calchante ministr\={\macron {o}} ---}
  { Nor did he even rest until a Chalcas having advised --- }
  {110}
  { CorrectedTranslation }
  { \begin{enumerate}
  	\item ``with calchas as agent'' :  ablative absolute with implied participle from esse
  \end{enumerate} }