From 5b08a87ccfae4bd83cb29bcbd1e94939bf193427 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: j-mendez <jeff@a11ywatch.com>
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 18:06:04 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] chore(tables): fix double table walk

---
 Cargo.lock                                    |     2 +-
 Cargo.toml                                    |     2 +-
 src/lib.rs                                    |    51 +-
 src/tables.rs                                 |   130 +-
 ...-wikipedia-org_wiki_Angolan_kusimanse.html | 13023 +++++
 .../en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Aspartic_acid.html  | 16042 +++++++
 .../wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Cat.html       | 40103 ++++++++++++++++
 .../en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Donskoy_cat.html    |  1072 +
 ...ikipedia-org_wiki_Languages_of_Africa.html |  2840 ++
 .../en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Preadaptation.html  |  1440 +
 ...dia-org_wiki_Small-toothed_palm_civet.html |  1522 +
 ...wikipedia-org_wiki_The_New_York_Times.html |  3631 ++
 tests/images.rs                               |     2 +
 tests/integration.rs                          |    63 +-
 14 files changed, 79817 insertions(+), 106 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Angolan_kusimanse.html
 create mode 100644 test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Aspartic_acid.html
 create mode 100644 test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Cat.html
 create mode 100644 test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Donskoy_cat.html
 create mode 100644 test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Languages_of_Africa.html
 create mode 100644 test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Preadaptation.html
 create mode 100644 test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Small-toothed_palm_civet.html
 create mode 100644 test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_The_New_York_Times.html

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 827f145..332540a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fast_html2md"
-version = "0.0.21"
+version = "0.0.22"
 dependencies = [
  "auto_encoder",
  "html5ever",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 6506164..8dd63e8 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "fast_html2md"
-version = "0.0.21"
+version = "0.0.22"
 edition = "2021"
 description = "A fast html2md crate for rust"
 categories = ["development-tools", "parsing", "parser-implementations"]
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 01f0265..1c93143 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ use dummy::DummyHandler;
 use dummy::HtmlCherryPickHandler;
 use dummy::IdentityHandler;
 use headers::HeaderHandler;
+use html5ever::LocalName;
 use iframes::IframeHandler;
 use images::ImgHandler;
 use lists::ListHandler;
@@ -75,12 +76,11 @@ pub fn parse_html_custom_base(
     commonmark: bool,
     url: &Option<Url>,
 ) -> String {
-    match parse_document(RcDom::default(), ParseOpts::default())
-        .from_utf8()
-        .read_from(&mut html.as_bytes())
-    {
+    let document_parser = parse_document(RcDom::default(), ParseOpts::default());
+
+    match document_parser.from_utf8().read_from(&mut html.as_bytes()) {
         Ok(dom) => {
-            let mut result = StructuredPrinter::default();
+            let mut result = Box::new(StructuredPrinter::default());
 
             walk(
                 &dom.document,
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ pub fn parse_html_custom_base(
                 } else {
                     None
                 },
+                false,
             );
 
             // we want to eventually remove the clean step.
@@ -174,6 +175,7 @@ fn walk(
     custom: &HashMap<String, Box<dyn TagHandlerFactory>>,
     commonmark: bool,
     url: &Option<Arc<Url>>,
+    ignore_parents: bool,
 ) {
     let mut handler: Box<dyn TagHandler> = Box::new(DummyHandler);
     let mut tag_name = String::default();
@@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ fn walk(
         NodeData::Element { .. } | NodeData::Text { .. }
     );
 
-    if find_parent_tags {
+    if find_parent_tags && !ignore_parents {
         for tag in result.parent_chain.iter() {
             if tag == "code" {
                 inside_code = true;
@@ -205,7 +207,10 @@ fn walk(
     }
 
     match input.data {
-        NodeData::Document | NodeData::Doctype { .. } | NodeData::ProcessingInstruction { .. } => {}
+        NodeData::Document
+        | NodeData::Comment { .. }
+        | NodeData::Doctype { .. }
+        | NodeData::ProcessingInstruction { .. } => (),
         NodeData::Text { ref contents } => {
             let mut text = contents.borrow().to_string();
 
@@ -221,10 +226,10 @@ fn walk(
                 }
 
                 let minified_text = EXCESSIVE_WHITESPACE_PATTERN.replace_all(&text, " ");
+
                 result.append_str(minified_text.trim());
             }
         }
-        NodeData::Comment { .. } => {} // ignore comments
         NodeData::Element { ref name, .. } => {
             tag_name = name.local.to_string();
 
@@ -271,7 +276,7 @@ fn walk(
                             "sub" | "sup" => Box::new(IdentityHandler::new(commonmark)),
                             // tables, handled fully internally as markdown can't have nested content in tables
                             // supports only single tables as of now
-                            "table" => Box::new(TableHandler::default()),
+                            "table" => Box::new(TableHandler::new(commonmark, url.clone())),
                             "iframe" => Box::new(IframeHandler),
                             _ => Box::new(DummyHandler),
                         }
@@ -287,28 +292,30 @@ fn walk(
 
     // save this tag name as parent for child nodes
     result.parent_chain.push(tag_name.clone()); // e.g. it was ["body"] and now it's ["body", "p"]
+
     let current_depth = result.parent_chain.len(); // e.g. it was 1 and now it's 2
 
     // create space for siblings of next level
     result.siblings.insert(current_depth, vec![]);
 
-    for child in input.children.borrow().iter() {
-        if handler.skip_descendants() {
-            continue;
-        }
+    if !handler.skip_descendants() {
+        let children = input.children.borrow();
 
-        walk(child, result, custom, commonmark, url);
+        for child in children.iter() {
+            walk(child, result, custom, commonmark, url, false);
 
-        if let NodeData::Element { ref name, .. } = child.data {
-            if let Some(el) = result.siblings.get_mut(&current_depth) {
-                let eln = name.local.to_string();
-                let ignore_push = eln == "script" || eln == "style";
+            if let NodeData::Element { ref name, .. } = child.data {
+                if let Some(el) = result.siblings.get_mut(&current_depth) {
+                    let eln = name.local.to_string();
 
-                if !ignore_push {
-                    el.push(eln)
+                    let ignore_push = eln == "script" || eln == "style";
+
+                    if !ignore_push {
+                        el.push(eln)
+                    }
                 }
-            }
-        };
+            };
+        }
     }
 
     // clear siblings of next level
diff --git a/src/tables.rs b/src/tables.rs
index 570ae08..76f1359 100644
--- a/src/tables.rs
+++ b/src/tables.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,36 @@
 use super::StructuredPrinter;
 use super::TagHandler;
 use super::{clean_markdown, walk};
-
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::{cmp, collections::HashMap};
 
+use html5ever::LocalName;
 use markup5ever_rcdom::{Handle, NodeData};
+use url::Url;
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct TableHandler {
     commonmark: bool,
+    url: Option<Arc<Url>>,
+}
+
+const TD: LocalName = html5ever::local_name!("td");
+const TH: LocalName = html5ever::local_name!("th");
+
+impl TableHandler {
+    /// A new table handler.
+    pub fn new(commonmark: bool, url: Option<std::sync::Arc<Url>>) -> Self {
+        TableHandler { commonmark, url }
+    }
 }
 
 impl TagHandler for TableHandler {
     fn handle(&mut self, tag: &Handle, printer: &mut StructuredPrinter) {
         let mut table_markup = String::new();
 
-        let any_matcher = |cell: &Handle| {
-            let name = tag_name(cell);
-            name == "td" || name == "th"
+        let any_matcher = |cell: &Handle| match cell.data {
+            NodeData::Element { ref name, .. } => name.local == TD || name.local == TH,
+            _ => false,
         };
 
         // detect cell width, counts
@@ -39,34 +52,33 @@ impl TagHandler for TableHandler {
 
             column_widths = vec![3; column_count];
 
-            // detect max column width
+            // header row must always be present
             for (idx, row) in rows.iter().enumerate() {
+                table_markup.push('|');
                 let cells = collect_children(row, any_matcher);
+
+                let mut inner_table_markup = String::new();
+
                 for index in 0..column_count {
-                    // from regular rows
+                    if index >= 10000 {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     if let Some(cell) = cells.get(index) {
-                        let text = to_text(cell, self.commonmark);
+                        let mut text = to_text(cell, self.commonmark, &self.url);
+
                         column_widths[index] = cmp::max(column_widths[index], text.chars().count());
-                    }
-                }
-                if idx >= 1000 {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
 
-            // header row must always be present
-            for (idx, row) in rows.iter().enumerate() {
-                table_markup.push('|');
-                let cells = collect_children(row, any_matcher);
+                        // we need to fill all cells in a column, even if some rows don't have enough
+                        pad_cell_text(&mut text, column_widths[index]);
 
-                for index in 0..column_count {
-                    // we need to fill all cells in a column, even if some rows don't have enough
-                    let padded_cell_text =
-                        pad_cell_text(&cells.get(index), column_widths[index], self.commonmark);
-                    table_markup.push_str(&padded_cell_text);
-                    table_markup.push('|');
+                        inner_table_markup.push_str(&text);
+                    }
+
+                    inner_table_markup.push('|');
                 }
 
+                table_markup.push_str(&inner_table_markup);
                 table_markup.push('\n');
 
                 if idx == 0 {
@@ -131,13 +143,14 @@ impl TagHandler for TableHandler {
                 }
             }
 
-            printer.insert_newline();
             printer.insert_newline();
             printer.append_str(&table_markup);
         }
     }
 
-    fn after_handle(&mut self, _printer: &mut StructuredPrinter) {}
+    fn after_handle(&mut self, printer: &mut StructuredPrinter) {
+        printer.insert_newline();
+    }
 
     fn skip_descendants(&self) -> bool {
         true
@@ -149,43 +162,19 @@ impl TagHandler for TableHandler {
 /// `tag` - optional reference to currently processed handle, text is extracted from here
 ///
 /// `column_width` - precomputed column width to compute padding length from
-fn pad_cell_text(tag: &Option<&Handle>, column_width: usize, commonmark: bool) -> String {
-    let mut result = String::new();
-    if let Some(cell) = tag {
-        // have header at specified position
-        let text = to_text(cell, commonmark);
-        // compute difference between width and text length
-        let len_diff = column_width - text.chars().count();
-
-        if len_diff > 0 {
-            // should pad
-            if len_diff > 1 {
-                result.push(' ');
-                result.push_str(&text);
-                result.push(' ');
-            } else {
-                // it's just one space, add at the end
-                result.push_str(&text);
-                result.push(' ');
-            }
+fn pad_cell_text(text: &mut String, column_width: usize) {
+    // Compute difference between column width and text length
+    let len_diff = column_width
+        .checked_sub(text.chars().count())
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    if len_diff > 0 {
+        if len_diff > 1 {
+            text.insert(0, ' ');
+            text.push(' ');
         } else {
-            // shouldn't pad, text fills whole cell
-            result.push_str(&text);
+            text.push(' ');
         }
-    } else {
-        // no text in this cell, fill cell with spaces
-        result.push(' ');
-    }
-
-    result
-}
-
-/// Extracts tag name from passed tag
-/// Returns empty string if it's not an html element
-fn tag_name(tag: &Handle) -> String {
-    match tag.data {
-        NodeData::Element { ref name, .. } => name.local.to_string(),
-        _ => String::new(),
     }
 }
 
@@ -194,12 +183,16 @@ fn tag_name(tag: &Handle) -> String {
 fn find_children(tag: &Handle, name: &str) -> Vec<Handle> {
     let mut result: Vec<Handle> = vec![];
     let children = tag.children.borrow();
+
     for child in children.iter() {
-        if tag_name(child) == name {
-            result.push(child.clone());
+        if let NodeData::Element { ref name, .. } = tag.data {
+            if name.local == name.local {
+                result.push(child.clone());
+            }
         }
 
         let mut descendants = find_children(child, name);
+
         result.append(&mut descendants);
     }
 
@@ -212,8 +205,8 @@ fn collect_children<P>(tag: &Handle, predicate: P) -> Vec<Handle>
 where
     P: Fn(&Handle) -> bool,
 {
-    let mut result: Vec<Handle> = vec![];
     let children = tag.children.borrow();
+    let mut result: Vec<Handle> = Vec::with_capacity(children.len());
 
     for child in children.iter() {
         if predicate(child) {
@@ -226,8 +219,15 @@ where
 
