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<title>Iterating well with purrr</title>
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<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section id="title-slide" class="center">
<h1 class="title">Iterating well with purrr</h1>
<p class="author">Shannon Pileggi</p>
</section>
<section class="slide level2">
<div class="cell">
</div>
<div class="cell">
</div>
</section>
<section>
<section id="introduction" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Introduction</h1>
</section>
<section id="shannon-pileggi" class="slide level2">
<h2>Shannon Pileggi</h2>
<p><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#C7B41D;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M326.612 185.391c59.747 59.809 58.927 155.698.36 214.59-.11.12-.24.25-.36.37l-67.2 67.2c-59.27 59.27-155.699 59.262-214.96 0-59.27-59.26-59.27-155.7 0-214.96l37.106-37.106c9.84-9.84 26.786-3.3 27.294 10.606.648 17.722 3.826 35.527 9.69 52.721 1.986 5.822.567 12.262-3.783 16.612l-13.087 13.087c-28.026 28.026-28.905 73.66-1.155 101.96 28.024 28.579 74.086 28.749 102.325.51l67.2-67.19c28.191-28.191 28.073-73.757 0-101.83-3.701-3.694-7.429-6.564-10.341-8.569a16.037 16.037 0 0 1-6.947-12.606c-.396-10.567 3.348-21.456 11.698-29.806l21.054-21.055c5.521-5.521 14.182-6.199 20.584-1.731a152.482 152.482 0 0 1 20.522 17.197zM467.547 44.449c-59.261-59.262-155.69-59.27-214.96 0l-67.2 67.2c-.12.12-.25.25-.36.37-58.566 58.892-59.387 154.781.36 214.59a152.454 152.454 0 0 0 20.521 17.196c6.402 4.468 15.064 3.789 20.584-1.731l21.054-21.055c8.35-8.35 12.094-19.239 11.698-29.806a16.037 16.037 0 0 0-6.947-12.606c-2.912-2.005-6.64-4.875-10.341-8.569-28.073-28.073-28.191-73.639 0-101.83l67.2-67.19c28.239-28.239 74.3-28.069 102.325.51 27.75 28.3 26.872 73.934-1.155 101.96l-13.087 13.087c-4.35 4.35-5.769 10.79-3.783 16.612 5.864 17.194 9.042 34.999 9.69 52.721.509 13.906 17.454 20.446 27.294 10.606l37.106-37.106c59.271-59.259 59.271-155.699.001-214.959z"></path></svg> <a href="https://www.pipinghotdata.com/">pipinghotdata.com</a></p>
<p><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#C7B41D;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg> <a href="https://twitter.com/PipingHotData">@PipingHotData</a></p>
<p><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewbox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#C7B41D;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z"></path></svg> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/shannon-m-pileggi/">linkedin.com/in/shannon-m-pileggi/</a></p>
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</section>
<section id="acknowledgements" class="slide level2">
<h2>Acknowledgements</h2>
<p><br> Workshop materials have been adapted from the 2020 RStudio <a href="https://rstats-wtf.github.io/wtf-2020-rsc/">What They Forgot To Teach You About R</a> Workshop. <br> <br> This work is licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a> (CC BY-SA4.0).</p>
</section>
<section id="checklist" class="slide level2">
<h2>Checklist</h2>
<p><br></p>
<p><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#C7B41D;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"></path></svg> R installed? Pretty recent?</p>
<p> Current version 4.2.0</p>
<p><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#C7B41D;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"></path></svg> RStudio installed?</p>
<p> I’m on 2022.02.3+492</p>
<p><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:#C7B41D;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z"></path></svg> Have these packages?</p>
<p> <code>tidyverse</code> (includes <code>purrr</code>); <code>repurrrsive</code></p>
</section>
<section id="additional-resources" class="slide level2 smaller">
<h2>Additional resources</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Jenny Bryan purrr tutorial<br> <a href="https://jennybc.github.io/purrr-tutorial/" class="uri">https://jennybc.github.io/purrr-tutorial/</a></p></li>
<li><p>Charlotte Wickham purrr tutorial<br> <a href="https://github.com/cwickham/purrr-tutorial" class="uri">https://github.com/cwickham/purrr-tutorial</a></p></li>
<li><p>Jenny Bryan row-oriented workflows workshop<br> <a href="https://github.com/jennybc/row-oriented-workflows" class="uri">https://github.com/jennybc/row-oriented-workflows</a></p></li>
<li><p>Advanced R by Hadley Wickham, Ch 9 Functionals<br> <a href="https://adv-r.hadley.nz/functionals.html" class="uri">https://adv-r.hadley.nz/functionals.html</a></p></li>
