diff --git a/tornado/locale.py b/tornado/locale.py
index adb1f77420..8b5fde4af9 100644
--- a/tornado/locale.py
+++ b/tornado/locale.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import csv
 import datetime
 import gettext
+import glob
 import os
 import re
 
@@ -198,13 +199,10 @@ def load_gettext_translations(directory: str, domain: str) -> None:
     global _supported_locales
     global _use_gettext
     _translations = {}
-    for lang in os.listdir(directory):
-        if lang.startswith("."):
-            continue  # skip .svn, etc
-        if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, lang)):
-            continue
+
+    for filename in glob.glob(os.path.join(directory, '*', 'LC_MESSAGES', domain + '.mo')):
+        lang = filename.split('/LC_MESSAGES/', 1)[0].split(directory, 1)[1].strip('/')
         try:
-            os.stat(os.path.join(directory, lang, "LC_MESSAGES", domain + ".mo"))
             _translations[lang] = gettext.translation(
                 domain, directory, languages=[lang]
             )