 /// Convert html tag to text. This collects all tag children in correct order where they're observed
 /// and concatenates their text, recursively.
-fn to_text(tag: &Handle, commonmark: bool) -> String {
+fn to_text(tag: &Handle, commonmark: bool, url: &Option<std::sync::Arc<Url>>) -> String {
     let mut printer = StructuredPrinter::default();
-    walk(tag, &mut printer, &HashMap::default(), commonmark, &None);
+    walk(
+        tag,
+        &mut printer,
+        &HashMap::default(),
+        commonmark,
+        &url,
+        false,
+    );
     clean_markdown(&printer.data)
 }
diff --git a/test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Angolan_kusimanse.html b/test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Angolan_kusimanse.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f4c76b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Angolan_kusimanse.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13023 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html
+  class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available"
+  lang="en"
+  dir="ltr"
+>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>Angolan kusimanse - Wikipedia</title>
+    <script>
+      (function () {
+        var className =
+          "client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";
+        var cookie = document.cookie.match(
+          /(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/
+        );
+        if (cookie) {
+          cookie[1].split("%2C").forEach(function (pref) {
+            className = className.replace(
+              new RegExp(
+                "(^| )" +
+                  pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g, "") +
+                  "-clientpref-\\w+( |$)"
+              ),
+              "$1" + pref + "$2"
+            );
+          });
+        }
+        document.documentElement.className = className;
+      })();
+      RLCONF = {
+        wgBreakFrames: false,
+        wgSeparatorTransformTable: ["", ""],
+        wgDigitTransformTable: ["", ""],
+        wgDefaultDateFormat: "dmy",
+        wgMonthNames: [
+          "",
+          "January",
+          "February",
+          "March",
+          "April",
+          "May",
+          "June",
+          "July",
+          "August",
+          "September",
+          "October",
+          "November",
+          "December",
+        ],
+        wgRequestId: "ae3a1447-7019-4c39-88cd-fbb0b75af54d",
+        wgCanonicalNamespace: "",
+        wgCanonicalSpecialPageName: false,
+        wgNamespaceNumber: 0,
+        wgPageName: "Angolan_kusimanse",
+        wgTitle: "Angolan kusimanse",
+        wgCurRevisionId: 1111588955,
+        wgRevisionId: 1111588955,
+        wgArticleId: 5386377,
+        wgIsArticle: true,
+        wgIsRedirect: false,
+        wgAction: "view",
+        wgUserName: null,
+        wgUserGroups: ["*"],
+        wgCategories: [
+          "Articles with short description",
+          "Short description is different from Wikidata",
+          "Articles with 'species' microformats",
+          "All stub articles",
+          "IUCN Red List least concern species",
+          "Kusimanses",
+          "Mammals of Angola",
+          "Mammals of the Democratic Republic of the Congo",
+          "Mammals described in 1910",
+          "Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas",
+          "Carnivora stubs",
+        ],
+        wgPageViewLanguage: "en",
+        wgPageContentLanguage: "en",
+        wgPageContentModel: "wikitext",
+        wgRelevantPageName: "Angolan_kusimanse",
+        wgRelevantArticleId: 5386377,
+        wgIsProbablyEditable: true,
+        wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable: true,
+        wgRestrictionEdit: [],
+        wgRestrictionMove: [],
+        wgNoticeProject: "wikipedia",
+        wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive: false,
+        wgFlaggedRevsParams: { tags: { status: { levels: 1 } } },
+        wgMediaViewerOnClick: true,
+        wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault: true,
+        wgPopupsFlags: 0,
+        wgVisualEditor: {
+          pageLanguageCode: "en",
+          pageLanguageDir: "ltr",
+          pageVariantFallbacks: "en",
+        },
+        wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions: {
+          search: true,
+          watchlist: true,
+          tagline: false,
+          nearby: true,
+        },
+        wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample: false,
+        wgWMEPageLength: 2000,
+        wgRelatedArticlesCompat: [],
+        wgCentralAuthMobileDomain: false,
+        wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish: true,
+        wgULSPosition: "interlanguage",
+        wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled: false,
+        wgVector2022LanguageInHeader: true,
+        wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty: false,
+        wgWikibaseItemId: "Q541756",
+        wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi: [
+          "architecture",
+          "bitness",
+          "brands",
+          "fullVersionList",
+          "mobile",
+          "model",
+          "platform",
+          "platformVersion",
+        ],
+        GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics: true,
+        wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled: false,
+        wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled: false,
+        wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser: false,
+      };
+      RLSTATE = {
+        "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready",
+        "site.styles": "ready",
+        "user.styles": "ready",
+        "ext.globalCssJs.user": "ready",
+        user: "ready",
+        "user.options": "loading",
+        "ext.cite.styles": "ready",
+        "skins.vector.search.codex.styles": "ready",
+        "skins.vector.styles": "ready",
+        "skins.vector.icons": "ready",
+        "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles": "ready",
+        "ext.wikimediamessages.styles": "ready",
+        "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript": "ready",
+        "ext.uls.interlanguage": "ready",
+        "wikibase.client.init": "ready",
+        "ext.wikimediaBadges": "ready",
+      };
+      RLPAGEMODULES = [
+        "ext.cite.ux-enhancements",
+        "site",
+        "mediawiki.page.ready",
+        "jquery.makeCollapsible",
+        "skins.vector.js",
+        "ext.centralNotice.geoIP",
+        "ext.centralNotice.startUp",
+        "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips",
+        "ext.gadget.switcher",
+        "ext.urlShortener.toolbar",
+        "ext.centralauth.centralautologin",
+        "mmv.bootstrap",
+        "ext.popups",
+        "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init",
+        "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader",
+        "ext.echo.centralauth",
+        "ext.eventLogging",
+        "ext.wikimediaEvents",
+        "ext.navigationTiming",
+        "ext.uls.interface",
+        "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns",
+        "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions",
+        "wikibase.client.vector-2022",
+        "ext.checkUser.clientHints",
+        "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession",
+        "wikibase.sidebar.tracking",
+      ];
+    </script>
+    <script>
+      (RLQ = window.RLQ || []).push(function () {
+        mw.loader.impl(function () {
+          return [
+            "user.options@12s5i",
+            function ($, jQuery, require, module) {
+              mw.user.tokens.set({
+                patrolToken: "+\\",
+                watchToken: "+\\",
+                csrfToken: "+\\",
+              });
+            },
+          ];
+        });
+      });
+    </script>
+    <link
+      rel="stylesheet"
+      href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"
+    />
+    <script
+      async=""
+      src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"
+    ></script>
+    <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="" />
+    <link
+      rel="stylesheet"
+      href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"
+    />
+    <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.2" />
+    <meta name="referrer" content="origin" />
+    <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin" />
+    <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard" />
+    <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />
+    <meta
+      property="og:image"
+      content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Angolan_Kusimanse_area.png"
+    />
+    <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
+    <meta property="og:image:height" content="1308" />
+    <meta
+      property="og:image"
+      content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Angolan_Kusimanse_area.png"
+    />
+    <meta property="og:image:width" content="800" />
+    <meta property="og:image:height" content="872" />
+    <meta property="og:image:width" content="640" />
+    <meta property="og:image:height" content="698" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120" />
+    <meta property="og:title" content="Angolan kusimanse - Wikipedia" />
+    <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
+    <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org" />
+    <link
+      rel="alternate"
+      media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)"
+      href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse"
+    />
+    <link
+      rel="alternate"
+      type="application/x-wiki"
+      title="Edit this page"
+      href="/w/index.php?title=Angolan_kusimanse&amp;action=edit"
+    />
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+      rel="EditURI"
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+      href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"
+    />
+    <link
+      rel="canonical"
+      href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse"
+    />
+    <link
+      rel="license"
+      href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"
+    />
+    <link
+      rel="alternate"
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+  >
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+                aria-hidden="true"
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+                              accesskey="r"
+                              ><span>Recent changes</span></a
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+          <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo">
+            <img
+              class="mw-logo-icon"
+              src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png"
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+                class="mw-logo-wordmark"
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+                src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg"
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+                class="mw-logo-tagline"
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+                src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg"
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+              />
+            </span>
+          </a>
+        </div>
+        <div class="vector-header-end">
+          <div
+            id="p-search"
+            role="search"
+            class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"
+          >
+            <a
+              href="/wiki/Special:Search"
+              class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle"
+              title="Search Wikipedia [f]"
+              accesskey="f"
+              ><span
+                class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"
+              ></span>
+
+              <span>Search</span>
+            </a>
+            <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container">
+              <div
+                class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"
+              >
+                <form
+                  action="/w/index.php"
+                  id="searchform"
+                  class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"
+                >
+                  <div
+                    id="simpleSearch"
+                    class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper"
+                    data-search-loc="header-moved"
+                  >
+                    <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon">
+                      <input
+                        class="cdx-text-input__input"
+                        type="search"
+                        name="search"
+                        placeholder="Search Wikipedia"
+                        aria-label="Search Wikipedia"
+                        autocapitalize="sentences"
+                        title="Search Wikipedia [f]"
+                        accesskey="f"
+                        id="searchInput"
+                      />
+                      <span
+                        class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"
+                      ></span>
+                    </div>
+                    <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search" />
+                  </div>
+                  <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">
+                    Search
+                  </button>
+                </form>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <nav
+            class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide"
+            aria-label="Personal tools"
+          >
+            <div class="vector-user-links-main">
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance">
+                <div
+                  id="vector-appearance-dropdown"
+                  class="vector-dropdown"
+                  title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color"
+                >
+                  <input
+                    type="checkbox"
+                    id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox"
+                    role="button"
+                    aria-haspopup="true"
+                    data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                    aria-label="Appearance"
+                  />
+                  <label
+                    id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label"
+                    for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only"
+                    aria-hidden="true"
+                    ><span
+                      class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"
+                    ></span>
+
+                    <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span>
+                  </label>
+                  <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                    <div
+                      id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container"
+                      class="vector-unpinned-container"
+                    ></div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </nav>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                    <li
+                      id="pt-sitesupport-2"
+                      class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        data-mw="interface"
+                        href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"
+                        class=""
+                        ><span>Donate</span></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="pt-createaccount-2"
+                      class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        data-mw="interface"
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Angolan+kusimanse"
+                        title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"
+                        class=""
+                        ><span>Create account</span></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="pt-login-2"
+                      class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        data-mw="interface"
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Angolan+kusimanse"
+                        title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]"
+                        accesskey="o"
+                        class=""
+                        ><span>Log in</span></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div
+              id="vector-user-links-dropdown"
+              class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out"
+              title="Log in and more options"
+            >
+              <input
+                type="checkbox"
+                id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox"
+                role="button"
+                aria-haspopup="true"
+                data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown"
+                class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                aria-label="Personal tools"
+              />
+              <label
+                id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label"
+                for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox"
+                class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only"
+                aria-hidden="true"
+                ><span
+                  class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"
+                ></span>
+
+                <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span>
+              </label>
+              <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                <div
+                  id="p-personal"
+                  class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item"
+                  title="User menu"
+                >
+                  <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                    <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                      <li
+                        id="pt-sitesupport"
+                        class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"
+                          ><span>Donate</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        id="pt-createaccount"
+                        class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Angolan+kusimanse"
+                          title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"
+                          ><span
+                            class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"
+                          ></span>
+                          <span>Create account</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        id="pt-login"
+                        class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Angolan+kusimanse"
+                          title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]"
+                          accesskey="o"
+                          ><span
+                            class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"
+                          ></span>
+                          <span>Log in</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                <div
+                  id="p-user-menu-anon-editor"
+                  class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor"
+                >
+                  <div class="vector-menu-heading">
+                    Pages for logged out editors
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Help:Introduction"
+                      aria-label="Learn more about editing"
+                      ><span>learn more</span></a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                    <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                      <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions"
+                          title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]"
+                          accesskey="y"
+                          ><span>Contributions</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk"
+                          title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]"
+                          accesskey="n"
+                          ><span>Talk</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </nav>
+        </div>
+      </header>
+    </div>
+    <div class="mw-page-container">
+      <div class="mw-page-container-inner">
+        <div class="vector-sitenotice-container">
+          <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="vector-column-start">
+          <div class="vector-main-menu-container">
+            <div id="mw-navigation">
+              <nav
+                id="mw-panel"
+                class="vector-main-menu-landmark"
+                aria-label="Site"
+              >
+                <div
+                  id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container"
+                  class="vector-pinned-container"
+                ></div>
+              </nav>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container">
+            <nav
+              id="mw-panel-toc"
+              aria-label="Contents"
+              data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc"
+              class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"
+            >
+              <div
+                id="vector-toc-pinned-container"
+                class="vector-pinned-container"
+              >
+                <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element">
+                  <div
+                    class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned"
+                    data-feature-name="toc-pinned"
+                    data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc"
+                  >
+                    <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
+                    <button
+                      class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button"
+                      data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin"
+                    >
+                      move to sidebar
+                    </button>
+                    <button
+                      class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button"
+                      data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin"
+                    >
+                      hide
+                    </button>
+                  </div>
+
+                  <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list">
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-mw-content-text"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
+                      </a>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-References"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>
+                          <span>References</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-References-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-External_links"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>
+                          <span>External links</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-External_links-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </nav>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="mw-content-container">
+          <main id="content" class="mw-body">
+            <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
+              <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark">
+                <div
+                  id="vector-page-titlebar-toc"
+                  class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left"
+                >
+                  <input
+                    type="checkbox"
+                    id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox"
+                    role="button"
+                    aria-haspopup="true"
+                    data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                    aria-label="Toggle the table of contents"
+                  />
+                  <label
+                    id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label"
+                    for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only"
+                    aria-hidden="true"
+                    ><span
+                      class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"
+                    ></span>
+
+                    <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text"
+                      >Toggle the table of contents</span
+                    >
+                  </label>
+                  <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                    <div
+                      id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container"
+                      class="vector-unpinned-container"
+                    ></div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </nav>
+              <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
+                <span class="mw-page-title-main">Angolan kusimanse</span>
+              </h1>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-lang-btn"
+                class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang"
+              >
+                <input
+                  type="checkbox"
+                  id="p-lang-btn-checkbox"
+                  role="button"
+                  aria-haspopup="true"
+                  data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn"
+                  class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector"
+                  aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages"
+                />
+                <label
+                  id="p-lang-btn-label"
+                  for="p-lang-btn-checkbox"
+                  class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27"
+                  aria-hidden="true"
+                  ><span
+                    class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"
+                  ></span>
+
+                  <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span>
+                </label>
+                <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                  <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                    <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C"
+                          title="کروسارچوس انسورقی – South Azerbaijani"
+                          lang="azb"
+                          hreflang="azb"
+                          data-title="کروسارچوس انسورقی"
+                          data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه"
+                          data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>تۆرکجه</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)"
+                          lang="be-tarask"
+                          hreflang="be-tarask"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)"
+                          data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5"
+                          title="Анзоргова кузиманзе – Bulgarian"
+                          lang="bg"
+                          hreflang="bg"
+                          data-title="Анзоргова кузиманзе"
+                          data-language-autonym="Български"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bulgarian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Български</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangosta_d%27Angola"
+                          title="Mangosta d&#039;Angola – Catalan"
+                          lang="ca"
+                          hreflang="ca"
+                          data-title="Mangosta d&#039;Angola"
+                          data-language-autonym="Català"
+                          data-language-local-name="Catalan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Català</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Cebuano"
+                          lang="ceb"
+                          hreflang="ceb"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Cebuano"
+                          data-language-local-name="Cebuano"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Cebuano</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angola-Kusimanse"
+                          title="Angola-Kusimanse – German"
+                          lang="de"
+                          hreflang="de"
+                          data-title="Angola-Kusimanse"
+                          data-language-autonym="Deutsch"
+                          data-language-local-name="German"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Deutsch</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82"
+                          title="Κρόσσαρχος της Ανγκόλας – Greek"
+                          lang="el"
+                          hreflang="el"
+                          data-title="Κρόσσαρχος της Ανγκόλας"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά"
+                          data-language-local-name="Greek"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ελληνικά</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Spanish"
+                          lang="es"
+                          hreflang="es"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Español"
+                          data-language-local-name="Spanish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Español</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Basque"
+                          lang="eu"
+                          hreflang="eu"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Euskara"
+                          data-language-local-name="Basque"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Euskara</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C"
+                          title="خدنگچه آنگولایی – Persian"
+                          lang="fa"
+                          hreflang="fa"
+                          data-title="خدنگچه آنگولایی"
+                          data-language-autonym="فارسی"
+                          data-language-local-name="Persian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>فارسی</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangouste_d%27Angola"
+                          title="Mangouste d&#039;Angola – French"
+                          lang="fr"
+                          hreflang="fr"
+                          data-title="Mangouste d&#039;Angola"
+                          data-language-autonym="Français"
+                          data-language-local-name="French"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Français</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%99%EA%B3%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%BF%A0%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%8C%EC%8A%A4"
+                          title="앙골라쿠시만스 – Korean"
+                          lang="ko"
+                          hreflang="ko"
+                          data-title="앙골라쿠시만스"
+                          data-language-autonym="한국어"
+                          data-language-local-name="Korean"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>한국어</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusimanse_angola"
+                          title="Kusimanse angola – Indonesian"
+                          lang="id"
+                          hreflang="id"
+                          data-title="Kusimanse angola"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia"
+                          data-language-local-name="Indonesian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Italian"
+                          lang="it"
+                          hreflang="it"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Italiano"
+                          data-language-local-name="Italian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Italiano</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99"
+                          title="קוסימן אנגולי – Hebrew"
+                          lang="he"
+                          hreflang="he"
+                          data-title="קוסימן אנגולי"
+                          data-language-autonym="עברית"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hebrew"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>עברית</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guritcol_(Crossarchus_ansorgei)"
+                          title="Guritcol (Crossarchus ansorgei) – Kotava"
+                          lang="avk"
+                          hreflang="avk"
+                          data-title="Guritcol (Crossarchus ansorgei)"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kotava"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kotava"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kotava</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansorge-zebramanguszta"
+                          title="Ansorge-zebramanguszta – Hungarian"
+                          lang="hu"
+                          hreflang="hu"
+                          data-title="Ansorge-zebramanguszta"
+                          data-language-autonym="Magyar"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hungarian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Magyar</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%89"
+                          title="كروساركوس انسورجى – Egyptian Arabic"
+                          lang="arz"
+                          hreflang="arz"
+                          data-title="كروساركوس انسورجى"
+                          data-language-autonym="مصرى"
+                          data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>مصرى</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolakoesimanse"
+                          title="Angolakoesimanse – Dutch"
+                          lang="nl"
+                          hreflang="nl"
+                          data-title="Angolakoesimanse"
+                          data-language-autonym="Nederlands"
+                          data-language-local-name="Dutch"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Nederlands</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0"
+                          title="Ангола кузиманза – Eastern Mari"
+                          lang="mhr"
+                          hreflang="mhr"
+                          data-title="Ангола кузиманза"
+                          data-language-autonym="Олык марий"
+                          data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Олык марий</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B2"
+                          title="انگولی مونگوز – Western Punjabi"
+                          lang="pnb"
+                          hreflang="pnb"
+                          data-title="انگولی مونگوز"
+                          data-language-autonym="پنجابی"
+                          data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>پنجابی</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusimansi_angolian"
+                          title="Kusimansi angolian – Albanian"
+                          lang="sq"
+                          hreflang="sq"
+                          data-title="Kusimansi angolian"
+                          data-language-autonym="Shqip"
+                          data-language-local-name="Albanian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Shqip</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Swedish"
+                          lang="sv"
+                          hreflang="sv"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Svenska"
+                          data-language-local-name="Swedish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Svenska</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Turkish"
+                          lang="tr"
+                          hreflang="tr"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Türkçe"
+                          data-language-local-name="Turkish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Türkçe</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Ukrainian"
+                          lang="uk"
+                          hreflang="uk"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Українська"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ukrainian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Українська</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Vietnamese"
+                          lang="vi"
+                          hreflang="vi"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt"
+                          data-language-local-name="Vietnamese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                          title="Crossarchus ansorgei – Waray"
+                          lang="war"
+                          hreflang="war"
+                          data-title="Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                          data-language-autonym="Winaray"
+                          data-language-local-name="Waray"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Winaray</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                    <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang">
+                      <span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"
+                        ><a
+                          href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q541756#sitelinks-wikipedia"
+                          title="Edit interlanguage links"
+                          class="wbc-editpage"
+                          >Edit links</a
+                        ></span
+                      >
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </header>
+            <div class="vector-page-toolbar">
+              <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container">
+                <div id="left-navigation">
+                  <nav aria-label="Namespaces">
+                    <div
+                      id="p-associated-pages"
+                      class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages"
+                    >
+                      <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                        <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-nstab-main"
+                            class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse"
+                              title="View the content page [c]"
+                              accesskey="c"
+                              ><span>Article</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-talk"
+                            class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Talk:Angolan_kusimanse"
+                              rel="discussion"
+                              title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]"
+                              accesskey="t"
+                              ><span>Talk</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                        </ul>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div
+                      id="vector-variants-dropdown"
+                      class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet"
+                    >
+                      <input
+                        type="checkbox"
+                        id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        role="button"
+                        aria-haspopup="true"
+                        data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown"
+                        class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        aria-label="Change language variant"
+                      />
+                      <label
+                        id="vector-variants-dropdown-label"
+                        for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet"
+                        aria-hidden="true"
+                        ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span>
+                      </label>
+                      <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                        <div
+                          id="p-variants"
+                          class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet"
+                        >
+                          <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                            <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </nav>
+                </div>
+                <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible">
+                  <nav aria-label="Views">
+                    <div
+                      id="p-views"
+                      class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views"
+                    >
+                      <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                        <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-view"
+                            class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse"
+                              ><span>Read</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-edit"
+                            class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/w/index.php?title=Angolan_kusimanse&amp;action=edit"
+                              title="Edit this page [e]"
+                              accesskey="e"
+                              ><span>Edit</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-history"
+                            class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/w/index.php?title=Angolan_kusimanse&amp;action=history"
+                              title="Past revisions of this page [h]"
+                              accesskey="h"
+                              ><span>View history</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                        </ul>
+                      </div>
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+                    class="vector-page-tools-landmark"
+                    aria-label="Page tools"
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+                    >
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+                        type="checkbox"
+                        id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        role="button"
+                        aria-haspopup="true"
+                        data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown"
+                        class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        aria-label="Tools"
+                      />
+                      <label
+                        id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label"
+                        for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet"
+                        aria-hidden="true"
+                        ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span>
+                      </label>
+                      <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                        <div
+                          id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container"
+                          class="vector-unpinned-container"
+                        >
+                          <div
+                            id="vector-page-tools"
+                            class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"
+                          >
+                            <div
+                              class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned"
+                              data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned"
+                              data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools"
+                              data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container"
+                              data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container"
+                            >
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+            >
+              <div class="vector-body-before-content">
+                <div class="mw-indicators"></div>
+
+                <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">
+                  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div>
+
+              <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content">
+                <div
+                  class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output"
+                  lang="en"
+                  dir="ltr"
+                >
+                  <div
+                    class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux"
+                    style="display: none"
+                  >
+                    Species of mongoose from Africa
+                  </div>
+                  <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p>
+                  <table
+                    class="infobox biota"
+                    style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"
+                  >
+                    <tbody>
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="
+                            color: inherit;
+                            text-align: center;
+                            background-color: rgb(235, 235, 210);
+                          "
+                        >
+                          Angolan kusimanse
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr
+                        style="
+                          color: inherit;
+                          text-align: center;
+                          background-color: rgb(235, 235, 210);
+                        "
+                      >
+                        <th colspan="2">
+                          <div style="text-align: center">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Conservation_status"
+                              title="Conservation status"
+                              >Conservation status</a
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2">
+                          <div style="text-align: center">
+                            <span
+                              class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image"
+                              typeof="mw:File/Frameless"
+                              ><span
+                                ><img
+                                  alt=""
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png"
+                                  decoding="async"
+                                  width="220"
+                                  height="59"
+                                  class="mw-file-element"
+                                  srcset="
+                                    //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                    //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x
+                                  "
+                                  data-file-width="512"
+                                  data-file-height="137" /></span></span
+                            ><br /><a
+                              href="/wiki/Least_Concern"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Least Concern"
+                              >Least Concern</a
+                            >
+                            <small
+                              >&#160;(<a
+                                href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List"
+                                title="IUCN Red List"
+                                >IUCN 3.1</a
+                              >)<sup
+                                id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0"
+                                class="reference"
+                                ><a
+                                  href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"
+                                  ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span
+                                    class="cite-bracket"
+                                    >&#93;</span
+                                  ></a
+                                ></sup
+                              ></small
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="
+                            color: inherit;
+                            min-width: 15em;
+                            text-align: center;
+                            background-color: rgb(235, 235, 210);
+                          "
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)"
+                            title="Taxonomy (biology)"
+                            >Scientific classification</a
+                          >
+                          <span
+                            class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert"
+                            style="
+                              font-size: smaller;
+                              float: right;
+                              padding-right: 0.4em;
+                              margin-left: -3em;
+                            "
+                            ><span typeof="mw:File"
+                              ><a
+                                href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Crossarchus"
+                                title="Edit this classification"
+                                ><img
+                                  alt="Edit this classification"
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png"
+                                  decoding="async"
+                                  width="15"
+                                  height="15"
+                                  class="mw-file-element"
+                                  srcset="
+                                    //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                    //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x
+                                  "
+                                  data-file-width="20"
+                                  data-file-height="20" /></a></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Domain:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote"
+                            >Eukaryota</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Kingdom:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Phylum:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Class:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Order:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora"
+                            >Carnivora</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Suborder:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia"
+                            >Feliformia</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Family:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose"
+                            >Herpestidae</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Genus:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus"
+                            ><i>Crossarchus</i></a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Species:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <div style="display: inline" class="species">
+                            <i><b>C.&#160;ansorgei</b></i>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="
+                            color: inherit;
+                            text-align: center;
+                            background-color: rgb(235, 235, 210);
+                          "
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature"
+                            title="Binomial nomenclature"
+                            >Binomial name</a
+                          >
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">
+                          <b
+                            ><span class="binomial"
+                              ><span style="font-weight: normal"></span
+                              ><i>Crossarchus ansorgei</i></span
+                            ></b
+                          ><br />
+                          <div style="font-size: 85%">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Oldfield_Thomas"
+                              title="Oldfield Thomas"
+                              >Thomas</a
+                            >, 1910
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">
+                          <span
+                            class="mw-default-size"
+                            typeof="mw:File/Frameless"
+                            ><a
+                              href="/wiki/File:Angolan_Kusimanse_area.png"
+                              class="mw-file-description"
+                              ><img
+                                src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Angolan_Kusimanse_area.png/220px-Angolan_Kusimanse_area.png"
+                                decoding="async"
+                                width="220"
+                                height="240"
+                                class="mw-file-element"
+                                srcset="
+                                  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Angolan_Kusimanse_area.png/330px-Angolan_Kusimanse_area.png 1.5x,
+                                  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Angolan_Kusimanse_area.png                                        2x
+                                "
+                                data-file-width="333"
+                                data-file-height="363" /></a
+                          ></span>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"
+                        >
+                          Angolan kusimanse range<br />(green - extant, pink -
+                          probably extant)
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                    </tbody>
+                  </table>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">
+                    @media screen {
+                      html.skin-theme-clientpref-night
+                        .mw-parser-output
+                        .infobox.biota
+                        tr {
+                        background: transparent !important;
+                      }
+                      html.skin-theme-clientpref-night
+                        .mw-parser-output
+                        .infobox.biota
+                        img {
+                        background: transparent;
+                      }
+                    }
+                    @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+                      html.skin-theme-clientpref-os
+                        .mw-parser-output
+                        .infobox.biota
+                        tr {
+                        background: transparent !important;
+                      }
+                      html.skin-theme-clientpref-os
+                        .mw-parser-output
+                        .infobox.biota
+                        img {
+                        background: white;
+                      }
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output
+                      .infobox.biota
+                      .taxobox-edit-taxonomy
+                      img {
+                      background: transparent !important;
+                    }
+                    body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox {
+                      margin-top: 0.5em;
+                    }
+                    body.skin--responsive
+                      .mw-parser-output
+                      table.biota.infobox
+                      tr.taxonrow
+                      td {
+                      padding: 2px 10px;
+                    }
+                  </style>
+                  <p>
+                    The <b>Angolan kusimanse</b> (<i
+                      ><b>Crossarchus ansorgei</b></i
+                    >), also known as <b>Ansorge's kusimanse</b>, is a
+                    <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of small
+                    <a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">mongoose</a>.
+                    There are two recognized
+                    <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a
+                    >: <i>C. a. ansorgei</i>, found in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>; and
+                    <i>C. a. nigricolor</i>, found in
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/DR_Congo"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="DR Congo"
+                      >DR Congo</a
+                    >, which do not have overlapping ranges. It prefers
+                    <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a>
+                    type
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Habitat_(ecology)"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Habitat (ecology)"
+                      >habitat</a
+                    >, and avoids regions inhabited by humans. It grows to 12–18
+                    inches in length, with a 6–10 inch long
+                    <a href="/wiki/Tail" title="Tail">tail</a>, and weighs
+                    1–3&#160;lb. Little is known about this species of
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Kusimanse"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Kusimanse"
+                      >kusimanse</a
+                    >, and there are no estimates of its wild population numbers
+                    or status. Until 1984, the species was only known from two
+                    specimens from
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Baringa,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo"
+                      title="Baringa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"
+                      >Baringa</a
+                    >
+                    but are now thought to be quite common in some regions.
+                    Threats are probably
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction"
+                      title="Habitat destruction"
+                      >habitat loss</a
+                    >
+                    and bushmeat hunting. However, this species is protected by
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Salonga_National_Park"
+                      title="Salonga National Park"
+                      >Salonga National Park</a
+                    >.
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="References">References</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Angolan_kusimanse&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1"
+                        title="Edit section: References"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
+                    .mw-parser-output .reflist {
+                      margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+                      list-style-type: decimal;
+                    }
+                    @media screen {
+                      .mw-parser-output .reflist {
+                        font-size: 90%;
+                      }
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .reflist .references {
+                      font-size: 100%;
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+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a
+                                href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0"
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+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                  .cs1-maint {
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+                            ><cite
+                              id="CITEREFAngelici,_F.M.Do_Linh_San,_E.2015"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Angelici, F.M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41594/45205422"
+                                >"<i>Crossarchus ansorgei</i>"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List"
+                                  title="IUCN Red List"
+                                  >IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. <b>2015</b>: e.T41594A45205422.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41594A45205422.en"
+                                  >10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41594A45205422.en</a
+                                ></span
+                              ><span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">19 November</span>
+                                2021</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&amp;rft.atitle=Crossarchus+ansorgei&amp;rft.volume=2015&amp;rft.pages=e.T41594A45205422&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41594A45205422.en&amp;rft.au=Angelici%2C+F.M.&amp;rft.au=Do+Linh+San%2C+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F41594%2F45205422&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngolan+kusimanse"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                      </ol>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Angolan_kusimanse&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2"
+                        title="Edit section: External links"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516151222/http://www.gisbau.uniroma1.it/data/amd/amd110/amd110.pdf"
+                        >University of Rome: <i>Crossarchus ansorgei</i></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
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+                            <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li class="nv-view">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template:Carnivora"
+                                    title="Template:Carnivora"
+                                    ><abbr title="View this template"
+                                      >v</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-talk">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carnivora"
+                                    title="Template talk:Carnivora"
+                                    ><abbr title="Discuss this template"
+                                      >t</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
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+                                <li class="nv-edit">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora"
+                                    title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora"
+                                    ><abbr title="Edit this template"
+                                      >e</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                            <div
+                              id="Extant_Carnivora_species"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              Extant
+                              <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora"
+                                >Carnivora</a
+                              >
+                              species
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
+                            <div>
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  Kingdom:
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal"
+                                    >Animalia</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  Phylum:
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate"
+                                    >Chordata</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  Class:
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal"
+                                    >Mammalia</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  Infraclass:
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria"
+                                    >Eutheria</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  Superorder:
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria"
+                                    title="Laurasiatheria"
+                                    >Laurasiatheria</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Feliformia_(&amp;quot;cat-like&amp;quot;_carnivorans)"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Feliformia"
+                                        title="Feliformia"
+                                        >Feliformia
+                                        <span
+                                          style="
+                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                            font-style: normal;
+                                          "
+                                          >("cat-like" carnivorans)</span
+                                        ></a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            id="Feliformia"
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Feliformia"
+                                                title="Feliformia"
+                                                >Feliformia</a
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/African_palm_civet"
+                                                            title="African palm civet"
+                                                            >African palm civet
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >Nandinia
+                                                              binotata</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            id="Feloidea"
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                position: absolute;
+                                                                transform: translate(
+                                                                    -50%,
+                                                                    -50%
+                                                                  )
+                                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Feliformia"
+                                                                title="Feliformia"
+                                                                >Feloidea</a
+                                                              >
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    id="Prionodon_(Asiatic_linsangs)"
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang"
+                                                                        title="Asiatic linsang"
+                                                                        >Prionodon</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                    <small
+                                                                      ><span
+                                                                        style="
+                                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                                        "
+                                                                        >(Asiatic
+                                                                        linsangs)</span
+                                                                      ></small
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Banded_linsang"
+                                                                            title="Banded linsang"
+                                                                            >Banded
+                                                                            linsang
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              linsang</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang"
+                                                                            title="Spotted linsang"
+                                                                            >Spotted
+                                                                            linsang
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              pardicolor</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                    <table
+                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <th
+                                                                            id="Felidae_(cats)"
+                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                position: absolute;
+                                                                                transform: translate(
+                                                                                    -50%,
+                                                                                    -50%
+                                                                                  )
+                                                                                  rotate(
+                                                                                    270deg
+                                                                                  );
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <a
+                                                                                href="/wiki/Felidae"
+                                                                                title="Felidae"
+                                                                                >Felidae</a
+                                                                              >
+                                                                              <small
+                                                                                ><span
+                                                                                  style="
+                                                                                    color: #696969;
+                                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                                  "
+                                                                                  >(cats)</span
+                                                                                ></small
+                                                                              >
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </th>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                            <table
+                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                    "
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                                    <table
+                                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    >
+                                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            id="Pantherinae"
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <a
+                                                                                              href="/wiki/Pantherinae"
+                                                                                              title="Pantherinae"
+                                                                                              >Pantherinae</a
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Neofelis"
+                                                                                                        title="Neofelis"
+                                                                                                        >Neofelis</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard"
+                                                                                                            title="Sunda clouded leopard"
+                                                                                                            >Sunda
+                                                                                                            clouded
+                                                                                                            leopard
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >N.
+                                                                                                              diardi</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard"
+                                                                                                            title="Clouded leopard"
+                                                                                                            >Clouded
+                                                                                                            leopard
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >N.
+                                                                                                              nebulosa</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Panthera"
+                                                                                                        title="Panthera"
+                                                                                                        >Panthera</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Snow_leopard"
+                                                                                                            title="Snow leopard"
+                                                                                                            >Snow
+                                                                                                            leopard
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              uncia</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Tiger"
+                                                                                                            title="Tiger"
+                                                                                                            >Tiger
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              tigris</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Jaguar"
+                                                                                                            title="Jaguar"
+                                                                                                            >Jaguar
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              onca</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Lion"
+                                                                                                            title="Lion"
+                                                                                                            >Lion
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              leo</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Leopard"
+                                                                                                            title="Leopard"
+                                                                                                            >Leopard
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              pardus</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                                    </table>
+                                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                    "
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        position: absolute;
+                                                                                        transform: translate(
+                                                                                            -50%,
+                                                                                            -50%
+                                                                                          )
+                                                                                          rotate(
+                                                                                            270deg
+                                                                                          );
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    >
+                                                                                      <a
+                                                                                        href="/wiki/Felinae"
+                                                                                        title="Felinae"
+                                                                                        >Felinae</a
+                                                                                      >
+                                                                                      <span
+                                                                                        style="
+                                                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                                                        "
+                                                                                        ><i
+                                                                                          >sensu
+                                                                                          stricto</i
+                                                                                        ></span
+                                                                                      >
+                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                    "
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                                    <table
+                                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    >
+                                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            Bay
+                                                                                            cat<br />lineage
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Pardofelis"
+                                                                                                        title="Pardofelis"
+                                                                                                        >Pardofelis</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Marbled_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Marbled cat"
+                                                                                                            >Marbled
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              marmorata</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Catopuma"
+                                                                                                        title="Catopuma"
+                                                                                                        >Catopuma</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Bay_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Bay cat"
+                                                                                                            >Bay
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >C.
+                                                                                                              badia</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Asian golden cat"
+                                                                                                            >Asian
+                                                                                                            golden
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >C.
+                                                                                                              temminckii</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            Caracal<br />lineage
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Serval"
+                                                                                                            title="Serval"
+                                                                                                            >Serval
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >Leptailurus
+                                                                                                              serval</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)"
+                                                                                                        title="Caracal (genus)"
+                                                                                                        >Caracal</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/African_golden_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="African golden cat"
+                                                                                                            >African
+                                                                                                            golden
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >C.
+                                                                                                              aurata</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Caracal"
+                                                                                                            title="Caracal"
+                                                                                                            >Caracal
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >C.
+                                                                                                              caracal</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <i
+                                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                                href="/wiki/Leopardus"
+                                                                                                title="Leopardus"
+                                                                                                >Leopardus</a
+                                                                                              ></i
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Pampas_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Pampas cat"
+                                                                                                    >Pampas
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      colocola</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Geoffroy&#39;s cat"
+                                                                                                    >Geoffroy's
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      geoffroyi</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Kodkod"
+                                                                                                    title="Kodkod"
+                                                                                                    >Kodkod
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      guigna</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus"
+                                                                                                    title="Leopardus guttulus"
+                                                                                                    >Southern
+                                                                                                    tiger
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      guttulus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Andean mountain cat"
+                                                                                                    >Andean
+                                                                                                    mountain
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      jacobita</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Ocelot"
+                                                                                                    title="Ocelot"
+                                                                                                    >Ocelot
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      pardalis</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Oncilla"
+                                                                                                    title="Oncilla"
+                                                                                                    >Oncilla
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      tigrinus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Margay"
+                                                                                                    title="Margay"
+                                                                                                    >Margay
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      wiedii</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                                            </div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <i
+                                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                                href="/wiki/Lynx"
+                                                                                                title="Lynx"
+                                                                                                >Lynx</a
+                                                                                              ></i
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Canada_lynx"
+                                                                                                    title="Canada lynx"
+                                                                                                    >Canada
+                                                                                                    lynx
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      canadensis</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx"
+                                                                                                    title="Eurasian lynx"
+                                                                                                    >Eurasian
+                                                                                                    lynx
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      lynx</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx"
+                                                                                                    title="Iberian lynx"
+                                                                                                    >Iberian
+                                                                                                    lynx
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      pardinus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Bobcat"
+                                                                                                    title="Bobcat"
+                                                                                                    >Bobcat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      rufus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                                            </div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            Puma<br />lineage
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    id="Acinonyx"
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Acinonyx"
+                                                                                                        title="Acinonyx"
+                                                                                                        >Acinonyx</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Cheetah"
+                                                                                                            title="Cheetah"
+                                                                                                            >Cheetah
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >A.
+                                                                                                              jubatus</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Jaguarundi"
+                                                                                                            title="Jaguarundi"
+                                                                                                            >Jaguarundi
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >Herpailurus
+                                                                                                              yagouaroundi</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)"
+                                                                                                        title="Puma (genus)"
+                                                                                                        >Puma</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Cougar"
+                                                                                                            title="Cougar"
+                                                                                                            >Cougar
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              concolor</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            Leopard
+                                                                                            cat<br />lineage
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Pallas&#39;s cat"
+                                                                                                            >Pallas's
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >Otocolobus
+                                                                                                              manul</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Prionailurus"
+                                                                                                        title="Prionailurus"
+                                                                                                        >Prionailurus</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Leopard_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Leopard cat"
+                                                                                                            >Leopard
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              bengalensis</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Sunda leopard cat"
+                                                                                                            >Sunda
+                                                                                                            leopard
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              javanensis</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Flat-headed cat"
+                                                                                                            >Flat-headed
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              planiceps</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Rusty-spotted cat"
+                                                                                                            >Rusty-spotted
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              rubiginosus</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Fishing_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Fishing cat"
+                                                                                                            >Fishing
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              viverrinus</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <i
+                                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                                href="/wiki/Felis"
+                                                                                                title="Felis"
+                                                                                                >Felis</a
+                                                                                              ></i
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Chinese mountain cat"
+                                                                                                    >Chinese
+                                                                                                    mountain
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      bieti</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Cat"
+                                                                                                    >Domestic
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      catus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Jungle_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Jungle cat"
+                                                                                                    >Jungle
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      chaus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/African_wildcat"
+                                                                                                    title="African wildcat"
+                                                                                                    >African
+                                                                                                    wildcat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      lybica</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Sand_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Sand cat"
+                                                                                                    >Sand
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      margarita</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Black-footed cat"
+                                                                                                    >Black-footed
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      nigripes</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/European_wildcat"
+                                                                                                    title="European wildcat"
+                                                                                                    >European
+                                                                                                    wildcat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      silvestris</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                                            </div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                                    </table>
+                                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                            </table>
+                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                    </table>
+                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Viverroidea"
+                                                      title="Viverroidea"
+                                                      >Viverroidea</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <ul>
+                                                            <li>see below↓</li>
+                                                          </ul>
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Viverroidea"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Viverroidea"
+                                        title="Viverroidea"
+                                        >Viverroidea</a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            id="Viverridae"
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Viverridae"
+                                                title="Viverridae"
+                                                >Viverridae</a
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Hemigalinae"
+                                                      title="Hemigalinae"
+                                                      >Hemigalinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet"
+                                                            title="Owston&#39;s palm civet"
+                                                            >Owston's palm civet
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >Chrotogale
+                                                              owstoni</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Otter_civet"
+                                                            title="Otter civet"
+                                                            >Otter civet (<i
+                                                              >Cynogale
+                                                              bennettii</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet"
+                                                            title="Hose&#39;s palm civet"
+                                                            >Hose's palm civet
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >Diplogale
+                                                              hosei</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet"
+                                                            title="Banded palm civet"
+                                                            >Banded palm civet
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >Hemigalus
+                                                              derbyanus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae"
+                                                      title="Paradoxurinae"
+                                                      >Paradoxurinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Binturong"
+                                                                    title="Binturong"
+                                                                    >Binturong
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Arctictis
+                                                                      binturong</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Small-toothed palm civet"
+                                                                    >Small-toothed
+                                                                    palm civet
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Arctogalidia
+                                                                      trivirgata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Sulawesi palm civet"
+                                                                    >Sulawesi
+                                                                    palm civet
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Macrogalidia
+                                                                      musschenbroekii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Masked palm civet"
+                                                                    >Masked palm
+                                                                    civet (<i
+                                                                      >Paguma
+                                                                      larvata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Paradoxurus"
+                                                                title="Paradoxurus"
+                                                                >Paradoxurus</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Asian palm civet"
+                                                                    >Asian palm
+                                                                    civet (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      hermaphroditus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Brown palm civet"
+                                                                    >Brown palm
+                                                                    civet (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      jerdoni</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Golden palm civet"
+                                                                    >Golden palm
+                                                                    civet (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      zeylonensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato"
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1em;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                position: absolute;
+                                                                transform: translate(
+                                                                    -50%,
+                                                                    -50%
+                                                                  )
+                                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <br /><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Viverrinae"
+                                                                title="Viverrinae"
+                                                                >Viverrinae</a
+                                                              >
+                                                              <br /><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><i
+                                                                  >sensu lato</i
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              >
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <a
+                                                                      href="/wiki/Viverrinae"
+                                                                      title="Viverrinae"
+                                                                      >Viverrinae</a
+                                                                    ><br /><span
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        font-weight: normal;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                      ><i
+                                                                        >sensu
+                                                                        stricto</i
+                                                                      ></span
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                    <table
+                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Small Indian civet"
+                                                                                    >Small
+                                                                                    Indian
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >Viverricula
+                                                                                      indica</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/African_civet"
+                                                                                    title="African civet"
+                                                                                    >African
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >Civettictis
+                                                                                      civetta</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <th
+                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <i
+                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                href="/wiki/Viverra"
+                                                                                title="Viverra"
+                                                                                >Viverra</a
+                                                                              ></i
+                                                                            >
+                                                                          </th>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Malabar large-spotted civet"
+                                                                                    >Malabar
+                                                                                    large-spotted
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >V.
+                                                                                      civettina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Large-spotted civet"
+                                                                                    >Large-spotted
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >V.
+                                                                                      megaspila</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Malayan_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Malayan civet"
+                                                                                    >Malayan
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >V.
+                                                                                      tangalunga</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Large Indian civet"
+                                                                                    >Large
+                                                                                    Indian
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >V.
+                                                                                      zibetha</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                    </table>
+                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <a
+                                                                      href="/wiki/Genettinae"
+                                                                      title="Genettinae"
+                                                                      >Genettinae</a
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                    <table
+                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <th
+                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <i
+                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)"
+                                                                                title="Poiana (genus)"
+                                                                                >Poiana</a
+                                                                              ></i
+                                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                                              ><span
+                                                                                style="
+                                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                                "
+                                                                                >(African
+                                                                                linsangs)</span
+                                                                              ></small
+                                                                            >
+                                                                          </th>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan"
+                                                                                    title="Central African oyan"
+                                                                                    >Central
+                                                                                    African
+                                                                                    oyan
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >P.
+                                                                                      richardsonii</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/West_African_oyan"
+                                                                                    title="West African oyan"
+                                                                                    >West
+                                                                                    African
+                                                                                    oyan
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >P.
+                                                                                      leightoni</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <th
+                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <i
+                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)"
+                                                                                title="Genet (animal)"
+                                                                                >Genetta</a
+                                                                              ></i
+                                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                                              ><span
+                                                                                style="
+                                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                                "
+                                                                                >(genets)</span
+                                                                              ></small
+                                                                            >
+                                                                          </th>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Abyssinian genet"
+                                                                                    >Abyssinian
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      abyssinica</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Angolan_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Angolan genet"
+                                                                                    >Angolan
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      angolensis</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Bourlon&#39;s genet"
+                                                                                    >Bourlon's
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      bourloni</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Crested servaline genet"
+                                                                                    >Crested
+                                                                                    servaline
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      cristata</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Common_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Common genet"
+                                                                                    >Common
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      genetta</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Johnston&#39;s genet"
+                                                                                    >Johnston's
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      johnstoni</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Letaba_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Letaba genet"
+                                                                                    >Letaba
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      letabae</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Rusty-spotted genet"
+                                                                                    >Rusty-spotted
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      maculata</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Pardine_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Pardine genet"
+                                                                                    >Pardine
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      pardina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Aquatic genet"
+                                                                                    >Aquatic
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      piscivora</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/King_genet"
+                                                                                    title="King genet"
+                                                                                    >King
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      poensis</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Servaline_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Servaline genet"
+                                                                                    >Servaline
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      servalina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Hausa_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Hausa genet"
+                                                                                    >Hausa
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      thierryi</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Cape_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Cape genet"
+                                                                                    >Cape
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      tigrina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Giant forest genet"
+                                                                                    >Giant
+                                                                                    forest
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      victoriae</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet"
+                                                                                    title="South African small-spotted genet"
+                                                                                    >South
+                                                                                    African
+                                                                                    small-spotted
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      felina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                    </table>
+                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <td
+                                            colspan="2"
+                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Herpestoidea"
+                                                      title="Herpestoidea"
+                                                      >Herpestoidea</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <ul>
+                                                            <li>see below↓</li>
+                                                          </ul>
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Herpestoidea"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Herpestoidea"
+                                        title="Herpestoidea"
+                                        >Herpestoidea</a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <td
+                                            colspan="2"
+                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)"
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Hyena"
+                                                      title="Hyena"
+                                                      >Hyaenidae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(hyenas)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Proteles"
+                                                                title="Proteles"
+                                                                >Proteles</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Aardwolf"
+                                                                    title="Aardwolf"
+                                                                    >Aardwolf
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      cristata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Hyaeninae"
+                                                              class="mw-redirect"
+                                                              title="Hyaeninae"
+                                                              >Hyaeninae</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                >(bone-crushing
+                                                                hyenas)</span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Striped_hyena"
+                                                                            title="Striped hyena"
+                                                                            >Striped
+                                                                            hyena
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Hyaena
+                                                                              hyaena</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Brown_hyena"
+                                                                            title="Brown hyena"
+                                                                            >Brown
+                                                                            hyena
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Parahyaena
+                                                                              brunnea</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Crocuta"
+                                                                        title="Crocuta"
+                                                                        >Crocuta</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena"
+                                                                            title="Spotted hyena"
+                                                                            >Spotted
+                                                                            hyena
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              crocuta</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Mongoose"
+                                                title="Mongoose"
+                                                >Herpestidae</a
+                                              >
+                                              <span style="font-weight: normal"
+                                                ><i>sensu lato</i></span
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                      text-align: left;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Eupleridae"
+                                                      title="Eupleridae"
+                                                      >Eupleridae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 5.7em"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Euplerinae"
+                                                              title="Euplerinae"
+                                                              >Euplerinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)"
+                                                                            title="Fossa (animal)"
+                                                                            >Fossa
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Cryptoprocta
+                                                                              ferox</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet"
+                                                                            title="Malagasy civet"
+                                                                            >Malagasy
+                                                                            civet
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Fossa
+                                                                              fossana</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Eupleres"
+                                                                        title="Eupleres"
+                                                                        >Eupleres</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc"
+                                                                            title="Eastern falanouc"
+                                                                            >Eastern
+                                                                            falanouc
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >E.
+                                                                              goudotii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Western_falanouc"
+                                                                            title="Western falanouc"
+                                                                            >Western
+                                                                            falanouc
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >E.
+                                                                              major</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 5.7em"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Galidiinae"
+                                                              title="Galidiinae"
+                                                              >Galidiinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira"
+                                                                            title="Ring-tailed vontsira"
+                                                                            >Ring-tailed
+                                                                            vontsira
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Galidia
+                                                                              elegans</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Galidictis"
+                                                                        title="Galidictis"
+                                                                        >Galidictis</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose"
+                                                                            >Broad-striped
+                                                                            Malagasy
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >G.
+                                                                              fasciata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Grandidier&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Grandidier's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >G.
+                                                                              grandidieri</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Narrow-striped mongoose"
+                                                                            >Narrow-striped
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Mungotictis
+                                                                              decemlineata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Salanoia"
+                                                                        title="Salanoia"
+                                                                        >Salanoia</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Brown-tailed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Brown-tailed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >S.
+                                                                              concolor</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira"
+                                                                            title="Durrell&#39;s vontsira"
+                                                                            >Durrell's
+                                                                            vontsira
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >S.
+                                                                              durrelli</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                      text-align: left;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Mongoose"
+                                                      title="Mongoose"
+                                                      >Herpestidae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                    <span
+                                                      style="
+                                                        font-weight: normal;
+                                                      "
+                                                      ><br /><i
+                                                        >sensu stricto</i
+                                                      ></span
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(mongooses)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy"
+                                                              title="Mongoose"
+                                                              >Mungotinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    id="Suricata"
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Suricata"
+                                                                        title="Suricata"
+                                                                        >Suricata</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Meerkat"
+                                                                            title="Meerkat"
+                                                                            >Meerkat
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >S.
+                                                                              suricatta</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Liberian mongoose"
+                                                                            >Liberian
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Liberiictus
+                                                                              kuhni</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Mungos"
+                                                                        title="Mungos"
+                                                                        >Mungos</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Gambian mongoose"
+                                                                            >Gambian
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >M.
+                                                                              gambianus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Banded mongoose"
+                                                                            >Banded
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >M.
+                                                                              mungo</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Pousargues&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Pousargues's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Dologale
+                                                                              dybowskii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Helogale"
+                                                                        title="Helogale"
+                                                                        >Helogale</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose"
+                                                                            >Ethiopian
+                                                                            dwarf
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              hirtula</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Common dwarf mongoose"
+                                                                            >Common
+                                                                            dwarf
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              parvula</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Crossarchus"
+                                                                        title="Crossarchus"
+                                                                        >Crossarchus</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse"
+                                                                            title="Alexander&#39;s kusimanse"
+                                                                            >Alexander's
+                                                                            kusimanse
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              alexandri</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            class="mw-selflink selflink"
+                                                                            >Angolan
+                                                                            kusimanse
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              ansorgei</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse"
+                                                                            title="Common kusimanse"
+                                                                            >Common
+                                                                            kusimanse
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              obscurus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse"
+                                                                            title="Flat-headed kusimanse"
+                                                                            >Flat-headed
+                                                                            kusimanse
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              platycephalus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy"
+                                                              title="Mongoose"
+                                                              >Herpestinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Marsh mongoose"
+                                                                            >Marsh
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Atilax
+                                                                              paludinosus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Long-nosed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Long-nosed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Xenogale
+                                                                              naso</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)"
+                                                                        title="Urva (genus)"
+                                                                        >Urva</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Small Indian mongoose"
+                                                                            >Small
+                                                                            Indian
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              auropunctata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Short-tailed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Short-tailed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              brachyura</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Indian grey mongoose"
+                                                                            >Indian
+                                                                            grey
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              edwardsii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Indian brown mongoose"
+                                                                            >Indian
+                                                                            brown
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              fusca</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Javan mongoose"
+                                                                            >Javan
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              javanica</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Collared mongoose"
+                                                                            >Collared
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              semitorquata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Ruddy mongoose"