<li><p>The Joy of Functional Programming (for Data Science)<br> webinar by Hadley Wickham <br> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzUmK0Y07ck" class="uri">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzUmK0Y07ck</a></p></li>
</ul>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="syntax-aside" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Syntax aside</h1>
</section>
<section id="pipes" class="slide level2">
<h2>Pipes</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>2014+ magrittr pipe <code>%>%</code></p></li>
<li><p>2021+ (R <span class="math inline">\(\geq\)</span> 4.1.0) native R pipe <code>|></code></p></li>
</ul>
<p>2022 Isabella Velásquez Understanding the native R pipe |> <a href="https://ivelasq.rbind.io/blog/understanding-the-r-pipe/" class="uri">https://ivelasq.rbind.io/blog/understanding-the-r-pipe/</a></p>
<div class="fragment">
<p><brshort></brshort></p>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1"></a><span class="fu">whatever</span>(arg1, arg2, arg3, ...)</span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3"></a>arg1 <span class="sc">|></span> </span>
<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4"></a> <span class="fu">whatever</span>(arg2, arg3)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:5%;">
</div><div class="column" style="width:45%;">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1"></a><span class="fu">mean</span>(<span class="dv">0</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">10</span>)</span>
<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3"></a><span class="dv">0</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">10</span> <span class="sc">|></span> </span>
<span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4"></a> <span class="fu">mean</span>()</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Change <code>CTRL + Shift + M</code> shortcut to native pipe:</p>
<p><code>Tools -> Global Options -> Code -></code></p>
<p> <code>Editing -> check Use Native Pipe Operator</code></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="r-for-data-science-ch-18-pipes" class="slide level2">
<h2>R for Data Science: Ch 18 Pipes</h2>
<img data-src="img/foo-foo.png" class="r-stretch"><div class="footer">
<p><a href="https://r4ds.had.co.nz/pipes.html#pipes" class="uri">https://r4ds.had.co.nz/pipes.html#pipes</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="namespacing" class="slide level2">
<h2>Namespacing</h2>
<p><code>dplyr::select()</code></p>
<ul>
<li><p>tells R explicitly to use the function <code>select</code> from the package <code>dplyr</code></p></li>
<li><p>can help to avoid name conflicts (e.g., <code>MASS::select()</code>)</p></li>
<li><p>does not require <code>library(dplyr)</code></p></li>
</ul>
<div class="fragment">
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:45%;">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(dplyr)</span>
<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3"></a><span class="fu">select</span>(mtcars, mpg, cyl) </span>
<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4"></a></span>
<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5"></a>mtcars <span class="sc">|></span> </span>
<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6"></a> <span class="fu">select</span>(mpg, cyl) </span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:5%;">
</div><div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1"></a><span class="co"># library(dplyr) not needed</span></span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3"></a>dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">select</span>(mtcars, mpg, cyl) </span>
<span id="cb4-4"><a href="#cb4-4"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-5"><a href="#cb4-5"></a>mtcars <span class="sc">|></span> </span>
<span id="cb4-6"><a href="#cb4-6"></a> dplyr<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">select</span>(mpg, cyl) </span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="iterating-without-purrr" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Iterating without purrr</h1>
</section>
<section id="gapminder-example" class="slide level2">
<h2>Gapminder example</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(gapminder)</span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse)</span>
<span id="cb5-3"><a href="#cb5-3"></a>gapminder</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 1,704 × 6