+                                                                            >Ruddy
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              smithii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Crab-eating mongoose"
+                                                                            >Crab-eating
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              urva</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Stripe-necked mongoose"
+                                                                            >Stripe-necked
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              vitticolla</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="White-tailed mongoose"
+                                                                            >White-tailed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Ichneumia
+                                                                              albicauda</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Yellow mongoose"
+                                                                            >Yellow
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Cynictis
+                                                                              penicillata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Selous&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Selous's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Paracynictis
+                                                                              selousi</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Meller&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Meller's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Rhynchogale
+                                                                              melleri</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Bdeogale"
+                                                                        title="Bdeogale"
+                                                                        >Bdeogale</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Bushy-tailed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Bushy-tailed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >B.
+                                                                              crassicauda</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Jackson&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Jackson's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >B.
+                                                                              jacksoni</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Black-footed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Black-footed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >B.
+                                                                              nigripes</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Herpestes"
+                                                                        title="Herpestes"
+                                                                        >Herpestes</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Angolan slender mongoose"
+                                                                            >Angolan
+                                                                            slender
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              flavescens</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Egyptian mongoose"
+                                                                            >Egyptian
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              ichneumon</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Somalian slender mongoose"
+                                                                            >Somalian
+                                                                            slender
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              ochracea</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Cape gray mongoose"
+                                                                            >Cape
+                                                                            gray
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              pulverulenta</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Common slender mongoose"
+                                                                            >Common
+                                                                            slender
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              sanguinea</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Caniformia_(&amp;quot;dog-like&amp;quot;_carnivorans)"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Caniformia"
+                                        title="Caniformia"
+                                        >Caniformia
+                                        <span
+                                          style="
+                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                            font-style: normal;
+                                          "
+                                          >("dog-like" carnivorans)</span
+                                        ></a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            id="Canidae_(dogs)"
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Canidae"
+                                                title="Canidae"
+                                                >Canidae</a
+                                              >
+                                              <small
+                                                ><span
+                                                  style="
+                                                    color: #696969;
+                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                  "
+                                                  >(dogs)</span
+                                                ></small
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 4.63em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Urocyon"
+                                                        title="Urocyon"
+                                                        >Urocyon</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Gray_fox"
+                                                            title="Gray fox"
+                                                            >Gray fox (<i
+                                                              >U.
+                                                              cinereoargenteus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Island_fox"
+                                                            title="Island fox"
+                                                            >Island fox (<i
+                                                              >U. littoralis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 4.63em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Vulpini"
+                                                      title="Vulpini"
+                                                      >Vulpini</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox"
+                                                                    title="Bat-eared fox"
+                                                                    >Bat-eared
+                                                                    fox (<i
+                                                                      >Otocyon
+                                                                      megalotis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Nyctereutes"
+                                                                title="Nyctereutes"
+                                                                >Nyctereutes</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog"
+                                                                    title="Common raccoon dog"
+                                                                    >Common
+                                                                    raccoon dog
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      procyonoides</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog"
+                                                                    title="Japanese raccoon dog"
+                                                                    >Japanese
+                                                                    raccoon dog
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      viverrinus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Vulpes"
+                                                                title="Vulpes"
+                                                                >Vulpes</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                  font-style: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                >(<a
+                                                                  href="/wiki/Fox"
+                                                                  title="Fox"
+                                                                  >foxes</a
+                                                                >)</span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Bengal_fox"
+                                                                    title="Bengal fox"
+                                                                    >Bengal fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      bengalensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox"
+                                                                    title="Blanford&#39;s fox"
+                                                                    >Blanford's
+                                                                    fox (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      cana</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Cape_fox"
+                                                                    title="Cape fox"
+                                                                    >Cape fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      chama</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Corsac_fox"
+                                                                    title="Corsac fox"
+                                                                    >Corsac fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      corsac</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox"
+                                                                    title="Tibetan fox"
+                                                                    >Tibetan fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      ferrilata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Arctic_fox"
+                                                                    title="Arctic fox"
+                                                                    >Arctic fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      lagopus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Kit_fox"
+                                                                    title="Kit fox"
+                                                                    >Kit fox (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      macrotis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Pale_fox"
+                                                                    title="Pale fox"
+                                                                    >Pale fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      pallida</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox"
+                                                                    title="Rüppell&#39;s fox"
+                                                                    >Rüppell's
+                                                                    fox (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      rueppelli</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Swift_fox"
+                                                                    title="Swift fox"
+                                                                    >Swift fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      velox</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Red_fox"
+                                                                    title="Red fox"
+                                                                    >Red fox (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      vulpes</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Fennec_fox"
+                                                                    title="Fennec fox"
+                                                                    >Fennec fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      zerda</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 4.63em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)"
+                                                      title="Canini (tribe)"
+                                                      >Canini</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(true dogs)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina"
+                                                              title="Cerdocyonina"
+                                                              >Cerdocyonina</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                >(zorro)</span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Maned_wolf"
+                                                                            title="Maned wolf"
+                                                                            >Maned
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Chrysocyon
+                                                                              brachyurus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Speothos"
+                                                                        title="Speothos"
+                                                                        >Speothos</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Bush_dog"
+                                                                            title="Bush dog"
+                                                                            >Bush
+                                                                            dog
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >S.
+                                                                              venaticus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog"
+                                                                            title="Short-eared dog"
+                                                                            >Short-eared
+                                                                            dog
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Atelocynus
+                                                                              microtis</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox"
+                                                                            title="Crab-eating fox"
+                                                                            >Crab-eating
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Cerdocyon
+                                                                              thous</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/South_American_fox"
+                                                                        title="South American fox"
+                                                                        >Lycalopex</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Culpeo"
+                                                                            title="Culpeo"
+                                                                            >Culpeo
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              culpaeus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox"
+                                                                            title="Darwin&#39;s fox"
+                                                                            >Darwin's
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              fulvipes</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox"
+                                                                            title="South American gray fox"
+                                                                            >South
+                                                                            American
+                                                                            gray
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              griseus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Pampas_fox"
+                                                                            title="Pampas fox"
+                                                                            >Pampas
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              gymnocercus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox"
+                                                                            title="Sechuran fox"
+                                                                            >Sechuran
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              sechurae</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Hoary_fox"
+                                                                            title="Hoary fox"
+                                                                            >Hoary
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              vetulus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)"
+                                                              title="Canina (subtribe)"
+                                                              >Canina</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                >(wolf-like
+                                                                canids)</span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    id="Lupulella"
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Lupulella"
+                                                                        title="Lupulella"
+                                                                        >Lupulella</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal"
+                                                                            title="Side-striped jackal"
+                                                                            >Side-striped
+                                                                            jackal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              adustus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal"
+                                                                            title="Black-backed jackal"
+                                                                            >Black-backed
+                                                                            jackal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              mesomelas</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/African_wild_dog"
+                                                                            title="African wild dog"
+                                                                            >African
+                                                                            wild
+                                                                            dog
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Lycaon
+                                                                              pictus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Dhole"
+                                                                            title="Dhole"
+                                                                            >Dhole
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Cuon
+                                                                              alpinus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Canis"
+                                                                        title="Canis"
+                                                                        >Canis</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Golden_jackal"
+                                                                            title="Golden jackal"
+                                                                            >Golden
+                                                                            jackal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              aureus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Dog"
+                                                                            title="Dog"
+                                                                            >Domestic
+                                                                            dog
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              familiaris</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Coyote"
+                                                                            title="Coyote"
+                                                                            >Coyote
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              latrans</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/African_wolf"
+                                                                            title="African wolf"
+                                                                            >African
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              lupaster</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Wolf"
+                                                                            title="Wolf"
+                                                                            >Wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              lupus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf"
+                                                                            title="Eastern wolf"
+                                                                            >Eastern
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              lycaon</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Red_wolf"
+                                                                            title="Red wolf"
+                                                                            >Red
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              rufus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf"
+                                                                            title="Ethiopian wolf"
+                                                                            >Ethiopian
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              simensis</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Arctoidea"
+                                                title="Arctoidea"
+                                                >Arctoidea</a
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Bear"
+                                                      title="Bear"
+                                                      >Ursidae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(bears)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Ailuropoda"
+                                                                title="Ailuropoda"
+                                                                >Ailuropoda</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Giant_panda"
+                                                                    title="Giant panda"
+                                                                    >Giant panda
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      melanoleuca</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Tremarctos"
+                                                                title="Tremarctos"
+                                                                >Tremarctos</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear"
+                                                                    title="Spectacled bear"
+                                                                    >Spectacled
+                                                                    bear (<i
+                                                                      >T.
+                                                                      ornatus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Ursinae"
+                                                              title="Ursinae"
+                                                              >Ursinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Sloth_bear"
+                                                                            title="Sloth bear"
+                                                                            >Sloth
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Melursus
+                                                                              ursinus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Sun_bear"
+                                                                            title="Sun bear"
+                                                                            >Sun
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Helarctos
+                                                                              malayanus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)"
+                                                                        title="Ursus (mammal)"
+                                                                        >Ursus</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/American_black_bear"
+                                                                            title="American black bear"
+                                                                            >American
+                                                                            black
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              americanus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear"
+                                                                            title="Asian black bear"
+                                                                            >Asian
+                                                                            black
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              thibetanus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Brown_bear"
+                                                                            title="Brown bear"
+                                                                            >Brown
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              arctos</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Polar_bear"
+                                                                            title="Polar bear"
+                                                                            >Polar
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              maritimus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Arctoidea"
+                                                      title="Arctoidea"
+                                                      >Mustelida</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Pinniped"
+                                                              title="Pinniped"
+                                                              >Pinnipedia</a
+                                                            >
+                                                            <small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(seals)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <ul>
+                                                                    <li>
+                                                                      see below↓
+                                                                    </li>
+                                                                  </ul>
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Musteloidea"
+                                                              title="Musteloidea"
+                                                              >Musteloidea</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <ul>
+                                                                    <li>
+                                                                      see below↓
+                                                                    </li>
+                                                                  </ul>
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Pinnipedia_(seals)"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped"
+                                        >Pinnipedia
+                                        <span
+                                          style="
+                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                            font-style: normal;
+                                          "
+                                          >(seals)</span
+                                        ></a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1em; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Odobenidae"
+                                              title="Odobenidae"
+                                              >Odobenidae</a
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Walrus"
+                                                    title="Walrus"
+                                                    >Walrus (<i
+                                                      >Odobenus rosmarus</i
+                                                    >)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1em; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <br /><a
+                                              href="/wiki/Eared_seal"
+                                              title="Eared seal"
+                                              >Otariidae</a
+                                            ><br /><small
+                                              ><span style="color: #696969"
+                                                ><span
+                                                  style="
+                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                  "
+                                                  >(eared seals:<br /><a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Fur_seal"
+                                                    title="Fur seal"
+                                                    >fur seals</a
+                                                  >,<br /><a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Sea_lion"
+                                                    title="Sea lion"
+                                                    >sea lions</a
+                                                  >)</span
+                                                ></span
+                                              ></small
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Callorhinus"
+                                                        title="Callorhinus"
+                                                        >Callorhinus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Northern fur seal"
+                                                            >Northern fur seal
+                                                            (<i>C. ursinus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Otariinae"
+                                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                                      title="Otariinae"
+                                                      >Otariinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion"
+                                                                    title="Steller sea lion"
+                                                                    >Steller sea
+                                                                    lion (<i
+                                                                      >Eumetopias
+                                                                      jubatus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Zalophus"
+                                                                title="Zalophus"
+                                                                >Zalophus</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/California_sea_lion"
+                                                                    title="California sea lion"
+                                                                    >California
+                                                                    sea lion (<i
+                                                                      >Z.
+                                                                      californianus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion"
+                                                                    title="Galápagos sea lion"
+                                                                    >Galápagos
+                                                                    sea lion (<i
+                                                                      >Z.
+                                                                      wollebaeki</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion"
+                                                            title="South American sea lion"
+                                                            >South American sea
+                                                            lion (<i
+                                                              >Otaria
+                                                              flavescens</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Neophoca"
+                                                        title="Neophoca"
+                                                        >Neophoca</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion"
+                                                            title="Australian sea lion"
+                                                            >Australian sea lion
+                                                            (<i>N. cinerea</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion"
+                                                            title="New Zealand sea lion"
+                                                            >New Zealand sea
+                                                            lion (<i
+                                                              >Phocarctos
+                                                              hookeri</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Arctocephalus"
+                                                        title="Arctocephalus"
+                                                        >Arctocephalus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="South American fur seal"
+                                                            >South American fur
+                                                            seal (<i
+                                                              >A. australis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri"
+                                                            title="Arctocephalus forsteri"
+                                                            >Australasian fur
+                                                            seal (<i
+                                                              >A. forsteri</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Galápagos fur seal"
+                                                            >Galápagos fur seal
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >A.
+                                                              galapagoensis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Antarctic fur seal"
+                                                            >Antarctic fur seal
+                                                            (<i>A. gazella</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Juan Fernández fur seal"
+                                                            >Juan Fernández fur
+                                                            seal (<i
+                                                              >A. philippii</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Brown fur seal"
+                                                            >Brown fur seal (<i
+                                                              >A. pusillus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Guadalupe fur seal"
+                                                            >Guadalupe fur seal
+                                                            (<i>A. townsendi</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Subantarctic fur seal"
+                                                            >Subantarctic fur
+                                                            seal (<i
+                                                              >A. tropicalis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1em; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Earless_seal"
+                                              title="Earless seal"
+                                              >Phocidae</a
+                                            ><br /><small
+                                              ><span style="color: #696969"
+                                                ><span
+                                                  style="
+                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                  "
+                                                  >(earless seals<br />or true
+                                                  seals)</span
+                                                ></span
+                                              ></small
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Phocinae"
+                                                      title="Phocinae"
+                                                      >Phocinae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >("northern
+                                                          seals")</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Bearded_seal"
+                                                                    title="Bearded seal"
+                                                                    >Bearded
+                                                                    seal (<i
+                                                                      >Erignathus
+                                                                      barbatus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Hooded_seal"
+                                                                    title="Hooded seal"
+                                                                    >Hooded seal
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Cystophora
+                                                                      cristata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Phocini"
+                                                              class="mw-redirect"
+                                                              title="Phocini"
+                                                              >Phocini</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Harp_seal"
+                                                                            title="Harp seal"
+                                                                            >Harp
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Pagophilus
+                                                                              groenlandicus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal"
+                                                                            title="Ribbon seal"
+                                                                            >Ribbon
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Histriophoca
+                                                                              fasciata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Grey_seal"
+                                                                            title="Grey seal"
+                                                                            >Grey
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Halichoerus
+                                                                              grypus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Phoca"
+                                                                        title="Phoca"
+                                                                        >Phoca</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Spotted_seal"
+                                                                            title="Spotted seal"
+                                                                            >Spotted
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              largha</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Harbor_seal"
+                                                                            title="Harbor seal"
+                                                                            >Harbor
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              vitulina</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Pusa"
+                                                                        title="Pusa"
+                                                                        >Pusa</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Caspian_seal"
+                                                                            title="Caspian seal"
+                                                                            >Caspian
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              caspica</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ringed_seal"
+                                                                            title="Ringed seal"
+                                                                            >Ringed
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              hispida</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Baikal_seal"
+                                                                            title="Baikal seal"
+                                                                            >Baikal
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              sibirica</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Monachinae"
+                                                      title="Monachinae"
+                                                      >Monachinae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >("southern
+                                                          seals")</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            id="Monachini(monk_seals)"
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Monk_seal"
+                                                              title="Monk seal"
+                                                              >Monachini</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(monk
+                                                                  seals)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal"
+                                                                            title="Mediterranean monk seal"
+                                                                            >Mediterranean
+                                                                            monk
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Monachus
+                                                                              monachus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Neomonachus"
+                                                                        title="Neomonachus"
+                                                                        >Neomonachus</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal"
+                                                                            title="Hawaiian monk seal"
+                                                                            >Hawaiian
+                                                                            monk
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >N.
+                                                                              schauinslandi</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Elephant_seal"
+                                                                title="Elephant seal"
+                                                                >Mirounga</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(elephant
+                                                                  seals)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal"
+                                                                    title="Northern elephant seal"
+                                                                    >Northern
+                                                                    elephant
+                                                                    seal (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      angustirostris</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal"
+                                                                    title="Southern elephant seal"
+                                                                    >Southern
+                                                                    elephant
+                                                                    seal (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      leonina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Lobodontini"
+                                                              title="Lobodontini"
+                                                              >Lobodontini</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(Antarctic
+                                                                  seals)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Leopard_seal"
+                                                                            title="Leopard seal"
+                                                                            >Leopard
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Hydrurga
+                                                                              leptonyx</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Weddell_seal"
+                                                                            title="Weddell seal"
+                                                                            >Weddell
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Leptonychotes
+                                                                              weddellii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal"
+                                                                            title="Crabeater seal"
+                                                                            >Crabeater
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Lobodon
+                                                                              carcinophagus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ross_seal"
+                                                                            title="Ross seal"
+                                                                            >Ross
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Ommatophoca
+                                                                              rossi</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Musteloidea"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Musteloidea"
+                                        title="Musteloidea"
+                                        >Musteloidea</a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Ailuridae"
+                                              title="Ailuridae"
+                                              >Ailuridae</a
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Red_panda"
+                                                    title="Red panda"
+                                                    >Red panda (<i
+                                                      >Ailurus fulgens</i
+                                                    >)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Mephitidae"
+                                              title="Mephitidae"
+                                              >Mephitidae</a
+                                            ><br /><small
+                                              ><span style="color: #696969"
+                                                ><span
+                                                  style="
+                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                  "
+                                                  >(<a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Skunk"
+                                                    title="Skunk"
+                                                    >skunks</a
+                                                  >)</span
+                                                ></span
+                                              ></small
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                        title="Hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                        >Conepatus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(hog-nosed
+                                                          skunks)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                            title="Molina&#39;s hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                            >Molina's hog-nosed
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >C. chinga</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                            title="Humboldt&#39;s hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                            >Humboldt's
+                                                            hog-nosed skunk (<i
+                                                              >C. humboldtii</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                            title="American hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                            >American hog-nosed
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >C. leuconotus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                            title="Striped hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                            >Striped hog-nosed
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >C.
+                                                              semistriatus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)"
+                                                        title="Mephitis (genus)"
+                                                        >Mephitis</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk"
+                                                            title="Hooded skunk"
+                                                            >Hooded skunk (<i
+                                                              >M. macroura</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Striped_skunk"
+                                                            title="Striped skunk"
+                                                            >Striped skunk (<i
+                                                              >M. mephitis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Stink_badger"
+                                                        title="Stink badger"
+                                                        >Mydaus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(stink badgers)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger"
+                                                            title="Sunda stink badger"
+                                                            >Sunda stink badger
+                                                            (<i>M. javanensis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger"
+                                                            title="Palawan stink badger"
+                                                            >Palawan stink
+                                                            badger (<i
+                                                              >M. marchei</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk"
+                                                        title="Spotted skunk"
+                                                        >Spilogale</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(spotted
+                                                          skunks)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk"
+                                                            title="Southern spotted skunk"
+                                                            >Southern spotted
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >S.
+                                                              angustifrons</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk"
+                                                            title="Western spotted skunk"
+                                                            >Western spotted
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >S. gracilis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk"
+                                                            title="Eastern spotted skunk"
+                                                            >Eastern spotted
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >S. putorius</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk"
+                                                            title="Pygmy spotted skunk"
+                                                            >Pygmy spotted skunk
+                                                            (<i>S. pygmaea</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Procyonidae"
+                                              title="Procyonidae"
+                                              >Procyonidae</a
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Kinkajou"
+                                                            title="Kinkajou"
+                                                            >Kinkajou (<i
+                                                              >Potos flavus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Bassariscus"
+                                                        title="Bassariscus"
+                                                        >Bassariscus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Ringtail"
+                                                            title="Ringtail"
+                                                            >Ringtail (<i
+                                                              >B. astutus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Cacomistle"
+                                                            title="Cacomistle"
+                                                            >Cacomistle (<i
+                                                              >B. sumichrasti</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)"
+                                                        title="Procyon (genus)"
+                                                        >Procyon</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(raccoons)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon"
+                                                            title="Crab-eating raccoon"
+                                                            >Crab-eating raccoon
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >P. cancrivorus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Raccoon"
+                                                            title="Raccoon"
+                                                            >Raccoon (<i
+                                                              >P. lotor</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon"
+                                                            title="Cozumel raccoon"
+                                                            >Cozumel raccoon (<i
+                                                              >P. pygmaeus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Bassaricyon"
+                                                        title="Bassaricyon"
+                                                        >Bassaricyon</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(olingos)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo"
+                                                            title="Eastern lowland olingo"
+                                                            >Eastern lowland
+                                                            olingo (<i
+                                                              >B. alleni</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Northern_olingo"
+                                                            title="Northern olingo"
+                                                            >Northern olingo (<i
+                                                              >B. gabbii</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo"
+                                                            title="Western lowland olingo"
+                                                            >Western lowland
+                                                            olingo (<i
+                                                              >B. medius</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Olinguito"
+                                                            title="Olinguito"
+                                                            >Olinguito (<i
+                                                              >B. neblina</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Coati"
+                                                      title="Coati"
+                                                      >Nasuina</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(coatis)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Nasua"
+                                                                title="Nasua"
+                                                                >Nasua</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/South_American_coati"
+                                                                    title="South American coati"
+                                                                    >South
+                                                                    American
+                                                                    coati (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      nasua</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati"
+                                                                    title="White-nosed coati"
+                                                                    >White-nosed
+                                                                    coati (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      narica</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Nasuella"
+                                                                title="Nasuella"
+                                                                >Nasuella</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis"
+                                                                    title="Nasuella meridensis"
+                                                                    >Eastern
+                                                                    mountain
+                                                                    coati (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      meridensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea"
+                                                                    title="Nasuella olivacea"
+                                                                    >Western
+                                                                    mountain
+                                                                    coati (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      olivacea</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Mustelidae"
+                                              title="Mustelidae"
+                                              >Mustelidae</a
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <ul>
+                                                    <li>see below↓</li>
+                                                  </ul>
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Mustelidae"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Mustelidae"
+                                        title="Mustelidae"
+                                        >Mustelidae</a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            id="Mustelidae"
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Mustelidae"
+                                                title="Mustelidae"
+                                                >Mustelidae</a
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/American_badger"
+                                                            title="American badger"
+                                                            >American badger (<i
+                                                              >Taxidea taxus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Mellivora"
+                                                        title="Mellivora"
+                                                        >Mellivora</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Honey_badger"
+                                                            title="Honey badger"
+                                                            >Honey badger (<i
+                                                              >M. capensis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Badger"
+                                                      title="Badger"
+                                                      >Melinae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(Eurasian
+                                                          badgers)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Hog_badger"
+                                                                title="Hog badger"
+                                                                >Arctonyx</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger"
+                                                                    title="Northern hog badger"
+                                                                    >Northern
+                                                                    hog badger
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      albogularis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger"
+                                                                    title="Greater hog badger"
+                                                                    >Greater hog
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      collaris</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger"
+                                                                    title="Sumatran hog badger"
+                                                                    >Sumatran
+                                                                    hog badger
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      hoevenii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)"
+                                                                title="Meles (genus)"
+                                                                >Meles</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Japanese_badger"
+                                                                    title="Japanese badger"
+                                                                    >Japanese
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      anakuma</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger"
+                                                                    title="Caucasian badger"
+                                                                    >Caucasian
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      canescens</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Asian_badger"
+                                                                    title="Asian badger"
+                                                                    >Asian
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      leucurus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/European_badger"
+                                                                    title="European badger"
+                                                                    >European
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      meles</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Ferret-badger"
+                                                        title="Ferret-badger"
+                                                        >Melogale</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(ferret-badgers)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Vietnam ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Vietnam
+                                                            ferret-badger (<i
+                                                              >M.
+                                                              cucphuongensis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger"
+                                                            title="Bornean ferret badger"
+                                                            >Bornean ferret
+                                                            badger (<i
+                                                              >M. everetti</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Chinese ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Chinese
+                                                            ferret-badger (<i
+                                                              >M. moschata</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Javan ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Javan ferret-badger
+                                                            (<i>M. orientalis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Burmese ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Burmese
+                                                            ferret-badger (<i
+                                                              >M. personata</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Formosan ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Formosan
+                                                            ferret-badger (<i
+                                                              >M.
+                                                              subaurantiaca</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Guloninae"
+                                                      title="Guloninae"
+                                                      >Guloninae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Tayra"
+                                                                    title="Tayra"
+                                                                    >Tayra (<i
+                                                                      >Eira
+                                                                      barbara</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Pekania"
+                                                                title="Pekania"
+                                                                >Pekania</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)"
+                                                                    title="Fisher (animal)"
+                                                                    >Fisher (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      pennanti</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Gulo"
+                                                                title="Gulo"
+                                                                >Gulo</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Wolverine"
+                                                                    title="Wolverine"
+                                                                    >Wolverine
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >G.
+                                                                      gulo</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Marten"
+                                                                title="Marten"
+                                                                >Martes</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(martens)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/American_marten"
+                                                                    title="American marten"
+                                                                    >American
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      americana</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Pacific_marten"
+                                                                    title="Pacific marten"
+                                                                    >Pacific
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      caurina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten"
+                                                                    title="Yellow-throated marten"
+                                                                    >Yellow-throated
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      flavigula</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Beech_marten"
+                                                                    title="Beech marten"
+                                                                    >Beech
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      foina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten"
+                                                                    title="Nilgiri marten"
+                                                                    >Nilgiri
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      gwatkinsii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/European_pine_marten"
+                                                                    title="European pine marten"
+                                                                    >European
+                                                                    pine marten
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      martes</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Japanese_marten"
+                                                                    title="Japanese marten"
+                                                                    >Japanese
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      melampus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Sable"
+                                                                    title="Sable"
+                                                                    >Sable (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      zibellina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Ictonychinae"
+                                                      title="Ictonychinae"
+                                                      >Ictonychinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                                              class="new"
+                                                              title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)"
+                                                              >Lyncodontini</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel"
+                                                                            title="Patagonian weasel"
+                                                                            >Patagonian
+                                                                            weasel
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Lyncodon
+                                                                              patagonicus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Galictis"
+                                                                        title="Galictis"
+                                                                        >Galictis</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                                      ><span
+                                                                        style="
+                                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                                        "
+                                                                        ><span
+                                                                          style="
+                                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                                          "
+                                                                          >(grisons)</span
+                                                                        ></span
+                                                                      ></small
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Lesser_grison"
+                                                                            title="Lesser grison"
+                                                                            >Lesser
+                                                                            grison
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >G.
+                                                                              cuja</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Greater_grison"
+                                                                            title="Greater grison"
+                                                                            >Greater
+                                                                            grison
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >G.
+                                                                              vittata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                                              class="new"
+                                                              title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)"
+                                                              >Ictonychini</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(African
+                                                                  polecats)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    id="Vormela"
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat"
+                                                                        title="Marbled polecat"
+                                                                        >Vormela</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat"
+                                                                            title="Marbled polecat"
+                                                                            >Marbled
+                                                                            polecat
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >V.
+                                                                              peregusna</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel"
+                                                                            title="African striped weasel"
+                                                                            >African
+                                                                            striped
+                                                                            weasel
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Poecilogale
+                                                                              albinucha</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Ictonyx"
+                                                                        title="Ictonyx"
+                                                                        >Ictonyx</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat"
+                                                                            title="Saharan striped polecat"
+                                                                            >Saharan
+                                                                            striped
+                                                                            polecat
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >I.
+                                                                              libycus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Striped_polecat"
+                                                                            title="Striped polecat"
+                                                                            >Striped
+                                                                            polecat
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >I.
+                                                                              striatus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Otter"
+                                                      title="Otter"
+                                                      >Lutrinae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(otters)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Giant_otter"
+                                                                    title="Giant otter"
+                                                                    >Giant otter
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Pteronura
+                                                                      brasiliensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Lontra"
+                                                                title="Lontra"
+                                                                >Lontra</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter"
+                                                                    title="North American river otter"
+                                                                    >North
+                                                                    American
+                                                                    river otter
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      canadensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Marine_otter"
+                                                                    title="Marine otter"
+                                                                    >Marine
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      felina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter"
+                                                                    title="Neotropical otter"
+                                                                    >Neotropical
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      longicaudis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter"
+                                                                    title="Southern river otter"
+                                                                    >Southern
+                                                                    river otter
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      provocax</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Enhydra"
+                                                                title="Enhydra"
+                                                                >Enhydra</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Sea_otter"
+                                                                    title="Sea otter"
+                                                                    >Sea otter
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >E.
+                                                                      lutris</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter"
+                                                                    title="Spotted-necked otter"
+                                                                    >Spotted-necked
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >Hydrictis
+                                                                      maculicollis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Lutra"
+                                                                title="Lutra"
+                                                                >Lutra</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter"
+                                                                    title="Eurasian otter"
+                                                                    >Eurasian
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      lutra</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter"
+                                                                    title="Hairy-nosed otter"
+                                                                    >Hairy-nosed
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      sumatrana</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Lutrogale"
+                                                                title="Lutrogale"
+                                                                >Lutrogale</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter"
+                                                                    title="Smooth-coated otter"
+                                                                    >Smooth-coated
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      perspicillata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Aonyx"
+                                                                title="Aonyx"
+                                                                >Aonyx</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter"
+                                                                    title="African clawless otter"
+                                                                    >African
+                                                                    clawless
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      capensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter"
+                                                                    title="Asian small-clawed otter"
+                                                                    >Asian
+                                                                    small-clawed
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      cinereus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter"
+                                                                    title="Congo clawless otter"
+                                                                    >Congo
+                                                                    clawless
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      congicus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Mustelinae"
+                                                      title="Mustelinae"
+                                                      >Mustelinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Neogale"
+                                                                title="Neogale"
+                                                                >Neogale</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Amazon weasel"
+                                                                    >Amazon
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      africana</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Colombian weasel"
+                                                                    >Colombian
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      felipei</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Long-tailed weasel"
+                                                                    >Long-tailed
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      frenata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/American_mink"
+                                                                    title="American mink"
+                                                                    >American
+                                                                    mink (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      vison</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Weasel"
+                                                                title="Weasel"
+                                                                >Mustela</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(weasels)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis"
+                                                                    title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis"
+                                                                    >Sichuan
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      aistoodonnivalis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Mountain weasel"
+                                                                    >Mountain
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      altaica</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Stoat"
+                                                                    title="Stoat"
+                                                                    >Stoat/Beringian
+                                                                    ermine (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      erminea</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat"
+                                                                    title="Steppe polecat"
+                                                                    >Steppe
+                                                                    polecat (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      eversmannii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Ferret"
+                                                                    title="Ferret"
+                                                                    >Ferret (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      furo</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Haida_ermine"
+                                                                    title="Haida ermine"
+                                                                    >Haida
+                                                                    ermine (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      haidarum</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Japanese weasel"
+                                                                    >Japanese
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      itatsi</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Yellow-bellied weasel"
+                                                                    >Yellow-bellied
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      kathiah</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/European_mink"
+                                                                    title="European mink"
+                                                                    >European
+                                                                    mink (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      lutreola</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Indonesian mountain weasel"
+                                                                    >Indonesian
+                                                                    mountain
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      lutreolina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret"
+                                                                    title="Black-footed ferret"
+                                                                    >Black-footed
+                                                                    ferret (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      nigripes</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Least_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Least weasel"
+                                                                    >Least
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      nivalis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Malayan weasel"
+                                                                    >Malayan
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      nudipes</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/European_polecat"
+                                                                    title="European polecat"
+                                                                    >European
+                                                                    polecat (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      putorius</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/American_ermine"
+                                                                    title="American ermine"
+                                                                    >American
+                                                                    ermine (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      richardsonii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Siberian weasel"
+                                                                    >Siberian
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      sibirica</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Back-striped weasel"
+                                                                    >Back-striped
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      strigidorsa</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="navbox-styles">
+                    <link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <div
+                    role="navigation"
+                    class="navbox"
+                    aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers"
+                    style="padding: 3px"
+                  >
+                    <table
+                      class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner"
+                      style="
+                        border-spacing: 0;
+                        background: transparent;
+                        color: inherit;
+                      "
+                    >
+                      <tbody>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">
+                            <div
+                              id="Taxon_identifiers"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers"
+                                title="Help:Taxon identifiers"
+                                >Taxon identifiers</a
+                              >
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%; text-align: left"
+                          >
+                            <i>Crossarchus ansorgei</i>
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"
+                                      >Wikidata</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><span class="external"
+                                        ><a
+                                          href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541756"
+                                          class="extiw"
+                                          title="wikidata:Q541756"
+                                          >Q541756</a
+                                        ></span
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Wikispecies"
+                                      title="Wikispecies"
+                                      >Wikispecies</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><span class="external"
+                                        ><a
+                                          href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Crossarchus_ansorgei"
+                                          class="extiw"
+                                          title="wikispecies:Crossarchus ansorgei"
+                                          >Crossarchus ansorgei</a
+                                        ></span
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web"
+                                      title="Animal Diversity Web"
+                                      >ADW</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Crossarchus_ansorgei/"
+                                        >Crossarchus_ansorgei</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life"
+                                      title="Catalogue of Life"
+                                      >CoL</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/ZLMN"
+                                        >ZLMN</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life"
+                                      title="Encyclopedia of Life"
+                                      >EoL</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://eol.org/pages/1038690"
+                                        >1038690</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility"
+                                      title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility"
+                                      >GBIF</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5219139"
+                                        >5219139</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/INaturalist"
+                                      title="INaturalist"
+                                      >iNaturalist</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41914"
+                                        >41914</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera"
+                                      title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera"
+                                      >IRMNG</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=10860078"
+                                        >10860078</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System"
+                                      title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System"
+                                      >ITIS</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=621885"
+                                        >621885</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List"
+                                      title="IUCN Red List"
+                                      >IUCN</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/41594"
+                                        >41594</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database"
+                                      title="American Society of Mammalogists"
+                                      >MDD</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006061"
+                                        >1006061</a
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+                                </li>
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+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World"
+                                      title="Mammal Species of the World"
+                                      >MSW</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&amp;id=14000502"
+                                        >14000502</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information"
+                                      title="National Center for Biotechnology Information"
+                                      >NCBI</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=1433718"
+                                        >1433718</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life"
+                                      title="Open Tree of Life"
+                                      >Open Tree of Life</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=3613280"
+                                        >3613280</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database"
+                                      title="Paleobiology Database"
+                                      >Paleobiology Database</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=471382"
+                                        >471382</a
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+                    href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angolan_kusimanse&amp;oldid=1111588955"
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+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_least_concern_species"
+                        title="Category:IUCN Red List least concern species"
+                        >IUCN Red List least concern species</a
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+                        title="Category:Mammals of Angola"
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+
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                    <li
+                      id="pt-sitesupport-2"
+                      class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        data-mw="interface"
+                        href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"
+                        class=""
+                        ><span>Donate</span></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="pt-createaccount-2"
+                      class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        data-mw="interface"
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Aspartic+acid"
+                        title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"
+                        class=""
+                        ><span>Create account</span></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="pt-login-2"
+                      class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        data-mw="interface"
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Aspartic+acid"
+                        title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]"
+                        accesskey="o"
+                        class=""
+                        ><span>Log in</span></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div
+              id="vector-user-links-dropdown"
+              class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out"
+              title="Log in and more options"
+            >
+              <input
+                type="checkbox"
+                id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox"
+                role="button"
+                aria-haspopup="true"
+                data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown"
+                class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                aria-label="Personal tools"
+              />
+              <label
+                id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label"
+                for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox"
+                class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only"
+                aria-hidden="true"
+                ><span
+                  class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"
+                ></span>
+
+                <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span>
+              </label>
+              <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                <div
+                  id="p-personal"
+                  class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item"
+                  title="User menu"
+                >
+                  <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                    <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                      <li
+                        id="pt-sitesupport"
+                        class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"
+                          ><span>Donate</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        id="pt-createaccount"
+                        class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Aspartic+acid"
+                          title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"
+                          ><span
+                            class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"
+                          ></span>
+                          <span>Create account</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        id="pt-login"
+                        class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Aspartic+acid"
+                          title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]"
+                          accesskey="o"
+                          ><span
+                            class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"
+                          ></span>
+                          <span>Log in</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                <div
+                  id="p-user-menu-anon-editor"
+                  class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor"
+                >
+                  <div class="vector-menu-heading">
+                    Pages for logged out editors
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Help:Introduction"
+                      aria-label="Learn more about editing"
+                      ><span>learn more</span></a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                    <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                      <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions"
+                          title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]"
+                          accesskey="y"
+                          ><span>Contributions</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk"
+                          title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]"
+                          accesskey="n"
+                          ><span>Talk</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </nav>
+        </div>
+      </header>
+    </div>
+    <div class="mw-page-container">
+      <div class="mw-page-container-inner">
+        <div class="vector-sitenotice-container">
+          <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="vector-column-start">
+          <div class="vector-main-menu-container">
+            <div id="mw-navigation">
+              <nav
+                id="mw-panel"
+                class="vector-main-menu-landmark"
+                aria-label="Site"
+              >
+                <div
+                  id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container"
+                  class="vector-pinned-container"
+                ></div>
+              </nav>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container">
+            <nav
+              id="mw-panel-toc"
+              aria-label="Contents"
+              data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc"
+              class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"
+            >
+              <div
+                id="vector-toc-pinned-container"
+                class="vector-pinned-container"
+              >
+                <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element">
+                  <div
+                    class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned"
+                    data-feature-name="toc-pinned"
+                    data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc"
+                  >
+                    <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
+                    <button
+                      class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button"
+                      data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin"
+                    >
+                      move to sidebar
+                    </button>
+                    <button
+                      class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button"
+                      data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin"
+                    >
+                      hide
+                    </button>
+                  </div>
+
+                  <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list">
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-mw-content-text"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
+                      </a>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Discovery"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>
+                          <span>Discovery</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Discovery-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Forms_and_nomenclature"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forms_and_nomenclature">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>
+                          <span>Forms and nomenclature</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Forms_and_nomenclature-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Synthesis"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthesis">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>
+                          <span>Synthesis</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Synthesis-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Synthesis subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul id="toc-Synthesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Biosynthesis"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biosynthesis">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span>
+                              <span>Biosynthesis</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Biosynthesis-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Chemical_synthesis"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_synthesis">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span>
+                              <span>Chemical synthesis</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Chemical_synthesis-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Metabolism"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metabolism">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>
+                          <span>Metabolism</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Metabolism-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Other_biochemical_roles"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        class="vector-toc-link"
+                        href="#Other_biochemical_roles"
+                      >
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>
+                          <span>Other biochemical roles</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Other_biochemical_roles-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Other biochemical roles subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Other_biochemical_roles-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      >
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Interactive_pathway_map"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            class="vector-toc-link"
+                            href="#Interactive_pathway_map"
+                          >
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span>
+                              <span>Interactive pathway map</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Interactive_pathway_map-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Neurotransmitter"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurotransmitter">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span>
+                              <span>Neurotransmitter</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Neurotransmitter-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Applications_&amp;_market"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        class="vector-toc-link"
+                        href="#Applications_&amp;_market"
+                      >
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>
+                          <span>Applications &amp; market</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Applications_&amp;_market-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Applications &amp; market subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Applications_&amp;_market-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      >
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Superabsorbent_polymers"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            class="vector-toc-link"
+                            href="#Superabsorbent_polymers"
+                          >
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span>
+                              <span>Superabsorbent polymers</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Superabsorbent_polymers-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Additional_uses"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_uses">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span>
+                              <span>Additional uses</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Additional_uses-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Sources"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>
+                          <span>Sources</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Dietary_sources"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dietary_sources">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span>
+                              <span>Dietary sources</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Dietary_sources-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-See_also"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>
+                          <span>See also</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-See_also-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-References"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span>
+                          <span>References</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-References-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-External_links"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span>
+                          <span>External links</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-External_links-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </nav>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="mw-content-container">
+          <main id="content" class="mw-body">
+            <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
+              <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark">
+                <div
+                  id="vector-page-titlebar-toc"
+                  class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left"
+                >
+                  <input
+                    type="checkbox"
+                    id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox"
+                    role="button"
+                    aria-haspopup="true"
+                    data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                    aria-label="Toggle the table of contents"
+                  />
+                  <label
+                    id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label"
+                    for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only"
+                    aria-hidden="true"
+                    ><span
+                      class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"
+                    ></span>
+
+                    <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text"
+                      >Toggle the table of contents</span
+                    >
+                  </label>
+                  <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                    <div
+                      id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container"
+                      class="vector-unpinned-container"
+                    ></div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </nav>
+              <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
+                <span class="mw-page-title-main">Aspartic acid</span>
+              </h1>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-lang-btn"
+                class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang"
+              >
+                <input
+                  type="checkbox"
+                  id="p-lang-btn-checkbox"
+                  role="button"
+                  aria-haspopup="true"
+                  data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn"
+                  class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector"
+                  aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages"
+                />
+                <label
+                  id="p-lang-btn-label"
+                  for="p-lang-btn-checkbox"
+                  class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63"
+                  aria-hidden="true"
+                  ><span
+                    class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"
+                  ></span>
+
+                  <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span>
+                </label>
+                <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                  <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                    <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83"
+                          title="حمض الأسبارتيك – Arabic"
+                          lang="ar"
+                          hreflang="ar"
+                          data-title="حمض الأسبارتيك"
+                          data-language-autonym="العربية"
+                          data-language-local-name="Arabic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>العربية</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagin_tur%C5%9Fusu"
+                          title="Asparagin turşusu – Azerbaijani"
+                          lang="az"
+                          hreflang="az"
+                          data-title="Asparagin turşusu"
+                          data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca"
+                          data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9"
+                          title="اسید آسپارتیک – South Azerbaijani"
+                          lang="azb"
+                          hreflang="azb"
+                          data-title="اسید آسپارتیک"
+                          data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه"
+                          data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>تۆرکجه</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1"
+                          title="অ্যাস্পার্টিক অ্যাসিড – Bangla"
+                          lang="bn"
+                          hreflang="bn"
+                          data-title="অ্যাস্পার্টিক অ্যাসিড"
+                          data-language-autonym="বাংলা"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bangla"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>বাংলা</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagin-sng"
+                          title="Asparagin-sng – Minnan"
+                          lang="nan"
+                          hreflang="nan"
+                          data-title="Asparagin-sng"
+                          data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú"
+                          data-language-local-name="Minnan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0"
+                          title="Аспарагінавая кіслата – Belarusian"
+                          lang="be"
+                          hreflang="be"
+                          data-title="Аспарагінавая кіслата"
+                          data-language-autonym="Беларуская"
+                          data-language-local-name="Belarusian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Беларуская</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0"
+                          title="Аспарагинова киселина – Bulgarian"
+                          lang="bg"
+                          hreflang="bg"
+                          data-title="Аспарагинова киселина"
+                          data-language-autonym="Български"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bulgarian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Български</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginska_kiselina"
+                          title="Asparaginska kiselina – Bosnian"
+                          lang="bs"
+                          hreflang="bs"
+                          data-title="Asparaginska kiselina"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bosanski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bosnian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bosanski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cid_asp%C3%A0rtic"
+                          title="Àcid aspàrtic – Catalan"
+                          lang="ca"
+                          hreflang="ca"
+                          data-title="Àcid aspàrtic"
+                          data-language-autonym="Català"
+                          data-language-local-name="Catalan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Català</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_asparagov%C3%A1"
+                          title="Kyselina asparagová – Czech"
+                          lang="cs"
+                          hreflang="cs"
+                          data-title="Kyselina asparagová"
+                          data-language-autonym="Čeština"
+                          data-language-local-name="Czech"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Čeština</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagins%C3%A4ure"
+                          title="Asparaginsäure – German"
+                          lang="de"
+                          hreflang="de"
+                          data-title="Asparaginsäure"
+                          data-language-autonym="Deutsch"
+                          data-language-local-name="German"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Deutsch</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagiinhape"
+                          title="Asparagiinhape – Estonian"
+                          lang="et"
+                          hreflang="et"
+                          data-title="Asparagiinhape"
+                          data-language-autonym="Eesti"
+                          data-language-local-name="Estonian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Eesti</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%8D"
+                          title="Ασπαραγινικό οξύ – Greek"
+                          lang="el"
+                          hreflang="el"
+                          data-title="Ασπαραγινικό οξύ"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά"
+                          data-language-local-name="Greek"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ελληνικά</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_asp%C3%A1rtico"
+                          title="Ácido aspártico – Spanish"
+                          lang="es"
+                          hreflang="es"
+                          data-title="Ácido aspártico"
+                          data-language-autonym="Español"
+                          data-language-local-name="Spanish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Español</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartata_acido"
+                          title="Aspartata acido – Esperanto"
+                          lang="eo"
+                          hreflang="eo"
+                          data-title="Aspartata acido"
+                          data-language-autonym="Esperanto"
+                          data-language-local-name="Esperanto"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Esperanto</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azido_aspartiko"
+                          title="Azido aspartiko – Basque"
+                          lang="eu"
+                          hreflang="eu"
+                          data-title="Azido aspartiko"
+                          data-language-autonym="Euskara"
+                          data-language-local-name="Basque"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Euskara</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9"
+                          title="اسید آسپارتیک – Persian"
+                          lang="fa"
+                          hreflang="fa"
+                          data-title="اسید آسپارتیک"
+                          data-language-autonym="فارسی"
+                          data-language-local-name="Persian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>فارسی</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_aspartique"
+                          title="Acide aspartique – French"
+                          lang="fr"
+                          hreflang="fr"
+                          data-title="Acide aspartique"
+                          data-language-autonym="Français"
+                          data-language-local-name="French"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Français</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aig%C3%A9ad_aspartach"
+                          title="Aigéad aspartach – Irish"
+                          lang="ga"
+                          hreflang="ga"
+                          data-title="Aigéad aspartach"
+                          data-language-autonym="Gaeilge"
+                          data-language-local-name="Irish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Gaeilge</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_asp%C3%A1rtico"
+                          title="Ácido aspártico – Galician"
+                          lang="gl"
+                          hreflang="gl"
+                          data-title="Ácido aspártico"
+                          data-language-autonym="Galego"
+                          data-language-local-name="Galician"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Galego</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8%EC%82%B0"
+                          title="아스파르트산 – Korean"
+                          lang="ko"
+                          hreflang="ko"
+                          data-title="아스파르트산"
+                          data-language-autonym="한국어"
+                          data-language-local-name="Korean"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>한국어</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82"
+                          title="Ասպարագինաթթու – Armenian"
+                          lang="hy"
+                          hreflang="hy"
+                          data-title="Ասպարագինաթթու"
+                          data-language-autonym="Հայերեն"
+                          data-language-local-name="Armenian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Հայերեն</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2"
+                          title="एस्पार्टिक अम्ल – Hindi"
+                          lang="hi"
+                          hreflang="hi"
+                          data-title="एस्पार्टिक अम्ल"
+                          data-language-autonym="हिन्दी"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hindi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>हिन्दी</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginska_kiselina"
+                          title="Asparaginska kiselina – Croatian"
+                          lang="hr"
+                          hreflang="hr"
+                          data-title="Asparaginska kiselina"
+                          data-language-autonym="Hrvatski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Croatian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Hrvatski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_aspartat"
+                          title="Asam aspartat – Indonesian"
+                          lang="id"
+                          hreflang="id"
+                          data-title="Asam aspartat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia"
+                          data-language-local-name="Indonesian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acido_aspartico"
+                          title="Acido aspartico – Italian"
+                          lang="it"
+                          hreflang="it"
+                          data-title="Acido aspartico"
+                          data-language-autonym="Italiano"
+                          data-language-local-name="Italian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Italiano</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA"
+                          title="חומצה אספרטית – Hebrew"
+                          lang="he"
+                          hreflang="he"
+                          data-title="חומצה אספרטית"
+                          data-language-autonym="עברית"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hebrew"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>עברית</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B"
+                          title="Аспарагин қышқылы – Kazakh"
+                          lang="kk"
+                          hreflang="kk"
+                          data-title="Аспарагин қышқылы"
+                          data-language-autonym="Қазақша"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kazakh"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Қазақша</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tir%C5%9Feya_aspart%C3%AE"
+                          title="Tirşeya aspartî – Kurdish"
+                          lang="ku"
+                          hreflang="ku"
+                          data-title="Tirşeya aspartî"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kurdî"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kurdish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kurdî</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B"
+                          title="Аспарагин кислотасы – Kyrgyz"
+                          lang="ky"
+                          hreflang="ky"
+                          data-title="Аспарагин кислотасы"
+                          data-language-autonym="Кыргызча"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Кыргызча</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparag%C4%ABnsk%C4%81be"
+                          title="Asparagīnskābe – Latvian"
+                          lang="lv"
+                          hreflang="lv"
+                          data-title="Asparagīnskābe"
+                          data-language-autonym="Latviešu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Latvian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Latviešu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartat"
+                          title="Aspartat – Luxembourgish"
+                          lang="lb"
+                          hreflang="lb"
+                          data-title="Aspartat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch"
+                          data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparto_r%C5%ABg%C5%A1tis"
+                          title="Asparto rūgštis – Lithuanian"
+                          lang="lt"
+                          hreflang="lt"
+                          data-title="Asparto rūgštis"
+                          data-language-autonym="Lietuvių"
+                          data-language-local-name="Lithuanian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Lietuvių</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aszparaginsav"
+                          title="Aszparaginsav – Hungarian"
+                          lang="hu"
+                          hreflang="hu"
+                          data-title="Aszparaginsav"
+                          data-language-autonym="Magyar"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hungarian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Magyar</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0"
+                          title="Аспарагинска киселина – Macedonian"
+                          lang="mk"
+                          hreflang="mk"
+                          data-title="Аспарагинска киселина"
+                          data-language-autonym="Македонски"
+                          data-language-local-name="Macedonian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Македонски</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_aspartik"
+                          title="Asid aspartik – Malay"
+                          lang="ms"
+                          hreflang="ms"
+                          data-title="Asid aspartik"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Malay"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginezuur"
+                          title="Asparaginezuur – Dutch"
+                          lang="nl"
+                          hreflang="nl"
+                          data-title="Asparaginezuur"
+                          data-language-autonym="Nederlands"
+                          data-language-local-name="Dutch"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Nederlands</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AE%E3%83%B3%E9%85%B8"
+                          title="アスパラギン酸 – Japanese"
+                          lang="ja"
+                          hreflang="ja"
+                          data-title="アスパラギン酸"
+                          data-language-autonym="日本語"
+                          data-language-local-name="Japanese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>日本語</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginsyre"
+                          title="Asparaginsyre – Norwegian Bokmål"
+                          lang="nb"
+                          hreflang="nb"
+                          data-title="Asparaginsyre"
+                          data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål"
+                          data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginsyre"
+                          title="Asparaginsyre – Norwegian Nynorsk"
+                          lang="nn"
+                          hreflang="nn"
+                          data-title="Asparaginsyre"
+                          data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk"
+                          data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_aspartic"
+                          title="Acid aspartic – Occitan"
+                          lang="oc"
+                          hreflang="oc"
+                          data-title="Acid aspartic"
+                          data-language-autonym="Occitan"
+                          data-language-local-name="Occitan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Occitan</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagin_kislota"
+                          title="Asparagin kislota – Uzbek"
+                          lang="uz"
+                          hreflang="uz"
+                          data-title="Asparagin kislota"
+                          data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча"
+                          data-language-local-name="Uzbek"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwas_asparaginowy"
+                          title="Kwas asparaginowy – Polish"
+                          lang="pl"
+                          hreflang="pl"
+                          data-title="Kwas asparaginowy"
+                          data-language-autonym="Polski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Polish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Polski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_asp%C3%A1rtico"
+                          title="Ácido aspártico – Portuguese"
+                          lang="pt"
+                          hreflang="pt"
+                          data-title="Ácido aspártico"
+                          data-language-autonym="Português"
+                          data-language-local-name="Portuguese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Português</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_aspartic"
+                          title="Acid aspartic – Romanian"
+                          lang="ro"
+                          hreflang="ro"
+                          data-title="Acid aspartic"
+                          data-language-autonym="Română"
+                          data-language-local-name="Romanian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Română</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0"
+                          title="Аспарагиновая кислота – Russian"
+                          lang="ru"
+                          hreflang="ru"
+                          data-title="Аспарагиновая кислота"
+                          data-language-autonym="Русский"
+                          data-language-local-name="Russian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Русский</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acid"
+                          title="Aspartic acid – Scots"
+                          lang="sco"
+                          hreflang="sco"
+                          data-title="Aspartic acid"
+                          data-language-autonym="Scots"
+                          data-language-local-name="Scots"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Scots</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acid"
+                          title="Aspartic acid – Simple English"
+                          lang="en-simple"
+                          hreflang="en-simple"
+                          data-title="Aspartic acid"
+                          data-language-autonym="Simple English"
+                          data-language-local-name="Simple English"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Simple English</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_aspar%C3%A1gov%C3%A1"
+                          title="Kyselina asparágová – Slovak"
+                          lang="sk"
+                          hreflang="sk"
+                          data-title="Kyselina asparágová"
+                          data-language-autonym="Slovenčina"
+                          data-language-local-name="Slovak"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Slovenčina</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginska_kislina"
+                          title="Asparaginska kislina – Slovenian"
+                          lang="sl"
+                          hreflang="sl"
+                          data-title="Asparaginska kislina"
+                          data-language-autonym="Slovenščina"
+                          data-language-local-name="Slovenian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Slovenščina</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginska_kiselina"
+                          title="Asparaginska kiselina – Serbian"
+                          lang="sr"
+                          hreflang="sr"
+                          data-title="Asparaginska kiselina"
+                          data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Serbian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Српски / srpski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginska_kiselina"
+                          title="Asparaginska kiselina – Serbo-Croatian"
+                          lang="sh"
+                          hreflang="sh"
+                          data-title="Asparaginska kiselina"
+                          data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски"
+                          data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_aspartat"
+                          title="Asam aspartat – Sundanese"
+                          lang="su"
+                          hreflang="su"
+                          data-title="Asam aspartat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Sunda"
+                          data-language-local-name="Sundanese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Sunda</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagiinihappo"
+                          title="Asparagiinihappo – Finnish"
+                          lang="fi"
+                          hreflang="fi"
+                          data-title="Asparagiinihappo"
+                          data-language-autonym="Suomi"
+                          data-language-local-name="Finnish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Suomi</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparaginsyra"
+                          title="Asparaginsyra – Swedish"
+                          lang="sv"
+                          hreflang="sv"
+                          data-title="Asparaginsyra"
+                          data-language-autonym="Svenska"
+                          data-language-local-name="Swedish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Svenska</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D"
+                          title="அஸ்பார்டிக் அமிலம் – Tamil"
+                          lang="ta"
+                          hreflang="ta"
+                          data-title="அஸ்பார்டிக் அமிலம்"
+                          data-language-autonym="தமிழ்"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tamil"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>தமிழ்</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81"
+                          title="กรดแอสปาร์ติก – Thai"
+                          lang="th"
+                          hreflang="th"
+                          data-title="กรดแอสปาร์ติก"
+                          data-language-autonym="ไทย"
+                          data-language-local-name="Thai"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ไทย</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartik_asit"
+                          title="Aspartik asit – Turkish"
+                          lang="tr"
+                          hreflang="tr"
+                          data-title="Aspartik asit"
+                          data-language-autonym="Türkçe"
+                          data-language-local-name="Turkish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Türkçe</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0"
+                          title="Аспарагінова кислота – Ukrainian"
+                          lang="uk"
+                          hreflang="uk"
+                          data-title="Аспарагінова кислота"
+                          data-language-autonym="Українська"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ukrainian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Українська</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_aspartic"
+                          title="Acid aspartic – Vietnamese"
+                          lang="vi"
+                          hreflang="vi"
+                          data-title="Acid aspartic"
+                          data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt"
+                          data-language-local-name="Vietnamese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8"
+                          title="天冬氨酸 – Wu"
+                          lang="wuu"
+                          hreflang="wuu"
+                          data-title="天冬氨酸"
+                          data-language-autonym="吴语"
+                          data-language-local-name="Wu"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>吴语</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%96%80%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8"
+                          title="天門冬氨酸 – Cantonese"
+                          lang="yue"
+                          hreflang="yue"
+                          data-title="天門冬氨酸"
+                          data-language-autonym="粵語"
+                          data-language-local-name="Cantonese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>粵語</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%97%A8%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8"
+                          title="天门冬氨酸 – Chinese"
+                          lang="zh"
+                          hreflang="zh"
+                          data-title="天门冬氨酸"
+                          data-language-autonym="中文"
+                          data-language-local-name="Chinese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>中文</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                    <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang">
+                      <span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"
+                        ><a
+                          href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178450#sitelinks-wikipedia"
+                          title="Edit interlanguage links"
+                          class="wbc-editpage"
+                          >Edit links</a
+                        ></span
+                      >
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
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+            <div class="vector-page-toolbar">
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+                      class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages"
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+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid"
+                              title="View the content page [c]"
+                              accesskey="c"
+                              ><span>Article</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-talk"
+                            class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
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+                              href="/wiki/Talk:Aspartic_acid"
+                              rel="discussion"
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+                      id="p-views"
+                      class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views"
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+                        <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-view"
+                            class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid"><span>Read</span></a>
+                          </li>
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-edit"
+                            class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
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+                              href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit"
+                              title="Edit this page [e]"
+                              accesskey="e"
+                              ><span>Edit</span></a
+                            >
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+                            id="ca-history"
+                            class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=history"
+                              title="Past revisions of this page [h]"
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+                              class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items"
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+                            >
+                              <div class="vector-menu-heading">Actions</div>
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+                                    id="ca-more-view"
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+                                  >
+                                    <a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid"
+                                      ><span>Read</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li
+                                    id="ca-more-edit"
+                                    class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
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+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit"
+                                      title="Edit this page [e]"
+                                      accesskey="e"
+                                      ><span>Edit</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
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+                                    id="ca-more-history"
+                                    class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
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+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=history"
+                                      ><span>View history</span></a
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+                              class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb"
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+                                <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                                  <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Aspartic_acid"
+                                      title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]"
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+                                      ><span>What links here</span></a
+                                    >
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+                                  <li
+                                    id="t-recentchangeslinked"
+                                    class="mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Aspartic_acid"
+                                      rel="nofollow"
+                                      title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]"
+                                      accesskey="k"
+                                      ><span>Related changes</span></a
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+                                      href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:L-Aspartic_acid"
+                                      hreflang="en"
+                                      ><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a
+                                    >
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+              id="bodyContent"
+              class="vector-body"
+              aria-labelledby="firstHeading"
+              data-mw-ve-target-container
+            >
+              <div class="vector-body-before-content">
+                <div class="mw-indicators"></div>
+
+                <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">
+                  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div>
+
+              <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content">
+                <div
+                  class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output"
+                  lang="en"
+                  dir="ltr"
+                >
+                  <div
+                    class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux"
+                    style="display: none"
+                  >
+                    Amino acid
+                  </div>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">
+                    .mw-parser-output .hatnote {
+                      font-style: italic;
+                    }
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+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    For the artificial sweetener, see
+                    <a href="/wiki/Aspartame" title="Aspartame">aspartame</a>.
+                  </div>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">
+                    .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox {
+                      border-collapse: collapse;
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+                  <table class="infobox ib-chembox">
+                    <caption>
+                      Aspartic acid
+                    </caption>
+                    <tbody>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="text-align: center; padding: 2px"
+                        >
+                          <span typeof="mw:File"
+                            ><a
+                              href="/wiki/File:L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg"
+                              class="mw-file-description"
+                              ><img
+                                src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg/220px-L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg.png"
+                                decoding="async"
+                                width="220"
+                                height="130"
+                                class="mw-file-element"
+                                srcset="
+                                  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg/330px-L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg/440px-L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg.png 2x
+                                "
+                                data-file-width="205"
+                                data-file-height="121" /></a></span
+                          ><br />
+                          <div style="text-align: center">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Skeletal_formula"
+                              title="Skeletal formula"
+                              >Skeletal formula</a
+                            >
+                            of <small>L</small>-aspartic acid
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td
+                          colspan="2"
+                          class="borderless"
+                          style="text-align: center"
+                        >
+                          <table
+                            border="0"
+                            style="width: 100%; display: inline-table"
+                          >
+                            <tbody>
+                              <tr>
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+                                  style="
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+                                  "
+                                >
+                                  <figure
+                                    class="mw-halign-center"
+                                    typeof="mw:File"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/File:Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-bs-17.png"
+                                      class="mw-file-description"
+                                      ><img
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-bs-17.png/110px-Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-bs-17.png"
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+                                        height="109"
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+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-bs-17.png/220px-Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-bs-17.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="2303"
+                                        data-file-height="2280"
+                                    /></a>
+                                    <figcaption></figcaption>
+                                  </figure>
+                                  <div style="text-align: center">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model"
+                                      title="Ball-and-stick model"
+                                      >Ball-and-stick model</a
+                                    >
+                                  </div>
+                                </td>
+                                <td style="width: 50%">
+                                  <figure
+                                    class="mw-halign-center"
+                                    typeof="mw:File"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/File:Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-sf.png"
+                                      class="mw-file-description"
+                                      ><img
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-sf.png/110px-Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-sf.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="110"
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+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-sf.png/165px-Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-sf.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-sf.png/220px-Aspartic-acid-from-xtal-view-2-3D-sf.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="2349"
+                                        data-file-height="2379"
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+                                    <figcaption></figcaption>
+                                  </figure>
+                                  <div style="text-align: center">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Space-filling_model"
+                                      title="Space-filling model"
+                                      >Space-filling model</a
+                                    >
+                                  </div>
+                                </td>
+                              </tr>
+                            </tbody>
+                          </table>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center"
+                        >
+                          Names
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left">
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature"
+                            title="Chemical nomenclature"
+                            >IUPAC name</a
+                          >
+                          <div
+                            style="
+                              max-width: 22em;
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+                              padding-left: 1.7em;
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+                              data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
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+                            <div class="plainlist">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li><i>Trivial:</i> Aspartic acid</li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <i>Systematic:</i> 2-Aminobutanedioic acid
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left">
+                          Other names
+                          <div
+                            style="
+                              max-width: 22em;
+                              word-wrap: break-word;
+                              padding-left: 1.7em;
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+                            <div class="plainlist">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>Aminosuccinic acid</li>
+                                <li>Asparagic acid</li>
+                                <li>
+                                  Asparaginic acid<sup
+                                    id="cite_ref-merck_1-0"
+                                    class="reference"
+                                    ><a href="#cite_note-merck-1"
+                                      ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span
+                                      >1<span class="cite-bracket"
+                                        >&#93;</span
+                                      ></a
+                                    ></sup
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center"
+                        >
+                          Identifiers
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <div
+                            style="
+                              display: inline-block;
+                              line-height: 1.2em;
+                              padding: 0.1em 0;
+                            "
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number"
+                              title="CAS Registry Number"
+                              >CAS Number</a
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
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+                                L:&#x20;<span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=56-84-8"
+                                    >56-84-8</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
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+                                D/L:&#x20;<span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=617-45-8"
+                                    >617-45-8</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
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+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                              <li>
+                                D:&#x20;<span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=1783-96-6"
+                                    >1783-96-6</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
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+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <div
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+                            3D model (<a
+                              href="/wiki/JSmol"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
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+                              >JSmol</a
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+                        <td>
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+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
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+                          <div class="plainlist">
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+                                L:&#x20;<span
+                                  title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"
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+                                  title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"
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+                              <li>
+                                L
+                                <a href="/wiki/Zwitterion" title="Zwitterion"
+                                  >Zwitterion</a
+                                >:&#x20;<span
+                                  title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"
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+                                    >Interactive image</a
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+                                (aspartate):&#x20;<span
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+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>
+                                L:&#x20;<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=17053"
+                                    >CHEBI:17053</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                              <li>
+                                D/L:&#x20;<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=22660"
+                                    >CHEBI:22660</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                              <li>
+                                D:&#x20;<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=17364"
+                                    >CHEBI:17364</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>
+                                L:&#x20;<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL274323"
+                                    >ChEMBL274323</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider"
+                            >ChemSpider</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>
+                                L:&#x20;<span title="www.chemspider.com"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5745.html"
+                                    >5745</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                              <li>
+                                D/L:&#x20;<span title="www.chemspider.com"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.411.html"
+                                    >411</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                              <li>
+                                D:&#x20;<span title="www.chemspider.com"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.75697.html"
+                                    >75697</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>
+                                L:&#x20;<span title="www.drugbank.ca"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00128"
+                                    >DB00128</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard"
+                            class="mw-redirect"
+                            title="ECHA InfoCard"
+                            ><span title="echa.europa.eu"
+                              >ECHA InfoCard</span
+                            ></a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a
+                            rel="nofollow"
+                            class="external text"
+                            href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.265"
+                            >100.000.265</a
+                          >
+                          <span
+                            class="mw-valign-text-top noprint"
+                            typeof="mw:File/Frameless"
+                            ><a
+                              href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178450#P2566"
+                              title="Edit this at Wikidata"
+                              ><img
+                                alt="Edit this at Wikidata"
+                                src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png"
+                                decoding="async"
+                                width="10"
+                                height="10"
+                                class="mw-file-element"
+                                srcset="
+                                  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x
+                                "
+                                data-file-width="20"
+                                data-file-height="20" /></a
+                          ></span>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/European_Community_number"
+                            title="European Community number"
+                            ><span
+                              title="European Community number (chemical identifier)"
+                              >EC Number</span
+                            ></a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>L:&#x20;200-291-6</li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>
+                                D/L:&#x20;<span title="www.kegg.jp"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C16433"
+                                    >C16433</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <div
+                            style="
+                              display: inline-block;
+                              line-height: 1.2em;
+                              padding: 0.1em 0;
+                            "
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
+                            <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>
+                                L:&#x20;<span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5960"
+                                    >5960</a
+                                  ></span
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                              <li>
+                                D/L:&#x20;<span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/424"
+                                    >424</a
+                                  ></span
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                              <li>
+                                D:&#x20;<span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/83887"
+                                    >83887</a
+                                  ></span
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier"
+                            title="Unique Ingredient Identifier"
+                            >UNII</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>
+                                L:&#x20;<span title="precision.fda.gov"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/30KYC7MIAI"
+                                    >30KYC7MIAI</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                              <li>
+                                D/L:&#x20;<span title="precision.fda.gov"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/28XF4669EP"
+                                    >28XF4669EP</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                              <li>
+                                D:&#x20;<span title="precision.fda.gov"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/4SR0Q8YD1X"
+                                    >4SR0Q8YD1X</a
+                                  ></span
+                                ><sup
+                                  >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="check"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="7"
+                                        height="7"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="600"
+                                        data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                  ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <div
+                            style="
+                              display: inline-block;
+                              line-height: 1.2em;
+                              padding: 0.1em 0;
+                            "
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard"
+                              title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard"
+                              >CompTox Dashboard</a
+                            >
+                            <span style="font-weight: normal"
+                              >(<abbr
+                                title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency"
+                                >EPA</abbr
+                              >)</span
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>
+                                L:&#x20;<span title="comptox.epa.gov"
+                                  ><a
+                                    rel="nofollow"
+                                    class="external text"
+                                    href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID7022621"
+                                    >DTXSID7022621</a
+                                  >
+                                  <span
+                                    class="mw-valign-text-top noprint"
+                                    typeof="mw:File/Frameless"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178450#P3117"
+                                      title="Edit this at Wikidata"
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="Edit this at Wikidata"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="10"
+                                        height="10"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="20"
+                                        data-file-height="20" /></a></span
+                                ></span>
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2">
+                          <div
+                            class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
+                            style="text-align: left"
+                          >
+                            <div
+                              style="
+                                line-height: 1.6em;
+                                font-weight: bold;
+                                text-align: left;
+                                font-weight: normal;
+                                background: transparent;
+                              "
+                            >
+                              <div>
+                                <a
+                                  href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier"
+                                  title="International Chemical Identifier"
+                                  >InChI</a
+                                >
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+                            <ul
+                              class="mw-collapsible-content"
+                              style="
+                                margin-top: 0;
+                                margin-bottom: 0;
+                                line-height: inherit;
+                                list-style: none;
+                                margin-left: 0;
+                                word-break: break-all;
+                              "
+                            >
+                              <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
+                                <div
+                                  style="
+                                    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+                                    padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                  "
+                                >
+                                  <div
+                                    style="
+                                      word-wrap: break-word;
+                                      text-indent: -1.5em;
+                                      font-size: 97%;
+                                      line-height: 120%;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    InChI=1S/C4H7NO4/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1<sup
+                                      >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                        ><span
+                                          ><img
+                                            alt="check"
+                                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                            decoding="async"
+                                            width="7"
+                                            height="7"
+                                            class="mw-file-element"
+                                            srcset="
+                                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                            "
+                                            data-file-width="600"
+                                            data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                      ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                    >
+                                  </div>
+                                  <div
+                                    style="
+                                      word-wrap: break-word;
+                                      text-indent: -1.5em;
+                                      font-size: 97%;
+                                      line-height: 120%;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    Key:&#160;CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N<sup
+                                      >&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"
+                                        ><span
+                                          ><img
+                                            alt="check"
+                                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png"
+                                            decoding="async"
+                                            width="7"
+                                            height="7"
+                                            class="mw-file-element"
+                                            srcset="
+                                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x
+                                            "
+                                            data-file-width="600"
+                                            data-file-height="600" /></span></span
+                                      ><span style="display: none">Y</span></sup
+                                    >
+                                  </div>
+                                </div>
+                              </li>
+                              <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
+                                <div
+                                  style="
+                                    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+                                    padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                  "
+                                >
+                                  <div
+                                    style="
+                                      word-wrap: break-word;
+                                      text-indent: -1.5em;
+                                      font-size: 97%;
+                                      line-height: 120%;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    D/L:&#x20;Key:&#160;CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
+                                  </div>
+                                </div>
+                              </li>
+                              <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
+                                <div
+                                  style="
+                                    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+                                    padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                  "
+                                >
+                                  <div
+                                    style="
+                                      word-wrap: break-word;
+                                      text-indent: -1.5em;
+                                      font-size: 97%;
+                                      line-height: 120%;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    D:&#x20;Key:&#160;CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-UWTATZPHSA-N
+                                  </div>
+                                </div>
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2">
+                          <div
+                            class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
+                            style="text-align: left"
+                          >
+                            <div
+                              style="
+                                line-height: 1.6em;
+                                font-weight: bold;
+                                text-align: left;
+                                font-weight: normal;
+                                background: transparent;
+                              "
+                            >
+                              <div>
+                                <a
+                                  href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system"
+                                  class="mw-redirect"
+                                  title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system"
+                                  >SMILES</a
+                                >
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+                            <ul
+                              class="mw-collapsible-content"
+                              style="
+                                margin-top: 0;
+                                margin-bottom: 0;
+                                line-height: inherit;
+                                list-style: none;
+                                margin-left: 0;
+                                word-break: break-all;
+                              "
+                            >
+                              <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
+                                <div
+                                  style="
+                                    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+                                    padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em;
+                                    word-wrap: break-word;
+                                    text-indent: -1.5em;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                    font-size: 97%;
+                                    line-height: 120%;
+                                  "
+                                >
+                                  L:&#x20;C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O
+                                </div>
+                              </li>
+                              <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
+                                <div
+                                  style="
+                                    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+                                    padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em;
+                                    word-wrap: break-word;
+                                    text-indent: -1.5em;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                    font-size: 97%;
+                                    line-height: 120%;
+                                  "
+                                >
+                                  D/L:&#x20;C(C(C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O
+                                </div>
+                              </li>
+                              <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
+                                <div
+                                  style="
+                                    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+                                    padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em;
+                                    word-wrap: break-word;
+                                    text-indent: -1.5em;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                    font-size: 97%;
+                                    line-height: 120%;
+                                  "
+                                >
+                                  D:&#x20;C([C@H](C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O
+                                </div>
+                              </li>
+                              <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
+                                <div
+                                  style="
+                                    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+                                    padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em;
+                                    word-wrap: break-word;
+                                    text-indent: -1.5em;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                    font-size: 97%;
+                                    line-height: 120%;
+                                  "
+                                >
+                                  L
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Zwitterion" title="Zwitterion"
+                                    >Zwitterion</a
+                                  >:&#x20;C(C(C(=O)[O-])[NH3+])C(=O)O
+                                </div>
+                              </li>
+                              <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">
+                                <div
+                                  style="
+                                    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
+                                    padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em;
+                                    word-wrap: break-word;
+                                    text-indent: -1.5em;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                    font-size: 97%;
+                                    line-height: 120%;
+                                  "
+                                >
+                                  L Deprotonated zwitterion
+                                  (aspartate):&#x20;C(C(C(=O)[O-])[NH3+])C(=O)[O-]
+                                </div>
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center"
+                        >
+                          Properties
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <div
+                            style="
+                              display: inline-block;
+                              line-height: 1.2em;
+                              padding: 0.1em 0;
+                            "
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Chemical_formula"
+                              title="Chemical formula"
+                              >Chemical formula</a
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>4</sub
+                          ><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>7</sub
+                          ><span title="Nitrogen">N</span
+                          ><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>4</sub>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass"
+                            >Molar mass</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <span class="nowrap"
+                            ><span data-sort-value="7002133103000000000♠"></span
+                            >133.103</span
+                          >&#160;g·mol<sup>−1</sup> &#x20;
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Appearance</td>
+                        <td>colourless crystals</td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>1.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point"
+                            >Melting point</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                        <td>270&#160;°C (518&#160;°F; 543&#160;K)</td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point"
+                            >Boiling point</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          324&#160;°C (615&#160;°F; 597&#160;K) (decomposes)
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <div
+                            style="
+                              display: inline-block;
+                              line-height: 1.2em;
+                              padding: 0.1em 0;
+                            "
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution"
+                              title="Aqueous solution"
+                              >Solubility in water</a
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          4.5 g/L<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"
+                            ><a href="#cite_note-2"
+                              ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span
+                                class="cite-bracket"
+                                >&#93;</span
+                              ></a
+                            ></sup
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant"
+                            title="Acid dissociation constant"
+                            >Acidity</a
+                          >
+                          (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>)
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                          />
+                          <div class="plainlist">
+                            <ul>
+                              <li>1.99 (α-carboxyl; H<sub>2</sub>O)</li>
+                              <li>3.90 (side chain; H<sub>2</sub>O)</li>
+                              <li>
+                                9.90 (amino; H<sub>2</sub>O)<sup
+                                  id="cite_ref-CRC97_3-0"
+                                  class="reference"
+                                  ><a href="#cite_note-CRC97-3"
+                                    ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span
+                                    >3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a
+                                  ></sup
+                                >
+                              </li>
+                            </ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Conjugate_base"
+                            class="mw-redirect"
+                            title="Conjugate base"
+                            >Conjugate base</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                        <td>Aspartate</td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <div
+                            style="
+                              display: inline-block;
+                              line-height: 1.2em;
+                              padding: 0.1em 0;
+                            "
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Magnetic_susceptibility"
+                              title="Magnetic susceptibility"
+                              >Magnetic susceptibility</a
+                            >
+                            (&#967;)
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                        <td>-64.2·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol</td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center"
+                        >
+                          Hazards
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704"
+                            ><b>NFPA 704</b></a
+                          >
+                          (fire&#160;diamond)
+                        </td>
+                        <td>
+                          <style
+                            data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383"
+                          >
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref {
+                              float: right;
+                              padding: 1px;
+                              text-align: right;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container {
+                              width: 82px;
+                              font-family: sans-serif;
+                              margin: 0 auto;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref {
+                              float: left;
+                              margin-left: 1em;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images {
+                              float: left;
+                              font-size: 20px;
+                              text-align: center;
+                              position: relative;
+                              height: 80px;
+                              width: 80px;
+                              padding: 1px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map {
+                              position: absolute;
+                              height: 80px;
+                              width: 80px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize {
+                              margin: 0 auto;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code {
+                              line-height: 1em;
+                              text-align: center;
+                              position: absolute;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code > a {
+                              color: black;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue {
+                              width: 13px;
+                              top: 31px;
+                              left: 15px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red {
+                              width: 12px;
+                              top: 12px;
+                              left: 35px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow {
+                              width: 13px;
+                              top: 31px;
+                              left: 54px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image {
+                              position: relative;
+                              top: 51px;
+                              left: 0;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text {
+                              vertical-align: middle;
+                              text-align: center;
+                              line-height: 80%;
+                              position: absolute;
+                              top: 52px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output
+                              .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text
+                              a
+                              > span {
+                              position: absolute;
+                              color: black;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors {
+                              font-size: 15px;
+                              width: 23px;
+                              left: 29px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox {
+                              font-size: 15px;
+                              font-stretch: condensed;
+                              width: 21px;
+                              line-height: 80%;
+                              top: -4px;
+                              left: 29px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp {
+                              font-size: 13.5px;
+                              font-stretch: condensed;
+                              width: 28px;
+                              left: 26px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac {
+                              font-size: 10px;
+                              width: 30px;
+                              left: 25px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike {
+                              text-decoration: line-through;
+                            }
+                          </style>
+                          <div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme">
+                            <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container">
+                              <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines">
+                                <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map">
+                                  <figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File">
+                                    <span
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond"
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="80"
+                                        height="80"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="512"
+                                        data-file-height="512"
+                                        usemap="#ImageMap_811dcee2cbfc5fb2" /></span
+                                    ><map name="ImageMap_811dcee2cbfc5fb2"
+                                      ><area
+                                        href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue"
+                                        shape="poly"
+                                        coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47"
+                                        alt="Health 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentine"
+                                        title="Health 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentine" /><area
+                                        href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red"
+                                        shape="poly"
+                                        coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23"
+                                        alt="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil"
+                                        title="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil" /><area
+                                        href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow"
+                                        shape="poly"
+                                        coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47"
+                                        alt="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen"
+                                        title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen" /><area
+                                        href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White"
+                                        shape="poly"
+                                        coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70"
+                                        alt="Special hazards (white): no code"
+                                        title="Special hazards (white): no code"
+                                    /></map>
+                                    <figcaption></figcaption>
+                                  </figure>
+                                </div>
+                                <div
+                                  class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"
+                                >
+                                  <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"
+                                    ><span
+                                      title="Health 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentine"
+                                      class="notheme mw-no-invert"
+                                      >1</span
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </div>
+                                <div
+                                  class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"
+                                >
+                                  <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"
+                                    ><span
+                                      title="Flammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oil"
+                                      class="notheme mw-no-invert"
+                                      >1</span
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </div>
+                                <div
+                                  class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"
+                                >
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow"
+                                    title="NFPA 704"
+                                    ><span
+                                      title="Instability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogen"
+                                      class="notheme mw-no-invert"
+                                      >0</span
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </div>
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center"
+                        >
+                          Supplementary data page
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid_(data_page)"
+                            title="Aspartic acid (data page)"
+                            >Aspartic acid (data page)</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="
+                            text-align: left;
+                            background: #f8eaba;
+                            border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
+                          "
+                        >
+                          <div
+                            style="
+                              display: inline-block;
+                              line-height: 1.2em;
+                              padding: 0.1em 0;
+                            "
+                          >
+                            Except where otherwise noted, data are given for
+                            materials in their
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Standard_state"
+                              title="Standard state"
+                              >standard state</a
+                            >
+                            (at 25&#160;°C [77&#160;°F], 100&#160;kPa).
+                          </div>
+                          <div style="margin-top: 0.3em"></div>
+                          <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References"
+                              title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox"
+                              >Infobox references</a
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                    </tbody>
+                  </table>
+                  <div
+                    class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux"
+                    style="display: none"
+                  >
+                    Chemical compound
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    <b>Aspartic acid</b> (symbol <b>Asp</b> or <b>D</b>;<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-4"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-4"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    the ionic form is known as <b>aspartate</b>), is an α-<a
+                      href="/wiki/Amino_acid"
+                      title="Amino acid"
+                      >amino acid</a
+                    >
+                    that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-:1_5-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The <small>L</small>-isomer of aspartic acid is one of the
+                    22
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Proteinogenic_amino_acid"
+                      title="Proteinogenic amino acid"
+                      >proteinogenic amino acids</a
+                    >, i.e., the building blocks of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a>.
+                    <b><small>D</small>-aspartic acid</b> is one of two
+                    <small>D</small>-amino acids commonly found in mammals.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-d-aspartic_6-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-d-aspartic-6"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-7"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Apart from a few rare exceptions, <small>D</small>-aspartic
+                    acid is not used for protein synthesis but is incorporated
+                    into some
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Peptides"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Peptides"
+                      >peptides</a
+                    >
+                    and plays a role as a
+                    <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter"
+                      >neurotransmitter</a
+                    >/<a
+                      href="/wiki/Neuromodulator"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Neuromodulator"
+                      >neuromodulator</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-d-aspartic_6-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-d-aspartic-6"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Like all other amino acids, aspartic acid contains an amino
+                    group and a carboxylic acid. Its α-amino group is in the
+                    protonated –NH<span class="nowrap"
+                      ><span
+                        style="
+                          display: inline-block;
+                          margin-bottom: -0.3em;
+                          vertical-align: -0.4em;
+                          line-height: 1.2em;
+                          font-size: 80%;
+                          text-align: left;
+                        "
+                        ><sup
+                          style="
+                            font-size: inherit;
+                            line-height: inherit;
+                            vertical-align: baseline;
+                          "
+                          >+</sup
+                        ><br /><sub
+                          style="
+                            font-size: inherit;
+                            line-height: inherit;
+                            vertical-align: baseline;
+                          "
+                          >3</sub
+                        ></span
+                      ></span
+                    >
+                    form under physiological conditions, while its α-carboxylic
+                    acid group is deprotonated −COO<sup>−</sup> under
+                    physiological conditions. Aspartic acid has an acidic side
+                    chain (CH<sub>2</sub>COOH) which reacts with other amino
+                    acids, enzymes and proteins in the body.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-:1_5-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) in proteins the side
+                    chain usually occurs as the negatively charged aspartate
+                    form, −COO<sup>−</sup>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-:1_5-2"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    It is a non-<a
+                      href="/wiki/Essential_amino_acid"
+                      title="Essential amino acid"
+                      >essential amino acid</a
+                    >
+                    in humans, meaning the body can
+                    <a href="/wiki/De_novo_synthesis" title="De novo synthesis"
+                      >synthesize it</a
+                    >
+                    as needed. It is
+                    <a href="/wiki/Genetic_code" title="Genetic code"
+                      >encoded</a
+                    >
+                    by the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Codon" class="mw-redirect" title="Codon"
+                      >codons</a
+                    >
+                    GAU and GAC.
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    In proteins aspartate sidechains are often hydrogen bonded
+                    to form
+                    <a href="/wiki/Asx_turn" title="Asx turn">asx turns</a> or
+                    <a href="/wiki/Asx_motif" title="Asx motif">asx motifs</a>,
+                    which frequently occur at the N-termini of
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Alpha_helices"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Alpha helices"
+                      >alpha helices</a
+                    >.
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Aspartic acid, like
+                    <a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid"
+                      >glutamic acid</a
+                    >, is classified as an acidic amino acid, with a
+                    <a href="/wiki/PKa" class="mw-redirect" title="PKa"
+                      >pK<sub>a</sub></a
+                    >
+                    of 3.9; however, in a peptide this is highly dependent on
+                    the local environment, and could be as high as 14.
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    The one-letter code D for aspartate was assigned
+                    arbitrarily,<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    with the proposed mnemonic aspar<i>D</i>ic acid.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-:22_9-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:22-9"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Discovery">Discovery</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1"
+                        title="Edit section: Discovery"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Aspartic acid was first discovered in 1827 by
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Auguste-Arthur_Plisson"
+                      title="Auguste-Arthur Plisson"
+                      >Auguste-Arthur Plisson</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Ossian_Henry"
+                      title="Étienne Ossian Henry"
+                      >Étienne Ossian Henry</a
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-10"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-11"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    by
+                    <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolysis</a>
+                    of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Asparagine" title="Asparagine">asparagine</a
+                    >, which had been isolated from
+                    <a href="/wiki/Asparagus" title="Asparagus">asparagus</a>
+                    juice in 1806.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-12"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Their original method used
+                    <a href="/wiki/Lead_hydroxide" title="Lead hydroxide"
+                      >lead hydroxide</a
+                    >, but various other acids or bases are now more commonly
+                    used instead.<sup
+                      class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact"
+                      style="white-space: nowrap"
+                      >&#91;<i
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"
+                          title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"
+                          ><span
+                            title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)"
+                            >citation needed</span
+                          ></a
+                        ></i
+                      >&#93;</sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Forms_and_nomenclature">Forms and nomenclature</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2"
+                        title="Edit section: Forms and nomenclature"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    There are two forms or
+                    <a href="/wiki/Enantiomer" title="Enantiomer"
+                      >enantiomers</a
+                    >
+                    of aspartic acid. The name "aspartic acid" can refer to
+                    either enantiomer or a mixture of two.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-IUPAC_13-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC-13"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Of these two forms, only one, "<small>L</small>-aspartic
+                    acid", is directly incorporated into proteins. The
+                    biological roles of its counterpart,
+                    "<small>D</small>-aspartic acid" are more limited. Where
+                    enzymatic synthesis will produce one or the other, most
+                    chemical syntheses will produce both forms,
+                    "<small>DL</small>-aspartic acid", known as a
+                    <a href="/wiki/Racemic_mixture" title="Racemic mixture"
+                      >racemic mixture</a
+                    >.<sup
+                      class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact"
+                      style="white-space: nowrap"
+                      >&#91;<i
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"
+                          title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"
+                          ><span
+                            title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)"
+                            >citation needed</span
+                          ></a
+                        ></i
+                      >&#93;</sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Synthesis">Synthesis</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3"
+                        title="Edit section: Synthesis"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Biosynthesis">Biosynthesis</h3>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4"
+                        title="Edit section: Biosynthesis"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    In the human body, aspartate is most frequently synthesized
+                    through the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Transamination" title="Transamination"
+                      >transamination</a
+                    >
+                    of
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Oxaloacetate"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Oxaloacetate"
+                      >oxaloacetate</a
+                    >. The biosynthesis of aspartate is facilitated by an
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Aminotransferase"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Aminotransferase"
+                      >aminotransferase</a
+                    >
+                    enzyme: the transfer of an
+                    <a href="/wiki/Amine" title="Amine">amine</a> group from
+                    another molecule such as alanine or glutamine yields
+                    aspartate and an alpha-keto acid.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-:1_5-3"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Chemical_synthesis">Chemical synthesis</h3>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5"
+                        title="Edit section: Chemical synthesis"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Industrially, aspartate is produced by amination of
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Fumarate"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Fumarate"
+                      >fumarate</a
+                    >
+                    catalyzed by L-<a
+                      href="/wiki/Aspartate_ammonia-lyase"
+                      title="Aspartate ammonia-lyase"
+                      >aspartate ammonia-lyase</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-14"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    <a href="/wiki/Racemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Racemic"
+                      >Racemic</a
+                    >
+                    aspartic acid can be synthesized from diethyl sodium
+                    phthalimidomalonate,
+                    (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(CO)<sub>2</sub>NC(CO<sub>2</sub>Et)<sub>2</sub>).<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-15"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-15"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Metabolism">Metabolism</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6"
+                        title="Edit section: Metabolism"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    In plants and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism"
+                      >microorganisms</a
+                    >, aspartate is the precursor to several amino acids,
+                    including four that are essential for humans:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Methionine" title="Methionine">methionine</a
+                    >,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Threonine" title="Threonine">threonine</a>,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Isoleucine" title="Isoleucine">isoleucine</a
+                    >, and <a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">lysine</a>. The
+                    conversion of aspartate to these other amino acids begins
+                    with reduction of aspartate to its "semialdehyde",
+                    O<sub>2</sub>CCH(NH<sub>2</sub>)CH<sub>2</sub>CHO.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-16"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-16"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    <a href="/wiki/Asparagine" title="Asparagine">Asparagine</a>
+                    is derived from aspartate via transamidation:
+                  </p>
+                  <dl>
+                    <dd>
+                      <sup>−</sup
+                      >O<sub>2</sub>CCH(NH<sub>2</sub>)CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub
+                        >2</sub
+                      ><sup>−</sup> + <i>G</i>C(O)NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> →
+                      O<sub>2</sub>CCH(NH<sub>2</sub>)CH<sub>2</sub>CONH<sub
+                        >3</sub
+                      ><sup>+</sup> + <i>G</i>C(O)O
+                    </dd>
+                  </dl>
+                  <p>
+                    (where <i>G</i>C(O)NH<sub>2</sub> and <i>G</i>C(O)OH are
+                    <a href="/wiki/Glutamine" title="Glutamine">glutamine</a>
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid"
+                      >glutamic acid</a
+                    >, respectively)
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Other_biochemical_roles">
+                      Other biochemical roles
+                    </h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7"
+                        title="Edit section: Other biochemical roles"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Aspartate has many other biochemical roles. It is a
+                    <a href="/wiki/Metabolite" title="Metabolite">metabolite</a>
+                    in the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Urea_cycle" title="Urea cycle">urea cycle</a
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-17"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and participates in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Gluconeogenesis" title="Gluconeogenesis"
+                      >gluconeogenesis</a
+                    >. It carries reducing equivalents in the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Malate-aspartate_shuttle"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Malate-aspartate shuttle"
+                      >malate-aspartate shuttle</a
+                    >, which utilizes the ready interconversion of aspartate and
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Oxaloacetate"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Oxaloacetate"
+                      >oxaloacetate</a
+                    >, which is the oxidized (dehydrogenated) derivative of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Malic_acid" title="Malic acid">malic acid</a
+                    >. Aspartate donates one nitrogen atom in the biosynthesis
+                    of <a href="/wiki/Inosine" title="Inosine">inosine</a>, the
+                    precursor to the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Purine" title="Purine">purine</a> bases. In
+                    addition, aspartic acid acts as a hydrogen acceptor in a
+                    chain of ATP synthase. Dietary L-aspartic acid has been
+                    shown to act as an inhibitor of
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Beta-glucuronidase"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Beta-glucuronidase"
+                      >Beta-glucuronidase</a
+                    >, which serves to regulate
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Enterohepatic_circulation"
+                      title="Enterohepatic circulation"
+                      >enterohepatic circulation</a
+                    >
+                    of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Bilirubin" title="Bilirubin">bilirubin</a>
+                    and bile acids.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-18"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Interactive_pathway_map">
+                      Interactive pathway map
+                    </h3>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8"
+                        title="Edit section: Interactive pathway map"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    <i
+                      >Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to
+                      respective articles.</i
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-WikiPathways_19-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-WikiPathways-19"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>§ 1<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div style="overflow: auto">
+                    <div class="thumb tleft">
+                      <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 377px">
+                        <div
+                          class="thumbimage"
+                          style="width: 375px; height: 350px; overflow: hidden"
+                        >
+                          <div
+                            style="position: relative; top: -699px; left: -350.15px; width: &#123;&#123;&#123;bSize&#125;&#125;&#125;px"
+                          >
+                            <div class="noresize">
+                              [[File:
+                              <div class="noresize thumb tnone" style="">
+                                <div
+                                  class="thumbinner"
+                                  style="overflow: hidden; width: 1017px"
+                                >
+                                  <div
+                                    class="thumbimage"
+                                    style="
+                                      overflow: hidden;
+                                      position: relative;
+                                      background-color: white;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      style="
+                                        left: 0px;
+                                        top: 0px;
+                                        width: 1015px;
+                                        position: absolute;
+                                      "
+                                    >
+                                      <figure
+                                        class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right noresize"
+                                        typeof="mw:File"
+                                      >
+                                        <a
+                                          href="/wiki/Glycolysis#Interactive_pathway_map"
+                                          title="Go to pathway article"
+                                          ><img
+                                            alt="GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534"
+                                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/WP534.png"
+                                            decoding="async"
+                                            width="1015"
+                                            height="1341"
+                                            class="mw-file-element"
+                                            data-file-width="1015"
+                                            data-file-height="1341"
+                                            usemap="#ImageMap_868cf5ca7e758742" /></a
+                                        ><map name="ImageMap_868cf5ca7e758742"
+                                          ><area
+                                            href="/wiki/2-Phosphoglyceric_acid"
+                                            shape="rect"
+                                            coords="223,823,323,843"
+                                            alt="go to article"
+                                            title="go to article" /><area
+                                            href="/wiki/Dihydrolipoyl_transacetylase"
+                                            shape="rect"
+                                            coords="696,1192,759,1212"
+                                            alt="go to article"
+                                            title="go to article" /><area
+                                            href="/wiki/Malic_acid"
+                                            shape="rect"
+                                            coords="801,1025,901,1045"
+                                            alt="go to article"
+                                            title="go to article" /><area
+                                            href="/wiki/Malate_dehydrogenase"
+                                            shape="rect"
+                                            coords="555,986,615,1006"
+                                            alt="go to article"
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+                                        typeof="mw:File"
+                                      >
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+                                          title="Go to pathway article"
+                                          ><img
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+                                            coords="540,310,733,330"
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+                                            title="go to article" /><area
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+                                            class="plainlinks"
+                                            shape="rect"
+                                            coords="542,354,705,374"
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+                                        <figcaption></figcaption>
+                                      </figure>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </div>
+                                  <div class="thumbcaption"></div>
+                                </div>
+                              </div>
+                              |alt=Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP534"
+                                >edit</a
+                              >]]
+                            </div>
+                          </div>
+                        </div>
+                        <div class="thumbcaption">
+                          <div class="magnify">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/File:WP534.png"
+                              title="File:WP534.png"
+                            >
+                            </a>
+                          </div>
+                          Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
+                          <a
+                            rel="nofollow"
+                            class="external text"
+                            href="http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP534"
+                            >edit</a
+                          >
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                    <div style="clear: both" class=""></div>
+                    <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
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+                              ><b
+                                ><a href="#cite_ref-WikiPathways_19-0">^</a></b
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+                            <span class="reference-text"
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+                                .mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right {
+                                  padding-right: 0.2em;
+                                }
+                                .mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink {
+                                  font-weight: inherit;
+                                }
+                                @media screen {
+                                  .mw-parser-output .cs1-format {
+                                    font-size: 95%;
+                                  }
+                                  html.skin-theme-clientpref-night
+                                    .mw-parser-output
+                                    .cs1-maint {
+                                    color: #18911f;
+                                  }
+                                }
+                                @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+                                  html.skin-theme-clientpref-os
+                                    .mw-parser-output
+                                    .cs1-maint {
+                                    color: #18911f;
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+                                }</style
+                              ><cite class="citation web cs1"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP534"
+                                  >"GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534"</a
+                                >.</cite
+                              ><span
+                                title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikipathways.org%2Findex.php%2FPathway%3AWP534&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                                class="Z3988"
+                              ></span
+                            ></span>
+                          </li>
+                        </ol>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Neurotransmitter">Neurotransmitter</h3>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9"
+                        title="Edit section: Neurotransmitter"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Aspartate (the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Conjugate_base"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Conjugate base"
+                      >conjugate base</a
+                    >
+                    of aspartic acid) stimulates
+                    <a href="/wiki/NMDA_receptor" title="NMDA receptor"
+                      >NMDA receptors</a
+                    >, though not as strongly as the amino acid neurotransmitter
+                    <a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid"
+                      >L-glutamate</a
+                    >
+                    does.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-20"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Applications_&amp;_market">
+                      <span id="Applications_.26_market"></span>Applications
+                      &amp; market
+                    </h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10"
+                        title="Edit section: Applications &amp; market"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    In 2014, the global market for aspartic acid was
+                    39.3&#160;thousand
+                    <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>
+                    (35.7&#160;thousand
+                    <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>)<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-21"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-21"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    or about $117 million annually.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-22"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-22"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The three largest market segments include the U.S., Western
+                    Europe, and China. Current applications include
+                    biodegradable polymers (<a
+                      href="/wiki/Polyaspartic_acid"
+                      title="Polyaspartic acid"
+                      >polyaspartic acid</a
+                    >), low calorie sweeteners (<a
+                      href="/wiki/Aspartame"
+                      title="Aspartame"
+                      >aspartame</a
+                    >), scale and corrosion inhibitors, and resins.<sup
+                      class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact"
+                      style="white-space: nowrap"
+                      >&#91;<i
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"
+                          title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"
+                          ><span
+                            title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)"
+                            >citation needed</span
+                          ></a
+                        ></i
+                      >&#93;</sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Superabsorbent_polymers">
+                      Superabsorbent polymers
+                    </h3>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11"
+                        title="Edit section: Superabsorbent polymers"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    One area of aspartic acid market growth is
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Biodegradable"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Biodegradable"
+                      >biodegradable</a
+                    >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Superabsorbent_polymer"
+                      title="Superabsorbent polymer"
+                      >superabsorbent polymers</a
+                    >
+                    (SAP), and hydrogels.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-:2_23-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Around 75% of superabsorbent polymers are used in disposable
+                    <a href="/wiki/Diaper" title="Diaper">diapers</a> and an
+                    additional 20% is used for adult
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence"
+                      title="Urinary incontinence"
+                      >incontinence</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Feminine_hygiene" title="Feminine hygiene"
+                      >feminine hygiene</a
+                    >
+                    products.
+                    <a href="/wiki/Polyaspartic_acid" title="Polyaspartic acid"
+                      >Polyaspartic acid</a
+                    >, the polymerization product of aspartic acid, is a
+                    biodegradable substitute to
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Polyacrylate"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Polyacrylate"
+                      >polyacrylate</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_23-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:2-23"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-24"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-25"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Additional_uses">Additional uses</h3>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12"
+                        title="Edit section: Additional uses"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    In addition to SAP, aspartic acid has applications in the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer"
+                      >fertilizer industry</a
+                    >, where polyaspartate improves water retention and nitrogen
+                    uptake.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-26"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13"
+                        title="Edit section: Sources"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
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+                  <table
+                    class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove"
+                    role="presentation"
+                  >
+                    <tbody>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td class="mbox-image">
+                          <div class="mbox-image-div">
+                            <span typeof="mw:File"
+                              ><a
+                                href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg"
+                                class="mw-file-description"
+                                ><img
+                                  alt=""
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png"
+                                  decoding="async"
+                                  width="50"
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+                                  "
+                                  data-file-width="512"
+                                  data-file-height="399" /></a
+                            ></span>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                        <td class="mbox-text">
+                          <div class="mbox-text-span">
+                            This section
+                            <b
+                              >needs additional citations for
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability"
+                                title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"
+                                >verification</a
+                              ></b
+                            >.<span class="hide-when-compact">
+                              Please help
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Aspartic_acid"
+                                title="Special:EditPage/Aspartic acid"
+                                >improve this article</a
+                              >
+                              by
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners"
+                                title="Help:Referencing for beginners"
+                                >adding citations to reliable sources</a
+                              >&#32;in this section. Unsourced material may be
+                              challenged and removed.</span
+                            >
+                            <span class="date-container"
+                              ><i
+                                >(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i
+                              ></span
+                            ><span class="hide-when-compact"
+                              ><i>
+                                (<small
+                                  ><a
+                                    href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal"
+                                    title="Help:Maintenance template removal"
+                                    >Learn how and when to remove this
+                                    message</a
+                                  ></small
+                                >)</i
+                              ></span
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                    </tbody>
+                  </table>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Dietary_sources">Dietary sources</h3>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14"
+                        title="Edit section: Dietary sources"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Aspartic acid is not an
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Essential_amino_acid"
+                      title="Essential amino acid"
+                      >essential amino acid</a
+                    >, which means that it can be synthesized from central
+                    metabolic pathway intermediates in humans, and does not need
+                    to be present in the diet. In
+                    <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">eukaryotic</a>
+                    cells, roughly 1 in 20 amino acids incorporated into a
+                    protein is an aspartic acid,<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-27"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-27"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and accordingly almost any source of dietary protein will
+                    include aspartic acid. Additionally, aspartic acid is found
+                    in:
+                  </p>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Dietary_supplements"
+                        class="mw-redirect"
+                        title="Dietary supplements"
+                        >Dietary supplements</a
+                      >, either as aspartic acid itself or
+                      <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)"
+                        >salts</a
+                      >
+                      (such as
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Magnesium_aspartate"
+                        title="Magnesium aspartate"
+                        >magnesium aspartate</a
+                      >)
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      The sweetener
+                      <a href="/wiki/Aspartame" title="Aspartame">aspartame</a>,
+                      which is made from an aspartic acid and
+                      <a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine"
+                        >phenylalanine</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15"
+                        title="Edit section: See also"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Aspartate_transaminase"
+                        title="Aspartate transaminase"
+                        >Aspartate transaminase</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Polyaspartic_acid"
+                        title="Polyaspartic acid"
+                        >Polyaspartic acid</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Sodium_polyaspartate"
+                        class="mw-redirect"
+                        title="Sodium polyaspartate"
+                        >Sodium polyaspartate</a
+                      >, a synthetic
+                      <a href="/wiki/Polyamide" title="Polyamide">polyamide</a>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="References">References</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16"
+                        title="Edit section: References"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"
+                  />
+                  <div
+                    class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"
+                  >
+                    <ol class="references">
+                      <li id="cite_note-merck-1">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-merck_1-0">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFBudavariCo1989"
+                            class="citation book cs1"
+                            >Budavari, Susan; Co, Merck (1989).
+                            <span
+                              class="id-lock-registration"
+                              title="Free registration required"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/merckindexency00buda"
+                                >"862. Aspartic acid"</a
+                              ></span
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://archive.org/details/merckindexency00buda/page/132"
+                              ><i>The Merck Index</i></a
+                            >
+                            (11th&#160;ed.). Merck. p.&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://archive.org/details/merckindexency00buda/page/132"
+                              >132</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                              >ISBN</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-911910-28-5"
+                              title="Special:BookSources/978-0-911910-28-5"
+                              ><bdi>978-0-911910-28-5</bdi></a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=862.+Aspartic+acid&amp;rft.btitle=The+Merck+Index&amp;rft.pages=132&amp;rft.edition=11th&amp;rft.pub=Merck&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-911910-28-5&amp;rft.aulast=Budavari&amp;rft.aufirst=Susan&amp;rft.au=Co%2C+Merck&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmerckindexency00buda&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-2">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            class="citation web cs1"
+                            ><a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1439.htm"
+                              >"ICSC 1439 - L-ASPARTIC ACID"</a
+                            >. <i>inchem.org</i>.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=inchem.org&amp;rft.atitle=ICSC+1439+-+L-ASPARTIC+ACID&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inchem.org%2Fdocuments%2Ficsc%2Ficsc%2Feics1439.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-CRC97-3">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC97_3-0">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFHaynes,_William_M.2016"
+                            class="citation book cs1"
+                            >Haynes, William M., ed. (2016).
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics"
+                              title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics"
+                              ><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a
+                            >
+                            (97th&#160;ed.).
+                            <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press"
+                              >CRC Press</a
+                            >. pp.&#160;5–89.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                              >ISBN</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1498754286"
+                              title="Special:BookSources/978-1498754286"
+                              ><bdi>978-1498754286</bdi></a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&amp;rft.pages=5-89&amp;rft.edition=97th&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-1498754286&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-4">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            class="citation web cs1"
+                            ><a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009023202/http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AminoAcid/AA1n2.html"
+                              >"Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and
+                              Peptides"</a
+                            >. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical
+                            Nomenclature. 1983. Archived from
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AminoAcid/AA1n2.html"
+                              >the original</a
+                            >
+                            on 9 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                              >. Retrieved
+                              <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nomenclature+and+Symbolism+for+Amino+Acids+and+Peptides&amp;rft.pub=IUPAC-IUB+Joint+Commission+on+Biochemical+Nomenclature&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.qmul.ac.uk%2Fiupac%2FAminoAcid%2FAA1n2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-:1-5">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          >^
+                          <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"
+                            ><sup
+                              ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                            ></a
+                          >
+                          <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"
+                            ><sup
+                              ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                            ></a
+                          >
+                          <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"
+                            ><sup
+                              ><i><b>c</b></i></sup
+                            ></a
+                          >
+                          <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"
+                            ><sup
+                              ><i><b>d</b></i></sup
+                            ></a
+                          ></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFVoetVoetPratt2016"
+                            class="citation book cs1"
+                            >Voet, Donald; Voet, Judith G.; Pratt, Charlotte W.
+                            (2016-02-29).
+                            <i
+                              >Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the
+                              Molecular Level</i
+                            >. John Wiley &amp; Sons.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                              >ISBN</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118918401"
+                              title="Special:BookSources/9781118918401"
+                              ><bdi>9781118918401</bdi></a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="OCLC (identifier)"
+                              >OCLC</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/910538334"
+                              >910538334</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Biochemistry%3A+Life+at+the+Molecular+Level&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&amp;rft.date=2016-02-29&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F910538334&amp;rft.isbn=9781118918401&amp;rft.aulast=Voet&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald&amp;rft.au=Voet%2C+Judith+G.&amp;rft.au=Pratt%2C+Charlotte+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-d-aspartic-6">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          >^
+                          <a href="#cite_ref-d-aspartic_6-0"
+                            ><sup
+                              ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                            ></a
+                          >
+                          <a href="#cite_ref-d-aspartic_6-1"
+                            ><sup
+                              ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                            ></a
+                          ></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFD&#39;Aniello2007"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >D'Aniello, Antimo (1 February 2007). "d-Aspartic
+                            acid: An endogenous amino acid with an important
+                            neuroendocrine role". <i>Brain Research Reviews</i>.
+                            <b>53</b> (2): 215–234.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.brainresrev.2006.08.005"
+                              >10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.08.005</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMID (identifier)"
+                              >PMID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17118457"
+                              >17118457</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                              >S2CID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12709991"
+                              >12709991</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Brain+Research+Reviews&amp;rft.atitle=d-Aspartic+acid%3A+An+endogenous+amino+acid+with+an+important+neuroendocrine+role&amp;rft.volume=53&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=215-234&amp;rft.date=2007-02-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12709991%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17118457&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.brainresrev.2006.08.005&amp;rft.aulast=D%27Aniello&amp;rft.aufirst=Antimo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-7">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFHuangBeigneuxWeilKim2006"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >Huang AS, Beigneux A, Weil ZM, Kim PM, Molliver ME,
+                            Blackshaw S, Nelson RJ, Young SG, Snyder SH (March
+                            2006).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6675153"
+                              >"D-aspartate regulates melanocortin formation and
+                              function: behavioral alterations in D-aspartate
+                              oxidase-deficient mice"</a
+                            >. <i>The Journal of Neuroscience</i>.
+                            <b>26</b> (10): 2814–9.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.5060-05.2006"
+                              >10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5060-05.2006</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMC (identifier)"
+                              >PMC</a
+                            >&#160;<span
+                              class="id-lock-free"
+                              title="Freely accessible"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6675153"
+                                >6675153</a
+                              ></span
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMID (identifier)"
+                              >PMID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16525061"
+                              >16525061</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Neuroscience&amp;rft.atitle=D-aspartate+regulates+melanocortin+formation+and+function%3A+behavioral+alterations+in+D-aspartate+oxidase-deficient+mice&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.pages=2814-9&amp;rft.date=2006-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6675153%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16525061&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.5060-05.2006&amp;rft.aulast=Huang&amp;rft.aufirst=AS&amp;rft.au=Beigneux%2C+A&amp;rft.au=Weil%2C+ZM&amp;rft.au=Kim%2C+PM&amp;rft.au=Molliver%2C+ME&amp;rft.au=Blackshaw%2C+S&amp;rft.au=Nelson%2C+RJ&amp;rft.au=Young%2C+SG&amp;rft.au=Snyder%2C+SH&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6675153&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-:02-8">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-0">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            ><a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(19)34176-6/pdf"
+                              >"IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature
+                              A One-Letter Notation for Amino Acid Sequences"</a
+                            >. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>.
+                            <b>243</b> (13): 3557–3559. 10 July 1968.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<span
+                              class="id-lock-free"
+                              title="Freely accessible"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2934176-6"
+                                >10.1016/S0021-9258(19)34176-6</a
+                              ></span
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&amp;rft.atitle=IUPAC-IUB+Commission+on+Biochemical+Nomenclature+A+One-Letter+Notation+for+Amino+Acid+Sequences&amp;rft.volume=243&amp;rft.issue=13&amp;rft.pages=3557-3559&amp;rft.date=1968-07-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0021-9258%2819%2934176-6&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jbc.org%2Farticle%2FS0021-9258%2819%2934176-6%2Fpdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-:22-9">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-:22_9-0">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFAdogaNicholson1988"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >Adoga, Godwin I; Nicholson, Bh (January 1988).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/0307-4412%2888%2990026-X"
+                              >"Letters to the editor"</a
+                            >. <i>Biochemical Education</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 49.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0307-4412%2888%2990026-X"
+                              >10.1016/0307-4412(88)90026-X</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Education&amp;rft.atitle=Letters+to+the+editor&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=49&amp;rft.date=1988-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0307-4412%2888%2990026-X&amp;rft.aulast=Adoga&amp;rft.aufirst=Godwin+I&amp;rft.au=Nicholson%2C+Bh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1016%2F0307-4412%252888%252990026-X&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-10">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFPlisson1827"
+                            class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"
+                            >Plisson, A. (October 1827).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7Vf4WcM8VksC&amp;pg=PA477"
+                              >"Sur l'identité du malate acide d'althéine avec
+                              l'asparagine (1); et sur un acide nouveau"</a
+                            >
+                            &#91;On the identity of altheine acid malate with
+                            asparagine (1); and on a new acid&#93;.
+                            <i>Journal de Pharmacie</i> (in French).
+                            <b>13</b> (10): 477–492.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Pharmacie&amp;rft.atitle=Sur+l%27identit%C3%A9+du+malate+acide+d%27alth%C3%A9ine+avec+l%27asparagine+%281%29%3B+et+sur+un+acide+nouveau&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.pages=477-492&amp;rft.date=1827-10&amp;rft.aulast=Plisson&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Vf4WcM8VksC%26pg%3DPA477&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-11">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFBerzeliusÖngren1839"
+                            class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"
+                            ><a
+                              href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius"
+                              title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius"
+                              >Berzelius JJ</a
+                            >, Öngren OG (1839).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://books.google.com/books?id=szLPAAAAMAAJ"
+                              ><i>Traité de chimie</i></a
+                            >
+                            (in French). Vol.&#160;3. Brussels: A. Wahlen et
+                            Cie. p.&#160;81<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                              >. Retrieved
+                              <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Trait%C3%A9+de+chimie&amp;rft.place=Brussels&amp;rft.pages=81&amp;rft.pub=A.+Wahlen+et+Cie.&amp;rft.date=1839&amp;rft.aulast=Berzelius&amp;rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6ns+Jakob&amp;rft.au=%C3%96ngren%2C+Olof+Gustaf&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DszLPAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-12">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFPlimmer1912"
+                            class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"
+                            >Plimmer R (1912) [1908]. Plimmer R, Hopkins F
+                            (eds.).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7JM8AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA112"
+                              ><i
+                                >The chemical composition of the proteins</i
+                              ></a
+                            >. Monographs on Biochemistry. Vol.&#160;Part I.
+                            Analysis (2nd&#160;ed.). London: Longmans, Green and
+                            Co. p.&#160;112<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                              >. Retrieved
+                              <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2010</span
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+chemical+composition+of+the+proteins&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.series=Monographs+on+Biochemistry&amp;rft.pages=112&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+and+Co.&amp;rft.date=1912&amp;rft.aulast=Plimmer&amp;rft.aufirst=R.H.A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7JM8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA112&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-IUPAC-13">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_13-0">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                          /><cite class="citation cs2"
+                            >"Nomenclature and symbolism for amino acids and
+                            peptides (IUPAC-IUB Recommendations 1983)",
+                            <i>Pure Appl. Chem.</i>, <b>56</b> (5): 595–624,
+                            1984,
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac198456050595"
+                              >10.1351/pac198456050595</a
+                            ></cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Pure+Appl.+Chem.&amp;rft.atitle=Nomenclature+and+symbolism+for+amino+acids+and+peptides+%28IUPAC-IUB+Recommendations+1983%29&amp;rft.volume=56&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=595-624&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac198456050595&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                          >.</span
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-14">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFDrauzGraysonKleemannKrimmer2006"
+                            class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"
+                            >Drauz, Karlheinz; Grayson, Ian; Kleemann, Axel;
+                            Krimmer, Hans-Peter; Leuchtenberger, Wolfgang;
+                            Weckbecker, Christoph (2006).
+                            <i
+                              ><a
+                                href="/wiki/Ullmann%27s_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry"
+                                title="Ullmann&#39;s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry"
+                                >Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
+                                Chemistry</a
+                              ></i
+                            >. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a02_057.pub2"
+                              >10.1002/14356007.a02_057.pub2</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                              >ISBN</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3527306732"
+                              title="Special:BookSources/978-3527306732"
+                              ><bdi>978-3527306732</bdi></a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&amp;rft.place=Weinheim&amp;rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a02_057.pub2&amp;rft.isbn=978-3527306732&amp;rft.aulast=Drauz&amp;rft.aufirst=Karlheinz&amp;rft.au=Grayson%2C+Ian&amp;rft.au=Kleemann%2C+Axel&amp;rft.au=Krimmer%2C+Hans-Peter&amp;rft.au=Leuchtenberger%2C+Wolfgang&amp;rft.au=Weckbecker%2C+Christoph&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-15">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                          /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFDunnSmart1950"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >Dunn MS, Smart BW (1950).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=CV4P0055"
+                              >"DL-Aspartic Acid"</a
+                            >.
+                            <i
+                              ><a
+                                href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses"
+                                title="Organic Syntheses"
+                                >Organic Syntheses</a
+                              ></i
+                            >. <b>30</b>: 7</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Organic+Syntheses&amp;rft.atitle=DL-Aspartic+Acid&amp;rft.volume=30&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.date=1950&amp;rft.aulast=Dunn&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+S.&amp;rft.au=Smart%2C+B.+W.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orgsyn.org%2Fdemo.aspx%3Fprep%3DCV4P0055&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                          >;
+                          <link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                          /><cite class="citation cs2"
+                            ><i>Collected Volumes</i>, vol.&#160;4,
+                            p.&#160;55</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Collected+Volumes&amp;rft.pages=55&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                          >..</span
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-16">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFLehningerNelsonCox2000"
+                            class="citation book cs1"
+                            >Lehninger AL, Nelson DL, Cox MM (2000).
+                            <i>Principles of Biochemistry</i> (3rd&#160;ed.).
+                            New York: W.&#160;H. Freeman.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                              >ISBN</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57259-153-6"
+                              title="Special:BookSources/1-57259-153-6"
+                              ><bdi>1-57259-153-6</bdi></a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Principles+of+Biochemistry&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=1-57259-153-6&amp;rft.aulast=Lehninger&amp;rft.aufirst=Albert+L.&amp;rft.au=Nelson%2C+David+L.&amp;rft.au=Cox%2C+Michael+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-17">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            class="citation web cs1"
+                            ><a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://www.varsitytutors.com/biochemistry-help/biochemistry?page=75"
+                              >"Biochemistry - Biochemistry"</a
+                            >. <i>www.varsitytutors.com</i
+                            ><span class="reference-accessdate"
+                              >. Retrieved
+                              <span class="nowrap">2022-02-18</span></span
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.varsitytutors.com&amp;rft.atitle=Biochemistry+-+Biochemistry&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.varsitytutors.com%2Fbiochemistry-help%2Fbiochemistry%3Fpage%3D75&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-18">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFKreamerSiegelGourley2001"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >Kreamer, Bill L.; Siegel, Frank L.; Gourley, Glenn
+                            R. (Oct 2001).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1203%2F00006450-200110000-00007"
+                              >"A novel inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase:
+                              L-aspartic acid"</a
+                            >. <i>Pediatric Research</i>. <b>50</b> (4):
+                            460–466.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<span
+                              class="id-lock-free"
+                              title="Freely accessible"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1203%2F00006450-200110000-00007"
+                                >10.1203/00006450-200110000-00007</a
+                              ></span
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMID (identifier)"
+                              >PMID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11568288"
+                              >11568288</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Pediatric+Research&amp;rft.atitle=A+novel+inhibitor+of+beta-glucuronidase%3A+L-aspartic+acid.&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=460-466&amp;rft.date=2001-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1203%2F00006450-200110000-00007&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11568288&amp;rft.aulast=Kreamer&amp;rft.aufirst=Bill+L.&amp;rft.au=Siegel%2C+Frank+L.&amp;rft.au=Gourley%2C+Glenn+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1203%252F00006450-200110000-00007&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-20">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFChenGeballeStansfeldJohnston2005"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >Chen PE, Geballe MT, Stansfeld PJ, Johnston AR,
+                            Yuan H, Jacob AL, Snyder JP, Traynelis SF, Wyllie DJ