country continent year lifeExp pop gdpPercap
<fct> <fct> <int> <dbl> <int> <dbl>
1 Afghanistan Asia 1952 28.8 8425333 779.
2 Afghanistan Asia 1957 30.3 9240934 821.
3 Afghanistan Asia 1962 32.0 10267083 853.
4 Afghanistan Asia 1967 34.0 11537966 836.
5 Afghanistan Asia 1972 36.1 13079460 740.
6 Afghanistan Asia 1977 38.4 14880372 786.
7 Afghanistan Asia 1982 39.9 12881816 978.
8 Afghanistan Asia 1987 40.8 13867957 852.
9 Afghanistan Asia 1992 41.7 16317921 649.
10 Afghanistan Asia 1997 41.8 22227415 635.
# … with 1,694 more rows</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p>Hans Rosling discusses Gapminder data<br> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVimVzgtD6w" class="uri">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVimVzgtD6w</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="gapminder-life-expectancy" class="slide level2">
<h2>Gapminder life expectancy</h2>
<img data-src="index_files/figure-revealjs/unnamed-chunk-7-1.png" width="960" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="section" class="slide level2">
<h2></h2>
<div class="question">
<p>What am I doing? Are there mistakes?</p>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb7-1"><a href="#cb7-1"></a>africa <span class="ot"><-</span> gapminder[gapminder<span class="sc">$</span>continent <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Africa"</span>, ]</span>
<span id="cb7-2"><a href="#cb7-2"></a>africa_mm <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">max</span>(africa<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp) <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fu">min</span>(africa<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp)</span>
<span id="cb7-3"><a href="#cb7-3"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-4"><a href="#cb7-4"></a>americas <span class="ot"><-</span> gapminder[gapminder<span class="sc">$</span>continent <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Americas"</span>, ]</span>
<span id="cb7-5"><a href="#cb7-5"></a>americas_mm <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">max</span>(americas<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp) <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fu">min</span>(americas<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp)</span>
<span id="cb7-6"><a href="#cb7-6"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-7"><a href="#cb7-7"></a>asia <span class="ot"><-</span> gapminder[gapminder<span class="sc">$</span>continent <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Asia"</span>, ]</span>
<span id="cb7-8"><a href="#cb7-8"></a>asia_mm <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">max</span>(asia<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp) <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fu">min</span>(africa<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp)</span>
<span id="cb7-9"><a href="#cb7-9"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-10"><a href="#cb7-10"></a>europe <span class="ot"><-</span> gapminder[gapminder<span class="sc">$</span>continent <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Europe"</span>, ]</span>
<span id="cb7-11"><a href="#cb7-11"></a>europe_mm <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">max</span>(europe<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp) <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fu">min</span>(europe<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp)</span>
<span id="cb7-12"><a href="#cb7-12"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-13"><a href="#cb7-13"></a>oceania <span class="ot"><-</span> gapminder[gapminder<span class="sc">$</span>continent <span class="sc">==</span> <span class="st">"Oceania"</span>, ]</span>
<span id="cb7-14"><a href="#cb7-14"></a>oceania_mm <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">max</span>(europe<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp) <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fu">min</span>(oceania<span class="sc">$</span>lifeExp)</span>
<span id="cb7-15"><a href="#cb7-15"></a></span>
<span id="cb7-16"><a href="#cb7-16"></a><span class="fu">cbind</span>(</span>
<span id="cb7-17"><a href="#cb7-17"></a> <span class="at">continent =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"Africa"</span>, <span class="st">"Asias"</span>, <span class="st">"Europe"</span>, <span class="st">"Oceania"</span>),</span>
<span id="cb7-18"><a href="#cb7-18"></a> <span class="at">max_minus_min =</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(africa_mm, americas_mm, asia_mm, europe_mm, oceania_mm)</span>
<span id="cb7-19"><a href="#cb7-19"></a> )</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="countdown" id="timer_62a0f7f5" style="right:0;bottom:-10%;font-size:2em;" data-audio="true" data-warnwhen="0">
<code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">01</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="discussion" class="slide level2">
<h2>Discussion</h2>
<div class="question">
<ol type="1">
<li><p>What are the drawbacks of this code?</p></li>
<li><p>How would you do it instead?</p></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="countdown" id="timer_62a0f7db" style="right:0;bottom:0;" data-warnwhen="0">
<code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">01</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">00</span></code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="an-alternative-solution" class="slide level2">
<h2>An alternative solution</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb8-1"><a href="#cb8-1"></a>gapminder <span class="sc">|></span> </span>
<span id="cb8-2"><a href="#cb8-2"></a> <span class="fu">group_by</span>(continent) <span class="sc">|></span> </span>
<span id="cb8-3"><a href="#cb8-3"></a> <span class="fu">summarize</span>(<span class="at">max_minus_min =</span> <span class="fu">max</span>(lifeExp) <span class="sc">-</span> <span class="fu">min</span>(lifeExp))</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<p><code>group_by</code> approach</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code># A tibble: 5 × 2
continent max_minus_min
<fct> <dbl>
1 Africa 52.8
2 Americas 43.1
3 Asia 53.8
4 Europe 38.2
5 Oceania 12.1</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<p>previous approach</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code> continent max_minus_min
[1,] "Africa" "52.843"
[2,] "Asias" "43.074"
[3,] "Europe" "59.004"
[4,] "Oceania" "38.172"
[5,] "Africa" "12.637" </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="more-iteration" class="slide level2">
<h2>More iteration</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb11"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb11-1"><a href="#cb11-1"></a>year <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="dv">2017</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">2021</span></span>
<span id="cb11-2"><a href="#cb11-2"></a>location <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"Orlando"</span>, <span class="st">"San Diego"</span>, <span class="st">"Austin"</span>, <span class="st">"San Francisco"</span>, <span class="st">"remote"</span>)</span>
<span id="cb11-3"><a href="#cb11-3"></a></span>
<span id="cb11-4"><a href="#cb11-4"></a>conf <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">rep_len</span>(<span class="st">""</span>, <span class="fu">length</span>(year))</span>
<span id="cb11-5"><a href="#cb11-5"></a><span class="cf">for</span> (i <span class="cf">in</span> <span class="fu">seq_along</span>(conf)) {</span>
<span id="cb11-6"><a href="#cb11-6"></a> conf[i] <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">paste0</span>(<span class="st">"The "</span>, year[i], <span class="st">" RStudio Conference was in "</span>, location[i], <span class="st">"."</span>)</span>
<span id="cb11-7"><a href="#cb11-7"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb11-8"><a href="#cb11-8"></a>conf</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "The 2017 RStudio Conference was in Orlando."
[2] "The 2018 RStudio Conference was in San Diego."
[3] "The 2019 RStudio Conference was in Austin."
[4] "The 2020 RStudio Conference was in San Francisco."
[5] "The 2021 RStudio Conference was in remote." </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><brshort></brshort></p>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<div class="question">
<p>Can you think of other ways to do this?</p>
</div>
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="countdown" id="timer_62a0f930" style="right:-10%;bottom:-10%;" data-warnwhen="0">
<code class="countdown-time"><span class="countdown-digits minutes">00</span><span class="countdown-digits colon">:</span><span class="countdown-digits seconds">30</span></code>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="more-iteration-cont." class="slide level2">
<h2>More iteration, cont.</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb13"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb13-1"><a href="#cb13-1"></a>year <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="dv">2017</span><span class="sc">:</span><span class="dv">2021</span></span>
<span id="cb13-2"><a href="#cb13-2"></a>location <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">c</span>(<span class="st">"Orlando"</span>, <span class="st">"San Diego"</span>, <span class="st">"Austin"</span>, <span class="st">"San Francisco"</span>, <span class="st">"remote"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><brshort></brshort></p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb14-1"><a href="#cb14-1"></a><span class="fu">paste0</span>(<span class="st">"The "</span>, year, <span class="st">" RStudio Conference was in "</span>, location, <span class="st">"."</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] "The 2017 RStudio Conference was in Orlando."