+                            (May 2005). "Structural features of the glutamate
+                            binding site in recombinant NR1/NR2A
+                            N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors determined by
+                            site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling".
+                            <i>Molecular Pharmacology</i>. <b>67</b> (5):
+                            1470–84.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1124%2Fmol.104.008185"
+                              >10.1124/mol.104.008185</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMID (identifier)"
+                              >PMID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15703381"
+                              >15703381</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                              >S2CID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13505187"
+                              >13505187</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Molecular+Pharmacology&amp;rft.atitle=Structural+features+of+the+glutamate+binding+site+in+recombinant+NR1%2FNR2A+N-methyl-D-aspartate+receptors+determined+by+site-directed+mutagenesis+and+molecular+modeling&amp;rft.volume=67&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=1470-84&amp;rft.date=2005-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13505187%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15703381&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1124%2Fmol.104.008185&amp;rft.aulast=Chen&amp;rft.aufirst=PE&amp;rft.au=Geballe%2C+MT&amp;rft.au=Stansfeld%2C+PJ&amp;rft.au=Johnston%2C+AR&amp;rft.au=Yuan%2C+H&amp;rft.au=Jacob%2C+AL&amp;rft.au=Snyder%2C+JP&amp;rft.au=Traynelis%2C+SF&amp;rft.au=Wyllie%2C+DJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-21">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            class="citation web cs1"
+                            ><a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-aspartic-acid-market"
+                              >"Global Aspartic Acid Market By Application"</a
+                            >. Grand View Research<span
+                              class="reference-accessdate"
+                              >. Retrieved
+                              <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span>
+                              2019</span
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Global+Aspartic+Acid+Market+By+Application&amp;rft.pub=Grand+View+Research&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandviewresearch.com%2Fpress-release%2Fglobal-aspartic-acid-market&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-22">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFEvans2014"
+                            class="citation book cs1"
+                            >Evans J (2014).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="http://www.bccresearch.com/market-research/biotechnology/commercial-amino-acids-bio007k.html"
+                              ><i>Commercial Amino Acids</i></a
+                            >. BCC Research. pp.&#160;101–103.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Commercial+Amino+Acids&amp;rft.pages=101-103&amp;rft.pub=BCC+Research&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.aulast=Evans&amp;rft.aufirst=J&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bccresearch.com%2Fmarket-research%2Fbiotechnology%2Fcommercial-amino-acids-bio007k.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-:2-23">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          >^
+                          <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-0"
+                            ><sup
+                              ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                            ></a
+                          >
+                          <a href="#cite_ref-:2_23-1"
+                            ><sup
+                              ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                            ></a
+                          ></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFAdelniaBlakeyLittleTa2019"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >Adelnia, Hossein; Blakey, Idriss; Little, Peter J.;
+                            Ta, Hang T. (2019).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6861526"
+                              >"Hydrogels Based on Poly(aspartic acid):
+                              Synthesis and Applications"</a
+                            >. <i>Frontiers in Chemistry</i>. <b>7</b>: 755.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                              >Bibcode</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019FrCh....7..755A"
+                              >2019FrCh....7..755A</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<span
+                              class="id-lock-free"
+                              title="Freely accessible"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffchem.2019.00755"
+                                >10.3389/fchem.2019.00755</a
+                              ></span
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                              >ISSN</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2296-2646"
+                              >2296-2646</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMC (identifier)"
+                              >PMC</a
+                            >&#160;<span
+                              class="id-lock-free"
+                              title="Freely accessible"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6861526"
+                                >6861526</a
+                              ></span
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMID (identifier)"
+                              >PMID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31799235"
+                              >31799235</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Chemistry&amp;rft.atitle=Hydrogels+Based+on+Poly%28aspartic+acid%29%3A+Synthesis+and+Applications&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.pages=755&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6861526%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019FrCh....7..755A&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31799235&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffchem.2019.00755&amp;rft.issn=2296-2646&amp;rft.aulast=Adelnia&amp;rft.aufirst=Hossein&amp;rft.au=Blakey%2C+Idriss&amp;rft.au=Little%2C+Peter+J.&amp;rft.au=Ta%2C+Hang+T.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6861526&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-24">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFAdelniaTranLittleBlakey2021"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >Adelnia, Hossein; Tran, Huong D.N.; Little, Peter
+                            J.; Blakey, Idriss; Ta, Hang T. (2021-06-14).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00150"
+                              >"Poly(aspartic acid) in Biomedical Applications:
+                              From Polymerization, Modification, Properties,
+                              Degradation, and Biocompatibility to
+                              Applications"</a
+                            >.
+                            <i>ACS Biomaterials Science &amp; Engineering</i>.
+                            <b>7</b> (6): 2083–2105.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facsbiomaterials.1c00150"
+                              >10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00150</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Hdl (identifier)"
+                              >hdl</a
+                            >:<span
+                              class="id-lock-free"
+                              title="Freely accessible"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://hdl.handle.net/10072%2F404497"
+                                >10072/404497</a
+                              ></span
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMID (identifier)"
+                              >PMID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33797239"
+                              >33797239</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                              >S2CID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:232761877"
+                              >232761877</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=ACS+Biomaterials+Science+%26+Engineering&amp;rft.atitle=Poly%28aspartic+acid%29+in+Biomedical+Applications%3A+From+Polymerization%2C+Modification%2C+Properties%2C+Degradation%2C+and+Biocompatibility+to+Applications&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=2083-2105&amp;rft.date=2021-06-14&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10072%2F404497&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A232761877%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33797239&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facsbiomaterials.1c00150&amp;rft.aulast=Adelnia&amp;rft.aufirst=Hossein&amp;rft.au=Tran%2C+Huong+D.N.&amp;rft.au=Little%2C+Peter+J.&amp;rft.au=Blakey%2C+Idriss&amp;rft.au=Ta%2C+Hang+T.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1021%2Facsbiomaterials.1c00150&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-25">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFAlfordWheelerPettigrew1994"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >Alford DD, Wheeler AP, Pettigrew CA (1994).
+                            "Biodegradation of thermally synthesized
+                            polyaspartate". <i>J Environ Polym Degr</i>.
+                            <b>2</b> (4): 225–236.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                              >Bibcode</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994JEPD....2..225A"
+                              >1994JEPD....2..225A</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02071970"
+                              >10.1007/BF02071970</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=J+Environ+Polym+Degr&amp;rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+thermally+synthesized+polyaspartate&amp;rft.volume=2&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=225-236&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02071970&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994JEPD....2..225A&amp;rft.aulast=Alford&amp;rft.aufirst=DD&amp;rft.au=Wheeler%2C+AP&amp;rft.au=Pettigrew%2C+CA&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-26">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFKelling2001"
+                            class="citation book cs1"
+                            >Kelling K (2001).
+                            <i
+                              >Crop Responses to Amisorb in the North Central
+                              Region</i
+                            >. University of Wisconsin-Madison.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Crop+Responses+to+Amisorb+in+the+North+Central+Region&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin-Madison&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.aulast=Kelling&amp;rft.aufirst=K&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="cite_note-27">
+                        <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                          ><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span
+                        >
+                        <span class="reference-text"
+                          ><link
+                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                            id="CITEREFKozlowski2017"
+                            class="citation journal cs1"
+                            >Kozlowski LP (January 2017).
+                            <a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5210655"
+                              >"Proteome-pI: proteome isoelectric point
+                              database"</a
+                            >. <i>Nucleic Acids Research</i>. <b>45</b> (D1):
+                            D1112–D1116.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Doi (identifier)"
+                              >doi</a
+                            >:<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkw978"
+                              >10.1093/nar/gkw978</a
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMC (identifier)"
+                              >PMC</a
+                            >&#160;<span
+                              class="id-lock-free"
+                              title="Freely accessible"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5210655"
+                                >5210655</a
+                              ></span
+                            >.
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="PMID (identifier)"
+                              >PMID</a
+                            >&#160;<a
+                              rel="nofollow"
+                              class="external text"
+                              href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27789699"
+                              >27789699</a
+                            >.</cite
+                          ><span
+                            title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Proteome-pI%3A+proteome+isoelectric+point+database&amp;rft.volume=45&amp;rft.issue=D1&amp;rft.pages=D1112-D1116&amp;rft.date=2017-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5210655%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27789699&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkw978&amp;rft.aulast=Kozlowski&amp;rft.aufirst=LP&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5210655&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
+                            class="Z3988"
+                          ></span
+                        ></span>
+                      </li>
+                    </ol>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>
+                    <span class="mw-editsection"
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span
+                      ><a
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17"
+                        title="Edit section: External links"
+                        ><span>edit</span></a
+                      ><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/E4577DF4-03FE-4AF1-ADBF-FFE6D1D3A468.aspx"
+                        >GMD MS Spectrum</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <link
+                        rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                        href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                      /><cite
+                        id="CITEREFAmerican_Chemical_Society2010"
+                        class="citation web cs1"
+                        >American Chemical Society (21 April 2010).
+                        <a
+                          rel="nofollow"
+                          class="external text"
+                          href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100421121501.htm"
+                          >"Ancestral Eve' Crystal May Explain Origin of Life's
+                          Left-Handedness"</a
+                        >. <i>ScienceDaily</i>.
+                        <a
+                          rel="nofollow"
+                          class="external text"
+                          href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100423002752/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100421121501.htm"
+                          >Archived</a
+                        >
+                        from the original on 23 April 2010<span
+                          class="reference-accessdate"
+                          >. Retrieved
+                          <span class="nowrap">2010-04-21</span></span
+                        >.</cite
+                      ><span
+                        title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ScienceDaily&amp;rft.atitle=Ancestral+Eve%27+Crystal+May+Explain+Origin+of+Life%27s+Left-Handedness&amp;rft.date=2010-04-21&amp;rft.au=American+Chemical+Society&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2010%2F04%2F100421121501.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAspartic+acid"
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+                                <li class="nv-talk">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template_talk:Proteinogenic_amino_acids"
+                                    title="Template talk:Proteinogenic amino acids"
+                                    ><abbr title="Discuss this template"
+                                      >t</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-edit">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Proteinogenic_amino_acids"
+                                    title="Special:EditPage/Template:Proteinogenic amino acids"
+                                    ><abbr title="Edit this template"
+                                      >e</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                            <div
+                              id="Encoded_(proteinogenic)_amino_acids"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Proteinogenic_amino_acid"
+                                title="Proteinogenic amino acid"
+                                >Encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids</a
+                              >
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            General topics
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein"
+                                    >Protein</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide"
+                                    >Peptide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Genetic_code"
+                                    title="Genetic code"
+                                    >Genetic code</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                          <td
+                            class="noviewer navbox-image"
+                            rowspan="2"
+                            style="width: 1px; padding: 0 0 0 2px"
+                          >
+                            <div>
+                              <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/File:L-amino_acid_any.png"
+                                  class="mw-file-description"
+                                  ><img
+                                    src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/L-amino_acid_any.png/182px-L-amino_acid_any.png"
+                                    decoding="async"
+                                    width="182"
+                                    height="160"
+                                    class="mw-file-element"
+                                    srcset="
+                                      //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/L-amino_acid_any.png/273px-L-amino_acid_any.png 1.5x,
+                                      //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/L-amino_acid_any.png/364px-L-amino_acid_any.png 2x
+                                    "
+                                    data-file-width="728"
+                                    data-file-height="640" /></a
+                              ></span>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            By properties
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Aliphatic_compound"
+                                      title="Aliphatic compound"
+                                      >Aliphatic</a
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Branched-chain_amino_acid"
+                                            title="Branched-chain amino acid"
+                                            >Branched-chain amino acids</a
+                                          >
+                                          (<a href="/wiki/Valine" title="Valine"
+                                            >Valine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Isoleucine"
+                                            title="Isoleucine"
+                                            >Isoleucine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Leucine"
+                                            title="Leucine"
+                                            >Leucine</a
+                                          >)
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Methionine"
+                                            title="Methionine"
+                                            >Methionine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Alanine"
+                                            title="Alanine"
+                                            >Alanine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Proline"
+                                            title="Proline"
+                                            >Proline</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Glycine"
+                                            title="Glycine"
+                                            >Glycine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Aromatic_amino_acid"
+                                      title="Aromatic amino acid"
+                                      >Aromatic</a
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Histidine"
+                                            title="Histidine"
+                                            >Histidine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Tyrosine"
+                                            title="Tyrosine"
+                                            >Tyrosine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Tryptophan"
+                                            title="Tryptophan"
+                                            >Tryptophan</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Phenylalanine"
+                                            title="Phenylalanine"
+                                            >Phenylalanine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Chemical_polarity"
+                                      title="Chemical polarity"
+                                      >Polar</a
+                                    >, uncharged
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Asparagine"
+                                            title="Asparagine"
+                                            >Asparagine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Glutamine"
+                                            title="Glutamine"
+                                            >Glutamine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine"
+                                            >Serine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Threonine"
+                                            title="Threonine"
+                                            >Threonine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                  >
+                                    Positive charge (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>)
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine"
+                                            >Lysine</a
+                                          >
+                                          (≈10.8)
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Arginine"
+                                            title="Arginine"
+                                            >Arginine</a
+                                          >
+                                          (≈12.5)
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Histidine"
+                                            title="Histidine"
+                                            >Histidine</a
+                                          >
+                                          (≈6.1)
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Pyrrolysine"
+                                            title="Pyrrolysine"
+                                            >Pyrrolysine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                  >
+                                    Negative charge (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>)
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a class="mw-selflink selflink"
+                                            >Aspartic acid</a
+                                          >
+                                          (≈3.9)
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid"
+                                            title="Glutamic acid"
+                                            >Glutamic acid</a
+                                          >
+                                          (≈4.1)
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Selenocysteine"
+                                            title="Selenocysteine"
+                                            >Selenocysteine</a
+                                          >
+                                          (≈5.4)
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Cysteine"
+                                            title="Cysteine"
+                                            >Cysteine</a
+                                          >
+                                          (≈8.3)
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Tyrosine"
+                                            title="Tyrosine"
+                                            >Tyrosine</a
+                                          >
+                                          (≈10.1)
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3">
+                            <div>
+                              <div class="hlist" style="font-size: 88%">
+                                <ul>
+                                  <li>
+                                    <b
+                                      ><a
+                                        href="/wiki/Amino_acids"
+                                        class="mw-redirect"
+                                        title="Amino acids"
+                                        >Amino acids</a
+                                      >
+                                      types</b
+                                    >:
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Template:Encoded_amino_acids"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="Template:Encoded amino acids"
+                                      >Encoded (proteins)</a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li>
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Essential_amino_acids"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="Essential amino acids"
+                                      >Essential</a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li>
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Template:Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids"
+                                      title="Template:Non-proteinogenic amino acids"
+                                      >Non-proteinogenic</a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li>
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Ketogenic_amino_acids"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="Ketogenic amino acids"
+                                      >Ketogenic</a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li>
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Glucogenic_amino_acids"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="Glucogenic amino acids"
+                                      >Glucogenic</a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li>
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Secondary_amino_acid"
+                                      title="Secondary amino acid"
+                                      >Secondary amino</a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li>
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Imino_acid"
+                                      title="Imino acid"
+                                      >Imino acids</a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li>
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/D-amino_acids"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="D-amino acids"
+                                      >D-amino acids</a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li>
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Dehydroamino_acid"
+                                      title="Dehydroamino acid"
+                                      >Dehydroamino acids</a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                </ul>
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="navbox-styles">
+                    <link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <div
+                    role="navigation"
+                    class="navbox"
+                    aria-labelledby="Neurotransmitters"
+                    style="padding: 3px"
+                  >
+                    <table
+                      class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner"
+                      style="
+                        border-spacing: 0;
+                        background: transparent;
+                        color: inherit;
+                      "
+                    >
+                      <tbody>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="col"
+                            class="navbox-title"
+                            colspan="2"
+                            style="text-align: center"
+                          >
+                            <link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                            /><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"
+                            />
+                            <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li class="nv-view">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template:Neurotransmitters"
+                                    title="Template:Neurotransmitters"
+                                    ><abbr title="View this template"
+                                      >v</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-talk">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neurotransmitters"
+                                    title="Template talk:Neurotransmitters"
+                                    ><abbr title="Discuss this template"
+                                      >t</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-edit">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neurotransmitters"
+                                    title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neurotransmitters"
+                                    ><abbr title="Edit this template"
+                                      >e</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                            <div
+                              id="Neurotransmitters"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter"
+                                title="Neurotransmitter"
+                                >Neurotransmitters</a
+                              >
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="text-align: center; width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid"
+                              >Amino acid</a
+                            >-derived
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="
+                                      width: 1%;
+                                      font-weight: normal;
+                                      text-align: center;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    Major excitatory /<br />inhibitory systems
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="
+                                              width: 1%;
+                                              font-weight: normal;
+                                            "
+                                          >
+                                            Glutamate system
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Agmatine"
+                                                    title="Agmatine"
+                                                    >Agmatine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    class="mw-selflink selflink"
+                                                    >Aspartic acid
+                                                    (aspartate)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Glutamate_(neurotransmitter)"
+                                                    title="Glutamate (neurotransmitter)"
+                                                    >Glutamic acid
+                                                    (glutamate)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Glutathione"
+                                                    title="Glutathione"
+                                                    >Glutathione</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Glycine"
+                                                    title="Glycine"
+                                                    >Glycine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/S-Nitrosoglutathione"
+                                                    title="S-Nitrosoglutathione"
+                                                    >GSNO</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Oxidized_glutathione"
+                                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                                    title="Oxidized glutathione"
+                                                    >GSSG</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Kynurenic_acid"
+                                                    title="Kynurenic acid"
+                                                    >Kynurenic acid</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/N-Acetylaspartic_acid"
+                                                    title="N-Acetylaspartic acid"
+                                                    >NAA</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/N-Acetylaspartylglutamic_acid"
+                                                    title="N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid"
+                                                    >NAAG</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Proline"
+                                                    title="Proline"
+                                                    >Proline</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Serine"
+                                                    title="Serine"
+                                                    >Serine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="
+                                              width: 1%;
+                                              font-weight: normal;
+                                            "
+                                          >
+                                            GABA system
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid"
+                                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                                    title="Gamma-Aminobutyric acid"
+                                                    >GABA</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric_acid"
+                                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                                    title="Gamma-Amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid"
+                                                    >GABOB</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid"
+                                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                                    title="Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid"
+                                                    >GHB</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="
+                                              width: 1%;
+                                              font-weight: normal;
+                                            "
+                                          >
+                                            Glycine system
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Alanine"
+                                                    title="Alanine"
+                                                    >α-Alanine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/%CE%92-Alanine"
+                                                    title="Β-Alanine"
+                                                    >β-Alanine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Glycine"
+                                                    title="Glycine"
+                                                    >Glycine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Hypotaurine"
+                                                    title="Hypotaurine"
+                                                    >Hypotaurine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Proline"
+                                                    title="Proline"
+                                                    >Proline</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Sarcosine"
+                                                    title="Sarcosine"
+                                                    >Sarcosine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Serine"
+                                                    title="Serine"
+                                                    >Serine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Taurine"
+                                                    title="Taurine"
+                                                    >Taurine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="
+                                              width: 1%;
+                                              font-weight: normal;
+                                            "
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/GHB_receptor"
+                                              title="GHB receptor"
+                                              >GHB system</a
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid"
+                                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                                    title="Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid"
+                                                    >GHB</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/T-HCA"
+                                                    title="T-HCA"
+                                                    >T-HCA (GHC)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="
+                                      width: 1%;
+                                      font-weight: normal;
+                                      text-align: center;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Biogenic_amine"
+                                      title="Biogenic amine"
+                                      >Biogenic amines</a
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="
+                                              width: 4em;
+                                              font-weight: normal;
+                                              text-align: center;
+                                            "
+                                          >
+                                            Monoamines
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/6-Hydroxymelatonin"
+                                                    title="6-Hydroxymelatonin"
+                                                    >6-OHM</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Dopamine"
+                                                    title="Dopamine"
+                                                    >Dopamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Adrenaline"
+                                                    title="Adrenaline"
+                                                    >Epinephrine (adrenaline)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/N-Acetylserotonin"
+                                                    title="N-Acetylserotonin"
+                                                    >NAS (normelatonin)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Norepinephrine"
+                                                    title="Norepinephrine"
+                                                    >Norepinephrine
+                                                    (noradrenaline)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Serotonin"
+                                                    title="Serotonin"
+                                                    >Serotonin (5-HT)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="
+                                              width: 4em;
+                                              font-weight: normal;
+                                              text-align: center;
+                                            "
+                                          >
+                                            Trace amines
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/3-Iodothyronamine"
+                                                    title="3-Iodothyronamine"
+                                                    >3-Iodothyronamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/N-Methylphenethylamine"
+                                                    title="N-Methylphenethylamine"
+                                                    >N-Methylphenethylamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/N-Methyltryptamine"
+                                                    title="N-Methyltryptamine"
+                                                    >N-Methyltryptamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Norfenefrine"
+                                                    title="Norfenefrine"
+                                                    ><i>m</i>-Octopamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Octopamine"
+                                                    title="Octopamine"
+                                                    ><i>p</i>-Octopamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Phenylethanolamine"
+                                                    title="Phenylethanolamine"
+                                                    >Phenylethanolamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Phenethylamine"
+                                                    title="Phenethylamine"
+                                                    >Phenethylamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Synephrine"
+                                                    title="Synephrine"
+                                                    >Synephrine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Tryptamine"
+                                                    title="Tryptamine"
+                                                    >Tryptamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Meta-Tyramine"
+                                                    title="Meta-Tyramine"
+                                                    ><i>m</i>-Tyramine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Tyramine"
+                                                    title="Tyramine"
+                                                    ><i>p</i>-Tyramine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="
+                                              width: 4em;
+                                              font-weight: normal;
+                                              text-align: center;
+                                            "
+                                          >
+                                            Others
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Histamine"
+                                                    title="Histamine"
+                                                    >Histamine</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="
+                                      width: 1%;
+                                      font-weight: normal;
+                                      text-align: center;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Neuropeptide"
+                                      title="Neuropeptide"
+                                      >Neuropeptides</a
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <td
+                                            colspan="2"
+                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  See
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Template:Neuropeptides"
+                                                    title="Template:Neuropeptides"
+                                                    >here</a
+                                                  >
+                                                  instead.
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="text-align: center; width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">Lipid</a
+                            >-derived
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    id="Endocannabinoids"
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="
+                                      width: 1%;
+                                      font-weight: normal;
+                                      text-align: center;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    Endocannabinoids
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/2-Arachidonoylglycerol"
+                                            title="2-Arachidonoylglycerol"
+                                            >2-AG</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/2-Arachidonyl_glyceryl_ether"
+                                            title="2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether"
+                                            >2-AGE (noladin ether)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=2-Arachidonoyl_lysophosphatidylinositol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="2-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidylinositol (page does not exist)"
+                                            >2-ALPI</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/2-Oleoylglycerol"
+                                            title="2-Oleoylglycerol"
+                                            >2-OG</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Arachidonoyl_serotonin"
+                                            title="Arachidonoyl serotonin"
+                                            >AA-5-HT</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Anandamide"
+                                            title="Anandamide"
+                                            >Anandamide (AEA)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Docosatetraenoylethanolamide"
+                                            title="Docosatetraenoylethanolamide"
+                                            >DEA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidylinositol"
+                                            title="Lysophosphatidylinositol"
+                                            >LPI</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine"
+                                            title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine"
+                                            >NADA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/N-Arachidonylglycine"
+                                            title="N-Arachidonylglycine"
+                                            >NAGly</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide"
+                                            title="Oleoylethanolamide"
+                                            >OEA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Oleamide"
+                                            title="Oleamide"
+                                            >Oleamide</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Palmitoylethanolamide"
+                                            title="Palmitoylethanolamide"
+                                            >PEA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/RVD-Hp%CE%B1"
+                                            title="RVD-Hpα"
+                                            >RVD-Hpα</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Stearoylethanolamide"
+                                            title="Stearoylethanolamide"
+                                            >SEA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Virodhamine"
+                                            title="Virodhamine"
+                                            >Virodhamine (O-AEA)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="
+                                      width: 1%;
+                                      font-weight: normal;
+                                      text-align: center;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Neurosteroid"
+                                      title="Neurosteroid"
+                                      >Neurosteroids</a
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <td
+                                            colspan="2"
+                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  See
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Template:Steroid_hormones"
+                                                    title="Template:Steroid hormones"
+                                                    >here</a
+                                                  >
+                                                  instead.
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="text-align: center; width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Nucleobase"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Nucleobase"
+                              >Nucleobase</a
+                            >-derived
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    id="Nucleosides"
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="
+                                      width: 1%;
+                                      font-weight: normal;
+                                      text-align: center;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    Nucleosides
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            id="Adenosine_system"
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="
+                                              width: 1%;
+                                              font-weight: normal;
+                                              text-align: center;
+                                            "
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Adenosine"
+                                              title="Adenosine"
+                                              >Adenosine</a
+                                            >
+                                            system
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate"
+                                                    title="Adenosine diphosphate"
+                                                    >ADP</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate"
+                                                    title="Adenosine monophosphate"
+                                                    >AMP</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate"
+                                                    title="Adenosine triphosphate"
+                                                    >ATP</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="text-align: center; width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamin</a
+                            >-derived
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            ></table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="text-align: center; width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            Miscellaneous
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    id="Cholinergic_system"
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="
+                                      width: 1%;
+                                      font-weight: normal;
+                                      text-align: center;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    Cholinergic system
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Acetylcholine"
+                                            title="Acetylcholine"
+                                            >Acetylcholine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    id="Gasotransmitters"
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="
+                                      width: 1%;
+                                      font-weight: normal;
+                                      text-align: center;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    Gasotransmitters
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide"
+                                            title="Carbon monoxide"
+                                            >Carbon monoxide (CO)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide"
+                                            title="Hydrogen sulfide"
+                                            >Hydrogen sulfide
+                                            (H<sub>2</sub>S)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide"
+                                            title="Nitric oxide"
+                                            >Nitric oxide (NO)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    id="Candidates"
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="
+                                      width: 1%;
+                                      font-weight: normal;
+                                      text-align: center;
+                                    "
+                                  >
+                                    Candidates
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde"
+                                            title="Acetaldehyde"
+                                            >Acetaldehyde</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Ammonia"
+                                            title="Ammonia"
+                                            >Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Carbonyl_sulfide"
+                                            title="Carbonyl sulfide"
+                                            >Carbonyl sulfide (COS)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide"
+                                            title="Nitrous oxide"
+                                            >Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide"
+                                            title="Sulfur dioxide"
+                                            >Sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="navbox-styles">
+                    <link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <div
+                    role="navigation"
+                    class="navbox"
+                    aria-labelledby="Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators"
+                    style="padding: 3px"
+                  >
+                    <table
+                      class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner"
+                      style="
+                        border-spacing: 0;
+                        background: transparent;
+                        color: inherit;
+                      "
+                    >
+                      <tbody>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">
+                            <link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                            /><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"
+                            />
+                            <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li class="nv-view">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template:Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators"
+                                    title="Template:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators"
+                                    ><abbr title="View this template"
+                                      >v</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-talk">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators"
+                                    title="Template talk:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators"
+                                    ><abbr title="Discuss this template"
+                                      >t</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-edit">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators"
+                                    title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators"
+                                    ><abbr title="Edit this template"
+                                      >e</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                            <div
+                              id="Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor"
+                                title="Ionotropic glutamate receptor"
+                                >Ionotropic glutamate receptor</a
+                              >
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator"
+                                title="Receptor modulator"
+                                >modulators</a
+                              >
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%; text-align: center"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/%CE%91-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic_acid_receptor"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="Α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor"
+                              ><abbr
+                                title="α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor"
+                                >AMPAR</abbr
+                              ></a
+                            ><span
+                              class="sr-only"
+                              style="
+                                border: 0;
+                                clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px);
+                                height: 1px;
+                                margin: -1px;
+                                overflow: hidden;
+                                padding: 0;
+                                position: absolute;
+                                width: 1px;
+                                white-space: nowrap;
+                              "
+                              >Tooltip
+                              α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic
+                              acid receptor</span
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <b>Agonists:</b> <i>Main site agonists:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/5-Fluorowillardiine"
+                                    title="5-Fluorowillardiine"
+                                    >5-Fluorowillardiine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Acromelic_acid_A"
+                                    title="Acromelic acid A"
+                                    >Acromelic acid (acromelate)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/AMPA" title="AMPA">AMPA</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92-N-Oxalylamino-L-Alanine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Β-N-Oxalylamino-L-Alanine (page does not exist)"
+                                    >BOAA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Domoic_acid"
+                                    title="Domoic acid"
+                                    >Domoic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Glutamate"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Glutamate"
+                                    >Glutamate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Ibotenic_acid"
+                                    title="Ibotenic acid"
+                                    >Ibotenic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline"
+                                    >Proline</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Quisqualic_acid"
+                                    title="Quisqualic acid"
+                                    >Quisqualic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Willardiine"
+                                    title="Willardiine"
+                                    >Willardiine</a
+                                  >; <i>Positive allosteric modulators:</i>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Aniracetam" title="Aniracetam"
+                                    >Aniracetam</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cyclothiazide"
+                                    title="Cyclothiazide"
+                                    >Cyclothiazide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/CX-516" title="CX-516"
+                                    >CX-516</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/CX-546" title="CX-546"
+                                    >CX-546</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/CX614" title="CX614">CX-614</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Farampator" title="Farampator"
+                                    >Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/CX717" title="CX717">CX-717</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/CX-1739"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="CX-1739"
+                                    >CX-1739</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=CX-1942&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="CX-1942 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >CX-1942</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Diazoxide" title="Diazoxide"
+                                    >Diazoxide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Hydrochlorothiazide"
+                                    title="Hydrochlorothiazide"
+                                    >Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/IDRA-21" title="IDRA-21"
+                                    >IDRA-21</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=LY-392098&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="LY-392098 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >LY-392098</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=LY-395153&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="LY-395153 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >LY-395153</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/LY-404187" title="LY-404187"
+                                    >LY-404187</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=LY-451646&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="LY-451646 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >LY-451646</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/LY-503430" title="LY-503430"
+                                    >LY-503430</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Mibampator" title="Mibampator"
+                                    >Mibampator (LY-451395)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Nooglutyl" title="Nooglutyl"
+                                    >Nooglutyl</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/ORG-26576" title="ORG-26576"
+                                    >ORG-26576</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Oxiracetam" title="Oxiracetam"
+                                    >Oxiracetam</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/PEPA_(drug)"
+                                    title="PEPA (drug)"
+                                    >PEPA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Pesampator" title="Pesampator"
+                                    >Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Piracetam" title="Piracetam"
+                                    >Piracetam</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Pramiracetam"
+                                    title="Pramiracetam"
+                                    >Pramiracetam</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/S-18986" title="S-18986"
+                                    >S-18986</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Tulrampator"
+                                    title="Tulrampator"
+                                    >Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <b>Antagonists:</b>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=ACEA-1011&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="ACEA-1011 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >ACEA-1011</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=ATPO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="ATPO (page does not exist)"
+                                    >ATPO</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Becampanel" title="Becampanel"
+                                    >Becampanel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Caroverine" title="Caroverine"
+                                    >Caroverine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/CNQX" title="CNQX">CNQX</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dasolampanel"
+                                    title="Dasolampanel"
+                                    >Dasolampanel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/DNQX" title="DNQX">DNQX</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Fanapanel" title="Fanapanel"
+                                    >Fanapanel (MPQX)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma-D-Glutamylaminomethylsulfonic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Gamma-D-Glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                    >GAMS</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Kaitocephalin"
+                                    title="Kaitocephalin"
+                                    >Kaitocephalin</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Kynurenic_acid"
+                                    title="Kynurenic acid"
+                                    >Kynurenic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Kynurenine" title="Kynurenine"
+                                    >Kynurenine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Licostinel" title="Licostinel"
+                                    >Licostinel (ACEA-1021)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/NBQX" title="NBQX">NBQX</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=PNQX&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="PNQX (page does not exist)"
+                                    >PNQX</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Selurampanel"
+                                    title="Selurampanel"
+                                    >Selurampanel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Tezampanel" title="Tezampanel"
+                                    >Tezampanel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Theanine" title="Theanine"
+                                    >Theanine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Topiramate" title="Topiramate"
+                                    >Topiramate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=YM90K&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="YM90K (page does not exist)"
+                                    >YM90K</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Zonampanel" title="Zonampanel"
+                                    >Zonampanel</a
+                                  >; <i>Negative allosteric modulators:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Barbiturates"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Barbiturates"
+                                    >Barbiturates</a
+                                  >
+                                  (e.g.,
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Pentobarbital"
+                                    title="Pentobarbital"
+                                    >pentobarbital</a
+                                  >,
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Sodium_thiopental"
+                                    title="Sodium thiopental"
+                                    >sodium thiopental</a
+                                  >)
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cyclopropane"
+                                    title="Cyclopropane"
+                                    >Cyclopropane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Enflurane" title="Enflurane"
+                                    >Enflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)"
+                                    title="Alcohol (drug)"
+                                    >Ethanol (alcohol)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Evans_blue_(dye)"
+                                    title="Evans blue (dye)"
+                                    >Evans blue</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/GYKI_52466" title="GYKI 52466"
+                                    >GYKI-52466</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=GYKI-53655&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="GYKI-53655 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >GYKI-53655</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Halothane" title="Halothane"
+                                    >Halothane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Irampanel" title="Irampanel"
+                                    >Irampanel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Isoflurane" title="Isoflurane"
+                                    >Isoflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Perampanel" title="Perampanel"
+                                    >Perampanel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate"
+                                    title="Pregnenolone sulfate"
+                                    >Pregnenolone sulfate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Sevoflurane"
+                                    title="Sevoflurane"
+                                    >Sevoflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Talampanel" title="Talampanel"
+                                    >Talampanel</a
+                                  >; <i>Unknown/unsorted antagonists:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Minocycline"
+                                    title="Minocycline"
+                                    >Minocycline</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%; text-align: center"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Kainate_receptor"
+                              title="Kainate receptor"
+                              ><abbr title="Kainate receptor">KAR</abbr></a
+                            ><span
+                              class="sr-only"
+                              style="
+                                border: 0;
+                                clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px);
+                                height: 1px;
+                                margin: -1px;
+                                overflow: hidden;
+                                padding: 0;
+                                position: absolute;
+                                width: 1px;
+                                white-space: nowrap;
+                              "
+                              >Tooltip Kainate receptor</span
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <b>Agonists:</b> <i>Main site agonists:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=5-Bromowillardiine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="5-Bromowillardiine (page does not exist)"
+                                    >5-Bromowillardiine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/5-Iodowillardiine"
+                                    title="5-Iodowillardiine"
+                                    >5-Iodowillardiine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Acromelic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Acromelic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Acromelic acid (acromelate)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/AMPA" title="AMPA">AMPA</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=ATPA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="ATPA (page does not exist)"
+                                    >ATPA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Domoic_acid"
+                                    title="Domoic acid"
+                                    >Domoic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Glutamate"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Glutamate"
+                                    >Glutamate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Ibotenic_acid"
+                                    title="Ibotenic acid"
+                                    >Ibotenic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Kainic_acid"
+                                    title="Kainic acid"
+                                    >Kainic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=LY-339434&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="LY-339434 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >LY-339434</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline"
+                                    >Proline</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Quisqualic_acid"
+                                    title="Quisqualic acid"
+                                    >Quisqualic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/SYM-2081" title="SYM-2081"
+                                    >SYM-2081</a
+                                  >; <i>Positive allosteric modulators:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cyclothiazide"
+                                    title="Cyclothiazide"
+                                    >Cyclothiazide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Diazoxide" title="Diazoxide"
+                                    >Diazoxide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Enflurane" title="Enflurane"
+                                    >Enflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Halothane" title="Halothane"
+                                    >Halothane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Isoflurane" title="Isoflurane"
+                                    >Isoflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <b>Antagonists:</b>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=ACEA-1011&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="ACEA-1011 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >ACEA-1011</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/CNQX" title="CNQX">CNQX</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dasolampanel"
+                                    title="Dasolampanel"
+                                    >Dasolampanel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/DNQX" title="DNQX">DNQX</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Gamma-D-Glutamylaminomethylsulfonic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Gamma-D-Glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                    >GAMS</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Kaitocephalin"
+                                    title="Kaitocephalin"
+                                    >Kaitocephalin</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Kynurenic_acid"
+                                    title="Kynurenic acid"
+                                    >Kynurenic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Licostinel" title="Licostinel"
+                                    >Licostinel (ACEA-1021)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=LY-382884&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="LY-382884 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >LY-382884</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/NBQX" title="NBQX">NBQX</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/NS102" title="NS102">NS102</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Selurampanel"
+                                    title="Selurampanel"
+                                    >Selurampanel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Tezampanel" title="Tezampanel"
+                                    >Tezampanel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Theanine" title="Theanine"
+                                    >Theanine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Topiramate" title="Topiramate"
+                                    >Topiramate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/UBP-302" title="UBP-302"
+                                    >UBP-302</a
+                                  >; <i>Negative allosteric modulators:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Barbiturates"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Barbiturates"
+                                    >Barbiturates</a
+                                  >
+                                  (e.g.,
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Pentobarbital"
+                                    title="Pentobarbital"
+                                    >pentobarbital</a
+                                  >,
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Sodium_thiopental"
+                                    title="Sodium thiopental"
+                                    >sodium thiopental</a
+                                  >)
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Enflurane" title="Enflurane"
+                                    >Enflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)"
+                                    title="Alcohol (drug)"
+                                    >Ethanol (alcohol)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Evans_blue_(dye)"
+                                    title="Evans blue (dye)"
+                                    >Evans blue</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=NS-3763&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="NS-3763 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >NS-3763</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate"
+                                    title="Pregnenolone sulfate"
+                                    >Pregnenolone sulfate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%; text-align: center"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/N-Methyl-D-aspartate_receptor"
+                              class="mw-redirect"
+                              title="N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor"
+                              ><abbr title="N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor"
+                                >NMDAR</abbr
+                              ></a
+                            ><span
+                              class="sr-only"
+                              style="
+                                border: 0;
+                                clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px);
+                                height: 1px;
+                                margin: -1px;
+                                overflow: hidden;
+                                padding: 0;
+                                position: absolute;
+                                width: 1px;
+                                white-space: nowrap;
+                              "
+                              >Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor</span
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <b>Agonists:</b> <i>Main site agonists:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=2-Amino-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)acetic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="2-Amino-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)acetic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                    >AMAA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Aspartate"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Aspartate"
+                                    >Aspartate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Glutamate"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Glutamate"
+                                    >Glutamate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Homocysteic_acid"
+                                    title="Homocysteic acid"
+                                    >Homocysteic acid (<small>L</small>-HCA)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Homoquinolinic_acid"
+                                    title="Homoquinolinic acid"
+                                    >Homoquinolinic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Ibotenic_acid"
+                                    title="Ibotenic acid"
+                                    >Ibotenic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/N-Methyl-D-aspartic_acid"
+                                    title="N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid"
+                                    >NMDA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline"
+                                    >Proline</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Quinolinic_acid"
+                                    title="Quinolinic acid"
+                                    >Quinolinic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Tetrazolylglycine"
+                                    title="Tetrazolylglycine"
+                                    >Tetrazolylglycine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Theanine" title="Theanine"
+                                    >Theanine</a
+                                  >; <i>Glycine site agonists:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92-Fluoro-D-alanine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Β-Fluoro-D-alanine (page does not exist)"
+                                    >β-Fluoro-<small>D</small>-alanine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=ACBD_(drug)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="ACBD (drug) (page does not exist)"
+                                    >ACBD</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic_acid"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid"
+                                    >ACC (ACPC)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/ACPD" title="ACPD">ACPD</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=AK-51_(drug)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="AK-51 (drug) (page does not exist)"
+                                    >AK-51</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Apimostinel"
+                                    title="Apimostinel"
+                                    >Apimostinel (NRX-1074)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/B6B21"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="B6B21"
+                                    >B6B21</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Carboxycyclopropylglycine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Carboxycyclopropylglycine (page does not exist)"
+                                    >CCG</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine"
+                                    ><small>D</small>-Alanine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cycloserine"
+                                    title="Cycloserine"
+                                    ><small>D</small>-Cycloserine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine"
+                                    ><small>D</small>-Serine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=N-(3,3-Diphenylpropyl)glycinamide&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="N-(3,3-Diphenylpropyl)glycinamide (page does not exist)"
+                                    >DHPG</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dimethylglycine"
+                                    title="Dimethylglycine"
+                                    >Dimethylglycine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine"
+                                    >Glycine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/HA-966" title="HA-966"
+                                    >HA-966</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=L-687414&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="L-687414 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >L-687414</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine"
+                                    ><small>L</small>-Alanine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine"
+                                    ><small>L</small>-Serine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Milacemide" title="Milacemide"
+                                    >Milacemide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Neboglamine"
+                                    title="Neboglamine"
+                                    >Neboglamine (nebostinel)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Rapastinel" title="Rapastinel"
+                                    >Rapastinel (GLYX-13)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Sarcosine" title="Sarcosine"
+                                    >Sarcosine</a
+                                  >; <i>Polyamine site agonists:</i>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Neomycin" title="Neomycin"
+                                    >Neomycin</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Spermidine" title="Spermidine"
+                                    >Spermidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Spermine" title="Spermine"
+                                    >Spermine</a
+                                  >;
+                                  <i>Other positive allosteric modulators:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/24S-Hydroxycholesterol"
+                                    title="24S-Hydroxycholesterol"
+                                    >24<i>S</i>-Hydroxycholesterol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone"
+                                    title="Dehydroepiandrosterone"
+                                    ><abbr title="Dehydroepiandrosterone"
+                                      >DHEA</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  ><span
+                                    class="sr-only"
+                                    style="
+                                      border: 0;
+                                      clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                      clip-path: polygon(
+                                        0px 0px,
+                                        0px 0px,
+                                        0px 0px
+                                      );
+                                      height: 1px;
+                                      margin: -1px;
+                                      overflow: hidden;
+                                      padding: 0;
+                                      position: absolute;
+                                      width: 1px;
+                                      white-space: nowrap;
+                                    "
+                                    >Tooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone</span
+                                  >
+                                  (<a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone"
+                                    >prasterone</a
+                                  >)
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate"
+                                    title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate"
+                                    ><abbr title="Dehydroepiandrosterone"
+                                      >DHEA</abbr
+                                    >
+                                    sulfate</a
+                                  >
+                                  (<a
+                                    href="/wiki/Prasterone_sulfate"
+                                    title="Prasterone sulfate"
+                                    >prasterone sulfate</a
+                                  >)
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Epipregnanolone_sulfate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Epipregnanolone sulfate (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Epipregnanolone sulfate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Plazinemdor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Plazinemdor (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Plazinemdor</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate"
+                                    title="Pregnenolone sulfate"
+                                    >Pregnenolone sulfate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=SAGE-201&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="SAGE-201 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >SAGE-201</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=SAGE-301&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="SAGE-301 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >SAGE-301</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/SAGE-718"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="SAGE-718"
+                                    >SAGE-718</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <b>Antagonists:</b>
+                                  <i>Competitive antagonists:</i>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/AP5" title="AP5">AP5 (APV)</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/AP-7_(drug)"
+                                    title="AP-7 (drug)"
+                                    >AP7</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/CGP-37849" title="CGP-37849"
+                                    >CGP-37849</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/CGP-39551" title="CGP-39551"
+                                    >CGP-39551</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-39653&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="CGP-39653 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >CGP-39653</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-40116&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="CGP-40116 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >CGP-40116</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/CGS-19755"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="CGS-19755"
+                                    >CGS-19755</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                    >CPP</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Kaitocephalin"
+                                    title="Kaitocephalin"
+                                    >Kaitocephalin</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=LY-233053&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="LY-233053 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >LY-233053</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/LY-235959" title="LY-235959"
+                                    >LY-235959</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=LY-274614&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="LY-274614 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >LY-274614</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=MDL-100453&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="MDL-100453 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >MDL-100453</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Midafotel" title="Midafotel"
+                                    >Midafotel (d-CPPene)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=NPC-12626&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="NPC-12626 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >NPC-12626</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=NPC-17742&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="NPC-17742 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >NPC-17742</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=PBPD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="PBPD (page does not exist)"
+                                    >PBPD</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/PEAQX" title="PEAQX">PEAQX</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Perzinfotel"
+                                    title="Perzinfotel"
+                                    >Perzinfotel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Cis-1-(phenanthrene-2-carbonyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Cis-1-(phenanthrene-2-carbonyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                    >PPDA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=SDZ-220581&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="SDZ-220581 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >SDZ-220581</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Selfotel" title="Selfotel"
+                                    >Selfotel</a
+                                  >; <i>Glycine site antagonists:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/4-Chlorokynurenine"
+                                    title="4-Chlorokynurenine"
+                                    >4-Cl-KYN (AV-101)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/5,7-Dichlorokynurenic_acid"
+                                    title="5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid"
+                                    >5,7-DCKA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/7-Chlorokynurenic_acid"
+                                    title="7-Chlorokynurenic acid"
+                                    >7-CKA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic_acid"
+                                    title="1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid"
+                                    >ACC</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=ACEA-1011&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="ACEA-1011 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >ACEA-1011</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=ACEA-1328&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="ACEA-1328 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >ACEA-1328</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Apimostinel"
+                                    title="Apimostinel"
+                                    >Apimostinel (NRX-1074)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/AV-101"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="AV-101"
+                                    >AV-101</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Carisoprodol"
+                                    title="Carisoprodol"
+                                    >Carisoprodol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=CGP-39653&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="CGP-39653 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >CGP-39653</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/CNQX" title="CNQX">CNQX</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cycloserine"
+                                    title="Cycloserine"
+                                    ><small>D</small>-Cycloserine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/DNQX" title="DNQX">DNQX</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Felbamate" title="Felbamate"
+                                    >Felbamate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Gavestinel" title="Gavestinel"
+                                    >Gavestinel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=GV-196771&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="GV-196771 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >GV-196771</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Harkoseride&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Harkoseride (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Harkoseride</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Kynurenic_acid"
+                                    title="Kynurenic acid"
+                                    >Kynurenic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Kynurenine" title="Kynurenine"
+                                    >Kynurenine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=L-689560&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="L-689560 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >L-689560</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/L-701324" title="L-701324"
+                                    >L-701324</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Licostinel" title="Licostinel"
+                                    >Licostinel (ACEA-1021)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=LU-73068&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="LU-73068 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >LU-73068</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=MDL-105519&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="MDL-105519 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >MDL-105519</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Meprobamate"
+                                    title="Meprobamate"
+                                    >Meprobamate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=MRZ_2/576&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="MRZ 2/576 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >MRZ 2/576</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=PNQX&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="PNQX (page does not exist)"
+                                    >PNQX</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Rapastinel" title="Rapastinel"
+                                    >Rapastinel (GLYX-13)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/ZD-9379" title="ZD-9379"
+                                    >ZD-9379</a
+                                  >; <i>Polyamine site antagonists:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Arcaine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Arcaine (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Arcaine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Co_101676&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Co 101676 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Co 101676</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/1,3-Diaminopropane"
+                                    title="1,3-Diaminopropane"
+                                    >Diaminopropane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Diethylenetriamine"
+                                    title="Diethylenetriamine"
+                                    >Diethylenetriamine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Huperzine_A"
+                                    title="Huperzine A"
+                                    >Huperzine A</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Putrescine" title="Putrescine"
+                                    >Putrescine</a
+                                  >;
+                                  <i
+                                    >Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly
+                                    dizocilpine site):</i
+                                  >
+                                  <a href="/wiki/2-MDP" title="2-MDP">2-MDP</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/3-HO-PCP" title="3-HO-PCP"
+                                    >3-HO-PCP</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/3-MeO-PCE" title="3-MeO-PCE"
+                                    >3-MeO-PCE</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/3-MeO-PCMo" title="3-MeO-PCMo"
+                                    >3-MeO-PCMo</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/3-MeO-PCP" title="3-MeO-PCP"
+                                    >3-MeO-PCP</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/4-MeO-PCP" title="4-MeO-PCP"
+                                    >4-MeO-PCP</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/8a-Phenyldecahydroquinoline"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="8a-Phenyldecahydroquinoline"
+                                    >8A-PDHQ</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/18-Methoxycoronaridine"
+                                    title="18-Methoxycoronaridine"
+                                    >18-MC</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Alpha-Endopsychosin"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Alpha-Endopsychosin"
+                                    >α-Endopsychosin</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Alaproclate"
+                                    title="Alaproclate"
+                                    >Alaproclate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Alazocine" title="Alazocine"
+                                    >Alazocine (SKF-10047)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Amantadine" title="Amantadine"
+                                    >Amantadine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Aptiganel" title="Aptiganel"
+                                    >Aptiganel</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Argiotoxin-636&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Argiotoxin-636 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Argiotoxin-636</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Arketamine" title="Arketamine"
+                                    >Arketamine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=ARL-12495&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="ARL-12495 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >ARL-12495</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/ARL-15896-AR"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="ARL-15896-AR"
+                                    >ARL-15896-AR</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/ARL-16247"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="ARL-16247"
+                                    >ARL-16247</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Budipine" title="Budipine"
+                                    >Budipine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Coronaridine"
+                                    title="Coronaridine"
+                                    >Coronaridine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Delucemine" title="Delucemine"
+                                    >Delucemine (NPS-1506)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Dexoxadrol" title="Dexoxadrol"
+                                    >Dexoxadrol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dextrallorphan"
+                                    title="Dextrallorphan"
+                                    >Dextrallorphan</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dextromethadone"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Dextromethadone"
+                                    >Dextromethadone</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan"
+                                    title="Dextromethorphan"
+                                    >Dextromethorphan</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dextrorphan"
+                                    title="Dextrorphan"
+                                    >Dextrorphan</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dieticyclidine"
+                                    title="Dieticyclidine"
+                                    >Dieticyclidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Diphenidine"
+                                    title="Diphenidine"
+                                    >Diphenidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dizocilpine"
+                                    title="Dizocilpine"
+                                    >Dizocilpine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Ephenidine" title="Ephenidine"
+                                    >Ephenidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Esketamine" title="Esketamine"
+                                    >Esketamine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Etoxadrol" title="Etoxadrol"
+                                    >Etoxadrol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Eticyclidine"
+                                    title="Eticyclidine"
+                                    >Eticyclidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Fluorolintane"
+                                    title="Fluorolintane"
+                                    >Fluorolintane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Gacyclidine"
+                                    title="Gacyclidine"
+                                    >Gacyclidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine"
+                                    >Ibogaine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Ibogamine" title="Ibogamine"
+                                    >Ibogamine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Indantadol" title="Indantadol"
+                                    >Indantadol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Ketamine" title="Ketamine"
+                                    >Ketamine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Ketobemidone"
+                                    title="Ketobemidone"
+                                    >Ketobemidone</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Lanicemine" title="Lanicemine"
+                                    >Lanicemine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Levomethadone"
+                                    title="Levomethadone"
+                                    >Levomethadone</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Levomethorphan"
+                                    title="Levomethorphan"
+                                    >Levomethorphan</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Levomilnacipran"
+                                    title="Levomilnacipran"
+                                    >Levomilnacipran</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Levorphanol"
+                                    title="Levorphanol"
+                                    >Levorphanol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Loperamide" title="Loperamide"
+                                    >Loperamide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Memantine" title="Memantine"
+                                    >Memantine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone"
+                                    >Methadone</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Methorphan" title="Methorphan"
+                                    >Methorphan</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Methoxetamine"
+                                    title="Methoxetamine"
+                                    >Methoxetamine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Methoxphenidine"
+                                    title="Methoxphenidine"
+                                    >Methoxphenidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Milnacipran"
+                                    title="Milnacipran"
+                                    >Milnacipran</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Morphanol"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Morphanol"
+                                    >Morphanol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/NEFA_(drug)"
+                                    title="NEFA (drug)"
+                                    >NEFA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Neramexane" title="Neramexane"
+                                    >Neramexane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Nitromemantine"
+                                    title="Nitromemantine"
+                                    >Nitromemantine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Noribogaine"
+                                    title="Noribogaine"
+                                    >Noribogaine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Norketamine"
+                                    title="Norketamine"
+                                    >Norketamine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Orphenadrine"
+                                    title="Orphenadrine"
+                                    >Orphenadrine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/PCPr" title="PCPr">PCPr</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/PD-137889" title="PD-137889"
+                                    >PD-137889</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Pethidine" title="Pethidine"
+                                    >Pethidine (meperidine)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Phencyclamine"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Phencyclamine"
+                                    >Phencyclamine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Phencyclidine"
+                                    title="Phencyclidine"
+                                    >Phencyclidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Propoxyphene"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Propoxyphene"
+                                    >Propoxyphene</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Remacemide" title="Remacemide"
+                                    >Remacemide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Rhynchophylline"
+                                    title="Rhynchophylline"
+                                    >Rhynchophylline</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Rimantadine"
+                                    title="Rimantadine"
+                                    >Rimantadine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Rolicyclidine"
+                                    title="Rolicyclidine"
+                                    >Rolicyclidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Sabeluzole" title="Sabeluzole"
+                                    >Sabeluzole</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Tabernanthine"
+                                    title="Tabernanthine"
+                                    >Tabernanthine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Tenocyclidine"
+                                    title="Tenocyclidine"
+                                    >Tenocyclidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Tiletamine" title="Tiletamine"
+                                    >Tiletamine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol"
+                                    >Tramadol</a
+                                  >; <i>Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists:</i>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Besonprodil"
+                                    title="Besonprodil"
+                                    >Besonprodil</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Buphenine" title="Buphenine"
+                                    >Buphenine (nylidrin)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=CO-101244&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="CO-101244 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >CO-101244 (PD-174494)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Eliprodil" title="Eliprodil"
+                                    >Eliprodil</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Haloperidol"
+                                    title="Haloperidol"
+                                    >Haloperidol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Isoxsuprine"
+                                    title="Isoxsuprine"
+                                    >Isoxsuprine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Radiprodil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Radiprodil (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Radiprodil (RGH-896)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Rislenemdaz"
+                                    title="Rislenemdaz"
+                                    >Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_8-4304&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Ro 8-4304 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Ro 8-4304</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_25-6981&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Ro 25-6981 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Ro 25-6981</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Safaprodil"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Safaprodil"
+                                    >Safaprodil</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Traxoprodil"
+                                    title="Traxoprodil"
+                                    >Traxoprodil (CP-101606)</a
+                                  >; <i>NR2A-selective antagonists:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=MPX-004&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="MPX-004 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >MPX-004</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=MPX-007&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="MPX-007 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >MPX-007</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=TCN-201&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="TCN-201 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >TCN-201</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=TCN-213&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="TCN-213 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >TCN-213</a
+                                  >; <i>Cations:</i>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen"
+                                    >Hydrogen</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"
+                                    >Magnesium</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a>;
+                                  <i>Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related:</i>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene"
+                                    >Benzene</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Butane" title="Butane"
+                                    >Butane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" title="Chloroform"
+                                    >Chloroform</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cyclopropane"
+                                    title="Cyclopropane"
+                                    >Cyclopropane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Desflurane" title="Desflurane"
+                                    >Desflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether"
+                                    title="Diethyl ether"
+                                    >Diethyl ether</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Enflurane" title="Enflurane"
+                                    >Enflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)"
+                                    title="Alcohol (drug)"
+                                    >Ethanol (alcohol)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Halothane" title="Halothane"
+                                    >Halothane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Hexanol" title="Hexanol"
+                                    >Hexanol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Isoflurane" title="Isoflurane"
+                                    >Isoflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Methoxyflurane"
+                                    title="Methoxyflurane"
+                                    >Methoxyflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide"
+                                    title="Nitrous oxide"
+                                    >Nitrous oxide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Octanol" title="Octanol"
+                                    >Octanol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Sevoflurane"
+                                    title="Sevoflurane"
+                                    >Sevoflurane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene"
+                                    >Toluene</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/1,1,1-Trichloroethane"
+                                    title="1,1,1-Trichloroethane"
+                                    >Trichloroethane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/2,2,2-Trichloroethanol"
+                                    title="2,2,2-Trichloroethanol"
+                                    >Trichloroethanol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Trichloroethylene"
+                                    title="Trichloroethylene"
+                                    >Trichloroethylene</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Ethyl_carbamate"
+                                    title="Ethyl carbamate"
+                                    >Urethane</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Xylene" title="Xylene"
+                                    >Xylene</a
+                                  >; <i>Unknown/unsorted antagonists:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=ARR-15896&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="ARR-15896 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >ARR-15896</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Bumetanide" title="Bumetanide"
+                                    >Bumetanide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Caroverine" title="Caroverine"
+                                    >Caroverine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Conantokin" title="Conantokin"
+                                    >Conantokin</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/D-%CE%B1-Aminoadipate"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="D-α-Aminoadipate"
+                                    ><small>D</small>-αAA</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dexanabinol"
+                                    title="Dexanabinol"
+                                    >Dexanabinol</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid"
+                                    title="Flufenamic acid"
+                                    >Flufenamic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Flupirtine" title="Flupirtine"
+                                    >Flupirtine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=FPL-12495&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="FPL-12495 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >FPL-12495</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=FR-115427&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="FR-115427 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >FR-115427</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Furosemide" title="Furosemide"
+                                    >Furosemide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Hodgkinsine"
+                                    title="Hodgkinsine"
+                                    >Hodgkinsine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=Ipenoxazone&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="Ipenoxazone (page does not exist)"
+                                    >Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976)</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/w/index.php?title=MDL-27266&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                    class="new"
+                                    title="MDL-27266 (page does not exist)"
+                                    >MDL-27266</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Metaphit" title="Metaphit"
+                                    >Metaphit</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Minocycline"
+                                    title="Minocycline"
+                                    >Minocycline</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine"
+                                    title="2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine"
+                                    >MPEP</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid"
+                                    title="Niflumic acid"
+                                    >Niflumic acid</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Pentamidine"
+                                    title="Pentamidine"
+                                    >Pentamidine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Pentamidine_isethionate"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Pentamidine isethionate"
+                                    >Pentamidine isethionate</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Piretanide" title="Piretanide"
+                                    >Piretanide</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Psychotridine"
+                                    title="Psychotridine"
+                                    >Psychotridine</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Transcrocetin"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="Transcrocetin"
+                                    >Transcrocetin</a
+                                  >
+                                  (<a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron"
+                                    >saffron</a
+                                  >)
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <b>Unsorted:</b>
+                                  <i>Allosteric modulators:</i>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/AGN-241751"
+                                    class="mw-redirect"
+                                    title="AGN-241751"
+                                    >AGN-241751</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
+                            <div>
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <i
+                                    ><b>See also:</b>
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators"
+                                      title="Template:Receptor modulators"
+                                      >Receptor/signaling modulators</a
+                                    ></i
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <i
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Template:Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators"
+                                      title="Template:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators"
+                                      >Metabotropic glutamate receptor
+                                      modulators</a
+                                    ></i
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <i
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Template:Glutamate_metabolism_and_transport_modulators"
+                                      title="Template:Glutamate metabolism and transport modulators"
+                                      >Glutamate metabolism/transport
+                                      modulators</a
+                                    ></i
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="navbox-styles">
+                    <link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <div
+                    role="navigation"
+                    class="navbox"
+                    aria-labelledby="Glutamate_metabolism_and_transport_modulators"
+                    style="padding: 3px"
+                  >
+                    <table
+                      class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner"
+                      style="
+                        border-spacing: 0;
+                        background: transparent;
+                        color: inherit;
+                      "
+                    >
+                      <tbody>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">
+                            <link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                            /><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"
+                            />
+                            <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li class="nv-view">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template:Glutamate_metabolism_and_transport_modulators"
+                                    title="Template:Glutamate metabolism and transport modulators"
+                                    ><abbr title="View this template"
+                                      >v</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-talk">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template_talk:Glutamate_metabolism_and_transport_modulators"
+                                    title="Template talk:Glutamate metabolism and transport modulators"
+                                    ><abbr title="Discuss this template"
+                                      >t</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-edit">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Glutamate_metabolism_and_transport_modulators"
+                                    title="Special:EditPage/Template:Glutamate metabolism and transport modulators"
+                                    ><abbr title="Edit this template"
+                                      >e</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                            <div
+                              id="Glutamate_metabolism_and_transport_modulators"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Glutamate"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Glutamate"
+                                >Glutamate</a
+                              >
+                              <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism"
+                                >metabolism</a
+                              >
+                              and
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Glutamate_transporter"
+                                title="Glutamate transporter"
+                                >transport</a
+                              >
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)"
+                                title="Ligand (biochemistry)"
+                                >modulators</a
+                              >
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%; text-align: center"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter_transporter"
+                              title="Neurotransmitter transporter"
+                              >Transporter</a
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 4em; text-align: center"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Excitatory_amino_acid_transporters"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="Excitatory amino acid transporters"
+                                      ><abbr
+                                        title="Excitatory amino acid transporters"
+                                        >EAATs</abbr
+                                      ></a
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="sr-only"
+                                      style="
+                                        border: 0;
+                                        clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                        clip-path: polygon(
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px
+                                        );
+                                        height: 1px;
+                                        margin: -1px;
+                                        overflow: hidden;
+                                        padding: 0;
+                                        position: absolute;
+                                        width: 1px;
+                                        white-space: nowrap;
+                                      "
+                                      >Tooltip Excitatory amino acid
+                                      transporters</span
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Amphetamine"
+                                            title="Amphetamine"
+                                            >Amphetamine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a class="mw-selflink selflink"
+                                            >Aspartic acid (aspartate)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Cis-1-Aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Cis-1-Aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            ><i>cis</i>-ACBD</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Dihydrokainic_acid"
+                                            title="Dihydrokainic acid"
+                                            >DHKA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid"
+                                            title="Glutamic acid"
+                                            >Glutamic acid (glutamate)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=3-Hydroxy-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pyrrolo(3,4-d)isoxazole-4-carboxylic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="3-Hydroxy-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pyrrolo(3,4-d)isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >HIP-A</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=3-Hydroxy-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pyrrolo(3,4-d)isoxazole-6-carboxylic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="3-Hydroxy-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pyrrolo(3,4-d)isoxazole-6-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >HIP-B</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Kainic_acid"
+                                            title="Kainic acid"
+                                            >Kainic acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/3-Hydroxyaspartic_acid"
+                                            title="3-Hydroxyaspartic acid"
+                                            ><small>L</small
+                                            >-(-)-<i>threo</i>-3-Hydroxyaspartic
+                                            acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/L-%CE%B1-Aminoadipate"
+                                            class="mw-redirect"
+                                            title="L-α-Aminoadipate"
+                                            ><small>L</small>-αAA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=(2S,1%27S,2%27R)-2-(Carboxycyclopropyl)glycine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="(2S,1&#39;S,2&#39;R)-2-(Carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (page does not exist)"
+                                            ><small>L</small>-CCG-III
+                                            ((2S,3S,4R)-CCG)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=L-Serine-O-sulphate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="L-Serine-O-sulphate (page does not exist)"
+                                            ><small>L</small>-Serine-O-sulphate
+                                            (SOS)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=L-trans-Pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="L-trans-Pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            ><small>L</small
+                                            >-<i>trans</i>-2,4-PDC</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=L-anti-endo-3,4-Methanopyrrolidinedicarboxylic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="L-anti-endo-3,4-Methanopyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >MPDC</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Maslinic_acid"
+                                            title="Maslinic acid"
+                                            >Maslinic acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/SYM-2081"
+                                            title="SYM-2081"
+                                            >SYM-2081</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Threo-%CE%B2-Benzyloxyaspartic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Threo-β-Benzyloxyaspartic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >TBOA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=TFB-TBOA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="TFB-TBOA (page does not exist)"
+                                            >TFB-TBOA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Theanine"
+                                            title="Theanine"
+                                            >Theanine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Threo-3-Methylglutamic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Threo-3-Methylglutamic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            ><i>threo</i>-3-Methylglutamic
+                                            acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=UCPH-101&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="UCPH-101 (page does not exist)"
+                                            >UCPH-101</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/WAY-213,613"
+                                            title="WAY-213,613"
+                                            >WAY-213,613</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 4em; text-align: center"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Vesicular_glutamate_transporters"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="Vesicular glutamate transporters"
+                                      ><abbr
+                                        title="Vesicular glutamate transporters"
+                                        >vGluTs</abbr
+                                      ></a
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="sr-only"
+                                      style="
+                                        border: 0;
+                                        clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                        clip-path: polygon(
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px
+                                        );
+                                        height: 1px;
+                                        margin: -1px;
+                                        overflow: hidden;
+                                        padding: 0;
+                                        position: absolute;
+                                        width: 1px;
+                                        white-space: nowrap;
+                                      "
+                                      >Tooltip Vesicular glutamate
+                                      transporters</span
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=4-Methylene-L-glutamate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="4-Methylene-L-glutamate (page does not exist)"
+                                            >4-Methylene-<small>L</small>-glutamate</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=6-(4%27-Phenylstyryl)-quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="6-(4&#39;-Phenylstyryl)-quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >6-(4'-Phenylstyryl)-QDC</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=6-Biphenyl-4-yl-quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="6-Biphenyl-4-yl-quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >6-Biphenyl-4-yl-QDC</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/7-Chlorokynurenic_acid"
+                                            title="7-Chlorokynurenic acid"
+                                            >7-CKA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Acid_red_114&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Acid red 114 (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Acid red 114</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Amido_black_10B"
+                                            title="Amido black 10B"
+                                            >Amido black 10B (naphthol blue
+                                            black)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Bafilomycin_A1"
+                                            class="mw-redirect"
+                                            title="Bafilomycin A1"
+                                            >Bafilomycin A1</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Benzopurpurin_4B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Benzopurpurin 4B (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Benzopurpurin 4B</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Bumetamide&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Bumetamide (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Bumetamide</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Chicago_sky_blue_6B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Chicago sky blue 6B (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Chicago sky blue 6B</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a class="mw-selflink selflink"
+                                            >Aspartic acid (aspartate)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a href="/wiki/DIDS" title="DIDS"
+                                            >DIDS</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Direct_blue_71&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Direct blue 71 (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Direct blue 71</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Erythro-4-methyl-L-glutamic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Erythro-4-methyl-L-glutamic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Erythro-4-methyl-<small>L</small>-glutamic
+                                            acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Evans_blue_(dye)"
+                                            title="Evans blue (dye)"
+                                            >Evans blue</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Furosemide"
+                                            title="Furosemide"
+                                            >Furosemide</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid"
+                                            title="Glutamic acid"
+                                            >Glutamic acid (glutamate)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Kynurenic_acid"
+                                            title="Kynurenic acid"
+                                            >Kynurenic acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Nigericin"
+                                            title="Nigericin"
+                                            >Nigericin</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >NPPB (N144)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Ponceau_SS&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Ponceau SS (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Ponceau SS</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Reactive_blue_2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Reactive blue 2 (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Reactive blue 2</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Rose_bengal"
+                                            title="Rose bengal"
+                                            >Rose bengal</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=4,4%27-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2%27-disulfonic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="4,4&#39;-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2&#39;-disulfonic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >SITS</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            ><i>trans</i>-ACDP</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Trypan_blue"
+                                            title="Trypan blue"
+                                            >Trypan blue</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Valinomycin"
+                                            title="Valinomycin"
+                                            >Valinomycin</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Xanthurenic_acid"
+                                            title="Xanthurenic acid"
+                                            >Xanthurenic acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%; text-align: center"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a>
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 4em; text-align: center"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Glutamine_aminohydrolase_(glutaminase)"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="Glutamine aminohydrolase (glutaminase)"
+                                      ><abbr
+                                        title="Glutamine aminohydrolase (glutaminase)"
+                                        >GAH</abbr
+                                      ></a
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="sr-only"
+                                      style="
+                                        border: 0;
+                                        clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                        clip-path: polygon(
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px
+                                        );
+                                        height: 1px;
+                                        margin: -1px;
+                                        overflow: hidden;
+                                        padding: 0;
+                                        position: absolute;
+                                        width: 1px;
+                                        white-space: nowrap;
+                                      "
+                                      >Tooltip Glutamine aminohydrolase
+                                      (glutaminase)</span
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=BPTES&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="BPTES (page does not exist)"
+                                            >BPTES</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=CB-839&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="CB-839 (page does not exist)"
+                                            >CB-839</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine"
+                                            title="6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine"
+                                            >DON</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 4em; text-align: center"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Aspartate_aminotransferase"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="Aspartate aminotransferase"
+                                      ><abbr title="Aspartate aminotransferase"
+                                        >AST</abbr
+                                      ></a
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="sr-only"
+                                      style="
+                                        border: 0;
+                                        clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                        clip-path: polygon(
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px
+                                        );
+                                        height: 1px;
+                                        margin: -1px;
+                                        overflow: hidden;
+                                        padding: 0;
+                                        position: absolute;
+                                        width: 1px;
+                                        white-space: nowrap;
+                                      "
+                                      >Tooltip Aspartate aminotransferase</span
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=2-Amino-3-butenoic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="2-Amino-3-butenoic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >2-Amino-3-butenoic acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Aminooxyacetic_acid"
+                                            title="Aminooxyacetic acid"
+                                            >AAOA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=L-2-Amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic_acid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="L-2-Amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid (page does not exist)"
+                                            >AMB</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92-DL-Methylene-aspartate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Β-DL-Methylene-aspartate (page does not exist)"
+                                            >β-<span style="font-size: 85%"
+                                              >DL</span
+                                            >-Methylene-aspartate</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrazinosuccinate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Hydrazinosuccinate (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Hydrazinosuccinate</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 4em; text-align: center"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Alanine_aminotransferase"
+                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                      title="Alanine aminotransferase"
+                                      ><abbr title="Alanine aminotransferase"
+                                        >ALT</abbr
+                                      ></a
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="sr-only"
+                                      style="
+                                        border: 0;
+                                        clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                        clip-path: polygon(
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px
+                                        );
+                                        height: 1px;
+                                        margin: -1px;
+                                        overflow: hidden;
+                                        padding: 0;
+                                        position: absolute;
+                                        width: 1px;
+                                        white-space: nowrap;
+                                      "
+                                      >Tooltip Alanine aminotransferase</span
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92-Chloro-L-alanine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Β-Chloro-L-alanine (page does not exist)"
+                                            >β-Chloro-<span
+                                              style="font-size: 85%"
+                                              >L</span
+                                            >-alanine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/L-Cycloserine"
+                                            class="mw-redirect"
+                                            title="L-Cycloserine"
+                                            ><span style="font-size: 85%"
+                                              >L</span
+                                            >-Cycloserine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Propargylglycine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Propargylglycine (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Propargylglycine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 4em; text-align: center"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Glutamate_dehydrogenase"
+                                      title="Glutamate dehydrogenase"
+                                      ><abbr title="Glutamate dehydrogenase"
+                                        >GDH</abbr
+                                      ></a
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="sr-only"
+                                      style="
+                                        border: 0;
+                                        clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                        clip-path: polygon(
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px
+                                        );
+                                        height: 1px;
+                                        margin: -1px;
+                                        overflow: hidden;
+                                        padding: 0;
+                                        position: absolute;
+                                        width: 1px;
+                                        white-space: nowrap;
+                                      "
+                                      >Tooltip Glutamate dehydrogenase</span
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Aminooxyacetic_acid"
+                                            title="Aminooxyacetic acid"
+                                            >AAOA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Bithionol"
+                                            title="Bithionol"
+                                            >Bithionol</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Chloroquine"
+                                            title="Chloroquine"
+                                            >Chloroquine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin-3-gallate"
+                                            class="mw-redirect"
+                                            title="Epigallocatechin-3-gallate"
+                                            >EGCG</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Guanosine-5%27-triphosphate"
+                                            class="mw-redirect"
+                                            title="Guanosine-5&#39;-triphosphate"
+                                            >GTP</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=GW5074&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="GW5074 (page does not exist)"
+                                            >GW5074</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Hexachlorophene"
+                                            title="Hexachlorophene"
+                                            >Hexachlorophene</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Hydroxylamine"
+                                            title="Hydroxylamine"
+                                            >Hydroxylamine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=Palmitoyl-coenzyme_A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="Palmitoyl-coenzyme A (page does not exist)"
+                                            >Palmitoyl-CoA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Pyridoxal_phosphate"
+                                            title="Pyridoxal phosphate"
+                                            >Pyridoxal phosphate</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 4em; text-align: center"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Glutamine_synthetase"
+                                      title="Glutamine synthetase"
+                                      ><abbr title="Glutamine synthetase"
+                                        >GS</abbr
+                                      ></a
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="sr-only"
+                                      style="
+                                        border: 0;
+                                        clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                        clip-path: polygon(
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px
+                                        );
+                                        height: 1px;
+                                        margin: -1px;
+                                        overflow: hidden;
+                                        padding: 0;
+                                        position: absolute;
+                                        width: 1px;
+                                        white-space: nowrap;
+                                      "
+                                      >Tooltip Glutamine synthetase</span
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/2-Aminoadipic_acid"
+                                            class="mw-redirect"
+                                            title="2-Aminoadipic acid"
+                                            >2-Aminoadipic acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/w/index.php?title=JFD01307SC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                            class="new"
+                                            title="JFD01307SC (page does not exist)"
+                                            >JFD01307SC</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Methionine_sulfoximine"
+                                            title="Methionine sulfoximine"
+                                            >Methionine sulfoximine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Phosphinothricin"
+                                            class="mw-redirect"
+                                            title="Phosphinothricin"
+                                            >Phosphinothricin (glufosinate)</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 4em; text-align: center"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Glutamate_decarboxylase"
+                                      title="Glutamate decarboxylase"
+                                      ><abbr title="Glutamate decarboxylase"
+                                        >GAD</abbr
+                                      ></a
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="sr-only"
+                                      style="
+                                        border: 0;
+                                        clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+                                        clip-path: polygon(
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px,
+                                          0px 0px
+                                        );
+                                        height: 1px;
+                                        margin: -1px;
+                                        overflow: hidden;
+                                        padding: 0;
+                                        position: absolute;
+                                        width: 1px;
+                                        white-space: nowrap;
+                                      "
+                                      >Tooltip Glutamate decarboxylase</span
+                                    >
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/3-Mercaptopropionic_acid"
+                                            title="3-Mercaptopropionic acid"
+                                            >3-Mercaptopropionic acid</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Aminooxyacetic_acid"
+                                            title="Aminooxyacetic acid"
+                                            >AAOA</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/L-Allylglycine"
+                                            class="mw-redirect"
+                                            title="L-Allylglycine"
+                                            ><small>L</small>-Allylglycine</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Semicarbazide"
+                                            title="Semicarbazide"
+                                            >Semicarbazide</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
+                            <div>
+                              <i
+                                ><b>See also:</b>
+                                <a
+                                  href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators"
+                                  title="Template:Receptor modulators"
+                                  >Receptor/signaling modulators</a
+                                >
+                                •
+                                <a
+                                  href="/wiki/Template:Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators"
+                                  title="Template:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators"
+                                  >Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators</a
+                                >
+                                •
+                                <a
+                                  href="/wiki/Template:Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor_modulators"
+                                  title="Template:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators"
+                                  >Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators</a
+                                >
+                                •
+                                <a
+                                  href="/wiki/Template:GABA_metabolism_and_transport_modulators"
+                                  title="Template:GABA metabolism and transport modulators"
+                                  >GABA metabolism and transport modulators</a
+                                ></i
+                              >
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="navbox-styles">
+                    <link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                    /><link
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+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"
+                    />
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+                    role="navigation"
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+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control"
+                              title="Help:Authority control"
+                              >Authority control databases</a
+                            >: National
+                            <span
+                              class="mw-valign-text-top noprint"
+                              typeof="mw:File/Frameless"
+                              ><a
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+                                title="Edit this at Wikidata"
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+                                  alt="Edit this at Wikidata"
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+                                  decoding="async"
+                                  width="10"
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+                                    //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                    //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x
+                                  "
+                                  data-file-width="20"
+                                  data-file-height="20" /></a
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+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><a
+                                      rel="nofollow"
+                                      class="external text"
+                                      href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4211533-4"
+                                      >Germany</a
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><a
+                                      rel="nofollow"
+                                      class="external text"
+                                      href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85008689"
+                                      >United States</a
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><a
+                                      rel="nofollow"
+                                      class="external text"
+                                      href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007295758805171"
+                                      >Israel</a
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
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+                <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">
+                  Retrieved from "<a
+                    dir="ltr"
+                    href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;oldid=1255925836"
+                    >https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aspartic_acid&amp;oldid=1255925836</a
+                  >"
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface">
+                <div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks">
+                  <a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category"
+                    >Categories</a
+                  >:
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Aspartic_acids"
+                        title="Category:Aspartic acids"
+                        >Aspartic acids</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Glucogenic_amino_acids"
+                        title="Category:Glucogenic amino acids"
+                        >Glucogenic amino acids</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Excitatory_amino_acids"
+                        title="Category:Excitatory amino acids"
+                        >Excitatory amino acids</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Urea_cycle"
+                        title="Category:Urea cycle"
+                        >Urea cycle</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:NMDA_receptor_agonists"
+                        title="Category:NMDA receptor agonists"
+                        >NMDA receptor agonists</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
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+                  <ul>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)"
+                        title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)"
+                        >CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value"
+                        title="Category:CS1: long volume value"
+                        >CS1: long volume value</a
+                      >
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+                        href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description"
+                        title="Category:Articles with short description"
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+                        href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata"
+                        title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata"
+                        >Short description is different from Wikidata</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_articles_with_multiple_compound_IDs"
+                        title="Category:Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs"
+                        >Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Chemicals_using_indexlabels"
+                        title="Category:Chemicals using indexlabels"
+                        >Chemicals using indexlabels</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_articles_with_multiple_CAS_registry_numbers"
+                        title="Category:Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers"
+                        >Chemical articles with multiple CAS registry numbers</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_articles_with_multiple_PubChem_CIDs"
+                        title="Category:Chemical articles with multiple PubChem CIDs"
+                        >Chemical articles with multiple PubChem CIDs</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_articles_with_multiple_ChEBIs"
+                        title="Category:Chemical articles with multiple ChEBIs"
+                        >Chemical articles with multiple ChEBIs</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Articles_without_InChI_source"
+                        title="Category:Articles without InChI source"
+                        >Articles without InChI source</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_articles_having_Jmol_set"
+                        title="Category:Chemical articles having Jmol set"
+                        >Chemical articles having Jmol set</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_articles_having_Jmol_set/None"
+                        title="Category:Chemical articles having Jmol set/None"
+                        >Chemical articles having Jmol set/None</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:ECHA_InfoCard_ID_from_Wikidata"
+                        title="Category:ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata"
+                        >ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_articles_having_a_data_page"
+                        title="Category:Chemical articles having a data page"
+                        >Chemical articles having a data page</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_unverified_chemical_infoboxes"
+                        title="Category:Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes"
+                        >Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Chembox_image_size_set"
+                        title="Category:Chembox image size set"
+                        >Chembox image size set</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata"
+                        title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata"
+                        >Short description matches Wikidata</a
+                      >
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+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements"
+                        title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements"
+                        >All articles with unsourced statements</a
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+                        href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2021"
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+                        >Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021</a
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+                        href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_January_2021"
+                        title="Category:Articles needing additional references from January 2021"
+                        >Articles needing additional references from January
+                        2021</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
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+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references"
+                        title="Category:All articles needing additional references"
+                        >All articles needing additional references</a
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+                " 10.10%  168.118      1 Template:Amino_acids",
+                "  9.64%  160.502     17 Template:Main_other",
+              ],
+            },
+            scribunto: {
+              "limitreport-timeusage": { value: "0.620", limit: "10.000" },
+              "limitreport-memusage": { value: 11078787, limit: 52428800 },
+            },
+            cachereport: {
+              origin: "mw-web.eqiad.main-5484c6d78d-jsg8d",
+              timestamp: "20241111165940",
+              ttl: 2592000,
+              transientcontent: false,
+            },
+          },
+        });
+      });
+    </script>
+    <script type="application/ld+json">
+      {
+        "@context": "https:\/\/schema.org",
+        "@type": "Article",
+        "name": "Aspartic acid",
+        "url": "https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aspartic_acid",
+        "sameAs": "http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q178450",
+        "mainEntity": "http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q178450",
+        "author": {
+          "@type": "Organization",
+          "name": "Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
+        },
+        "publisher": {
+          "@type": "Organization",
+          "name": "Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.",
+          "logo": {
+            "@type": "ImageObject",
+            "url": "https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"
+          }
+        },
+        "datePublished": "2002-07-22T21:50:37Z",
+        "dateModified": "2024-11-07T08:58:08Z",
+        "image": "https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/ce\/L-Asparagins%C3%A4ure_-_L-Aspartic_acid.svg",
+        "headline": "chemical compound"
+      }
+    </script>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Cat.html b/test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Cat.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5adbdc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-samples/wiki/en-wikipedia-org_wiki_Cat.html
@@ -0,0 +1,40103 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html
+  class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available"
+  lang="en"
+  dir="ltr"
+>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <title>Cat - Wikipedia</title>
+    <script>
+      (function () {
+        var className =
+          "client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";
+        var cookie = document.cookie.match(
+          /(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/
+        );
+        if (cookie) {
+          cookie[1].split("%2C").forEach(function (pref) {
+            className = className.replace(
+              new RegExp(
+                "(^| )" +
+                  pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g, "") +
+                  "-clientpref-\\w+( |$)"
+              ),
+              "$1" + pref + "$2"
+            );
+          });
+        }
+        document.documentElement.className = className;
+      })();
+      RLCONF = {
+        wgBreakFrames: false,
+        wgSeparatorTransformTable: ["", ""],
+        wgDigitTransformTable: ["", ""],
+        wgDefaultDateFormat: "dmy",
+        wgMonthNames: [
+          "",
+          "January",
+          "February",
+          "March",
+          "April",
+          "May",
+          "June",
+          "July",
+          "August",
+          "September",
+          "October",
+          "November",
+          "December",
+        ],
+        wgRequestId: "ce90d9db-7855-451a-a91e-19825f515c4d",
+        wgCanonicalNamespace: "",
+        wgCanonicalSpecialPageName: false,
+        wgNamespaceNumber: 0,
+        wgPageName: "Cat",
+        wgTitle: "Cat",
+        wgCurRevisionId: 1256722250,
+        wgRevisionId: 1256722250,
+        wgArticleId: 6678,
+        wgIsArticle: true,
+        wgIsRedirect: false,
+        wgAction: "view",
+        wgUserName: null,
+        wgUserGroups: ["*"],
+        wgCategories: [
+          "CS1 Latin-language sources (la)",
+          "CS1 French-language sources (fr)",
+          "CS1: long volume value",
+          "CS1 German-language sources (de)",
+          "CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024",
+          "Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2014",
+          "CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)",
+          "CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)",
+          "CS1 Brazilian Portuguese-language sources (pt-br)",
+          "Articles with short description",
+          "Short description is different from Wikidata",
+          "Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages",
+          "Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages",
+          "Good articles",
+          "Use American English from October 2024",
+          "All Wikipedia articles written in American English",
+          "Use dmy dates from October 2024",
+          "Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images",
+          "Articles with 'species' microformats",
+          "Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017",
+          "All articles containing potentially dated statements",
+          "Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020",
+          "Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021",
+          "Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text",
+          "Articles containing Latin-language text",
+          "Articles with text in Nubian languages",
+          "Articles containing Northern Sami-language text",
+          "Articles containing Hungarian-language text",
+          "Articles containing uncoded-language text",
+          "Articles containing Dutch-language text",
+          "Articles containing Low German-language text",
+          "Articles containing Swedish-language text",
+          "Articles containing Norwegian-language text",
+          "Articles containing Lithuanian-language text",
+          "Articles containing Irish-language text",
+          "Articles with hAudio microformats",
+          "Listen template using plain parameter",
+          "Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text",
+          "Articles containing Japanese-language text",
+          "Spoken articles",
+          "Commons link from Wikidata",
+          "Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference",
+          "Taxonbars desynced from Wikidata",
+          "Taxonbars on possible non-taxon pages",
+          "Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs",
+          "Articles containing video clips",
+          "Domesticated animals",
+          "Cats",
+          "English words",
+          "Mammals described in 1758",
+          "Animal models",
+          "Felis",
+          "Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus",
+          "Cosmopolitan mammals",
+        ],
+        wgPageViewLanguage: "en",
+        wgPageContentLanguage: "en",
+        wgPageContentModel: "wikitext",
+        wgRelevantPageName: "Cat",
+        wgRelevantArticleId: 6678,
+        wgIsProbablyEditable: false,
+        wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable: false,
+        wgRestrictionEdit: ["autoconfirmed"],
+        wgRestrictionMove: ["sysop"],
+        wgNoticeProject: "wikipedia",
+        wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive: false,
+        wgFlaggedRevsParams: { tags: { status: { levels: 1 } } },
+        wgMediaViewerOnClick: true,
+        wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault: true,
+        wgPopupsFlags: 0,
+        wgVisualEditor: {
+          pageLanguageCode: "en",
+          pageLanguageDir: "ltr",
+          pageVariantFallbacks: "en",
+        },
+        wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions: {
+          search: true,
+          watchlist: true,
+          tagline: false,
+          nearby: true,
+        },
+        wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample: false,
+        wgWMEPageLength: 200000,
+        wgRelatedArticlesCompat: [],
+        wgCentralAuthMobileDomain: false,
+        wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish: true,
+        wgULSPosition: "interlanguage",
+        wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled: false,
+        wgVector2022LanguageInHeader: true,
+        wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty: false,
+        wgWikibaseItemId: "Q146",
+        wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi: [
+          "architecture",
+          "bitness",
+          "brands",
+          "fullVersionList",
+          "mobile",
+          "model",
+          "platform",
+          "platformVersion",
+        ],
+        GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics: true,
+        wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled: false,
+        wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled: false,
+        wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser: false,
+      };
+      RLSTATE = {
+        "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready",
+        "site.styles": "ready",
+        "user.styles": "ready",
+        "ext.globalCssJs.user": "ready",
+        user: "ready",
+        "user.options": "loading",
+        "ext.cite.styles": "ready",
+        "mediawiki.page.gallery.styles": "ready",
+        "ext.tmh.player.styles": "ready",
+        "skins.vector.search.codex.styles": "ready",
+        "skins.vector.styles": "ready",
+        "skins.vector.icons": "ready",
+        "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles": "ready",
+        "ext.wikimediamessages.styles": "ready",
+        "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript": "ready",
+        "ext.uls.interlanguage": "ready",
+        "wikibase.client.init": "ready",
+        "ext.wikimediaBadges": "ready",
+      };
+      RLPAGEMODULES = [
+        "ext.cite.ux-enhancements",
+        "mediawiki.page.gallery",
+        "mediawiki.page.media",
+        "ext.tmh.player",
+        "ext.scribunto.logs",
+        "site",
+        "mediawiki.page.ready",
+        "jquery.makeCollapsible",
+        "mediawiki.toc",
+        "skins.vector.js",
+        "ext.centralNotice.geoIP",
+        "ext.centralNotice.startUp",
+        "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips",
+        "ext.gadget.switcher",
+        "ext.urlShortener.toolbar",
+        "ext.centralauth.centralautologin",
+        "mmv.bootstrap",
+        "ext.popups",
+        "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init",
+        "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader",
+        "ext.echo.centralauth",
+        "ext.eventLogging",
+        "ext.wikimediaEvents",
+        "ext.navigationTiming",
+        "ext.uls.interface",
+        "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns",
+        "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions",
+        "wikibase.client.vector-2022",
+        "ext.checkUser.clientHints",
+        "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession",
+        "wikibase.sidebar.tracking",
+      ];
+    </script>
+    <script>
+      (RLQ = window.RLQ || []).push(function () {
+        mw.loader.impl(function () {
+          return [
+            "user.options@12s5i",
+            function ($, jQuery, require, module) {
+              mw.user.tokens.set({
+                patrolToken: "+\\",
+                watchToken: "+\\",
+                csrfToken: "+\\",
+              });
+            },
+          ];
+        });
+      });
+    </script>
+    <link
+      rel="stylesheet"
+      href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"
+    />
+    <script
+      async=""
+      src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"
+    ></script>
+    <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="" />
+    <link
+      rel="stylesheet"
+      href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"
+    />
+    <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.2" />
+    <meta name="referrer" content="origin" />
+    <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin" />
+    <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard" />
+    <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />
+    <meta
+      property="og:image"
+      content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cat_August_2010-4.jpg/1200px-Cat_August_2010-4.jpg"
+    />
+    <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
+    <meta property="og:image:height" content="734" />
+    <meta
+      property="og:image"
+      content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cat_August_2010-4.jpg/800px-Cat_August_2010-4.jpg"
+    />
+    <meta property="og:image:width" content="800" />
+    <meta property="og:image:height" content="489" />
+    <meta
+      property="og:image"
+      content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Cat_August_2010-4.jpg/640px-Cat_August_2010-4.jpg"
+    />
+    <meta property="og:image:width" content="640" />
+    <meta property="og:image:height" content="391" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120" />
+    <meta property="og:title" content="Cat - Wikipedia" />
+    <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
+    <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org" />
+    <link
+      rel="alternate"
+      media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)"
+      href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat"
+    />
+    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png" />
+    <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico" />
+    <link
+      rel="search"
+      type="application/opensearchdescription+xml"
+      href="/w/rest.php/v1/search"
+      title="Wikipedia (en)"
+    />
+    <link
+      rel="EditURI"
+      type="application/rsd+xml"
+      href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"
+    />
+    <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat" />
+    <link
+      rel="license"
+      href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"
+    />
+    <link
+      rel="alternate"
+      type="application/atom+xml"
+      title="Wikipedia Atom feed"
+      href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"
+    />
+    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
+    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org" />
+  </head>
+  <body
+    class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Cat rootpage-Cat skin-vector-2022 action-view"
+  >
+    <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a>
+    <div class="vector-header-container">
+      <header class="vector-header mw-header">
+        <div class="vector-header-start">
+          <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site">
+            <div
+              id="vector-main-menu-dropdown"
+              class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right"
+            >
+              <input
+                type="checkbox"
+                id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox"
+                role="button"
+                aria-haspopup="true"
+                data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown"
+                class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                aria-label="Main menu"
+              />
+              <label
+                id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label"
+                for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox"
+                class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only"
+                aria-hidden="true"
+                ><span
+                  class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"
+                ></span>
+
+                <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span>
+              </label>
+              <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                <div
+                  id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container"
+                  class="vector-unpinned-container"
+                >
+                  <div
+                    id="vector-main-menu"
+                    class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"
+                  >
+                    <div
+                      class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned"
+                      data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned"
+                      data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu"
+                      data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container"
+                      data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container"
+                    >
+                      <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div>
+                      <button
+                        class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button"
+                        data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin"
+                      >
+                        move to sidebar
+                      </button>
+                      <button
+                        class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button"
+                        data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin"
+                      >
+                        hide
+                      </button>
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div
+                      id="p-navigation"
+                      class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation"
+                    >
+                      <div class="vector-menu-heading">Navigation</div>
+                      <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                        <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                          <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Main_Page"
+                              title="Visit the main page [z]"
+                              accesskey="z"
+                              ><span>Main page</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents"
+                              title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"
+                              ><span>Contents</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events"
+                              title="Articles related to current events"
+                              ><span>Current events</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Special:Random"
+                              title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]"
+                              accesskey="x"
+                              ><span>Random article</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"
+                              title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"
+                              ><span>About Wikipedia</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"
+                              title="How to contact Wikipedia"
+                              ><span>Contact us</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                        </ul>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div
+                      id="p-interaction"
+                      class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction"
+                    >
+                      <div class="vector-menu-heading">Contribute</div>
+                      <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                        <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                          <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Help:Contents"
+                              title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"
+                              ><span>Help</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Help:Introduction"
+                              title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"
+                              ><span>Learn to edit</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal"
+                              title="The hub for editors"
+                              ><span>Community portal</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges"
+                              title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]"
+                              accesskey="r"
+                              ><span>Recent changes</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard"
+                              title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"
+                              ><span>Upload file</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                        </ul>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </nav>
+
+          <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo">
+            <img
+              class="mw-logo-icon"
+              src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png"
+              alt=""
+              aria-hidden="true"
+              height="50"
+              width="50"
+            />
+            <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert">
+              <img
+                class="mw-logo-wordmark"
+                alt="Wikipedia"
+                src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg"
+                style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em"
+              />
+              <img
+                class="mw-logo-tagline"
+                alt="The Free Encyclopedia"
+                src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg"
+                width="117"
+                height="13"
+                style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em"
+              />
+            </span>
+          </a>
+        </div>
+        <div class="vector-header-end">
+          <div
+            id="p-search"
+            role="search"
+            class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"
+          >
+            <a
+              href="/wiki/Special:Search"
+              class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle"
+              title="Search Wikipedia [f]"
+              accesskey="f"
+              ><span
+                class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"
+              ></span>
+
+              <span>Search</span>
+            </a>
+            <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container">
+              <div
+                class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"
+              >
+                <form
+                  action="/w/index.php"
+                  id="searchform"
+                  class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"
+                >
+                  <div
+                    id="simpleSearch"
+                    class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper"
+                    data-search-loc="header-moved"
+                  >
+                    <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon">
+                      <input
+                        class="cdx-text-input__input"
+                        type="search"
+                        name="search"
+                        placeholder="Search Wikipedia"
+                        aria-label="Search Wikipedia"
+                        autocapitalize="sentences"
+                        title="Search Wikipedia [f]"
+                        accesskey="f"
+                        id="searchInput"
+                      />
+                      <span
+                        class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"
+                      ></span>
+                    </div>
+                    <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search" />
+                  </div>
+                  <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">
+                    Search
+                  </button>
+                </form>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+          <nav
+            class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide"
+            aria-label="Personal tools"
+          >
+            <div class="vector-user-links-main">
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance">
+                <div
+                  id="vector-appearance-dropdown"
+                  class="vector-dropdown"
+                  title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color"
+                >
+                  <input
+                    type="checkbox"
+                    id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox"
+                    role="button"
+                    aria-haspopup="true"
+                    data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                    aria-label="Appearance"
+                  />
+                  <label
+                    id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label"
+                    for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only"
+                    aria-hidden="true"
+                    ><span
+                      class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"
+                    ></span>
+
+                    <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span>
+                  </label>
+                  <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                    <div
+                      id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container"
+                      class="vector-unpinned-container"
+                    ></div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </nav>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow"
+                class="vector-menu mw-portlet"
+              >
+                <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                  <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                    <li
+                      id="pt-sitesupport-2"
+                      class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        data-mw="interface"
+                        href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"
+                        class=""
+                        ><span>Donate</span></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="pt-createaccount-2"
+                      class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        data-mw="interface"
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Cat"
+                        title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"
+                        class=""
+                        ><span>Create account</span></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="pt-login-2"
+                      class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        data-mw="interface"
+                        href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Cat"
+                        title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]"
+                        accesskey="o"
+                        class=""
+                        ><span>Log in</span></a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div
+              id="vector-user-links-dropdown"
+              class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out"
+              title="Log in and more options"
+            >
+              <input
+                type="checkbox"
+                id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox"
+                role="button"
+                aria-haspopup="true"
+                data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown"
+                class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                aria-label="Personal tools"
+              />
+              <label
+                id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label"
+                for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox"
+                class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only"
+                aria-hidden="true"
+                ><span
+                  class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"
+                ></span>
+
+                <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span>
+              </label>
+              <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                <div
+                  id="p-personal"
+                  class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item"
+                  title="User menu"
+                >
+                  <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                    <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                      <li
+                        id="pt-sitesupport"
+                        class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"
+                          ><span>Donate</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        id="pt-createaccount"
+                        class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Cat"
+                          title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"
+                          ><span
+                            class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"
+                          ></span>
+                          <span>Create account</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        id="pt-login"
+                        class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Cat"
+                          title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]"
+                          accesskey="o"
+                          ><span
+                            class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"
+                          ></span>
+                          <span>Log in</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                <div
+                  id="p-user-menu-anon-editor"
+                  class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor"
+                >
+                  <div class="vector-menu-heading">
+                    Pages for logged out editors
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Help:Introduction"
+                      aria-label="Learn more about editing"
+                      ><span>learn more</span></a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                    <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                      <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions"
+                          title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]"
+                          accesskey="y"
+                          ><span>Contributions</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk"
+                          title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]"
+                          accesskey="n"
+                          ><span>Talk</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          </nav>
+        </div>
+      </header>
+    </div>
+    <div class="mw-page-container">
+      <div class="mw-page-container-inner">
+        <div class="vector-sitenotice-container">
+          <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="vector-column-start">
+          <div class="vector-main-menu-container">
+            <div id="mw-navigation">
+              <nav
+                id="mw-panel"
+                class="vector-main-menu-landmark"
+                aria-label="Site"
+              >
+                <div
+                  id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container"
+                  class="vector-pinned-container"
+                ></div>
+              </nav>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container">
+            <nav
+              id="mw-panel-toc"
+              aria-label="Contents"
+              data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc"
+              class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"
+            >
+              <div
+                id="vector-toc-pinned-container"
+                class="vector-pinned-container"
+              >
+                <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element">
+                  <div
+                    class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned"
+                    data-feature-name="toc-pinned"
+                    data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc"
+                  >
+                    <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
+                    <button
+                      class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button"
+                      data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin"
+                    >
+                      move to sidebar
+                    </button>
+                    <button
+                      class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button"
+                      data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin"
+                    >
+                      hide
+                    </button>
+                  </div>
+
+                  <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list">
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-mw-content-text"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
+                      </a>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Etymology_and_naming"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_naming">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>
+                          <span>Etymology and naming</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Etymology_and_naming-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Taxonomy"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>
+                          <span>Taxonomy</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Evolution"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>
+                          <span>Evolution</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Evolution-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Evolution subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Domestication"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestication">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span>
+                              <span>Domestication</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Domestication-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Characteristics"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>
+                          <span>Characteristics</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Characteristics-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      >
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Size"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span>
+                              <span>Size</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Size-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Skeleton"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skeleton">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span>
+                              <span>Skeleton</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Skeleton-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Skull"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skull">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span>
+                              <span>Skull</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Skull-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Claws"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claws">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span>
+                              <span>Claws</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Claws-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Ambulation"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambulation">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span>
+                              <span>Ambulation</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Ambulation-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Balance"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balance">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span>
+                              <span>Balance</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Balance-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Coats"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coats">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span>
+                              <span>Coats</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Coats-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Senses"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senses">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>
+                          <span>Senses</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Senses-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Senses subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul id="toc-Senses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Vision"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vision">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span>
+                              <span>Vision</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Vision-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Hearing"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hearing">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span>
+                              <span>Hearing</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Hearing-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Smell"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smell">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span>
+                              <span>Smell</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Smell-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Taste"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taste">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span>
+                              <span>Taste</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Taste-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Whiskers"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whiskers">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span>
+                              <span>Whiskers</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Whiskers-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Behavior"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>
+                          <span>Behavior</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Behavior-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Behavior subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Sociability"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sociability">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span>
+                              <span>Sociability</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Sociability-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Communication"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span>
+                              <span>Communication</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Communication-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Grooming"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grooming">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span>
+                              <span>Grooming</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Grooming-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Fighting"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span>
+                              <span>Fighting</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Fighting-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Hunting_and_feeding"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            class="vector-toc-link"
+                            href="#Hunting_and_feeding"
+                          >
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span>
+                              <span>Hunting and feeding</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Hunting_and_feeding-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Play"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Play">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span>
+                              <span>Play</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Play-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Reproduction"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span>
+                              <span>Reproduction</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Reproduction-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Lifespan_and_health"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lifespan_and_health">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>
+                          <span>Lifespan and health</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Lifespan_and_health-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Lifespan and health subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Lifespan_and_health-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      >
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Disease"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disease">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span>
+                              <span>Disease</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Disease-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Ecology"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>
+                          <span>Ecology</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Ecology-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Ecology subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Habitats"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitats">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span>
+                              <span>Habitats</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Habitats-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Ferality"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferality">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span>
+                              <span>Ferality</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Ferality-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Impact_on_wildlife"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_wildlife">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span>
+                              <span>Impact on wildlife</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Impact_on_wildlife-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Interaction_with_humans"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a
+                        class="vector-toc-link"
+                        href="#Interaction_with_humans"
+                      >
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span>
+                          <span>Interaction with humans</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <button
+                        aria-controls="toc-Interaction_with_humans-sublist"
+                        class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"
+                      >
+                        <span
+                          class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"
+                        ></span>
+                        <span>Toggle Interaction with humans subsection</span>
+                      </button>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-Interaction_with_humans-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      >
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Shows"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shows">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span>
+                              <span>Shows</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Shows-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Infection"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infection">
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span>
+                              <span>Infection</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Infection-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-History_and_mythology"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            class="vector-toc-link"
+                            href="#History_and_mythology"
+                          >
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span>
+                              <span>History and mythology</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-History_and_mythology-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="toc-Superstitions_and_rituals"
+                          class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            class="vector-toc-link"
+                            href="#Superstitions_and_rituals"
+                          >
+                            <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                              <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span>
+                              <span>Superstitions and rituals</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </a>
+
+                          <ul
+                            id="toc-Superstitions_and_rituals-sublist"
+                            class="vector-toc-list"
+                          ></ul>
+                        </li>
+                      </ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-See_also"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span>
+                          <span>See also</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-See_also-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-Notes"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span>
+                          <span>Notes</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-References"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span>
+                          <span>References</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-References-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                    <li
+                      id="toc-External_links"
+                      class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"
+                    >
+                      <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links">
+                        <div class="vector-toc-text">
+                          <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span>
+                          <span>External links</span>
+                        </div>
+                      </a>
+
+                      <ul
+                        id="toc-External_links-sublist"
+                        class="vector-toc-list"
+                      ></ul>
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </nav>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="mw-content-container">
+          <main id="content" class="mw-body">
+            <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
+              <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark">
+                <div
+                  id="vector-page-titlebar-toc"
+                  class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left"
+                >
+                  <input
+                    type="checkbox"
+                    id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox"
+                    role="button"
+                    aria-haspopup="true"
+                    data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                    aria-label="Toggle the table of contents"
+                  />
+                  <label
+                    id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label"
+                    for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox"
+                    class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only"
+                    aria-hidden="true"
+                    ><span
+                      class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"
+                    ></span>
+
+                    <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text"
+                      >Toggle the table of contents</span
+                    >
+                  </label>
+                  <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                    <div
+                      id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container"
+                      class="vector-unpinned-container"
+                    ></div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </nav>
+              <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
+                <span class="mw-page-title-main">Cat</span>
+              </h1>
+
+              <div
+                id="p-lang-btn"
+                class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang"
+              >
+                <input
+                  type="checkbox"
+                  id="p-lang-btn-checkbox"
+                  role="button"
+                  aria-haspopup="true"
+                  data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn"
+                  class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector"
+                  aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 269 languages"
+                />
+                <label
+                  id="p-lang-btn-label"
+                  for="p-lang-btn-checkbox"
+                  class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-269"
+                  aria-hidden="true"
+                  ><span
+                    class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"
+                  ></span>
+
+                  <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">269 languages</span>
+                </label>
+                <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                  <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                    <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%AB"
+                          title="Mië – Acehnese"
+                          lang="ace"
+                          hreflang="ace"
+                          data-title="Mië"
+                          data-language-autonym="Acèh"
+                          data-language-local-name="Acehnese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Acèh</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="featured article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat"
+                          title="Kat – Afrikaans"
+                          lang="af"
+                          hreflang="af"
+                          data-title="Kat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Afrikaans"
+                          data-language-local-name="Afrikaans"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Afrikaans</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauskatze"
+                          title="Hauskatze – Alemannic"
+                          lang="gsw"
+                          hreflang="gsw"
+                          data-title="Hauskatze"
+                          data-language-autonym="Alemannisch"
+                          data-language-local-name="Alemannic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Alemannisch</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5"
+                          title="ድመት – Amharic"
+                          lang="am"
+                          hreflang="am"
+                          data-title="ድመት"
+                          data-language-autonym="አማርኛ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Amharic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>አማርኛ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss%C3%A1"
+                          title="Kissá – Inari Sami"
+                          lang="smn"
+                          hreflang="smn"
+                          data-title="Kissá"
+                          data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Inari Sami"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80"
+                          title="बिल्ली – Angika"
+                          lang="anp"
+                          hreflang="anp"
+                          data-title="बिल्ली"
+                          data-language-autonym="अंगिका"
+                          data-language-local-name="Angika"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>अंगिका</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catte"
+                          title="Catte – Old English"
+                          lang="ang"
+                          hreflang="ang"
+                          data-title="Catte"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ænglisc"
+                          data-language-local-name="Old English"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ænglisc</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%8B"
+                          title="Ацгәы – Abkhazian"
+                          lang="ab"
+                          hreflang="ab"
+                          data-title="Ацгәы"
+                          data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа"
+                          data-language-local-name="Abkhazian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7"
+                          title="قط – Arabic"
+                          lang="ar"
+                          hreflang="ar"
+                          data-title="قط"
+                          data-language-autonym="العربية"
+                          data-language-local-name="Arabic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>العربية</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Aragonese"
+                          lang="an"
+                          hreflang="an"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Aragonés"
+                          data-language-local-name="Aragonese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Aragonés</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%9B%DC%90"
+                          title="ܩܛܐ – Aramaic"
+                          lang="arc"
+                          hreflang="arc"
+                          data-title="ܩܛܐ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Aramaic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80"
+                          title="Կատուներ – Western Armenian"
+                          lang="hyw"
+                          hreflang="hyw"
+                          data-title="Կատուներ"
+                          data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն"
+                          data-language-local-name="Western Armenian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2tu%C8%99i"
+                          title="Câtuși – Aromanian"
+                          lang="rup"
+                          hreflang="rup"
+                          data-title="Câtuși"
+                          data-language-autonym="Armãneashti"
+                          data-language-local-name="Aromanian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Armãneashti</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat"
+                          title="Chat – Arpitan"
+                          lang="frp"
+                          hreflang="frp"
+                          data-title="Chat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Arpetan"
+                          data-language-local-name="Arpitan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Arpetan</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80"
+                          title="মেকুৰী – Assamese"
+                          lang="as"
+                          hreflang="as"
+                          data-title="মেকুৰী"
+                          data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া"
+                          data-language-local-name="Assamese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>অসমীয়া</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Asturian"
+                          lang="ast"
+                          hreflang="ast"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Asturianu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Asturian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Asturianu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoc"
+                          title="Minoc – Atikamekw"
+                          lang="atj"
+                          hreflang="atj"
+                          data-title="Minoc"
+                          data-language-autonym="Atikamekw"
+                          data-language-local-name="Atikamekw"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Atikamekw</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0"
+                          title="बिलार – Awadhi"
+                          lang="awa"
+                          hreflang="awa"
+                          data-title="बिलार"
+                          data-language-autonym="अवधी"
+                          data-language-local-name="Awadhi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>अवधी</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbarakaja"
+                          title="Mbarakaja – Guarani"
+                          lang="gn"
+                          hreflang="gn"
+                          data-title="Mbarakaja"
+                          data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Guarani"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83"
+                          title="Кету – Avaric"
+                          lang="av"
+                          hreflang="av"
+                          data-title="Кету"
+                          data-language-autonym="Авар"
+                          data-language-local-name="Avaric"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Авар</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phisi"
+                          title="Phisi – Aymara"
+                          lang="ay"
+                          hreflang="ay"
+                          data-title="Phisi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Aymar aru"
+                          data-language-local-name="Aymara"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Aymar aru</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev_pi%C5%9Fiyi"
+                          title="Ev pişiyi – Azerbaijani"
+                          lang="az"
+                          hreflang="az"
+                          data-title="Ev pişiyi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca"
+                          data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%A9"
+                          title="پیشیک – South Azerbaijani"
+                          lang="azb"
+                          hreflang="azb"
+                          data-title="پیشیک"
+                          data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه"
+                          data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>تۆرکجه</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9ong"
+                          title="Méong – Balinese"
+                          lang="ban"
+                          hreflang="ban"
+                          data-title="Méong"
+                          data-language-autonym="Basa Bali"
+                          data-language-local-name="Balinese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Basa Bali</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakuma"
+                          title="Jakuma – Bambara"
+                          lang="bm"
+                          hreflang="bm"
+                          data-title="Jakuma"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bamanankan"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bambara"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bamanankan</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2"
+                          title="বিড়াল – Bangla"
+                          lang="bn"
+                          hreflang="bn"
+                          data-title="বিড়াল"
+                          data-language-autonym="বাংলা"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bangla"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>বাংলা</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing"
+                          title="Kucing – Banjar"
+                          lang="bjn"
+                          hreflang="bjn"
+                          data-title="Kucing"
+                          data-language-autonym="Banjar"
+                          data-language-local-name="Banjar"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Banjar</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niau"
+                          title="Niau – Minnan"
+                          lang="nan"
+                          hreflang="nan"
+                          data-title="Niau"
+                          data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú"
+                          data-language-local-name="Minnan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9"
+                          title="Бесәй – Bashkir"
+                          lang="ba"
+                          hreflang="ba"
+                          data-title="Бесәй"
+                          data-language-autonym="Башҡортса"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bashkir"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Башҡортса</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="good article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96"
+                          title="Кот свойскі – Belarusian"
+                          lang="be"
+                          hreflang="be"
+                          data-title="Кот свойскі"
+                          data-language-autonym="Беларуская"
+                          data-language-local-name="Belarusian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Беларуская</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82"
+                          title="Кот – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)"
+                          lang="be-tarask"
+                          hreflang="be-tarask"
+                          data-title="Кот"
+                          data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)"
+                          data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0"
+                          title="बिलार – Bhojpuri"
+                          lang="bh"
+                          hreflang="bh"
+                          data-title="बिलार"
+                          data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>भोजपुरी</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikos"
+                          title="Ikos – Central Bikol"
+                          lang="bcl"
+                          hreflang="bcl"
+                          data-title="Ikos"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bikol Central"
+                          data-language-local-name="Central Bikol"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bikol Central</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puscat"
+                          title="Puscat – Bislama"
+                          lang="bi"
+                          hreflang="bi"
+                          data-title="Puscat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bislama"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bislama"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bislama</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0"
+                          title="Котка – Bulgarian"
+                          lang="bg"
+                          hreflang="bg"
+                          data-title="Котка"
+                          data-language-autonym="Български"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bulgarian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Български</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauskotz"
+                          title="Hauskotz – Bavarian"
+                          lang="bar"
+                          hreflang="bar"
+                          data-title="Hauskotz"
+                          data-language-autonym="Boarisch"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bavarian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Boarisch</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D"
+                          title="ཞི་མི། – Tibetan"
+                          lang="bo"
+                          hreflang="bo"
+                          data-title="ཞི་མི།"
+                          data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tibetan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dka"
+                          title="Mačka – Bosnian"
+                          lang="bs"
+                          hreflang="bs"
+                          data-title="Mačka"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bosanski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Bosnian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bosanski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazh"
+                          title="Kazh – Breton"
+                          lang="br"
+                          hreflang="br"
+                          data-title="Kazh"
+                          data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg"
+                          data-language-local-name="Breton"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Brezhoneg</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B9"
+                          title="Миисгэй – Russia Buriat"
+                          lang="bxr"
+                          hreflang="bxr"
+                          data-title="Миисгэй"
+                          data-language-autonym="Буряад"
+                          data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Буряад</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="featured article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat"
+                          title="Gat – Catalan"
+                          lang="ca"
+                          hreflang="ca"
+                          data-title="Gat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Català"
+                          data-language-local-name="Catalan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Català</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA"
+                          title="Кушак – Chuvash"
+                          lang="cv"
+                          hreflang="cv"
+                          data-title="Кушак"
+                          data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла"
+                          data-language-local-name="Chuvash"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Чӑвашла</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iring"
+                          title="Iring – Cebuano"
+                          lang="ceb"
+                          hreflang="ceb"
+                          data-title="Iring"
+                          data-language-autonym="Cebuano"
+                          data-language-local-name="Cebuano"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Cebuano</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dka_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD"
+                          title="Kočka domácí – Czech"
+                          lang="cs"
+                          hreflang="cs"
+                          data-title="Kočka domácí"
+                          data-language-autonym="Čeština"
+                          data-language-local-name="Czech"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Čeština</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangoyi"
+                          title="Mangoyi – Shona"
+                          lang="sn"
+                          hreflang="sn"
+                          data-title="Mangoyi"
+                          data-language-autonym="ChiShona"
+                          data-language-local-name="Shona"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ChiShona</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghjattu"
+                          title="Ghjattu – Corsican"
+                          lang="co"
+                          hreflang="co"
+                          data-title="Ghjattu"
+                          data-language-autonym="Corsu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Corsican"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Corsu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath"
+                          title="Cath – Welsh"
+                          lang="cy"
+                          hreflang="cy"
+                          data-title="Cath"
+                          data-language-autonym="Cymraeg"
+                          data-language-local-name="Welsh"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Cymraeg</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C9%9B%C5%8Bkuno"
+                          title="Jɛŋkuno – Dagbani"
+                          lang="dag"
+                          hreflang="dag"
+                          data-title="Jɛŋkuno"
+                          data-language-autonym="Dagbanli"
+                          data-language-local-name="Dagbani"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Dagbanli</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat"
+                          title="Kat – Danish"
+                          lang="da"
+                          hreflang="da"
+                          data-title="Kat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Dansk"
+                          data-language-local-name="Danish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Dansk</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4"
+                          title="مش – Moroccan Arabic"
+                          lang="ary"
+                          hreflang="ary"
+                          data-title="مش"
+                          data-language-autonym="الدارجة"
+                          data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>الدارجة</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buss%C3%A1"
+                          title="Bussá – Northern Sami"
+                          lang="se"
+                          hreflang="se"
+                          data-title="Bussá"
+                          data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella"
+                          data-language-local-name="Northern Sami"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauskatze"
+                          title="Hauskatze – German"
+                          lang="de"
+                          hreflang="de"
+                          data-title="Hauskatze"
+                          data-language-autonym="Deutsch"
+                          data-language-local-name="German"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Deutsch</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3s%C3%AD"
+                          title="Mósí – Navajo"
+                          lang="nv"
+                          hreflang="nv"
+                          data-title="Mósí"
+                          data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad"
+                          data-language-local-name="Navajo"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Diné bizaad</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domacna_k%C3%B3cka"
+                          title="Domacna kócka – Lower Sorbian"
+                          lang="dsb"
+                          hreflang="dsb"
+                          data-title="Domacna kócka"
+                          data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2"
+                          title="བྱི་ལི – Dzongkha"
+                          lang="dz"
+                          hreflang="dz"
+                          data-title="བྱི་ལི"
+                          data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Dzongkha"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kass"
+                          title="Kass – Estonian"
+                          lang="et"
+                          hreflang="et"
+                          data-title="Kass"
+                          data-language-autonym="Eesti"
+                          data-language-local-name="Estonian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Eesti</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="featured article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B1"
+                          title="Γάτα – Greek"
+                          lang="el"
+                          hreflang="el"
+                          data-title="Γάτα"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά"
+                          data-language-local-name="Greek"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ελληνικά</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0t"
+                          title="Gàt – Emiliano-Romagnolo"
+                          lang="egl"
+                          hreflang="egl"
+                          data-title="Gàt"
+                          data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl"
+                          data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0"
+                          title="Катка – Erzya"
+                          lang="myv"
+                          hreflang="myv"
+                          data-title="Катка"
+                          data-language-autonym="Эрзянь"
+                          data-language-local-name="Erzya"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Эрзянь</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Spanish"
+                          lang="es"
+                          hreflang="es"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Español"
+                          data-language-local-name="Spanish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Español</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="featured article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejma_kato"
+                          title="Hejma kato – Esperanto"
+                          lang="eo"
+                          hreflang="eo"
+                          data-title="Hejma kato"
+                          data-language-autonym="Esperanto"
+                          data-language-local-name="Esperanto"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Esperanto</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Extremaduran"
+                          lang="ext"
+                          hreflang="ext"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Estremeñu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Extremaduran"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Estremeñu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katu"
+                          title="Katu – Basque"
+                          lang="eu"
+                          hreflang="eu"
+                          data-title="Katu"
+                          data-language-autonym="Euskara"
+                          data-language-local-name="Basque"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Euskara</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadi"
+                          title="Dadi – Ewe"
+                          lang="ee"
+                          hreflang="ee"
+                          data-title="Dadi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ewe"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Eʋegbe</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87"
+                          title="گربه – Persian"
+                          lang="fa"
+                          hreflang="fa"
+                          data-title="گربه"
+                          data-language-autonym="فارسی"
+                          data-language-local-name="Persian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>فارسی</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusi"
+                          title="Pusi – Fiji Hindi"
+                          lang="hif"
+                          hreflang="hif"
+                          data-title="Pusi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi"
+                          data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettur"
+                          title="Kettur – Faroese"
+                          lang="fo"
+                          hreflang="fo"
+                          data-title="Kettur"
+                          data-language-autonym="Føroyskt"
+                          data-language-local-name="Faroese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Føroyskt</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="good article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat"
+                          title="Chat – French"
+                          lang="fr"
+                          hreflang="fr"
+                          data-title="Chat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Français"
+                          data-language-local-name="French"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Français</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat"
+                          title="Kat – Western Frisian"
+                          lang="fy"
+                          hreflang="fy"
+                          data-title="Kat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Frysk"
+                          data-language-local-name="Western Frisian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Frysk</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjat"
+                          title="Gjat – Friulian"
+                          lang="fur"
+                          hreflang="fur"
+                          data-title="Gjat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Furlan"
+                          data-language-local-name="Friulian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Furlan</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat"
+                          title="Cat – Irish"
+                          lang="ga"
+                          hreflang="ga"
+                          data-title="Cat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Gaeilge"
+                          data-language-local-name="Irish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Gaeilge</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayt"
+                          title="Kayt – Manx"
+                          lang="gv"
+                          hreflang="gv"
+                          data-title="Kayt"
+                          data-language-autonym="Gaelg"
+                          data-language-local-name="Manx"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Gaelg</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat"
+                          title="Cat – Scottish Gaelic"
+                          lang="gd"
+                          hreflang="gd"
+                          data-title="Cat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig"
+                          data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Gàidhlig</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="good article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato"
+                          title="Gato – Galician"
+                          lang="gl"
+                          hreflang="gl"
+                          data-title="Gato"
+                          data-language-autonym="Galego"
+                          data-language-local-name="Galician"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Galego</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA"
+                          title="Циск – Ingush"
+                          lang="inh"
+                          hreflang="inh"
+                          data-title="Циск"
+                          data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ingush"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%93"
+                          title="貓 – Gan"
+                          lang="gan"
+                          hreflang="gan"
+                          data-title="貓"
+                          data-language-autonym="贛語"
+                          data-language-local-name="Gan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>贛語</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7"
+                          title="پیچا – Gilaki"
+                          lang="glk"
+                          hreflang="glk"
+                          data-title="پیچا"
+                          data-language-autonym="گیلکی"
+                          data-language-local-name="Gilaki"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>گیلکی</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83"
+                          title="𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌿𐍃 – Gothic"
+                          lang="got"
+                          hreflang="got"
+                          data-title="𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌿𐍃"
+                          data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺"
+                          data-language-local-name="Gothic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meu-k%C3%BBng"
+                          title="Meu-kûng – Hakka Chinese"
+                          lang="hak"
+                          hreflang="hak"
+                          data-title="Meu-kûng"
+                          data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81"
+                          title="Мис – Kalmyk"
+                          lang="xal"
+                          hreflang="xal"
+                          data-title="Мис"
+                          data-language-autonym="Хальмг"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kalmyk"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Хальмг</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%96%91%EC%9D%B4"
+                          title="고양이 – Korean"
+                          lang="ko"
+                          hreflang="ko"
+                          data-title="고양이"
+                          data-language-autonym="한국어"
+                          data-language-local-name="Korean"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>한국어</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyanwa"
+                          title="Kyanwa – Hausa"
+                          lang="ha"
+                          hreflang="ha"
+                          data-title="Kyanwa"
+                          data-language-autonym="Hausa"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hausa"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Hausa</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Dpoki"
+                          title="Pōpoki – Hawaiian"
+                          lang="haw"
+                          hreflang="haw"
+                          data-title="Pōpoki"
+                          data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hawaiian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80"
+                          title="Կատուներ – Armenian"
+                          lang="hy"
+                          hreflang="hy"
+                          data-title="Կատուներ"
+                          data-language-autonym="Հայերեն"
+                          data-language-local-name="Armenian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Հայերեն</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80"
+                          title="बिल्ली – Hindi"
+                          lang="hi"
+                          hreflang="hi"
+                          data-title="बिल्ली"
+                          data-language-autonym="हिन्दी"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hindi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>हिन्दी</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domjaca_k%C3%B3%C4%8Dka"
+                          title="Domjaca kóčka – Upper Sorbian"
+                          lang="hsb"
+                          hreflang="hsb"
+                          data-title="Domjaca kóčka"
+                          data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce"
+                          data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87a_ma%C4%8Dka"
+                          title="Domaća mačka – Croatian"
+                          lang="hr"
+                          hreflang="hr"
+                          data-title="Domaća mačka"
+                          data-language-autonym="Hrvatski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Croatian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Hrvatski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tete"
+                          title="Tete – Gorontalo"
+                          lang="gor"
+                          hreflang="gor"
+                          data-title="Tete"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo"
+                          data-language-local-name="Gorontalo"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kato"
+                          title="Kato – Ido"
+                          lang="io"
+                          hreflang="io"
+                          data-title="Kato"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ido"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ido"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ido</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusa"
+                          title="Pusa – Iloko"
+                          lang="ilo"
+                          hreflang="ilo"
+                          data-title="Pusa"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ilokano"
+                          data-language-local-name="Iloko"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ilokano</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing"
+                          title="Kucing – Indonesian"
+                          lang="id"
+                          hreflang="id"
+                          data-title="Kucing"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia"
+                          data-language-local-name="Indonesian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catto_domestic"
+                          title="Catto domestic – Interlingua"
+                          lang="ia"
+                          hreflang="ia"
+                          data-title="Catto domestic"
+                          data-language-autonym="Interlingua"
+                          data-language-local-name="Interlingua"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Interlingua</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitiuraq"
+                          title="Kitiuraq – Inupiaq"
+                          lang="ik"
+                          hreflang="ik"
+                          data-title="Kitiuraq"
+                          data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun"
+                          data-language-local-name="Inupiaq"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Iñupiatun</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%C3%A6%D0%B4%D1%8B"
+                          title="Гæды – Ossetic"
+                          lang="os"
+                          hreflang="os"
+                          data-title="Гæды"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ирон"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ossetic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ирон</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikati"
+                          title="Ikati – Zulu"
+                          lang="zu"
+                          hreflang="zu"
+                          data-title="Ikati"
+                          data-language-autonym="IsiZulu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Zulu"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>IsiZulu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ttur"
+                          title="Köttur – Icelandic"
+                          lang="is"
+                          hreflang="is"
+                          data-title="Köttur"
+                          data-language-autonym="Íslenska"
+                          data-language-local-name="Icelandic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Íslenska</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Italian"
+                          lang="it"
+                          hreflang="it"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Italiano"
+                          data-language-local-name="Italian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Italiano</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA"
+                          title="חתול הבית – Hebrew"
+                          lang="he"
+                          hreflang="he"
+                          data-title="חתול הבית"
+                          data-language-autonym="עברית"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hebrew"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>עברית</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing"
+                          title="Kucing – Javanese"
+                          lang="jv"
+                          hreflang="jv"
+                          data-title="Kucing"
+                          data-language-autonym="Jawa"
+                          data-language-local-name="Javanese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Jawa</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9ya%CA%8A"
+                          title="Pɩyaʊ – Kabiye"
+                          lang="kbp"
+                          hreflang="kbp"
+                          data-title="Pɩyaʊ"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kabiye"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81"
+                          title="ಬೆಕ್ಕು – Kannada"
+                          lang="kn"
+                          hreflang="kn"
+                          data-title="ಬೆಕ್ಕು"
+                          data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kannada"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusa"
+                          title="Pusa – Pampanga"
+                          lang="pam"
+                          hreflang="pam"
+                          data-title="Pusa"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kapampangan"
+                          data-language-local-name="Pampanga"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kapampangan</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90"
+                          title="შინაური კატა – Georgian"
+                          lang="ka"
+                          hreflang="ka"
+                          data-title="შინაური კატა"
+                          data-language-autonym="ქართული"
+                          data-language-local-name="Georgian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ქართული</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%9B%D9%88%D8%B1"
+                          title="برٛور – Kashmiri"
+                          lang="ks"
+                          hreflang="ks"
+                          data-title="برٛور"
+                          data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kashmiri"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2t"
+                          title="Kòt – Kashubian"
+                          lang="csb"
+                          hreflang="csb"
+                          data-title="Kòt"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kashubian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D2%9B"
+                          title="Мысық – Kazakh"
+                          lang="kk"
+                          hreflang="kk"
+                          data-title="Мысық"
+                          data-language-autonym="Қазақша"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kazakh"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Қазақша</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kath"
+                          title="Kath – Cornish"
+                          lang="kw"
+                          hreflang="kw"
+                          data-title="Kath"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kernowek"
+                          data-language-local-name="Cornish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kernowek</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injangwe"
+                          title="Injangwe – Kinyarwanda"
+                          lang="rw"
+                          hreflang="rw"
+                          data-title="Injangwe"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paka-kaya"
+                          title="Paka-kaya – Swahili"
+                          lang="sw"
+                          hreflang="sw"
+                          data-title="Paka-kaya"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kiswahili"
+                          data-language-local-name="Swahili"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kiswahili</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C"
+                          title="Кань – Komi"
+                          lang="kv"
+                          hreflang="kv"
+                          data-title="Кань"
+                          data-language-autonym="Коми"
+                          data-language-local-name="Komi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Коми</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyawu"
+                          title="Nyawu – Kongo"
+                          lang="kg"
+                          hreflang="kg"
+                          data-title="Nyawu"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kongo"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kongo"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kongo</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaf_Karvol_(Felis_catus)"
+                          title="Kwaf Karvol (Felis catus) – Kotava"
+                          lang="avk"
+                          hreflang="avk"
+                          data-title="Kwaf Karvol (Felis catus)"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kotava"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kotava"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kotava</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat"
+                          title="Chat – Haitian Creole"
+                          lang="ht"
+                          hreflang="ht"
+                          data-title="Chat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen"
+                          data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pis%C3%AEk"
+                          title="Pisîk – Kurdish"
+                          lang="ku"
+                          hreflang="ku"
+                          data-title="Pisîk"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kurdî"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kurdish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kurdî</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BA"
+                          title="Мышык – Kyrgyz"
+                          lang="ky"
+                          hreflang="ky"
+                          data-title="Мышык"
+                          data-language-autonym="Кыргызча"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Кыргызча</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iat_de_ciasa"
+                          title="Iat de ciasa – Ladin"
+                          lang="lld"
+                          hreflang="lld"
+                          data-title="Iat de ciasa"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ladin"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ladin"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ladin</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato"
+                          title="Gato – Ladino"
+                          lang="lad"
+                          hreflang="lad"
+                          data-title="Gato"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ladino"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ladino"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ladino</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83"
+                          title="Ччиту – Lak"
+                          lang="lbe"
+                          hreflang="lbe"
+                          data-title="Ччиту"
+                          data-language-autonym="Лакку"
+                          data-language-local-name="Lak"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Лакку</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A7"
+                          title="ແມວ – Lao"