[2] "The 2018 RStudio Conference was in San Diego."
[3] "The 2019 RStudio Conference was in Austin."
[4] "The 2020 RStudio Conference was in San Francisco."
[5] "The 2021 RStudio Conference was in remote." </code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><brshort></brshort></p>
<div class="fragment">
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb16"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb16-1"><a href="#cb16-1"></a>glue<span class="sc">::</span><span class="fu">glue</span>(<span class="st">"The {year} RStudio Conference was in {location}."</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>The 2017 RStudio Conference was in Orlando.
The 2018 RStudio Conference was in San Diego.
The 2019 RStudio Conference was in Austin.
The 2020 RStudio Conference was in San Francisco.
The 2021 RStudio Conference was in remote.</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<p>Some R functions are <em>vectorized</em>.</p>
</div>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="introducing-purrr" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Introducing purrr</h1>
</section>
<section id="but-what-if-you-really-need-to-iterate" class="slide level2 center center-x">
<h2>But what if you really need to iterate?</h2>
<p><br></p>
<img data-src="img/purrr-logo.png" style="width:20.0%" class="r-stretch"></section>
<section id="purrr" class="slide level2">
<h2><code>purrr</code></h2>
<p><a href="https://purrr.tidyverse.org/" class="uri">https://purrr.tidyverse.org/</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><code>purrr</code> enhances R’s functional programming toolkit</p></li>
<li><p>a “core” package in the tidyverse meta-package</p></li>
</ul>
<p><br></p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb18"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb18-1"><a href="#cb18-1"></a><span class="fu">install.packages</span>(<span class="st">"tidyverse"</span>) <span class="co"># <-- install purrr + much more</span></span>
<span id="cb18-2"><a href="#cb18-2"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(tidyverse) <span class="co"># <-- loads purrr + much more</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<p><br></p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb19"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb19-1"><a href="#cb19-1"></a><span class="fu">install.packages</span>(<span class="st">"purrr"</span>) <span class="co"># <-- installs only purrr</span></span>
<span id="cb19-2"><a href="#cb19-2"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(purrr) <span class="co"># <-- loads only purrr</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="purrr-vs-apply" class="slide level2">
<h2><code>purrr</code> vs <code>apply</code></h2>
<ul>
<li><p>purrr is an alternative to “apply” functions</p></li>
<li><p><code>purrr::map()</code> ≈ <code>base::lapply()</code></p></li>
</ul>
<img data-src="img/tutorial-purrr-base.png" class="r-stretch"><div class="footer">
<p><a href="https://jennybc.github.io/purrr-tutorial/bk01_base-functions.html" class="uri">https://jennybc.github.io/purrr-tutorial/bk01_base-functions.html</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="data" class="slide level2">
<h2>Data</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb20"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb20-1"><a href="#cb20-1"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(purrr)</span>
<span id="cb20-2"><a href="#cb20-2"></a><span class="fu">library</span>(repurrrsive)</span>
<span id="cb20-3"><a href="#cb20-3"></a><span class="fu">help</span>(<span class="at">package =</span> <span class="st">"repurrrsive"</span>)</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:47%;">
<p><code>got_chars</code></p>
<p><img data-src="img/logo-got.jpg"></p>
</div><div class="column" style="width:3%;">
</div><div class="column" style="width:50%;">
<p><code>sw_people</code>, <code>sw_species</code>, etc.</p>
<p><img data-src="img/logo_star-wars.png"></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="get-comfortable-with-lists" class="slide level2">
<h2>Get comfortable with lists</h2>
<img data-src="img/list-vector.png" class="r-stretch">
<div class="footer">
<p><a href="https://adv-r.hadley.nz/vectors-chap.html#vectors-chap" class="uri">https://adv-r.hadley.nz/vectors-chap.html#vectors-chap</a></p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>Atomic vectors are familiar: logical, integer, double, character</p>
<p>Vectors come in two flavours: atomic vectors and lists. They differ in terms of their elements’ types: for atomic vectors, all elements must have the same type; for lists, elements can have different types.</p>
<style type="text/css">
span.MJX_Assistive_MathML {
position:absolute!important;
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
padding: 1px 0 0 0!important;
border: 0!important;
height: 1px!important;
width: 1px!important;
overflow: hidden!important;
display:block!important;
}</style></aside>
</section>
<section id="working-with-lists" class="slide level2">
<h2>Working with lists</h2>
<img data-src="img/drink-water.gif" class="r-stretch"><div class="footer">
<p><a href="https://media.giphy.com/media/Bqn8Z7xdPCFy0/giphy.gif" class="uri">https://media.giphy.com/media/Bqn8Z7xdPCFy0/giphy.gif</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="live-coding" class="slide level2">
<h2>Live coding</h2>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>How many elements are in <code>got_chars</code>?</p></li>
<li><p>Who is the 9th person listed in <code>got_chars</code>? What information is given for this person?</p></li>
<li><p>What is the difference between <code>got_chars[9]</code> and <code>got_chars[[9]]</code>?</p></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section id="list-exploration" class="slide level2">
<h2>List exploration</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb21"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb21-1"><a href="#cb21-1"></a><span class="fu">str</span>(x, <span class="at">list.len =</span> ?, <span class="at">max.level =</span> ?)</span>
<span id="cb21-2"><a href="#cb21-2"></a></span>
<span id="cb21-3"><a href="#cb21-3"></a>x[i]</span>
<span id="cb21-4"><a href="#cb21-4"></a></span>
<span id="cb21-5"><a href="#cb21-5"></a>x[[i]]</span>
<span id="cb21-6"><a href="#cb21-6"></a></span>
<span id="cb21-7"><a href="#cb21-7"></a><span class="fu">str</span>(x[[i]], ...)</span>
<span id="cb21-8"><a href="#cb21-8"></a></span>
<span id="cb21-9"><a href="#cb21-9"></a><span class="fu">View</span>(x) <span class="co"># in RStudio</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="subsetting-lists" class="slide level2">
<h2>Subsetting lists</h2>
<p><img data-src="img/train-1.png"></p>
<div class="fragment">
<p><img data-src="img/train-2.png"></p>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<p><code>[</code> returns a smaller list; <code>[[</code> returns contents in the list</p>
<div class="footer">
<p><a href="https://adv-r.hadley.nz/subsetting.html#subset-single" class="uri">https://adv-r.hadley.nz/subsetting.html#subset-single</a></p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>The train carrying objects is a list named x. x[1] is a train with the first car x[[1]] is the contents of car 1</p>
<style type="text/css">
span.MJX_Assistive_MathML {
position:absolute!important;
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border: 0!important;
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overflow: hidden!important;
display:block!important;
}</style></aside>
</div>
</section>
<section id="another-list-analogy" class="slide level2">
<h2>Another list analogy</h2>
<div class="columns">
<div class="column" style="width:33%;">
<p><code>x</code></p>
<p><img data-src="img/pepper-1.jpg"></p>
</div><div class="column" style="width:33%;">
<p><code>x[i]</code></p>
<p><img data-src="img/pepper-2.jpg"></p>
</div><div class="column" style="width:33%;">
<p><code>x[[i]]</code></p>
<p><img data-src="img/pepper-3.jpg"></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<p><a href="https://r4ds.had.co.nz/vectors.html?q=list#lists-of-condiments" class="uri">https://r4ds.had.co.nz/vectors.html?q=list#lists-of-condiments</a></p>
</div>
<aside class="notes">
<p>If this pepper shaker is your list x, then, x[1] is a pepper shaker containing a single pepper packet. x[2] would look the same, but would contain the second packet. x[1:2] would be a pepper shaker containing two pepper packets. x[[1]] is the pepper packet.</p>