+                          lang="lo"
+                          hreflang="lo"
+                          data-title="ແມວ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ລາວ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Lao"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ລາວ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%8Ds"
+                          title="Kačs – Latgalian"
+                          lang="ltg"
+                          hreflang="ltg"
+                          data-title="Kačs"
+                          data-language-autonym="Latgaļu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Latgalian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Latgaļu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="featured article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feles"
+                          title="Feles – Latin"
+                          lang="la"
+                          hreflang="la"
+                          data-title="Feles"
+                          data-language-autonym="Latina"
+                          data-language-local-name="Latin"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Latina</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C4%B7is"
+                          title="Kaķis – Latvian"
+                          lang="lv"
+                          hreflang="lv"
+                          data-title="Kaķis"
+                          data-language-autonym="Latviešu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Latvian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Latviešu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauskaz"
+                          title="Hauskaz – Luxembourgish"
+                          lang="lb"
+                          hreflang="lb"
+                          data-title="Hauskaz"
+                          data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch"
+                          data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%86"
+                          title="Кац – Lezghian"
+                          lang="lez"
+                          hreflang="lez"
+                          data-title="Кац"
+                          data-language-autonym="Лезги"
+                          data-language-local-name="Lezghian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Лезги</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="good article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C4%97"
+                          title="Katė – Lithuanian"
+                          lang="lt"
+                          hreflang="lt"
+                          data-title="Katė"
+                          data-language-autonym="Lietuvių"
+                          data-language-local-name="Lithuanian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Lietuvių</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao"
+                          title="Mao – Nias"
+                          lang="nia"
+                          hreflang="nia"
+                          data-title="Mao"
+                          data-language-autonym="Li Niha"
+                          data-language-local-name="Nias"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Li Niha</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Ligurian"
+                          lang="lij"
+                          hreflang="lij"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ligure"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ligurian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ligure</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoeskat"
+                          title="Hoeskat – Limburgish"
+                          lang="li"
+                          hreflang="li"
+                          data-title="Hoeskat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Limburgs"
+                          data-language-local-name="Limburgish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Limburgs</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nk%C9%94%CC%81nd%C9%94k%C9%94%CC%81"
+                          title="Nkɔ́ndɔkɔ́ – Lingala"
+                          lang="ln"
+                          hreflang="ln"
+                          data-title="Nkɔ́ndɔkɔ́"
+                          data-language-autonym="Lingála"
+                          data-language-local-name="Lingala"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Lingála</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato"
+                          title="Gato – Lingua Franca Nova"
+                          lang="lfn"
+                          hreflang="lfn"
+                          data-title="Gato"
+                          data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova"
+                          data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BEi"
+                          title="Kaži – Livvi-Karelian"
+                          lang="olo"
+                          hreflang="olo"
+                          data-title="Kaži"
+                          data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala"
+                          data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mlatu"
+                          title="mlatu – Lojban"
+                          lang="jbo"
+                          hreflang="jbo"
+                          data-title="mlatu"
+                          data-language-autonym="La .lojban."
+                          data-language-local-name="Lojban"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>La .lojban.</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Lombard"
+                          lang="lmo"
+                          hreflang="lmo"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Lombard"
+                          data-language-local-name="Lombard"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Lombard</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="featured article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macska"
+                          title="Macska – Hungarian"
+                          lang="hu"
+                          hreflang="hu"
+                          data-title="Macska"
+                          data-language-autonym="Magyar"
+                          data-language-local-name="Hungarian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Magyar</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koc%C3%A8ng"
+                          title="Kocèng – Madurese"
+                          lang="mad"
+                          hreflang="mad"
+                          data-title="Kocèng"
+                          data-language-autonym="Madhurâ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Madurese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Madhurâ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0"
+                          title="Мачка – Macedonian"
+                          lang="mk"
+                          hreflang="mk"
+                          data-title="Мачка"
+                          data-language-autonym="Македонски"
+                          data-language-local-name="Macedonian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Македонски</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka"
+                          title="Saka – Malagasy"
+                          lang="mg"
+                          hreflang="mg"
+                          data-title="Saka"
+                          data-language-autonym="Malagasy"
+                          data-language-local-name="Malagasy"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Malagasy</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item"
+                        title="featured article badge"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A"
+                          title="പൂച്ച – Malayalam"
+                          lang="ml"
+                          hreflang="ml"
+                          data-title="പൂച്ച"
+                          data-language-autonym="മലയാളം"
+                          data-language-local-name="Malayalam"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>മലയാളം</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qattus"
+                          title="Qattus – Maltese"
+                          lang="mt"
+                          hreflang="mt"
+                          data-title="Qattus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Malti"
+                          data-language-local-name="Maltese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Malti</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngeru"
+                          title="Ngeru – Māori"
+                          lang="mi"
+                          hreflang="mi"
+                          data-title="Ngeru"
+                          data-language-autonym="Māori"
+                          data-language-local-name="Māori"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Māori</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0"
+                          title="मांजर – Marathi"
+                          lang="mr"
+                          hreflang="mr"
+                          data-title="मांजर"
+                          data-language-autonym="मराठी"
+                          data-language-local-name="Marathi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>मराठी</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87"
+                          title="قطه – Egyptian Arabic"
+                          lang="arz"
+                          hreflang="arz"
+                          data-title="قطه"
+                          data-language-autonym="مصرى"
+                          data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>مصرى</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C"
+                          title="بامشی – Mazanderani"
+                          lang="mzn"
+                          hreflang="mzn"
+                          data-title="بامشی"
+                          data-language-autonym="مازِرونی"
+                          data-language-local-name="Mazanderani"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>مازِرونی</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing"
+                          title="Kucing – Malay"
+                          lang="ms"
+                          hreflang="ms"
+                          data-title="Kucing"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Malay"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1"
+                          title="ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡ – Manipuri"
+                          lang="mni"
+                          hreflang="mni"
+                          data-title="ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Manipuri"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuciang"
+                          title="Kuciang – Minangkabau"
+                          lang="min"
+                          hreflang="min"
+                          data-title="Kuciang"
+                          data-language-autonym="Minangkabau"
+                          data-language-local-name="Minangkabau"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Minangkabau</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0"
+                          title="Mà – Mindong"
+                          lang="cdo"
+                          hreflang="cdo"
+                          data-title="Mà"
+                          data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄"
+                          data-language-local-name="Mindong"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato"
+                          title="Gato – Mirandese"
+                          lang="mwl"
+                          hreflang="mwl"
+                          data-title="Gato"
+                          data-language-autonym="Mirandés"
+                          data-language-local-name="Mirandese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Mirandés</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0"
+                          title="Ката – Moksha"
+                          lang="mdf"
+                          hreflang="mdf"
+                          data-title="Ката"
+                          data-language-autonym="Мокшень"
+                          data-language-local-name="Moksha"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Мокшень</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80"
+                          title="Муур – Mongolian"
+                          lang="mn"
+                          hreflang="mn"
+                          data-title="Муур"
+                          data-language-autonym="Монгол"
+                          data-language-local-name="Mongolian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Монгол</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%B9%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA)"
+                          title="ကြောင် (တိရစ္ဆာန်) – Burmese"
+                          lang="my"
+                          hreflang="my"
+                          data-title="ကြောင် (တိရစ္ဆာန်)"
+                          data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Burmese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusi"
+                          title="Pusi – Fijian"
+                          lang="fj"
+                          hreflang="fj"
+                          data-title="Pusi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti"
+                          data-language-local-name="Fijian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat_(dier)"
+                          title="Kat (dier) – Dutch"
+                          lang="nl"
+                          hreflang="nl"
+                          data-title="Kat (dier)"
+                          data-language-autonym="Nederlands"
+                          data-language-local-name="Dutch"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Nederlands</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat"
+                          title="Kat – Low Saxon"
+                          lang="nds-NL"
+                          hreflang="nds-NL"
+                          data-title="Kat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies"
+                          data-language-local-name="Low Saxon"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Nedersaksies</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B"
+                          title="बिरालो – Nepali"
+                          lang="ne"
+                          hreflang="ne"
+                          data-title="बिरालो"
+                          data-language-autonym="नेपाली"
+                          data-language-local-name="Nepali"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>नेपाली</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C"
+                          title="भौ – Newari"
+                          lang="new"
+                          hreflang="new"
+                          data-title="भौ"
+                          data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा"
+                          data-language-local-name="Newari"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B3"
+                          title="ネコ – Japanese"
+                          lang="ja"
+                          hreflang="ja"
+                          data-title="ネコ"
+                          data-language-autonym="日本語"
+                          data-language-local-name="Japanese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>日本語</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatta"
+                          title="Jatta – Neapolitan"
+                          lang="nap"
+                          hreflang="nap"
+                          data-title="Jatta"
+                          data-language-autonym="Napulitano"
+                          data-language-local-name="Neapolitan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Napulitano</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B3"
+                          title="Цициг – Chechen"
+                          lang="ce"
+                          hreflang="ce"
+                          data-title="Цициг"
+                          data-language-autonym="Нохчийн"
+                          data-language-local-name="Chechen"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Нохчийн</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaat"
+                          title="Kaat – Northern Frisian"
+                          lang="frr"
+                          hreflang="frr"
+                          data-title="Kaat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk"
+                          data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Nordfriisk</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamkatt"
+                          title="Tamkatt – Norwegian Bokmål"
+                          lang="nb"
+                          hreflang="nb"
+                          data-title="Tamkatt"
+                          data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål"
+                          data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katt"
+                          title="Katt – Norwegian Nynorsk"
+                          lang="nn"
+                          hreflang="nn"
+                          data-title="Katt"
+                          data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk"
+                          data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat"
+                          title="Cat – Norman"
+                          lang="nrf"
+                          hreflang="nrf"
+                          data-title="Cat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Nouormand"
+                          data-language-local-name="Norman"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Nouormand</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Novial"
+                          lang="nov"
+                          hreflang="nov"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Novial"
+                          data-language-local-name="Novial"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Novial</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Occitan"
+                          lang="oc"
+                          hreflang="oc"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Occitan"
+                          data-language-local-name="Occitan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Occitan</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81"
+                          title="Пырыс – Eastern Mari"
+                          lang="mhr"
+                          hreflang="mhr"
+                          data-title="Пырыс"
+                          data-language-autonym="Олык марий"
+                          data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Олык марий</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%87"
+                          title="ବିଲେଇ – Odia"
+                          lang="or"
+                          hreflang="or"
+                          data-title="ବିଲେଇ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Odia"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adurree"
+                          title="Adurree – Oromo"
+                          lang="om"
+                          hreflang="om"
+                          data-title="Adurree"
+                          data-language-autonym="Oromoo"
+                          data-language-local-name="Oromo"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Oromoo</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushuk"
+                          title="Mushuk – Uzbek"
+                          lang="uz"
+                          hreflang="uz"
+                          data-title="Mushuk"
+                          data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча"
+                          data-language-local-name="Uzbek"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80"
+                          title="ਬਿੱਲੀ – Punjabi"
+                          lang="pa"
+                          hreflang="pa"
+                          data-title="ਬਿੱਲੀ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Punjabi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posi"
+                          title="Posi – Amis"
+                          lang="ami"
+                          hreflang="ami"
+                          data-title="Posi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Pangcah"
+                          data-language-local-name="Amis"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Pangcah</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C"
+                          title="بلی – Western Punjabi"
+                          lang="pnb"
+                          hreflang="pnb"
+                          data-title="بلی"
+                          data-language-autonym="پنجابی"
+                          data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>پنجابی</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88"
+                          title="پيشو – Pashto"
+                          lang="ps"
+                          hreflang="ps"
+                          data-title="پيشو"
+                          data-language-autonym="پښتو"
+                          data-language-local-name="Pashto"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>پښتو</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pus"
+                          title="Pus – Jamaican Creole English"
+                          lang="jam"
+                          hreflang="jam"
+                          data-title="Pus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Patois"
+                          data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Patois</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C"
+                          title="Кань – Komi-Permyak"
+                          lang="koi"
+                          hreflang="koi"
+                          data-title="Кань"
+                          data-language-autonym="Перем коми"
+                          data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Перем коми</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6"
+                          title="ឆ្មា – Khmer"
+                          lang="km"
+                          hreflang="km"
+                          data-title="ឆ្មា"
+                          data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Khmer"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cot"
+                          title="Cot – Picard"
+                          lang="pcd"
+                          hreflang="pcd"
+                          data-title="Cot"
+                          data-language-autonym="Picard"
+                          data-language-local-name="Picard"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Picard</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat"
+                          title="Gat – Piedmontese"
+                          lang="pms"
+                          hreflang="pms"
+                          data-title="Gat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Piemontèis"
+                          data-language-local-name="Piedmontese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Piemontèis</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katt"
+                          title="Katt – Low German"
+                          lang="nds"
+                          hreflang="nds"
+                          data-title="Katt"
+                          data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch"
+                          data-language-local-name="Low German"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot_domowy"
+                          title="Kot domowy – Polish"
+                          lang="pl"
+                          hreflang="pl"
+                          data-title="Kot domowy"
+                          data-language-autonym="Polski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Polish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Polski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato"
+                          title="Gato – Portuguese"
+                          lang="pt"
+                          hreflang="pt"
+                          data-title="Gato"
+                          data-language-autonym="Português"
+                          data-language-local-name="Portuguese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Português</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1q"
+                          title="Mışıq – Crimean Tatar"
+                          lang="crh"
+                          hreflang="crh"
+                          data-title="Mışıq"
+                          data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca"
+                          data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisic%C4%83_de_cas%C4%83"
+                          title="Pisică de casă – Romanian"
+                          lang="ro"
+                          hreflang="ro"
+                          data-title="Pisică de casă"
+                          data-language-autonym="Română"
+                          data-language-local-name="Romanian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Română</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magodja"
+                          title="Magodja – Vlax Romani"
+                          lang="rmy"
+                          hreflang="rmy"
+                          data-title="Magodja"
+                          data-language-autonym="Romani čhib"
+                          data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Romani čhib</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giat"
+                          title="Giat – Romansh"
+                          lang="rm"
+                          hreflang="rm"
+                          data-title="Giat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Rumantsch"
+                          data-language-local-name="Romansh"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Rumantsch</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misi"
+                          title="Misi – Quechua"
+                          lang="qu"
+                          hreflang="qu"
+                          data-title="Misi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Runa Simi"
+                          data-language-local-name="Quechua"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Runa Simi</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0"
+                          title="Мачка – Rusyn"
+                          lang="rue"
+                          hreflang="rue"
+                          data-title="Мачка"
+                          data-language-autonym="Русиньскый"
+                          data-language-local-name="Rusyn"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Русиньскый</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0"
+                          title="Кошка – Russian"
+                          lang="ru"
+                          hreflang="ru"
+                          data-title="Кошка"
+                          data-language-autonym="Русский"
+                          data-language-local-name="Russian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Русский</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0"
+                          title="Куоска – Yakut"
+                          lang="sah"
+                          hreflang="sah"
+                          data-title="Куоска"
+                          data-language-autonym="Саха тыла"
+                          data-language-local-name="Yakut"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Саха тыла</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/nani%27"
+                          title="nani&#039; – Sakizaya"
+                          lang="szy"
+                          hreflang="szy"
+                          data-title="nani&#039;"
+                          data-language-autonym="Sakizaya"
+                          data-language-local-name="Sakizaya"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Sakizaya</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gose"
+                          title="Gose – Samoan"
+                          lang="sm"
+                          hreflang="sm"
+                          data-title="Gose"
+                          data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa"
+                          data-language-local-name="Samoan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83"
+                          title="मार्जालः – Sanskrit"
+                          lang="sa"
+                          hreflang="sa"
+                          data-title="मार्जालः"
+                          data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्"
+                          data-language-local-name="Sanskrit"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4"
+                          title="ᱯᱩᱥᱤ – Santali"
+                          lang="sat"
+                          hreflang="sat"
+                          data-title="ᱯᱩᱥᱤ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Santali"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%84%DB%8C"
+                          title="ٻلی – Saraiki"
+                          lang="skr"
+                          hreflang="skr"
+                          data-title="ٻلی"
+                          data-language-autonym="سرائیکی"
+                          data-language-local-name="Saraiki"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>سرائیکی</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis"
+                          title="Felis – Sardinian"
+                          lang="sc"
+                          hreflang="sc"
+                          data-title="Felis"
+                          data-language-autonym="Sardu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Sardinian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Sardu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat"
+                          title="Cat – Scots"
+                          lang="sco"
+                          hreflang="sco"
+                          data-title="Cat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Scots"
+                          data-language-local-name="Scots"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Scots</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat"
+                          title="Kat – Saterland Frisian"
+                          lang="stq"
+                          hreflang="stq"
+                          data-title="Kat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Seeltersk"
+                          data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Seeltersk</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katse"
+                          title="Katse – Southern Sotho"
+                          lang="st"
+                          hreflang="st"
+                          data-title="Katse"
+                          data-language-autonym="Sesotho"
+                          data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Sesotho</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katse"
+                          title="Katse – Northern Sotho"
+                          lang="nso"
+                          hreflang="nso"
+                          data-title="Katse"
+                          data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa"
+                          data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macja"
+                          title="Macja – Albanian"
+                          lang="sq"
+                          hreflang="sq"
+                          data-title="Macja"
+                          data-language-autonym="Shqip"
+                          data-language-local-name="Albanian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Shqip</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jattu"
+                          title="Jattu – Sicilian"
+                          lang="scn"
+                          hreflang="scn"
+                          data-title="Jattu"
+                          data-language-autonym="Sicilianu"
+                          data-language-local-name="Sicilian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Sicilianu</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F"
+                          title="බළලා – Sinhala"
+                          lang="si"
+                          hreflang="si"
+                          data-title="බළලා"
+                          data-language-autonym="සිංහල"
+                          data-language-local-name="Sinhala"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>සිංහල</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat"
+                          title="Cat – Simple English"
+                          lang="en-simple"
+                          hreflang="en-simple"
+                          data-title="Cat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Simple English"
+                          data-language-local-name="Simple English"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Simple English</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%84%D9%8A"
+                          title="ٻلي – Sindhi"
+                          lang="sd"
+                          hreflang="sd"
+                          data-title="ٻلي"
+                          data-language-autonym="سنڌي"
+                          data-language-local-name="Sindhi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>سنڌي</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likati"
+                          title="Likati – Swati"
+                          lang="ss"
+                          hreflang="ss"
+                          data-title="Likati"
+                          data-language-autonym="SiSwati"
+                          data-language-local-name="Swati"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>SiSwati</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dka_dom%C3%A1ca"
+                          title="Mačka domáca – Slovak"
+                          lang="sk"
+                          hreflang="sk"
+                          data-title="Mačka domáca"
+                          data-language-autonym="Slovenčina"
+                          data-language-local-name="Slovak"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Slovenčina</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%8Da_ma%C4%8Dka"
+                          title="Domača mačka – Slovenian"
+                          lang="sl"
+                          hreflang="sl"
+                          data-title="Domača mačka"
+                          data-language-autonym="Slovenščina"
+                          data-language-local-name="Slovenian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Slovenščina</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8A"
+                          title="Котъ – Church Slavic"
+                          lang="cu"
+                          hreflang="cu"
+                          data-title="Котъ"
+                          data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Church Slavic"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot"
+                          title="Kot – Silesian"
+                          lang="szl"
+                          hreflang="szl"
+                          data-title="Kot"
+                          data-language-autonym="Ślůnski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Silesian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Ślůnski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaanyuur"
+                          title="Yaanyuur – Somali"
+                          lang="so"
+                          hreflang="so"
+                          data-title="Yaanyuur"
+                          data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga"
+                          data-language-local-name="Somali"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Soomaaliga</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95"
+                          title="پشیلە – Central Kurdish"
+                          lang="ckb"
+                          hreflang="ckb"
+                          data-title="پشیلە"
+                          data-language-autonym="کوردی"
+                          data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>کوردی</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puspusi"
+                          title="Puspusi – Sranan Tongo"
+                          lang="srn"
+                          hreflang="srn"
+                          data-title="Puspusi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Sranantongo"
+                          data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Sranantongo</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0"
+                          title="Мачка – Serbian"
+                          lang="sr"
+                          hreflang="sr"
+                          data-title="Мачка"
+                          data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski"
+                          data-language-local-name="Serbian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Српски / srpski</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dka"
+                          title="Mačka – Serbo-Croatian"
+                          lang="sh"
+                          hreflang="sh"
+                          data-title="Mačka"
+                          data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски"
+                          data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucing"
+                          title="Ucing – Sundanese"
+                          lang="su"
+                          hreflang="su"
+                          data-title="Ucing"
+                          data-language-autonym="Sunda"
+                          data-language-local-name="Sundanese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Sunda</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissa"
+                          title="Kissa – Finnish"
+                          lang="fi"
+                          hreflang="fi"
+                          data-title="Kissa"
+                          data-language-autonym="Suomi"
+                          data-language-local-name="Finnish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Suomi</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katt"
+                          title="Katt – Swedish"
+                          lang="sv"
+                          hreflang="sv"
+                          data-title="Katt"
+                          data-language-autonym="Svenska"
+                          data-language-local-name="Swedish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Svenska</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusa"
+                          title="Pusa – Tagalog"
+                          lang="tl"
+                          hreflang="tl"
+                          data-title="Pusa"
+                          data-language-autonym="Tagalog"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tagalog"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Tagalog</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88"
+                          title="பூனை – Tamil"
+                          lang="ta"
+                          hreflang="ta"
+                          data-title="பூனை"
+                          data-language-autonym="தமிழ்"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tamil"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>தமிழ்</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amuc"
+                          title="Amuc – Tachelhit"
+                          lang="shi"
+                          hreflang="shi"
+                          data-title="Amuc"
+                          data-language-autonym="Taclḥit"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tachelhit"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Taclḥit</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amcic"
+                          title="Amcic – Kabyle"
+                          lang="kab"
+                          hreflang="kab"
+                          data-title="Amcic"
+                          data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kabyle"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Taqbaylit</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%87%D0%B5"
+                          title="Мәче – Tatar"
+                          lang="tt"
+                          hreflang="tt"
+                          data-title="Мәче"
+                          data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tatar"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%82%85%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8"
+                          title="မႅဝ်း – Shan"
+                          lang="shn"
+                          hreflang="shn"
+                          data-title="မႅဝ်း"
+                          data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး "
+                          data-language-local-name="Shan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/ngyaw"
+                          title="ngyaw – Tayal"
+                          lang="tay"
+                          hreflang="tay"
+                          data-title="ngyaw"
+                          data-language-autonym="Tayal"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tayal"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Tayal</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF"
+                          title="పిల్లి – Telugu"
+                          lang="te"
+                          hreflang="te"
+                          data-title="పిల్లి"
+                          data-language-autonym="తెలుగు"
+                          data-language-local-name="Telugu"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>తెలుగు</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7"
+                          title="แมว – Thai"
+                          lang="th"
+                          hreflang="th"
+                          data-title="แมว"
+                          data-language-autonym="ไทย"
+                          data-language-local-name="Thai"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ไทย</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0"
+                          title="Гурба – Tajik"
+                          lang="tg"
+                          hreflang="tg"
+                          data-title="Гурба"
+                          data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tajik"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusi"
+                          title="Pusi – Tongan"
+                          lang="to"
+                          hreflang="to"
+                          data-title="Pusi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tongan"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%AA%E1%8F%8C"
+                          title="ᏪᏌ – Cherokee"
+                          lang="chr"
+                          hreflang="chr"
+                          data-title="ᏪᏌ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Cherokee"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%86"
+                          title="ಪುಚ್ಚೆ – Tulu"
+                          lang="tcy"
+                          hreflang="tcy"
+                          data-title="ಪುಚ್ಚೆ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ತುಳು"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tulu"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ತುಳು</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedi"
+                          title="Kedi – Turkish"
+                          lang="tr"
+                          hreflang="tr"
+                          data-title="Kedi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Türkçe"
+                          data-language-local-name="Turkish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Türkçe</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fik"
+                          title="Pişik – Turkmen"
+                          lang="tk"
+                          hreflang="tk"
+                          data-title="Pişik"
+                          data-language-autonym="Türkmençe"
+                          data-language-local-name="Turkmen"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Türkmençe</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1kwi"
+                          title="A̱kwi – Tyap"
+                          lang="kcg"
+                          hreflang="kcg"
+                          data-title="A̱kwi"
+                          data-language-autonym="Tyap"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tyap"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Tyap</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%81"
+                          title="Диис – Tuvinian"
+                          lang="tyv"
+                          hreflang="tyv"
+                          data-title="Диис"
+                          data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tuvinian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Тыва дыл</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D3%B5%D1%8B%D1%88"
+                          title="Коӵыш – Udmurt"
+                          lang="udm"
+                          hreflang="udm"
+                          data-title="Коӵыш"
+                          data-language-autonym="Удмурт"
+                          data-language-local-name="Udmurt"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Удмурт</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8C%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%97"
+                          title="ᨌᨚᨀᨗ – Buginese"
+                          lang="bug"
+                          hreflang="bug"
+                          data-title="ᨌᨚᨀᨗ"
+                          data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi"
+                          data-language-local-name="Buginese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Basa Ugi</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9"
+                          title="Кіт свійський – Ukrainian"
+                          lang="uk"
+                          hreflang="uk"
+                          data-title="Кіт свійський"
+                          data-language-autonym="Українська"
+                          data-language-local-name="Ukrainian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Українська</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C"
+                          title="بلی – Urdu"
+                          lang="ur"
+                          hreflang="ur"
+                          data-title="بلی"
+                          data-language-autonym="اردو"
+                          data-language-local-name="Urdu"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>اردو</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%88%D8%B4%DB%88%D9%83"
+                          title="مۈشۈك – Uyghur"
+                          lang="ug"
+                          hreflang="ug"
+                          data-title="مۈشۈك"
+                          data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche"
+                          data-language-local-name="Uyghur"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meuz"
+                          title="Meuz – Zhuang"
+                          lang="za"
+                          hreflang="za"
+                          data-title="Meuz"
+                          data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh"
+                          data-language-local-name="Zhuang"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Vahcuengh</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                          title="Felis silvestris catus – Venetian"
+                          lang="vec"
+                          hreflang="vec"
+                          data-title="Felis silvestris catus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Vèneto"
+                          data-language-local-name="Venetian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Vèneto</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BEi"
+                          title="Kaži – Veps"
+                          lang="vep"
+                          hreflang="vep"
+                          data-title="Kaži"
+                          data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’"
+                          data-language-local-name="Veps"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8o"
+                          title="Mèo – Vietnamese"
+                          lang="vi"
+                          hreflang="vi"
+                          data-title="Mèo"
+                          data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt"
+                          data-language-local-name="Vietnamese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat"
+                          title="Kat – Volapük"
+                          lang="vo"
+                          hreflang="vo"
+                          data-title="Kat"
+                          data-language-autonym="Volapük"
+                          data-language-local-name="Volapük"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Volapük</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kass"
+                          title="Kass – Võro"
+                          lang="vro"
+                          hreflang="vro"
+                          data-title="Kass"
+                          data-language-autonym="Võro"
+                          data-language-local-name="Võro"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Võro</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchet"
+                          title="Tchet – Walloon"
+                          lang="wa"
+                          hreflang="wa"
+                          data-title="Tchet"
+                          data-language-autonym="Walon"
+                          data-language-local-name="Walloon"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Walon</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muusa"
+                          title="Muusa – Wayuu"
+                          lang="guc"
+                          hreflang="guc"
+                          data-title="Muusa"
+                          data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki"
+                          data-language-local-name="Wayuu"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%93"
+                          title="貓 – Literary Chinese"
+                          lang="lzh"
+                          hreflang="lzh"
+                          data-title="貓"
+                          data-language-autonym="文言"
+                          data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>文言</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katte"
+                          title="Katte – West Flemish"
+                          lang="vls"
+                          hreflang="vls"
+                          data-title="Katte"
+                          data-language-autonym="West-Vlams"
+                          data-language-local-name="West Flemish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>West-Vlams</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misay"
+                          title="Misay – Waray"
+                          lang="war"
+                          hreflang="war"
+                          data-title="Misay"
+                          data-language-autonym="Winaray"
+                          data-language-local-name="Waray"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Winaray</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muus"
+                          title="Muus – Wolof"
+                          lang="wo"
+                          hreflang="wo"
+                          data-title="Muus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Wolof"
+                          data-language-local-name="Wolof"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Wolof</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%93"
+                          title="貓 – Wu"
+                          lang="wuu"
+                          hreflang="wuu"
+                          data-title="貓"
+                          data-language-autonym="吴语"
+                          data-language-local-name="Wu"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>吴语</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A5"
+                          title="קאץ – Yiddish"
+                          lang="yi"
+                          hreflang="yi"
+                          data-title="קאץ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ייִדיש"
+                          data-language-local-name="Yiddish"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ייִדיש</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%B3gb%C3%B2"
+                          title="Ológbò – Yoruba"
+                          lang="yo"
+                          hreflang="yo"
+                          data-title="Ológbò"
+                          data-language-autonym="Yorùbá"
+                          data-language-local-name="Yoruba"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Yorùbá</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%93"
+                          title="貓 – Cantonese"
+                          lang="yue"
+                          hreflang="yue"
+                          data-title="貓"
+                          data-language-autonym="粵語"
+                          data-language-local-name="Cantonese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>粵語</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%B1s%C4%B1ng"
+                          title="Pısıng – Zazaki"
+                          lang="diq"
+                          hreflang="diq"
+                          data-title="Pısıng"
+                          data-language-autonym="Zazaki"
+                          data-language-local-name="Zazaki"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Zazaki</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li
+                        class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"
+                      >
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katie"
+                          title="Katie – Samogitian"
+                          lang="sgs"
+                          hreflang="sgs"
+                          data-title="Katie"
+                          data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška"
+                          data-language-local-name="Samogitian"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Žemaitėška</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8C%AB"
+                          title="猫 – Chinese"
+                          lang="zh"
+                          hreflang="zh"
+                          data-title="猫"
+                          data-language-autonym="中文"
+                          data-language-local-name="Chinese"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>中文</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huting"
+                          title="Huting – Batak Toba"
+                          lang="bbc"
+                          hreflang="bbc"
+                          data-title="Huting"
+                          data-language-autonym="Batak Toba"
+                          data-language-local-name="Batak Toba"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Batak Toba</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing"
+                          title="Kucing – West Coast Bajau"
+                          lang="bdr"
+                          hreflang="bdr"
+                          data-title="Kucing"
+                          data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama"
+                          data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Bajau Sama</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing"
+                          title="Kucing – Betawi"
+                          lang="bew"
+                          hreflang="bew"
+                          data-title="Kucing"
+                          data-language-autonym="Betawi"
+                          data-language-local-name="Betawi"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Betawi</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingau"
+                          title="Tingau – Central Dusun"
+                          lang="dtp"
+                          hreflang="dtp"
+                          data-title="Tingau"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun"
+                          data-language-local-name="Central Dusun"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kadazandusun</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%C3%A9"
+                          title="Asé – Fon"
+                          lang="fon"
+                          hreflang="fon"
+                          data-title="Asé"
+                          data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè"
+                          data-language-local-name="Fon"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayau"
+                          title="Mayau – Iban"
+                          lang="iba"
+                          hreflang="iba"
+                          data-title="Mayau"
+                          data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban"
+                          data-language-local-name="Iban"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Jaku Iban</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing"
+                          title="Kucing – Komering"
+                          lang="kge"
+                          hreflang="kge"
+                          data-title="Kucing"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kumoring"
+                          data-language-local-name="Komering"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kumoring</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kus mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://kus.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amus"
+                          title="Amus – Kusaal"
+                          lang="kus"
+                          hreflang="kus"
+                          data-title="Amus"
+                          data-language-autonym="Kʋsaal"
+                          data-language-local-name="Kusaal"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Kʋsaal</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A6%E1%A5%9D%E1%A5%B4"
+                          title="ᥛᥦᥝᥴ – Tai Nuea"
+                          lang="tdd"
+                          hreflang="tdd"
+                          data-title="ᥛᥦᥝᥴ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyty"
+                          title="Kyty – Talysh"
+                          lang="tly"
+                          hreflang="tly"
+                          data-title="Kyty"
+                          data-language-autonym="Tolışi"
+                          data-language-local-name="Talysh"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>Tolışi</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item">
+                        <a
+                          href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9B"
+                          title="ⴰⵎⵛⵉⵛ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight"
+                          lang="zgh"
+                          hreflang="zgh"
+                          data-title="ⴰⵎⵛⵉⵛ"
+                          data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ"
+                          data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight"
+                          class="interlanguage-link-target"
+                          ><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                    <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang">
+                      <span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"
+                        ><a
+                          href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146#sitelinks-wikipedia"
+                          title="Edit interlanguage links"
+                          class="wbc-editpage"
+                          >Edit links</a
+                        ></span
+                      >
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </header>
+            <div class="vector-page-toolbar">
+              <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container">
+                <div id="left-navigation">
+                  <nav aria-label="Namespaces">
+                    <div
+                      id="p-associated-pages"
+                      class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages"
+                    >
+                      <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                        <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-nstab-main"
+                            class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Cat"
+                              title="View the content page [c]"
+                              accesskey="c"
+                              ><span>Article</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-talk"
+                            class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Talk:Cat"
+                              rel="discussion"
+                              title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]"
+                              accesskey="t"
+                              ><span>Talk</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                        </ul>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+
+                    <div
+                      id="vector-variants-dropdown"
+                      class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet"
+                    >
+                      <input
+                        type="checkbox"
+                        id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        role="button"
+                        aria-haspopup="true"
+                        data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown"
+                        class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        aria-label="Change language variant"
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+                      <label
+                        id="vector-variants-dropdown-label"
+                        for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet"
+                        aria-hidden="true"
+                        ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span>
+                      </label>
+                      <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                        <div
+                          id="p-variants"
+                          class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet"
+                        >
+                          <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                            <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"></ul>
+                          </div>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </nav>
+                </div>
+                <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible">
+                  <nav aria-label="Views">
+                    <div
+                      id="p-views"
+                      class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views"
+                    >
+                      <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                        <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-view"
+                            class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Cat"><span>Read</span></a>
+                          </li>
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-viewsource"
+                            class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=edit"
+                              title="This page is protected.&#10;You can view its source [e]"
+                              accesskey="e"
+                              ><span>View source</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                          <li
+                            id="ca-history"
+                            class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=history"
+                              title="Past revisions of this page [h]"
+                              accesskey="h"
+                              ><span>View history</span></a
+                            >
+                          </li>
+                        </ul>
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+                    </div>
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+
+                  <nav
+                    class="vector-page-tools-landmark"
+                    aria-label="Page tools"
+                  >
+                    <div
+                      id="vector-page-tools-dropdown"
+                      class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown"
+                    >
+                      <input
+                        type="checkbox"
+                        id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        role="button"
+                        aria-haspopup="true"
+                        data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown"
+                        class="vector-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        aria-label="Tools"
+                      />
+                      <label
+                        id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label"
+                        for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox"
+                        class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet"
+                        aria-hidden="true"
+                        ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span>
+                      </label>
+                      <div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+                        <div
+                          id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container"
+                          class="vector-unpinned-container"
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+                          <div
+                            id="vector-page-tools"
+                            class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"
+                          >
+                            <div
+                              class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned"
+                              data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned"
+                              data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools"
+                              data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container"
+                              data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container"
+                            >
+                              <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">
+                                Tools
+                              </div>
+                              <button
+                                class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button"
+                                data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin"
+                              >
+                                move to sidebar
+                              </button>
+                              <button
+                                class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button"
+                                data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin"
+                              >
+                                hide
+                              </button>
+                            </div>
+
+                            <div
+                              id="p-cactions"
+                              class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items"
+                              title="More options"
+                            >
+                              <div class="vector-menu-heading">Actions</div>
+                              <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                                <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                                  <li
+                                    id="ca-more-view"
+                                    class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a href="/wiki/Cat"><span>Read</span></a>
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li
+                                    id="ca-more-viewsource"
+                                    class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=edit"
+                                      ><span>View source</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li
+                                    id="ca-more-history"
+                                    class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=history"
+                                      ><span>View history</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                </ul>
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+
+                            <div
+                              id="p-tb"
+                              class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb"
+                            >
+                              <div class="vector-menu-heading">General</div>
+                              <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                                <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                                  <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cat"
+                                      title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]"
+                                      accesskey="j"
+                                      ><span>What links here</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li
+                                    id="t-recentchangeslinked"
+                                    class="mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cat"
+                                      rel="nofollow"
+                                      title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]"
+                                      accesskey="k"
+                                      ><span>Related changes</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard"
+                                      title="Upload files [u]"
+                                      accesskey="u"
+                                      ><span>Upload file</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"
+                                      title="A list of all special pages [q]"
+                                      accesskey="q"
+                                      ><span>Special pages</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;oldid=1256722250"
+                                      title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"
+                                      ><span>Permanent link</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=info"
+                                      title="More information about this page"
+                                      ><span>Page information</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Cat&amp;id=1256722250&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform"
+                                      title="Information on how to cite this page"
+                                      ><span>Cite this page</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCat"
+                                      ><span>Get shortened URL</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li
+                                    id="t-urlshortener-qrcode"
+                                    class="mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCat"
+                                      ><span>Download QR code</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                </ul>
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+
+                            <div
+                              id="p-coll-print_export"
+                              class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export"
+                            >
+                              <div class="vector-menu-heading">
+                                Print/export
+                              </div>
+                              <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                                <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                                  <li
+                                    id="coll-download-as-rl"
+                                    class="mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Cat&amp;action=show-download-screen"
+                                      title="Download this page as a PDF file"
+                                      ><span>Download as PDF</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;printable=yes"
+                                      title="Printable version of this page [p]"
+                                      accesskey="p"
+                                      ><span>Printable version</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                </ul>
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+
+                            <div
+                              id="p-wikibase-otherprojects"
+                              class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects"
+                            >
+                              <div class="vector-menu-heading">
+                                In other projects
+                              </div>
+                              <div class="vector-menu-content">
+                                <ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+                                  <li
+                                    class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                                      hreflang="en"
+                                      ><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li
+                                    class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Cats"
+                                      hreflang="en"
+                                      ><span>Wikinews</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li
+                                    class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cats"
+                                      hreflang="en"
+                                      ><span>Wikiquote</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                  <li
+                                    id="t-wikibase"
+                                    class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"
+                                  >
+                                    <a
+                                      href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146"
+                                      title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]"
+                                      accesskey="g"
+                                      ><span>Wikidata item</span></a
+                                    >
+                                  </li>
+                                </ul>
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+                          </div>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </nav>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="vector-column-end">
+              <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container">
+                <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools">
+                  <div
+                    id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container"
+                    class="vector-pinned-container"
+                  ></div>
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+                <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance">
+                  <div
+                    id="vector-appearance-pinned-container"
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+                      class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"
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+                        data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container"
+                      >
+                        <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">
+                          Appearance
+                        </div>
+                        <button
+                          class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button"
+                          data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin"
+                        >
+                          move to sidebar
+                        </button>
+                        <button
+                          class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button"
+                          data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin"
+                        >
+                          hide
+                        </button>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </nav>
+              </div>
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+            <div
+              id="bodyContent"
+              class="vector-body"
+              aria-labelledby="firstHeading"
+              data-mw-ve-target-container
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+              <div class="vector-body-before-content">
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+                  <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator">
+                    <div class="mw-parser-output">
+                      <span typeof="mw:File"
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*"
+                          title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."
+                          ><img
+                            alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information."
+                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png"
+                            decoding="async"
+                            width="19"
+                            height="20"
+                            class="mw-file-element"
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+                            "
+                            data-file-width="180"
+                            data-file-height="185" /></a
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+                  <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator">
+                    <div class="mw-parser-output">
+                      <span typeof="mw:File"
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi"
+                          title="This article is semi-protected."
+                          ><img
+                            alt="Page semi-protected"
+                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png"
+                            decoding="async"
+                            width="20"
+                            height="20"
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+                            "
+                            data-file-width="512"
+                            data-file-height="512" /></a
+                      ></span>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator">
+                    <div class="mw-parser-output">
+                      <span typeof="mw:File"
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/File:En-Cat_(part_1).ogg"
+                          title="Listen to this article"
+                          ><img
+                            alt="Listen to this article"
+                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png"
+                            decoding="async"
+                            width="20"
+                            height="15"
+                            class="mw-file-element"
+                            srcset="
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x,
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x
+                            "
+                            data-file-width="128"
+                            data-file-height="96" /></a
+                      ></span>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">
+                  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div>
+
+              <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content">
+                <div
+                  class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output"
+                  lang="en"
+                  dir="ltr"
+                >
+                  <div
+                    class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux"
+                    style="display: none"
+                  >
+                    Small domesticated mammal
+                  </div>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">
+                    .mw-parser-output .hatnote {
+                      font-style: italic;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output div.hatnote {
+                      padding-left: 1.6em;
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+                    }
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+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    This article is about the species commonly kept as a pet.
+                    For the cat family, see
+                    <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>. For
+                    other uses, see
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_(disambiguation)"
+                      class="mw-disambig"
+                      title="Cat (disambiguation)"
+                      >Cat (disambiguation)</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cats_(disambiguation)"
+                      class="mw-disambig"
+                      title="Cats (disambiguation)"
+                      >Cats (disambiguation)</a
+                    >.
+                  </div>
+                  <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p>
+                  <table
+                    class="infobox biota"
+                    style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"
+                  >
+                    <tbody>
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="
+                            color: inherit;
+                            text-align: center;
+                            background-color: rgb(235, 235, 210);
+                          "
+                        >
+                          Cat<br />
+                          <div style="font-size: 85%">
+                            Temporal range: 9,500 years ago – present
+                          </div>
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">
+                          <style
+                            data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"
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+                                .mw-parser-output
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+                                .multiimageinner
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+                                <div
+                                  class="tsingle"
+                                  style="width: 183px; max-width: 183px"
+                                >
+                                  <div style="height: 110px; overflow: hidden">
+                                    <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                      ><a
+                                        href="/wiki/File:Cat_August_2010-4.jpg"
+                                        class="mw-file-description"
+                                        ><img
+                                          alt=""
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+                                  </div>
+                                </div>
+                                <div
+                                  class="tsingle"
+                                  style="width: 80px; max-width: 80px"
+                                >
+                                  <div style="height: 110px; overflow: hidden">
+                                    <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                      ><a
+                                        href="/wiki/File:Gustav_chocolate.jpg"
+                                        class="mw-file-description"
+                                        ><img
+                                          alt=""
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+                                          "
+                                          data-file-width="1000"
+                                          data-file-height="1427" /></a
+                                    ></span>
+                                  </div>
+                                </div>
+                              </div>
+                              <div class="trow">
+                                <div
+                                  class="tsingle"
+                                  style="width: 114px; max-width: 114px"
+                                >
+                                  <div style="height: 149px; overflow: hidden">
+                                    <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                      ><a
+                                        href="/wiki/File:Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg"
+                                        class="mw-file-description"
+                                        ><img
+                                          alt=""
+                                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg/112px-Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg"
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+                                            //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg/224px-Orange_tabby_cat_sitting_on_fallen_leaves-Hisashi-01A.jpg 2x
+                                          "
+                                          data-file-width="2136"
+                                          data-file-height="2848" /></a
+                                    ></span>
+                                  </div>
+                                </div>
+                                <div
+                                  class="tsingle"
+                                  style="width: 149px; max-width: 149px"
+                                >
+                                  <div style="height: 149px; overflow: hidden">
+                                    <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                      ><a
+                                        href="/wiki/File:Siam_lilacpoint.jpg"
+                                        class="mw-file-description"
+                                        ><img
+                                          alt=""
+                                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Siam_lilacpoint.jpg/147px-Siam_lilacpoint.jpg"
+                                          decoding="async"
+                                          width="147"
+                                          height="150"
+                                          class="mw-file-element"
+                                          srcset="
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+                                          "
+                                          data-file-width="982"
+                                          data-file-height="1000" /></a
+                                    ></span>
+                                  </div>
+                                </div>
+                              </div>
+                              <div class="trow">
+                                <div
+                                  class="tsingle"
+                                  style="width: 265px; max-width: 265px"
+                                >
+                                  <div style="height: 175px; overflow: hidden">
+                                    <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                      ><a
+                                        href="/wiki/File:Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg"
+                                        class="mw-file-description"
+                                        ><img
+                                          alt=""
+                                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg/263px-Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg"
+                                          decoding="async"
+                                          width="263"
+                                          height="175"
+                                          class="mw-file-element"
+                                          srcset="
+                                            //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg/395px-Felis_catus-cat_on_snow.jpg 1.5x,
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+                                  </div>
+                                </div>
+                              </div>
+                              <div class="trow" style="display: flex">
+                                <div>Various types of cats</div>
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr
+                        style="
+                          color: inherit;
+                          text-align: center;
+                          background-color: rgb(235, 235, 210);
+                        "
+                      >
+                        <th colspan="2">
+                          <div style="text-align: center">
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Conservation_status"
+                              title="Conservation status"
+                              >Conservation status</a
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2">
+                          <div style="text-align: center">
+                            Domesticated <small></small>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="
+                            color: inherit;
+                            min-width: 15em;
+                            text-align: center;
+                            background-color: rgb(235, 235, 210);
+                          "
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)"
+                            title="Taxonomy (biology)"
+                            >Scientific classification</a
+                          >
+                          <span
+                            class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert"
+                            style="
+                              font-size: smaller;
+                              float: right;
+                              padding-right: 0.4em;
+                              margin-left: -3em;
+                            "
+                            ><span typeof="mw:File"
+                              ><a
+                                href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Felis"
+                                title="Edit this classification"
+                                ><img
+                                  alt="Edit this classification"
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png"
+                                  decoding="async"
+                                  width="15"
+                                  height="15"
+                                  class="mw-file-element"
+                                  srcset="
+                                    //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x,
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+                                  "
+                                  data-file-width="20"
+                                  data-file-height="20" /></a></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Domain:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote"
+                            >Eukaryota</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Kingdom:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Phylum:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Class:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Order:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora"
+                            >Carnivora</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Suborder:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia"
+                            >Feliformia</a
+                          >
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Family:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Subfamily:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Genus:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis"><i>Felis</i></a>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <td>Species:</td>
+                        <td>
+                          <div style="display: inline" class="species">
+                            <i
+                              ><b
+                                >F.&#160;catus<sup
+                                  id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-0"
+                                  class="reference"
+                                  ><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1758-1"
+                                    ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span
+                                    >1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a
+                                  ></sup
+                                ></b
+                              ></i
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="
+                            color: inherit;
+                            text-align: center;
+                            background-color: rgb(235, 235, 210);
+                          "
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature"
+                            title="Binomial nomenclature"
+                            >Binomial name</a
+                          >
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">
+                          <b
+                            ><span class="binomial"
+                              ><span style="font-weight: normal"></span
+                              ><i
+                                >Felis catus<sup
+                                  id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-0"
+                                  class="reference"
+                                  ><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1758-1"
+                                    ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span
+                                    >1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a
+                                  ></sup
+                                ></i
+                              ></span
+                            ></b
+                          ><br />
+                          <div style="font-size: 85%">
+                            <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus"
+                              >Linnaeus</a
+                            >,
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae"
+                              title="10th edition of Systema Naturae"
+                              >1758</a
+                            ><sup id="cite_ref-MSW3fc_2-0" class="reference"
+                              ><a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-2"
+                                ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span
+                                  class="cite-bracket"
+                                  >&#93;</span
+                                ></a
+                              ></sup
+                            >
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+
+                      <tr>
+                        <th
+                          colspan="2"
+                          style="
+                            color: inherit;
+                            text-align: center;
+                            background-color: rgb(235, 235, 210);
+                          "
+                        >
+                          <a
+                            href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)"
+                            title="Synonym (taxonomy)"
+                            >Synonyms</a
+                          >
+                        </th>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left">
+                          <ul>
+                            <li>
+                              <i>Catus domesticus</i>
+                              <span style="font-size: 85%"
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Polycarp_Erxleben"
+                                  title="Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben"
+                                  >Erxleben</a
+                                >, 1777</span
+                              ><sup id="cite_ref-Erxleben_3-0" class="reference"
+                                ><a href="#cite_note-Erxleben-3"
+                                  ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span
+                                    class="cite-bracket"
+                                    >&#93;</span
+                                  ></a
+                                ></sup
+                              >
+                            </li>
+                            <li>
+                              <i>F. angorensis</i>
+                              <span style="font-size: 85%"
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Karl_Christian_Gmelin"
+                                  title="Karl Christian Gmelin"
+                                  >Gmelin</a
+                                >, 1788</span
+                              >
+                            </li>
+                            <li>
+                              <i>F. vulgaris</i>
+                              <span style="font-size: 85%">Fischer, 1829</span>
+                            </li>
+                          </ul>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                    </tbody>
+                  </table>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">
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+                  <p>
+                    The <b>cat</b> (<i><b>Felis catus</b></i
+                    >), also referred to as <b>domestic cat</b> or
+                    <b>house cat</b>, is a small
+                    <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication"
+                      >domesticated</a
+                    >
+                    carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated
+                    <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of the
+                    family <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a>.
+                    Advances in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology"
+                      >archaeology</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a> have
+                    shown that the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_cat"
+                      title="Domestication of the cat"
+                      >domestication of the cat</a
+                    >
+                    occurred in the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>
+                    around 7500
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Before_Christ"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Before Christ"
+                      >BC</a
+                    >. It is commonly kept as a
+                    <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pet</a> and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">farm cat</a>, but
+                    also ranges freely as a
+                    <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">feral cat</a>
+                    avoiding human contact. Valued by humans for companionship
+                    and its ability to kill
+                    <a href="/wiki/Vermin" title="Vermin">vermin</a>, the cat's
+                    retractable <a href="/wiki/Claw" title="Claw">claws</a> are
+                    adapted to killing
+                    <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">small prey</a>
+                    like
+                    <a href="/wiki/Mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Mice"
+                      >mice</a
+                    >
+                    and <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a>. It has a
+                    strong, flexible body, quick
+                    <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflexes</a>, and
+                    sharp teeth, and its
+                    <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision"
+                      >night vision</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Sense_of_smell" title="Sense of smell"
+                      >sense of smell</a
+                    >
+                    are well developed. It is a
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Social_species"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Social species"
+                      >social species</a
+                    >, but a solitary hunter and a
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Crepuscular"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Crepuscular"
+                      >crepuscular</a
+                    >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Predator"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Predator"
+                      >predator</a
+                    >.
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication"
+                      >Cat communication</a
+                    >
+                    includes vocalizations—including
+                    <a href="/wiki/Meow" title="Meow">meowing</a>,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">purring</a>, trilling,
+                    <a
+                      href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hiss"
+                      class="extiw"
+                      title="wiktionary:hiss"
+                      >hissing</a
+                    >, <a href="/wiki/Growling" title="Growling">growling</a>,
+                    and
+                    <a
+                      href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grunt"
+                      class="extiw"
+                      title="wiktionary:grunt"
+                      >grunting</a
+                    >–as well as
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_body_language"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Cat body language"
+                      >body language</a
+                    >. It can hear sounds too faint or too high in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a>
+                    for <a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">human ears</a>, such as
+                    those made by
+                    <a href="/wiki/Small_mammal" title="Small mammal"
+                      >small mammals</a
+                    >. It secretes and perceives
+                    <a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">pheromones</a>.
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Female domestic cats can have
+                    <a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">kittens</a> from
+                    <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)"
+                      >spring</a
+                    >
+                    to late <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">autumn</a> in
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Temperate_zones"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Temperate zones"
+                      >temperate zones</a
+                    >
+                    and throughout the year in
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Equatorial_region"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Equatorial region"
+                      >equatorial regions</a
+                    >, with
+                    <a href="/wiki/Litter_(zoology)" title="Litter (zoology)"
+                      >litter</a
+                    >
+                    sizes often ranging from two to five kittens. Domestic cats
+                    are bred and shown at events as registered
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Pedigreed_cat"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Pedigreed cat"
+                      >pedigreed cats</a
+                    >, a hobby known as
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_fancy" title="Cat fancy">cat fancy</a>.
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Animal_population_control"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Animal population control"
+                      >Animal population control</a
+                    >
+                    of cats may be achieved by
+                    <a href="/wiki/Spaying" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaying"
+                      >spaying</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutering</a>,
+                    but their proliferation and the abandonment of pets has
+                    resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide,
+                    contributing to the extinction of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a>,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a>, and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptile</a> species.
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    As of 2017,<sup
+                      class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update"
+                      style="display: none"
+                      ><a
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=edit"
+                        >&#91;update&#93;</a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
+                    United States, with 95.6&#160;million cats owned and around
+                    42 million households owning at least one cat. In the United
+                    Kingdom, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated
+                    population of 10.9&#160;million pet cats as of 2020.<sup
+                      class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update"
+                      style="display: none"
+                      ><a
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=edit"
+                        >&#91;update&#93;</a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    As of 2021,<sup
+                      class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update"
+                      style="display: none"
+                      ><a
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=edit"
+                        >&#91;update&#93;</a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    there were an estimated 220 million owned and
+                    480&#160;million stray cats in the world.
+                  </p>
+                  <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Etymology_and_naming">Etymology and naming</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    The origin of the English word <i>cat</i>,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English"
+                      >Old English</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"
+                      ><i lang="ang">catt</i></span
+                    >, is thought to be the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a>
+                    word
+                    <span title="Latin-language text"
+                      ><i lang="la">cattus</i></span
+                    >, which was first used at the beginning of the 6th
+                    century.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-4"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The Late Latin word may be derived from an unidentified
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa"
+                      title="Languages of Africa"
+                      >African language</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-5"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The
+                    <a href="/wiki/Nubian_languages" title="Nubian languages"
+                      >Nubian</a
+                    >
+                    word
+                    <span title="Nubian languages collective text"
+                      ><i lang="nub">kaddîska</i></span
+                    >
+                    'wildcat' and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Nobiin_language" title="Nobiin language"
+                      >Nobiin</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="Nubian languages collective text"
+                      ><i lang="nub">kadīs</i></span
+                    >
+                    are possible sources or cognates.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-6"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-6"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    The forms might also have derived from an ancient Germanic
+                    word that was absorbed into Latin and then into Greek,
+                    Syriac, and Arabic.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-7"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The word may be derived from Germanic and Northern European
+                    languages, and ultimately be borrowed from
+                    <a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages"
+                      >Uralic</a
+                    >, <abbr title="compare">cf.</abbr>
+                    <a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi"
+                      >Northern Sámi</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="Northern Sami-language text"
+                      ><i lang="se">gáđfi</i></span
+                    >, 'female <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">stoat</a>',
+                    and
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Hungarian_language"
+                      title="Hungarian language"
+                      >Hungarian</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="Hungarian-language text"
+                      ><i lang="hu">hölgy</i></span
+                    >, 'lady, female stoat'; from
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Proto-Uralic_language"
+                      title="Proto-Uralic language"
+                      >Proto-Uralic</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="uncoded-language text"
+                      >&#42;<i lang="mis">käďwä</i></span
+                    >, 'female (of a furred animal)'.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-8"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-8"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    The English
+                    <i
+                      ><a
+                        href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/puss#English"
+                        class="extiw"
+                        title="wikt:puss"
+                        >puss</a
+                      ></i
+                    >, extended as <i>pussy</i> and <i>pussycat</i>, is attested
+                    from the 16th century and may have been introduced from
+                    <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language"
+                      >Dutch</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="Dutch-language text"
+                      ><i lang="nl">poes</i></span
+                    >
+                    or from
+                    <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a>
+                    <span title="Low German-language text"
+                      ><i lang="nds">puuskatte</i></span
+                    >, related to
+                    <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language"
+                      >Swedish</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="Swedish-language text"
+                      ><i lang="sv">kattepus</i></span
+                    >, or
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Norwegian_language"
+                      title="Norwegian language"
+                      >Norwegian</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="Norwegian-language text"
+                      ><i lang="no">pus</i></span
+                    >,
+                    <span title="Norwegian-language text"
+                      ><i lang="no">pusekatt</i></span
+                    >. Similar forms exist in
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language"
+                      title="Lithuanian language"
+                      >Lithuanian</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="Lithuanian-language text"
+                      ><i lang="lt">puižė</i></span
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language"
+                      >Irish</a
+                    >
+                    <span title="Irish-language text"
+                      ><i lang="ga">puisín</i></span
+                    >
+                    or
+                    <span title="Irish-language text"
+                      ><i lang="ga">puiscín</i></span
+                    >. The etymology of this word is unknown, but it may have
+                    <a href="/wiki/Onomatopoeia" title="Onomatopoeia"
+                      >arisen from a sound</a
+                    >
+                    used to attract a cat.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-9"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Gramercy_Unabridged_10-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Gramercy_Unabridged-10"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    A male cat is called a <i>tom</i> or <i>tomcat</i
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-11"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    (or a <i>gib</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-12"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    if
+                    <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutered</a>). A
+                    female is called a <i>queen</i
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-13"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-14"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    (or sometimes a <i>molly</i>,<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-15"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-15"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    if
+                    <a href="/wiki/Spaying" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaying"
+                      >spayed</a
+                    >). A juvenile cat is referred to as a
+                    <i><a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">kitten</a></i
+                    >. In
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Early_Modern_English"
+                      title="Early Modern English"
+                      >Early Modern English</a
+                    >, the word <i>kitten</i> was interchangeable with the
+                    now-obsolete word <i>catling</i>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-16"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-16"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    A group of cats can be referred to as a <i>clowder</i>, a
+                    <i>glaring</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-17"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    or a <i>colony</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-18"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    The
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Scientific_name"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Scientific name"
+                      >scientific name</a
+                    >
+                    <i>Felis catus</i> was proposed by
+                    <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus"
+                      >Carl Linnaeus</a
+                    >
+                    in 1758 for a domestic cat.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1758-1"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-MSW3fc_2-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-MSW3fc-2"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    <i>Felis catus domesticus</i> was proposed by
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Polycarp_Erxleben"
+                      title="Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben"
+                      >Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben</a
+                    >
+                    in 1777.<sup id="cite_ref-Erxleben_3-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Erxleben-3"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    <i>Felis daemon</i> proposed by
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Konstantin_Satunin"
+                      title="Konstantin Satunin"
+                      >Konstantin Satunin</a
+                    >
+                    in 1904 was a black cat from the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Transcaucasus"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Transcaucasus"
+                      >Transcaucasus</a
+                    >, later identified as a domestic cat.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-19"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-19"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-20"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    In 2003, the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature"
+                      title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature"
+                      >International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a
+                    >
+                    ruled that the domestic cat is a distinct species, namely
+                    <i>Felis catus</i>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-ICZN_21-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-ICZN-21"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-22"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In 2007, the modern domesticated subspecies
+                    <i>F. silvestris catus</i> sampled worldwide was considered
+                    to have likely descended from the
+                    <a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat"
+                      >African wildcat</a
+                    >
+                    (<i>F. lybica</i>), following results of
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Phylogenetic"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Phylogenetic"
+                      >phylogenetic</a
+                    >
+                    research.<sup id="cite_ref-Driscoll_23-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-23"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-MSW3fs_24-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-MSW3fs-24"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-25"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In 2017, the IUCN Cat Classification Taskforce followed the
+                    recommendation of the ICZN in regarding the domestic cat as
+                    a distinct species, <i>Felis catus</i>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-26"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-26"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Felidae#Evolution" title="Felidae"
+                      >Cat evolution</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png/220px-Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="255"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png/330px-Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png/440px-Wild-domestic-hybrid_cat_skulls.png 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="585"
+                        data-file-height="678"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      Skulls of a wildcat (top left), a housecat (top right),
+                      and a hybrid between the two (bottom center)
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    The domestic cat is a member of the Felidae, a
+                    <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)"
+                      >family</a
+                    >
+                    that had a
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Common_ancestor"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Common ancestor"
+                      >common ancestor</a
+                    >
+                    about
+                    <span
+                      class="nourlexpansion plainlinks"
+                      style="white-space: nowrap"
+                      ><a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=10–15"
+                        >10&#160;to&#160;15</a
+                      >
+                      million years ago</span
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_1997_27-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_1997-27"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Evolutionary_radiation"
+                      title="Evolutionary radiation"
+                      >evolutionary radiation</a
+                    >
+                    of the Felidae began in Asia during the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> around
+                    <span
+                      class="nourlexpansion plainlinks"
+                      style="white-space: nowrap"
+                      ><a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=8.38–14.45"
+                        >8.38&#160;to&#160;14.45</a
+                      >
+                      million years ago</span
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2006_28-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-28"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Analysis of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA"
+                      >mitochondrial DNA</a
+                    >
+                    of all Felidae species indicates a radiation at
+                    <span
+                      class="nourlexpansion plainlinks"
+                      style="white-space: nowrap"
+                      ><a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=6.46–16.76"
+                        >6.46&#160;to&#160;16.76</a
+                      >
+                      million years ago</span
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_al2016_29-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Li_al2016-29"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Genus_(biology)"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Genus (biology)"
+                      >genus</a
+                    >
+                    <i>Felis</i>
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Genetic_divergence"
+                      title="Genetic divergence"
+                      >genetically diverged</a
+                    >
+                    from other Felidae around
+                    <span
+                      class="nourlexpansion plainlinks"
+                      style="white-space: nowrap"
+                      ><a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=6–7"
+                        >6&#160;to&#160;7</a
+                      >
+                      million years ago</span
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson2006_28-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-28"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Results of
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Phylogenetic"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Phylogenetic"
+                      >phylogenetic</a
+                    >
+                    research shows that the wild members of this genus evolved
+                    through
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Sympatric_speciation"
+                      title="Sympatric speciation"
+                      >sympatric</a
+                    >
+                    or
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Parapatric_speciation"
+                      title="Parapatric speciation"
+                      >parapatric speciation</a
+                    >, whereas the domestic cat evolved through
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Artificial_selection"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Artificial selection"
+                      >artificial selection</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Mattern_30-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Mattern-30"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The domestic cat and its closest wild ancestor are
+                    <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid"
+                      >diploid</a
+                    >
+                    and both possess 38
+                    <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Nie_2002_31-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Nie_2002-31"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and roughly 20,000 genes.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Pontius2007_32-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Pontius2007-32"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216315873">
+                    .mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery {
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+                      table.gallery-element
+                      td.footer {
+                      border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
+                      margin: 0;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.header.shading {
+                      background-color: #eaecf0;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.cladogram.shading {
+                      background-color: #f8f9fa;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.footer.shading {
+                      background-color: #f8f9fa;
+                    }
+                  </style>
+                  <div class="clade-gallery">
+                    <div class="main-caption">
+                      Phylogenetic relationships of the domestic cat as derived
+                      through analysis of
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="main-content no-border">
+                      <table class="gallery-element" style="height: 325px">
+                        <tbody>
+                          <tr class="header">
+                            <th>
+                              nuclear DNA:<sup
+                                id="cite_ref-Johnson2006_28-2"
+                                class="reference"
+                                ><a href="#cite_note-Johnson2006-28"
+                                  ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span
+                                  >27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a
+                                ></sup
+                              ><sup
+                                id="cite_ref-Li_al2016_29-1"
+                                class="reference"
+                                ><a href="#cite_note-Li_al2016-29"
+                                  ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span
+                                  >28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a
+                                ></sup
+                              >
+                            </th>
+                          </tr>
+                          <tr>
+                            <td class="cladogram" style="height: 325px">
+                              <div class="clade">
+                                <style
+                                  data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                >
+                                  body.skin-vector-2022
+                                    .mw-parser-output
+                                    div.clade,
+                                  body.skin-minerva
+                                    .mw-parser-output
+                                    div.clade {
+                                    overflow-x: auto;
+                                    overflow-y: hidden;
+                                  }
+                                  body.skin-minerva
+                                    .mw-parser-output
+                                    div.clade
+                                    p {
+                                    font-size: inherit;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output table.clade {
+                                    border-spacing: 0;
+                                    margin: 0;
+                                    font-size: 100%;
+                                    line-height: 100%;
+                                    border-collapse: separate;
+                                    width: auto;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade {
+                                    width: 100%;
+                                    line-height: inherit;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label {
+                                    min-width: 0.2em;
+                                    width: 0.1em;
+                                    padding: 0.1em 0.15em;
+                                    vertical-align: bottom;
+                                    text-align: center;
+                                    border-left: 1px solid;
+                                    border-bottom: 1px solid;
+                                    white-space: nowrap;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-label::before,
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-slabel::before {
+                                    content: "\2060 ";
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-fixed-width {
+                                    overflow: hidden;
+                                    text-overflow: ellipsis;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-fixed-width:hover {
+                                    overflow: visible;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-label.first {
+                                    border-left: none;
+                                    border-right: none;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-label.reverse {
+                                    border-left: none;
+                                    border-right: 1px solid;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-slabel {
+                                    padding: 0 0.15em;
+                                    vertical-align: top;
+                                    text-align: center;
+                                    border-left: 1px solid;
+                                    white-space: nowrap;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-slabel:hover {