<style type="text/css">
span.MJX_Assistive_MathML {
position:absolute!important;
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
padding: 1px 0 0 0!important;
border: 0!important;
height: 1px!important;
width: 1px!important;
overflow: hidden!important;
display:block!important;
}</style></aside>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="iterating-with-purrr" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>Iterating with purrr</h1>
</section>
<section id="section-1" class="slide level2">
<h2></h2>
<p><br> <br></p>
<div class="r-fit-text">
<p><code>purrr::map(.x, .f, ...)</code></p>
</div>
<p><br></p>
<div class="fragment">
<div class="r-fit-text">
<p>for every element of <code>.x</code> do <code>.f</code></p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="section-2" class="slide level2" data-background-image="img/lego-rstats_101-6938.jpg">
<h2></h2>
<p><br></p>
<div class="black-code center-x">
<p>.x = minis</p>
</div>
<div class="footer">
</div>
</section>
<section id="section-3" class="slide level2" data-background-image="img/lego-rstats_102-6929.jpg">
<h2></h2>
<p><br></p>
<div class="black-code center-x">
<p>map(minis, antennate)</p>
</div>
<div class="footer">
</div>
</section>
<section id="section-4" class="slide level2">
<h2></h2>
<div class="r-fit-text">
<p>for every element of <code>.x</code> do <code>.f</code></p>
</div>
<img data-src="img/map.png" class="r-stretch"><div class="footer">
<p>Advanced R: Ch. 9 Functionals</p>
<p><a href="https://adv-r.hadley.nz/functionals.html" class="uri">https://adv-r.hadley.nz/functionals.html</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="purrrmap.x-.f-..." class="slide level2">
<h2><code>purrr::map(.x, .f, ...)</code></h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb22"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb22-1"><a href="#cb22-1"></a>.x <span class="ot"><-</span> SOME VECTOR OR LIST</span>
<span id="cb22-2"><a href="#cb22-2"></a>out <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">vector</span>(<span class="at">mode =</span> <span class="st">"list"</span>, <span class="at">length =</span> <span class="fu">length</span>(.x))</span>
<span id="cb22-3"><a href="#cb22-3"></a><span class="cf">for</span> (i <span class="cf">in</span> <span class="fu">seq_along</span>(out)) {</span>
<span id="cb22-4"><a href="#cb22-4"></a> out[[i]] <span class="ot"><-</span> <span class="fu">.f</span>(.x[[i]])</span>
<span id="cb22-5"><a href="#cb22-5"></a>}</span>
<span id="cb22-6"><a href="#cb22-6"></a>out</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<p><br> <code>purrr::map()</code> is a nice way to write a for loop.</p>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<p><br></p>
<p><em>Someone has to write a for loop. It doesn’t have to be you.</em></p>
<p> <em>~ Jenny Bryan</em></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="workflow-demonstration" class="slide level2">
<h2>Workflow demonstration</h2>
<p>How many aliases does each GoT character have?</p>
<div class="fragment">
<p><code>map(got_chars, .f = 🤷)</code></p>
<p><br></p>
</div>
<div class="fragment">
<p>Workflow:</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>Do it for one element.</li>
<li>Find the general recipe.</li>
<li>Drop into <code>map()</code> to do for all.</li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section id="do-it-for-one-element" class="slide level2">
<h2>1. Do it for one element</h2>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb23"><pre class="sourceCode numberSource r number-lines code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb23-1"><a href="#cb23-1"></a>got_chars[[<span class="dv">9</span>]]</span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>$url
[1] "https://www.anapioficeandfire.com/api/characters/1303"
$id
[1] 1303
$name
[1] "Daenerys Targaryen"
$gender
[1] "Female"
$culture
[1] "Valyrian"
$born
[1] "In 284 AC, at Dragonstone"
$died
[1] ""
$alive
[1] TRUE
$titles
[1] "Queen of the Andals and the Rhoynar and the First Men, Lord of the Seven Kingdoms"
[2] "Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea"
[3] "Breaker of Shackles/Chains"
[4] "Queen of Meereen"