+                                    overflow: visible;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-slabel.last {
+                                    border-left: none;
+                                    border-right: none;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-slabel.reverse {
+                                    border-left: none;
+                                    border-right: 1px solid;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar {
+                                    vertical-align: middle;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                    padding: 0 0.5em;
+                                    position: relative;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-bar.reverse {
+                                    text-align: right;
+                                    position: relative;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf {
+                                    border: 0;
+                                    padding: 0;
+                                    text-align: left;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR {
+                                    border: 0;
+                                    padding: 0;
+                                    text-align: right;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade
+                                    td.clade-leaf.reverse {
+                                    text-align: right;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade:hover
+                                    span.linkA {
+                                    background-color: yellow;
+                                  }
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                    table.clade:hover
+                                    span.linkB {
+                                    background-color: green;
+                                  }
+                                </style>
+                                <table class="clade">
+                                  <tbody>
+                                    <tr>
+                                      <td class="clade-label first">
+                                        &#160;<a
+                                          href="/wiki/Felidae"
+                                          title="Felidae"
+                                          >Felidae</a
+                                        >&#160;
+                                      </td>
+                                      <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
+                                        <div>
+                                          <link
+                                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                          />
+                                          <table class="clade">
+                                            <tbody>
+                                              <tr>
+                                                <td
+                                                  class="clade-label first"
+                                                ></td>
+                                                <td
+                                                  rowspan="2"
+                                                  class="clade-leaf"
+                                                >
+                                                  <p>
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Pantherinae"
+                                                      title="Pantherinae"
+                                                      >Pantherinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </p>
+                                                </td>
+                                              </tr>
+                                              <tr>
+                                                <td class="clade-slabel"></td>
+                                              </tr>
+                                              <tr>
+                                                <td class="clade-label">
+                                                  &#160;<a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Felinae"
+                                                    title="Felinae"
+                                                    >Felinae</a
+                                                  >&#160;
+                                                </td>
+                                                <td
+                                                  rowspan="2"
+                                                  class="clade-leaf"
+                                                >
+                                                  <div>
+                                                    <link
+                                                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                    />
+                                                    <table class="clade">
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="clade-label first"
+                                                          ></td>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            rowspan="2"
+                                                            class="clade-leaf"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <p>
+                                                              other Felinae
+                                                              <a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Lineage_(genetic)"
+                                                                title="Lineage (genetic)"
+                                                                >lineages</a
+                                                              >
+                                                            </p>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="clade-slabel"
+                                                          ></td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="clade-label"
+                                                          >
+                                                            &#160;<i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Felis"
+                                                                title="Felis"
+                                                                >Felis</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >&#160;
+                                                          </td>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            rowspan="2"
+                                                            class="clade-leaf"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div>
+                                                              <link
+                                                                rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                              />
+                                                              <table
+                                                                class="clade"
+                                                              >
+                                                                <tbody>
+                                                                  <tr>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      class="clade-label first"
+                                                                    ></td>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      rowspan="2"
+                                                                      class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <p>
+                                                                        <a
+                                                                          href="/wiki/Jungle_cat"
+                                                                          title="Jungle cat"
+                                                                          >Jungle
+                                                                          cat</a
+                                                                        >
+                                                                        (<i
+                                                                          >F.
+                                                                          chaus</i
+                                                                        >)
+                                                                        <span
+                                                                          typeof="mw:File"
+                                                                          ><a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/File:Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-(White_Background).jpg"
+                                                                            class="mw-file-description"
+                                                                            ><img
+                                                                              src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg/79px-Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg"
+                                                                              decoding="async"
+                                                                              width="79"
+                                                                              height="34"
+                                                                              class="mw-file-element"
+                                                                              srcset="
+                                                                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg/119px-Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg 1.5x,
+                                                                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg/158px-Felis_chaus_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28White_Background%29.jpg 2x
+                                                                              "
+                                                                              data-file-width="1101"
+                                                                              data-file-height="480" /></a
+                                                                        ></span>
+                                                                      </p>
+                                                                    </td>
+                                                                  </tr>
+                                                                  <tr>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                    ></td>
+                                                                  </tr>
+                                                                  <tr>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      class="clade-label"
+                                                                    ></td>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      rowspan="2"
+                                                                      class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <div>
+                                                                        <link
+                                                                          rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                          href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                                        />
+                                                                        <table
+                                                                          class="clade"
+                                                                        >
+                                                                          <tbody>
+                                                                            <tr>
+                                                                              <td
+                                                                                class="clade-label first"
+                                                                              ></td>
+                                                                              <td
+                                                                                rowspan="2"
+                                                                                class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                              >
+                                                                                <p>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat"
+                                                                                    title="Black-footed cat"
+                                                                                    >Black-footed
+                                                                                    cat</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                  (<i
+                                                                                    >F.
+                                                                                    nigripes</i
+                                                                                  >)
+                                                                                </p>
+                                                                              </td>
+                                                                            </tr>
+                                                                            <tr>
+                                                                              <td
+                                                                                class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                              ></td>
+                                                                            </tr>
+                                                                            <tr>
+                                                                              <td
+                                                                                class="clade-label"
+                                                                              ></td>
+                                                                              <td
+                                                                                rowspan="2"
+                                                                                class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                              >
+                                                                                <div>
+                                                                                  <link
+                                                                                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                                                  />
+                                                                                  <table
+                                                                                    class="clade"
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                    <tbody>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-label first"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          rowspan="2"
+                                                                                          class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                        >
+                                                                                          <p>
+                                                                                            <a
+                                                                                              href="/wiki/Sand_cat"
+                                                                                              title="Sand cat"
+                                                                                              >Sand
+                                                                                              cat</a
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                              >F.
+                                                                                              margarita</i
+                                                                                            >)
+                                                                                          </p>
+                                                                                        </td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-label"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          rowspan="2"
+                                                                                          class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                        >
+                                                                                          <div>
+                                                                                            <link
+                                                                                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                                                            />
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="clade"
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="clade-label first"
+                                                                                                  ></td>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    rowspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div>
+                                                                                                      <link
+                                                                                                        rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                                                        href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                                                                      />
+                                                                                                      <table
+                                                                                                        class="clade"
+                                                                                                      >
+                                                                                                        <tbody>
+                                                                                                          <tr>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              class="clade-label first"
+                                                                                                            ></td>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              rowspan="2"
+                                                                                                              class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                                            >
+                                                                                                              <p>
+                                                                                                                <a
+                                                                                                                  href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat"
+                                                                                                                  title="Chinese mountain cat"
+                                                                                                                  >Chinese
+                                                                                                                  mountain
+                                                                                                                  cat</a
+                                                                                                                >
+                                                                                                                (<i
+                                                                                                                  >F.
+                                                                                                                  bieti</i
+                                                                                                                >)
+                                                                                                              </p>
+                                                                                                            </td>
+                                                                                                          </tr>
+                                                                                                          <tr>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                                                            ></td>
+                                                                                                          </tr>
+                                                                                                          <tr>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              class="clade-label"
+                                                                                                            ></td>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              rowspan="2"
+                                                                                                              class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                                            >
+                                                                                                              <p>
+                                                                                                                <a
+                                                                                                                  href="/wiki/African_wildcat"
+                                                                                                                  title="African wildcat"
+                                                                                                                  >African
+                                                                                                                  wildcat</a
+                                                                                                                >
+                                                                                                                (<i
+                                                                                                                  >F.
+                                                                                                                  lybica</i
+                                                                                                                >)
+                                                                                                              </p>
+                                                                                                            </td>
+                                                                                                          </tr>
+                                                                                                          <tr>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                                                            ></td>
+                                                                                                          </tr>
+                                                                                                        </tbody>
+                                                                                                      </table>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                                                  ></td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="clade-label"
+                                                                                                  ></td>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    rowspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div>
+                                                                                                      <link
+                                                                                                        rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                                                        href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                                                                      />
+                                                                                                      <table
+                                                                                                        class="clade"
+                                                                                                      >
+                                                                                                        <tbody>
+                                                                                                          <tr>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              class="clade-label first"
+                                                                                                            ></td>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              rowspan="2"
+                                                                                                              class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                                            >
+                                                                                                              <p>
+                                                                                                                <a
+                                                                                                                  href="/wiki/European_wildcat"
+                                                                                                                  title="European wildcat"
+                                                                                                                  >European
+                                                                                                                  wildcat</a
+                                                                                                                >
+                                                                                                                (<i
+                                                                                                                  >F.
+                                                                                                                  silvestris</i
+                                                                                                                >)
+                                                                                                                <span
+                                                                                                                  typeof="mw:File"
+                                                                                                                  ><a
+                                                                                                                    href="/wiki/File:Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_(1845)_Pl-I_(white_background_%26_colourised).jpg"
+                                                                                                                    class="mw-file-description"
+                                                                                                                    ><img
+                                                                                                                      src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/52px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg"
+                                                                                                                      decoding="async"
+                                                                                                                      width="52"
+                                                                                                                      height="37"
+                                                                                                                      class="mw-file-element"
+                                                                                                                      srcset="
+                                                                                                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/78px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg  1.5x,
+                                                                                                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/104px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg 2x
+                                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                                      data-file-width="910"
+                                                                                                                      data-file-height="656" /></a
+                                                                                                                ></span>
+                                                                                                              </p>
+                                                                                                            </td>
+                                                                                                          </tr>
+                                                                                                          <tr>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                                                            ></td>
+                                                                                                          </tr>
+                                                                                                          <tr>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              class="clade-label"
+                                                                                                            ></td>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              rowspan="2"
+                                                                                                              class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                                            >
+                                                                                                              <p>
+                                                                                                                <b
+                                                                                                                  >Domestic
+                                                                                                                  cat</b
+                                                                                                                >
+                                                                                                                <span
+                                                                                                                  style="
+                                                                                                                    display: inline-block;
+                                                                                                                    transform: scaleX(
+                                                                                                                      -1
+                                                                                                                    );
+                                                                                                                  "
+                                                                                                                  ><span
+                                                                                                                    typeof="mw:File"
+                                                                                                                    ><a
+                                                                                                                      href="/wiki/File:202104_Cat.svg"
+                                                                                                                      class="mw-file-description"
+                                                                                                                      ><img
+                                                                                                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/60px-202104_Cat.svg.png"
+                                                                                                                        decoding="async"
+                                                                                                                        width="60"
+                                                                                                                        height="45"
+                                                                                                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                                                                                                        srcset="
+                                                                                                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/90px-202104_Cat.svg.png  1.5x,
+                                                                                                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/120px-202104_Cat.svg.png 2x
+                                                                                                                        "
+                                                                                                                        data-file-width="512"
+                                                                                                                        data-file-height="384" /></a></span
+                                                                                                                ></span>
+                                                                                                              </p>
+                                                                                                            </td>
+                                                                                                          </tr>
+                                                                                                          <tr>
+                                                                                                            <td
+                                                                                                              class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                                                            ></td>
+                                                                                                          </tr>
+                                                                                                        </tbody>
+                                                                                                      </table>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                                                  ></td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                          </div>
+                                                                                        </td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                    </tbody>
+                                                                                  </table>
+                                                                                </div>
+                                                                              </td>
+                                                                            </tr>
+                                                                            <tr>
+                                                                              <td
+                                                                                class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                              ></td>
+                                                                            </tr>
+                                                                          </tbody>
+                                                                        </table>
+                                                                      </div>
+                                                                    </td>
+                                                                  </tr>
+                                                                  <tr>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                    ></td>
+                                                                  </tr>
+                                                                </tbody>
+                                                              </table>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                          ></td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                  </div>
+                                                </td>
+                                              </tr>
+                                              <tr>
+                                                <td
+                                                  class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                ></td>
+                                              </tr>
+                                            </tbody>
+                                          </table>
+                                        </div>
+                                      </td>
+                                    </tr>
+                                    <tr>
+                                      <td class="clade-slabel last"></td>
+                                    </tr>
+                                  </tbody>
+                                </table>
+                              </div>
+                            </td>
+                          </tr>
+                        </tbody>
+                      </table>
+                      <table class="gallery-element" style="height: 325px">
+                        <tbody>
+                          <tr class="header">
+                            <th>
+                              mitochondrial DNA:<sup
+                                id="cite_ref-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007_33-0"
+                                class="reference"
+                                ><a
+                                  href="#cite_note-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007-33"
+                                  ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span
+                                  >32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a
+                                ></sup
+                              >
+                            </th>
+                          </tr>
+                          <tr>
+                            <td class="cladogram" style="height: 325px">
+                              <div class="clade">
+                                <link
+                                  rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                  href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                />
+                                <table class="clade">
+                                  <tbody>
+                                    <tr>
+                                      <td class="clade-label first">
+                                        &#160;<i
+                                          ><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis"
+                                            >Felis</a
+                                          ></i
+                                        >&#160;
+                                      </td>
+                                      <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
+                                        <div>
+                                          <link
+                                            rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                            href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                          />
+                                          <table class="clade">
+                                            <tbody>
+                                              <tr>
+                                                <td
+                                                  class="clade-label first"
+                                                ></td>
+                                                <td
+                                                  rowspan="2"
+                                                  class="clade-leaf"
+                                                >
+                                                  <p>
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Sand_cat"
+                                                      title="Sand cat"
+                                                      >Sand cat</a
+                                                    >
+                                                    (<i>F. margarita</i>)
+                                                  </p>
+                                                </td>
+                                              </tr>
+                                              <tr>
+                                                <td class="clade-slabel"></td>
+                                              </tr>
+                                              <tr>
+                                                <td class="clade-label"></td>
+                                                <td
+                                                  rowspan="2"
+                                                  class="clade-leaf"
+                                                >
+                                                  <div>
+                                                    <link
+                                                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                    />
+                                                    <table class="clade">
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="clade-label first"
+                                                          ></td>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            rowspan="2"
+                                                            class="clade-leaf"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <p>
+                                                              <a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat"
+                                                                title="Chinese mountain cat"
+                                                                >Chinese
+                                                                mountain cat</a
+                                                              >
+                                                              (<i>F. bieti</i>)
+                                                            </p>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="clade-slabel"
+                                                          ></td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="clade-label"
+                                                          ></td>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            rowspan="2"
+                                                            class="clade-leaf"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div>
+                                                              <link
+                                                                rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                              />
+                                                              <table
+                                                                class="clade"
+                                                              >
+                                                                <tbody>
+                                                                  <tr>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      class="clade-label first"
+                                                                    ></td>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      rowspan="2"
+                                                                      class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <p>
+                                                                        <a
+                                                                          href="/wiki/European_wildcat"
+                                                                          title="European wildcat"
+                                                                          >European
+                                                                          wildcat</a
+                                                                        >
+                                                                        (<i
+                                                                          >F.
+                                                                          silvestris</i
+                                                                        >)
+                                                                        <span
+                                                                          typeof="mw:File"
+                                                                          ><a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/File:Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_(1845)_Pl-I_(white_background_%26_colourised).jpg"
+                                                                            class="mw-file-description"
+                                                                            ><img
+                                                                              src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/52px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg"
+                                                                              decoding="async"
+                                                                              width="52"
+                                                                              height="37"
+                                                                              class="mw-file-element"
+                                                                              srcset="
+                                                                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/78px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg  1.5x,
+                                                                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg/104px-Anatomie_descriptive_et_comparative_du_chat_%281845%29_Pl-I_%28white_background_%26_colourised%29.jpg 2x
+                                                                              "
+                                                                              data-file-width="910"
+                                                                              data-file-height="656" /></a
+                                                                        ></span>
+                                                                      </p>
+                                                                    </td>
+                                                                  </tr>
+                                                                  <tr>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                    ></td>
+                                                                  </tr>
+                                                                  <tr>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      class="clade-label"
+                                                                    ></td>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      rowspan="2"
+                                                                      class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <div>
+                                                                        <link
+                                                                          rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                          href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                                        />
+                                                                        <table
+                                                                          class="clade"
+                                                                        >
+                                                                          <tbody>
+                                                                            <tr>
+                                                                              <td
+                                                                                class="clade-label first"
+                                                                              >
+                                                                                <a
+                                                                                  href="/wiki/African_wildcat"
+                                                                                  title="African wildcat"
+                                                                                  >African&#160;wildcat</a
+                                                                                >&#160;
+                                                                              </td>
+                                                                              <td
+                                                                                rowspan="2"
+                                                                                class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                              >
+                                                                                <div>
+                                                                                  <link
+                                                                                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                                                  />
+                                                                                  <table
+                                                                                    class="clade"
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                    <tbody>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-label first"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          rowspan="2"
+                                                                                          class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                        >
+                                                                                          <p>
+                                                                                            <a
+                                                                                              href="/wiki/Southern_African_wildcat"
+                                                                                              title="Southern African wildcat"
+                                                                                              >Southern
+                                                                                              African
+                                                                                              wildcat</a
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                            <i
+                                                                                              >(F.
+                                                                                              l.
+                                                                                              cafra)</i
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </p>
+                                                                                        </td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-label"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          rowspan="2"
+                                                                                          class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                        >
+                                                                                          <p>
+                                                                                            <a
+                                                                                              href="/wiki/Asiatic_wildcat"
+                                                                                              title="Asiatic wildcat"
+                                                                                              >Asiatic
+                                                                                              wildcat</a
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                            <i
+                                                                                              >(F.
+                                                                                              l.
+                                                                                              ornata)</i
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </p>
+                                                                                        </td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-label"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          rowspan="2"
+                                                                                          class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                        >
+                                                                                          <div>
+                                                                                            <link
+                                                                                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                                                                                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1228437153"
+                                                                                            />
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="clade"
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="clade-label first"
+                                                                                                  ></td>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    rowspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <p>
+                                                                                                      Near
+                                                                                                      Eastern
+                                                                                                      wildcat
+                                                                                                    </p>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="clade-slabel"
+                                                                                                  ></td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="clade-label"
+                                                                                                  ></td>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    rowspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="clade-leaf"
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <p>
+                                                                                                      <b
+                                                                                                        >Domestic
+                                                                                                        cat</b
+                                                                                                      >
+                                                                                                      <span
+                                                                                                        style="
+                                                                                                          display: inline-block;
+                                                                                                          transform: scaleX(
+                                                                                                            -1
+                                                                                                          );
+                                                                                                        "
+                                                                                                        ><span
+                                                                                                          typeof="mw:File"
+                                                                                                          ><a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/File:202104_Cat.svg"
+                                                                                                            class="mw-file-description"
+                                                                                                            ><img
+                                                                                                              src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/60px-202104_Cat.svg.png"
+                                                                                                              decoding="async"
+                                                                                                              width="60"
+                                                                                                              height="45"
+                                                                                                              class="mw-file-element"
+                                                                                                              srcset="
+                                                                                                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/90px-202104_Cat.svg.png  1.5x,
+                                                                                                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/202104_Cat.svg/120px-202104_Cat.svg.png 2x
+                                                                                                              "
+                                                                                                              data-file-width="512"
+                                                                                                              data-file-height="384" /></a></span
+                                                                                                      ></span>
+                                                                                                    </p>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                                                  ></td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                          </div>
+                                                                                        </td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                      <tr>
+                                                                                        <td
+                                                                                          class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                                        ></td>
+                                                                                      </tr>
+                                                                                    </tbody>
+                                                                                  </table>
+                                                                                </div>
+                                                                              </td>
+                                                                            </tr>
+                                                                            <tr>
+                                                                              <td
+                                                                                class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                              ></td>
+                                                                            </tr>
+                                                                          </tbody>
+                                                                        </table>
+                                                                      </div>
+                                                                    </td>
+                                                                  </tr>
+                                                                  <tr>
+                                                                    <td
+                                                                      class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                                    ></td>
+                                                                  </tr>
+                                                                </tbody>
+                                                              </table>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                          ></td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                  </div>
+                                                </td>
+                                              </tr>
+                                              <tr>
+                                                <td
+                                                  class="clade-slabel last"
+                                                ></td>
+                                              </tr>
+                                            </tbody>
+                                          </table>
+                                        </div>
+                                      </td>
+                                    </tr>
+                                    <tr>
+                                      <td class="clade-slabel last"></td>
+                                    </tr>
+                                  </tbody>
+                                </table>
+                              </div>
+                            </td>
+                          </tr>
+                        </tbody>
+                      </table>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div style="clear: both" class=""></div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Domestication">Domestication</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    See also:
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_cat"
+                      title="Domestication of the cat"
+                      >Domestication of the cat</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt"
+                      title="Cats in ancient Egypt"
+                      >Cats in ancient Egypt</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Nakht_(7).jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="239"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%287%29.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="761"
+                        data-file-height="828"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      A cat eating a fish under a chair, a
+                      <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">mural</a> in an
+                      Egyptian tomb dating to the 15th century BC
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    It was long thought that the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_cat"
+                      title="Domestication of the cat"
+                      >domestication of the cat</a
+                    >
+                    began in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt"
+                      >ancient Egypt</a
+                    >, where cats were venerated from around 3100 BC.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-34"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-34"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-35"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    However, the earliest known indication for the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Taming" class="mw-redirect" title="Taming"
+                      >taming</a
+                    >
+                    of an African wildcat was
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Excavation (archaeology)"
+                      >excavated</a
+                    >
+                    close by a human
+                    <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>
+                    grave in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Shillourokambos" title="Shillourokambos"
+                      >Shillourokambos</a
+                    >, southern
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, dating to
+                    about 7500–7200 BC. Since there is no evidence of native
+                    mammalian <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> on
+                    Cyprus, the inhabitants of this Neolithic village most
+                    likely brought the cat and other wild mammals to the island
+                    from the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East"
+                      >Middle Eastern</a
+                    >
+                    mainland.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Vigne_al2004_36-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Vigne_al2004-36"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Scientists therefore assume that African wildcats were
+                    attracted to early human settlements in the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent"
+                      >Fertile Crescent</a
+                    >
+                    by rodents, in particular the
+                    <a href="/wiki/House_mouse" title="House mouse"
+                      >house mouse</a
+                    >
+                    (<i>Mus musculus</i>), and were tamed by Neolithic farmers.
+                    This
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)"
+                      title="Mutualism (biology)"
+                      >mutual</a
+                    >
+                    relationship between early farmers and tamed cats lasted
+                    thousands of years. As
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Agricultural_practices"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Agricultural practices"
+                      >agricultural practices</a
+                    >
+                    spread, so did tame and domesticated cats.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007_33-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007-33"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Driscoll_al2009_37-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Driscoll_al2009-37"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Wildcats of Egypt contributed to the maternal
+                    <a href="/wiki/Gene_pool" title="Gene pool">gene pool</a> of
+                    the domestic cat at a later time.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-OttoniVan_Neer2017_38-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-OttoniVan_Neer2017-38"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    The earliest known evidence for the occurrence of the
+                    domestic cat in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> dates to
+                    around 1200 BC. Greek,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a>,
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Carthaginia"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Carthaginia"
+                      >Carthaginian</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Etrusca" class="mw-redirect" title="Etrusca"
+                      >Etruscan</a
+                    >
+                    traders introduced domestic cats to southern Europe.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Faure2009_39-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Faure2009-39"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    By the 5th century BC, they were familiar animals around
+                    settlements in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia"
+                      >Magna Graecia</a
+                    >
+                    and <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-40"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-40"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    During the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire"
+                      >Roman Empire</a
+                    >, they were introduced to
+                    <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>
+                    before the beginning of the 1st century AD.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Vigne1992_41-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Vigne1992-41"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    By the end of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century,
+                    the Egyptian domestic cat lineage had arrived in a
+                    <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>
+                    port in northern
+                    <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-OttoniVan_Neer2017_38-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-OttoniVan_Neer2017-38"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    The
+                    <a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat"
+                      >leopard cat</a
+                    >
+                    (<i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i>) was
+                    <a href="/wiki/Tamed" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamed"
+                      >tamed</a
+                    >
+                    independently in China around 5500 BC. This line of
+                    partially domesticated cats leaves no trace in the domestic
+                    cat populations of today.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-42"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-42"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    During domestication, cats have undergone only minor changes
+                    in anatomy and behavior, and they are still capable of
+                    surviving in the wild. Several natural behaviors and
+                    characteristics of wildcats may have
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Preadaptation"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Preadaptation"
+                      >pre-adapted</a
+                    >
+                    them for domestication as pets. These traits include their
+                    small size, social nature, obvious body language, love of
+                    play, and high intelligence. Since they practice rigorous
+                    grooming habits and have an instinctual drive to bury and
+                    hide their urine and feces, they are generally much less
+                    messy than other domesticated animals. Captive
+                    <i
+                      ><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus"
+                        >Leopardus</a
+                      ></i
+                    >
+                    cats may also display affectionate behavior toward humans
+                    but were not domesticated.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-CameronBeaumont_43-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-CameronBeaumont-43"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    House cats often mate with feral cats.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Bradshaw1999_44-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw1999-44"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Felid_hybrid#Domestic_cat_and_hybridization"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Felid hybrid"
+                      >Hybridization between domestic and other Felinae
+                      species</a
+                    >
+                    is also possible, producing hybrids such as the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Kellas_cat" title="Kellas cat">Kellas cat</a>
+                    in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Oliveira_45-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-45"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-46"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Development of
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_breeds"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Cat breeds"
+                      >cat breeds</a
+                    >
+                    started in the mid 19th century.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-47"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-47"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    An analysis of the domestic cat
+                    <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> revealed
+                    that the ancestral wildcat genome was significantly altered
+                    in the process of domestication, as specific
+                    <a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">mutations</a> were
+                    selected to develop cat breeds.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-48"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-48"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Most breeds are founded on random-bred domestic cats.
+                    <a href="/wiki/Genetic_diversity" title="Genetic diversity"
+                      >Genetic diversity</a
+                    >
+                    of these breeds varies between regions, and is lowest in
+                    purebred populations, which show more than 20 deleterious
+                    <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder"
+                      >genetic disorders</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Lipinski_49-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Lipinski-49"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy"
+                      >Cat anatomy</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Size">Size</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg/300px-Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg.png"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="300"
+                        height="125"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg/450px-Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg.png 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg/600px-Scheme_cat_anatomy.svg.png 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="1040"
+                        data-file-height="432"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      Diagram of the general
+                      <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> of a
+                      male domestic cat
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    The domestic cat has a smaller
+                    <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a> and shorter
+                    bones than the
+                    <a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat"
+                      >European wildcat</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-OConnor_50-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-OConnor-50"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    It averages about 46&#160;cm (18&#160;in) in head-to-body
+                    length and 23–25&#160;cm (9.1–9.8&#160;in) in height, with
+                    about 30&#160;cm (12&#160;in) long tails. Males are larger
+                    than females.<sup id="cite_ref-WCoW_51-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-WCoW-51"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Adult domestic cats typically weigh 4–5&#160;kg
+                    (8.8–11.0&#160;lb).<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Mattern_30-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Mattern-30"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Skeleton">Skeleton</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats have seven
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae"
+                      title="Cervical vertebrae"
+                      >cervical vertebrae</a
+                    >
+                    (as do most
+                    <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>); 13
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Thoracic_vertebrae"
+                      title="Thoracic vertebrae"
+                      >thoracic vertebrae</a
+                    >
+                    (humans have 12); seven
+                    <a href="/wiki/Lumbar_vertebrae" title="Lumbar vertebrae"
+                      >lumbar vertebrae</a
+                    >
+                    (humans have five); three
+                    <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacral vertebrae</a>
+                    (as do most mammals, but humans have five); and a variable
+                    number of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Caudal_vertebrae" title="Caudal vertebrae"
+                      >caudal vertebrae</a
+                    >
+                    in the tail (humans have only three to five vestigial caudal
+                    vertebrae, fused into an internal
+                    <a href="/wiki/Coccyx" title="Coccyx">coccyx</a>).<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Walker_52-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Walker-52"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 11"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;11&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The extra lumbar and thoracic vertebrae account for the
+                    cat's spinal mobility and flexibility. Attached to the spine
+                    are 13 ribs, the shoulder, and the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Walker_52-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Walker-52"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 16"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;16&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Unlike human arms, cat forelimbs are attached to the
+                    shoulder by free-floating
+                    <a href="/wiki/Clavicle" title="Clavicle">clavicle</a> bones
+                    which allow them to pass their body through any space into
+                    which they can fit their head.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Gillis_2002_53-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Gillis_2002-53"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Skull">Skull</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure
+                    class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left"
+                    typeof="mw:File/Thumb"
+                  >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Cat_skull.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cat_skull.jpg/220px-Cat_skull.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="155"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cat_skull.jpg/330px-Cat_skull.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cat_skull.jpg/440px-Cat_skull.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="818"
+                        data-file-height="578"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>Cat skull</figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg/220px-Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="147"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg/330px-Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg/440px-Cat_yawn_with_exposed_teeth_and_claws.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="5472"
+                        data-file-height="3648"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>A cat with exposed teeth and claws</figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    The cat skull is unusual among mammals in having very large
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Eye_socket"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Eye socket"
+                      >eye sockets</a
+                    >
+                    and a powerful specialized jaw.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Case_54-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Case-54"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 35"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;35&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Within the jaw, cats have teeth adapted for killing prey and
+                    tearing meat. When it overpowers its prey, a cat delivers a
+                    lethal neck bite with its two long
+                    <a href="/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth"
+                      >canine teeth</a
+                    >, inserting them between two of the prey's
+                    <a href="/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra">vertebrae</a> and
+                    severing its
+                    <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord"
+                      >spinal cord</a
+                    >, causing irreversible
+                    <a href="/wiki/Paralysis" title="Paralysis">paralysis</a>
+                    and death.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Smith1992_55-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Smith1992-55"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Compared to other felines, domestic cats have narrowly
+                    spaced canine teeth relative to the size of their jaw, which
+                    is an adaptation to their preferred prey of small rodents,
+                    which have small vertebrae.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Smith1992_55-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Smith1992-55"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    The
+                    <a href="/wiki/Premolar" title="Premolar">premolar</a> and
+                    first
+                    <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)"
+                      >molar</a
+                    >
+                    together compose the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Carnassial" title="Carnassial">carnassial</a>
+                    pair on each side of the mouth, which efficiently shears
+                    meat into small pieces, like a pair of scissors. These are
+                    vital in feeding, since cats' small
+                    <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)"
+                      >molars</a
+                    >
+                    cannot chew food effectively, and cats are largely incapable
+                    of mastication.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Case_54-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Case-54"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 37"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;37&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Cats tend to have better teeth than most humans, with decay
+                    generally less likely because of a thicker protective layer
+                    of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Tooth_enamel" title="Tooth enamel">enamel</a
+                    >, a less damaging saliva, less retention of food particles
+                    between teeth, and a diet mostly devoid of sugar.
+                    Nonetheless, they are subject to occasional tooth loss and
+                    infection.<sup id="cite_ref-Carr1978_56-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Carr1978-56"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Claws">Claws</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff/lossless-page1-220px-Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff.png"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="239"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff/lossless-page1-330px-Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff.png 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff/lossless-page1-440px-Shed_domestic_cat_claw_sheaths.tiff.png 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="1081"
+                        data-file-height="1175"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>Shed claw sheaths</figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats have protractible and retractable claws.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Kitchener2010_57-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Kitchener2010-57"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In their normal, relaxed position, the claws are sheathed
+                    with the skin and fur around the paw's toe pads. This keeps
+                    the claws sharp by preventing wear from contact with the
+                    ground and allows for the silent stalking of prey. The claws
+                    on the forefeet are typically sharper than those on the
+                    hindfeet.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Armes_1900_58-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Armes_1900-58"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Cats can voluntarily extend their claws on one or more paws.
+                    They may extend their claws in hunting or self-defense,
+                    climbing,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Kneading_(cats)" title="Kneading (cats)"
+                      >kneading</a
+                    >, or for extra traction on soft surfaces. Cats shed the
+                    outside layer of their claw sheaths when scratching rough
+                    surfaces.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-pmid19422432_59-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-pmid19422432-59"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Most cats have five claws on their front paws and four on
+                    their rear paws. The
+                    <a href="/wiki/Dewclaw" title="Dewclaw">dewclaw</a> is
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Proximal"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Proximal"
+                      >proximal</a
+                    >
+                    to the other claws. More proximally is a protrusion which
+                    appears to be a sixth "finger". This special feature of the
+                    front paws on the inside of the wrists has no function in
+                    normal walking but is thought to be an antiskidding device
+                    used while jumping. Some cat breeds are prone to having
+                    extra digits ("<a
+                      href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat"
+                      title="Polydactyl cat"
+                      >polydactyly</a
+                    >").<sup id="cite_ref-Danforth1947_60-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Danforth1947-60"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Polydactylous cats occur along North America's northeast
+                    coast and in Great Britain.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Lettice_2008_61-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Lettice_2008-61"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Ambulation">Ambulation</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    The cat is
+                    <a href="/wiki/Digitigrade" title="Digitigrade"
+                      >digitigrade</a
+                    >. It walks on the toes, with the bones of the feet making
+                    up the lower part of the visible leg.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Pocock1917_62-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Pocock1917-62"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Unlike most mammals, it uses a "pacing"
+                    <a href="/wiki/Gait" title="Gait">gait</a> and moves both
+                    legs on one side of the body before the legs on the other
+                    side. It registers directly by placing each hind paw close
+                    to the track of the corresponding fore paw, minimizing noise
+                    and visible tracks. This also provides sure footing for hind
+                    paws when navigating rough terrain. As it speeds up from
+                    walking to trotting, its gait changes to a "diagonal" gait:
+                    The diagonally opposite hind and fore legs move
+                    simultaneously.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Christensen_2004_63-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Christensen_2004-63"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Balance">Balance</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure
+                    class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right"
+                    typeof="mw:File/Thumb"
+                  >
+                    <span
+                      ><video
+                        id="mwe_player_0"
+                        poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/220px-seek%3D240-BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.jpg"
+                        controls=""
+                        preload="none"
+                        data-mw-tmh=""
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="165"
+                        data-durationhint="817"
+                        data-mwtitle="BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv"
+                        data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"
+                        resource="/wiki/File:BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv"
+                      >
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.480p.vp9.webm#t=00:03:38,00:04:11"
+                          type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"'
+                          data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm"
+                          data-width="640"
+                          data-height="480"
+                        />
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv#t=00:03:38,00:04:11"
+                          type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"'
+                          data-width="640"
+                          data-height="480"
+                        />
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov#t=00:03:38,00:04:11"
+                          type="video/quicktime"
+                          data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov"
+                          data-width="192"
+                          data-height="144"
+                        />
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.240p.vp9.webm#t=00:03:38,00:04:11"
+                          type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"'
+                          data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm"
+                          data-width="320"
+                          data-height="240"
+                        />
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.360p.vp9.webm#t=00:03:38,00:04:11"
+                          type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"'
+                          data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm"
+                          data-width="480"
+                          data-height="360"
+                        />
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv/BIOASTRONAUTICS_RESEARCH_Gov.archives.arc.68700.ogv.360p.webm#t=00:03:38,00:04:11"
+                          type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"'
+                          data-transcodekey="360p.webm"
+                          data-width="480"
+                          data-height="360"
+                        /></video
+                    ></span>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      Comparison of cat righting reflexes in
+                      <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a> and
+                      zero gravity
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats are generally fond of sitting in high places or
+                    <i>perching</i>. A higher place may serve as a concealed
+                    site from which to hunt; domestic cats strike prey by
+                    pouncing from a perch such as a tree branch. Another
+                    possible explanation is that height gives the cat a better
+                    observation point, allowing it to survey its territory. A
+                    cat falling from heights of up to 3&#160;m (9.8&#160;ft) can
+                    right itself and land on its paws.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Kent_et_al._2010_64-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Kent_et_al._2010-64"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    During a fall from a high place, a cat reflexively twists
+                    its body and rights itself to land on its feet using its
+                    acute sense of balance and flexibility. This reflex is known
+                    as the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex"
+                      title="Cat righting reflex"
+                      >cat righting reflex</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-65"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    A cat always rights itself in the same way during a fall, if
+                    it has enough time to do so, which is the case in falls of
+                    90&#160;cm (3.0&#160;ft) or more.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Nguyen_1998_66-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Nguyen_1998-66"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    How cats are able to right themselves when falling has been
+                    investigated as the "<a
+                      href="/wiki/Falling_cat_problem"
+                      title="Falling cat problem"
+                      >falling cat problem</a
+                    >".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-67"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Coats">Coats</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics"
+                      >Cat coat genetics</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Nursing_Cat_01.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nursing_Cat_01.jpg/220px-Nursing_Cat_01.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="275"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nursing_Cat_01.jpg/330px-Nursing_Cat_01.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Nursing_Cat_01.jpg/440px-Nursing_Cat_01.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="1440"
+                        data-file-height="1800"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      Mother cat with her different-colored offspring
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    The cat family (Felidae) can pass down many colors and
+                    patterns to their offspring. The domestic cat genes
+                    <i>MC1R</i> and <i>ASIP</i> allow color variety in their
+                    coats. The feline <i>ASIP</i> gene consists of three coding
+                    exons.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-68"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Three novel
+                    <a href="/wiki/Microsatellite" title="Microsatellite"
+                      >microsatellite</a
+                    >
+                    markers linked to <i>ASIP</i> were isolated from a domestic
+                    cat BAC clone containing this gene to perform
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Linkage_analysis"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Linkage analysis"
+                      >linkage analysis</a
+                    >
+                    on 89 domestic cats segregated for
+                    <a href="/wiki/Melanism" title="Melanism">melanism</a>. The
+                    domestic cat family demonstrated a cosegregation between the
+                    <i>ASIP</i> allele and coat black coloration.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-69"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-69"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Senses">Senses</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Cat senses</a>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Vision">Vision</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure
+                    class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right"
+                    typeof="mw:File/Thumb"
+                  >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:TapetumLucidum.JPG"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG/220px-TapetumLucidum.JPG"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="157"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG/330px-TapetumLucidum.JPG 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TapetumLucidum.JPG/440px-TapetumLucidum.JPG 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="2127"
+                        data-file-height="1518"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      Reflection of camera flash from the
+                      <i
+                        ><a href="/wiki/Tapetum_lucidum" title="Tapetum lucidum"
+                          >tapetum lucidum</a
+                        ></i
+                      >
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        alt="A tabby cat with a third, translucent eyelid covering part of either eye"
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg/220px-Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="293"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg/330px-Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg/440px-Tabby_cat_with_visible_nictitating_membrane.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="3000"
+                        data-file-height="4000"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      A cat's nictitating membrane shown as it blinks
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats have excellent
+                    <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision"
+                      >night vision</a
+                    >
+                    and can see at one sixth the light level required for human
+                    vision.<sup id="cite_ref-Case_54-2" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Case-54"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 43"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;43&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    This is partly the result of cat eyes having a
+                    <i
+                      ><a href="/wiki/Tapetum_lucidum" title="Tapetum lucidum"
+                        >tapetum lucidum</a
+                      ></i
+                    >, which reflects any light that passes through the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a> back into
+                    the eye, thereby increasing the eye's sensitivity to dim
+                    light.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-70"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Large pupils are an adaptation to dim light. The domestic
+                    cat has
+                    <a href="/wiki/Pupil#In_other_animals" title="Pupil"
+                      >slit pupils</a
+                    >, which allow it to focus bright light without
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration"
+                      title="Chromatic aberration"
+                      >chromatic aberration</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-71"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    At low light, a cat's pupils expand to cover most of the
+                    exposed surface of its eyes.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-72"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-72"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The domestic cat has rather poor
+                    <a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision"
+                      >color vision</a
+                    >
+                    and only two types of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cone_cell" title="Cone cell">cone cells</a>,
+                    optimized for sensitivity to blue and yellowish green; its
+                    ability to distinguish between red and green is limited.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-73"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-73"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    A response to middle wavelengths from a system other than
+                    the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Rod_cell" title="Rod cell">rod cells</a>
+                    might be due to a third type of cone. This appears to be an
+                    adaptation to low light levels rather than representing true
+                    <a href="/wiki/Trichromacy" title="Trichromacy"
+                      >trichromatic</a
+                    >
+                    vision.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-74"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Cats also have a
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Nictitating_membrane"
+                      title="Nictitating membrane"
+                      >nictitating membrane</a
+                    >, allowing them to blink without hindering their vision.
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Hearing">Hearing</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    The domestic cat's hearing is most acute in the range of
+                    500&#160;Hz to 32&#160;kHz.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-75"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-75"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    It can detect an extremely broad range of frequencies
+                    ranging from 55&#160;Hz to 79&#160;kHz, whereas humans can
+                    only detect frequencies between 20&#160;Hz and 20&#160;kHz.
+                    It can hear a range of 10.5
+                    <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octaves</a>, while
+                    humans and dogs can hear ranges of about 9 octaves.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-76"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-76"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-77"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Its hearing sensitivity is enhanced by its large movable
+                    outer ears, the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Pinna_(anatomy)"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Pinna (anatomy)"
+                      >pinnae</a
+                    >, which amplify sounds and help detect the location of a
+                    noise. It can detect
+                    <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a
+                    >, which enables it to detect ultrasonic calls made by
+                    <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodent</a> prey.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Sunquist_78-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Sunquist-78"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-79"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Recent research has shown that cats have socio-spatial
+                    cognitive abilities to create mental maps of owners'
+                    locations based on hearing owners' voices.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-80"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-80"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Smell">Smell</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats have an acute sense of smell, due in part to their
+                    well-developed
+                    <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_bulb" title="Olfactory bulb"
+                      >olfactory bulb</a
+                    >
+                    and a large surface of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_mucosa" title="Olfactory mucosa"
+                      >olfactory mucosa</a
+                    >, about 5.8&#160;cm<sup>2</sup> (0.90&#160;in<sup>2</sup>)
+                    in area, which is about twice that of humans.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Moulton_1967_81-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Moulton_1967-81"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Cats and many other animals have a
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Jacobson%27s_organ"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Jacobson&#39;s organ"
+                      >Jacobson's organ</a
+                    >
+                    in their mouths that is used in the behavioral process of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Flehmen_response" title="Flehmen response"
+                      >flehmening</a
+                    >. It allows them to sense certain aromas in a way that
+                    humans cannot. Cats are sensitive to
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_pheromone" title="Cat pheromone"
+                      >pheromones</a
+                    >
+                    such as
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol"
+                      >3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol</a
+                    >,<sup id="cite_ref-felinine_82-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-felinine-82"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    which they use to communicate through
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Urine_spraying"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Urine spraying"
+                      >urine spraying</a
+                    >
+                    and marking with
+                    <a href="/wiki/Scent_gland" title="Scent gland"
+                      >scent glands</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Sommerville_83-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Sommerville-83"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Many cats also respond strongly to plants that contain
+                    <a href="/wiki/Nepetalactone" title="Nepetalactone"
+                      >nepetalactone</a
+                    >, especially
+                    <a href="/wiki/Catnip" title="Catnip">catnip</a>, as they
+                    can detect that substance at less than one part per
+                    billion.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-84"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    About 70–80% of cats are affected by nepetalactone.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-85"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-85"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    This response is also produced by other plants, such as
+                    silver vine (<i
+                      ><a
+                        href="/wiki/Actinidia_polygama"
+                        title="Actinidia polygama"
+                        >Actinidia polygama</a
+                      ></i
+                    >) and the herb
+                    <a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)"
+                      >valerian</a
+                    >; it may be caused by the smell of these plants mimicking a
+                    pheromone and stimulating cats' social or sexual
+                    behaviors.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_86-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Tucker-86"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Taste">Taste</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats have relatively few
+                    <a href="/wiki/Taste_bud" title="Taste bud">taste buds</a>
+                    compared to humans (470 or so, compared to more than 9,000
+                    on the human tongue).<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-sch_87-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-sch-87"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Domestic and wild cats share a
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Taste_receptor#Loss_of_function"
+                      title="Taste receptor"
+                      >taste receptor gene mutation</a
+                    >
+                    that keeps their sweet taste buds from binding to sugary
+                    molecules, leaving them with no ability to taste
+                    <a href="/wiki/Sweetness" title="Sweetness">sweetness</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-88"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    They, however, possess taste bud receptors specialized for
+                    <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acids</a>,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid"
+                      >amino acids</a
+                    >
+                    like protein, and bitter tastes.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Bradshaw2006_89-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw2006-89"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Their taste buds possess the receptors needed to detect
+                    <a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">umami</a>. However,
+                    these receptors contain molecular changes that make cat
+                    taste umami different from that of humans. In humans, they
+                    detect the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid"
+                      >amino acids</a
+                    >
+                    <a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid"
+                      >glutamic acid</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid"
+                      >aspartic acid</a
+                    >, but in cats, they instead detect
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Inosine_monophosphate"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Inosine monophosphate"
+                      >inosine monophosphate</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/L-Histidine"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="L-Histidine"
+                      >l-Histidine</a
+                    >.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop_90-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a
+                        href="#cite_note-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop-90"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    These molecules are particularly enriched in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop_90-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a
+                        href="#cite_note-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop-90"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    This, it has been argued, is why cats find tuna so
+                    <a href="/wiki/Palatability" title="Palatability"
+                      >palatable</a
+                    >: as put by researchers into cat taste, "the specific
+                    combination of the high IMP and free l-Histidine contents of
+                    tuna, which produces a strong umami taste synergy that is
+                    highly preferred by cats".<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop_90-2"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a
+                        href="#cite_note-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop-90"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    One of the researchers in this research has stated, "I think
+                    umami is as important for cats as sweet is for humans".<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Science_Tuna_Cat_91-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Science_Tuna_Cat-91"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats also have a distinct temperature preference for their
+                    food, preferring food with a temperature around 38&#160;°C
+                    (100&#160;°F) which is similar to that of a fresh kill; some
+                    cats reject cold food (which would signal to the cat that
+                    the "prey" item is long dead and therefore possibly toxic or
+                    decomposing).<sup id="cite_ref-sch_87-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-sch-87"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Whiskers">Whiskers</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure
+                    class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right"
+                    typeof="mw:File/Thumb"
+                  >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Kittyply_edit1.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kittyply_edit1.jpg/220px-Kittyply_edit1.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="147"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kittyply_edit1.jpg/330px-Kittyply_edit1.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kittyply_edit1.jpg/440px-Kittyply_edit1.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="1728"
+                        data-file-height="1152"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      The whiskers of a cat are highly sensitive to touch.
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    To aid with navigation and sensation, cats have dozens of
+                    movable
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Vibrissa"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Vibrissa"
+                      >whiskers (vibrissae)</a
+                    >
+                    over their body, especially their faces. These provide
+                    information on the width of gaps and on the location of
+                    objects in the dark, both by touching objects directly and
+                    by sensing air currents; they also trigger protective
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Blink_reflex"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Blink reflex"
+                      >blink reflexes</a
+                    >
+                    to protect the eyes from damage.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Case_54-3"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Case-54"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 47"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;47&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    See also:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior"
+                      >Cat behavior</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg/220px-Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="247"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg/330px-Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg/440px-Black_and_gray_mackerel_tabby_cat_at_night_in_Tuntorp_7.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="3794"
+                        data-file-height="4253"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      An alert cat at night, with pupils dilated and ears
+                      directed at a sound.
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Outdoor cats are active both day and night, although they
+                    tend to be slightly more active at night.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-92"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-92"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Domestic cats spend the majority of their time in the
+                    vicinity of their homes but can range many hundreds of
+                    meters from this central point. They establish
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)"
+                      title="Territory (animal)"
+                      >territories</a
+                    >
+                    that vary considerably in size, in one study ranging
+                    7–28&#160;ha (17–69 acres).<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-93"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-93"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The timing of cats' activity is quite flexible and varied
+                    but being low-light predators, they are generally
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Crepuscular_animal"
+                      title="Crepuscular animal"
+                      >crepuscular</a
+                    >, which means they tend to be more active near dawn and
+                    dusk. However, house cats' behavior is also influenced by
+                    human activity and they may adapt to their owners' sleeping
+                    patterns to some extent.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-94"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-94"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-95"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats conserve energy by sleeping more than most animals,
+                    especially as they grow older. The daily duration of sleep
+                    varies, usually between 12 and 16 hours, with 13 and 14
+                    being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours.
+                    The term "cat nap" for a short rest refers to the cat's
+                    tendency to fall asleep (lightly) for a brief period. While
+                    asleep, cats experience short periods of
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep"
+                      title="Rapid eye movement sleep"
+                      >rapid eye movement sleep</a
+                    >
+                    often accompanied by muscle twitches, which suggests they
+                    are dreaming.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-96"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    A common misconception is that a cat's behavioral and
+                    personality traits correspond to its coat color. These
+                    traits instead depend on a complex interplay between genetic
+                    and environmental factors.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-97"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-97"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Sociability">Sociability</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Cat_in_money_drawer.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Cat_in_money_drawer.jpg/220px-Cat_in_money_drawer.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="308"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Cat_in_money_drawer.jpg/330px-Cat_in_money_drawer.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Cat_in_money_drawer.jpg/440px-Cat_in_money_drawer.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="3763"
+                        data-file-height="5268"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      A cat sleeping in a shopkeeper's money drawer in
+                      <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    The social behavior of the domestic cat ranges from widely
+                    dispersed individuals to
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Feral_cat_colony"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Feral cat colony"
+                      >feral cat colonies</a
+                    >
+                    that gather around a food source, based on groups of
+                    co-operating females.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_98-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-98"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Liberg_al2014_99-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Liberg_al2014-99"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Within such groups, one cat is usually dominant over the
+                    others.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-100"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Each cat in a colony holds a distinct territory, with
+                    sexually active males having the largest territories, which
+                    are about 10 times larger than those of female cats and may
+                    overlap with several females' territories. These territories
+                    are marked by
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Urine_spraying"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Urine spraying"
+                      >urine spraying</a
+                    >, rubbing objects at head height with secretions from
+                    facial glands, and by
+                    <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecation</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Sommerville_83-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Sommerville-83"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Between these territories are neutral areas where cats watch
+                    and greet one another without territorial conflicts. Outside
+                    these neutral areas, territory holders usually chase away
+                    stranger cats, at first by staring, hissing, and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Growling" title="Growling">growling</a>, and,
+                    if that does not work, by short and violent, noisy attacks.
+                    Though cats do not have a social survival strategy or
+                    <a href="/wiki/Herd_behavior" title="Herd behavior"
+                      >herd behavior</a
+                    >, they always hunt alone.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Bradshaw_101-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-101"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Life in proximity to humans and other domestic animals has
+                    led to a symbiotic social adaptation in cats, and cats may
+                    express great affection toward humans or other animals.
+                    <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethologically</a>,
+                    a cat's human keeper functions as a mother surrogate.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-102"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-102"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Adult cats live their lives in a kind of extended
+                    kittenhood, a form of behavioral
+                    <a href="/wiki/Neoteny" title="Neoteny">neoteny</a>. Their
+                    high-pitched sounds may mimic the cries of a hungry human
+                    infant, making them particularly difficult for humans to
+                    ignore.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-McComb_2009_103-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-McComb_2009-103"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Some pet cats are poorly socialized. In particular, older
+                    cats show aggressiveness toward newly arrived kittens, which
+                    include biting and scratching; this type of behavior is
+                    known as feline asocial aggression.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Levine_2005_104-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Levine_2005-104"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Redirected_aggression"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Redirected aggression"
+                      >Redirected aggression</a
+                    >
+                    is a common form of aggression which can occur in multiple
+                    cat households. In redirected aggression, there is usually
+                    something that agitates the cat: this could be a sight,
+                    sound, or another source of stimuli which causes a
+                    heightened level of anxiety or arousal. If the cat cannot
+                    attack the stimuli, it may direct anger elsewhere by
+                    attacking or directing aggression to the nearest cat, pet,
+                    human or other being.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Horwitz_105-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Horwitz-105"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Behaviorist_106-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Behaviorist-106"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Domestic cats'
+                    <a href="/wiki/Scent_rubbing" title="Scent rubbing"
+                      >scent rubbing</a
+                    >
+                    behavior toward humans or other cats is thought to be a
+                    feline means of social bonding.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-107"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-107"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Communication">Communication</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication"
+                      >Cat communication</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879389">
+                    .mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox {
+                      padding: 0;
+                      border: none;
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+                        .mw-parser-output
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+                  <table class="infobox" style="background: #f9f9f9">
+                    <tbody>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image">
+                          <figure
+                            class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center"
+                            typeof="mw:File/Frameless"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/File:Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg"
+                              class="mw-file-description"
+                              ><img
+                                src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg/220px-Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg"
+                                decoding="async"
+                                width="220"
+                                height="147"
+                                class="mw-file-element"
+                                srcset="
+                                  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg/330px-Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg 1.5x,
+                                  //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg/440px-Domestic_Cat_Face_Shot.jpg 2x
+                                "
+                                data-file-width="2250"
+                                data-file-height="1500"
+                            /></a>
+                            <figcaption></figcaption>
+                          </figure>
+                          <div class="infobox-caption">
+                            Vocalizing domestic cat
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                      <tr>
+                        <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">
+                          <hr />
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+                                width: 238px;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .side-box-right {
+                                clear: right;
+                                float: right;
+                                margin-left: 1em;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .side-box-left {
+                                margin-right: 1em;
+                              }
+                            }</style
+                          ><style
+                            data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132"
+                          >
+                            .mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text {
+                              line-height: 1.1em;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .listen-plain {
+                              border: none;
+                              background: transparent;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .listen-embedded {
+                              width: 100%;
+                              margin: 0;
+                              border-width: 1px 0 0 0;
+                              background: transparent;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .listen-header {
+                              padding: 2px;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header {
+                              padding: 2px 0;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .listen-file-header {
+                              padding: 4px 0;
+                            }
+                            .mw-parser-output .listen .description {
+                              padding-top: 2px;
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+                            .mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player {
+                              max-width: 100%;
+                            }
+                            @media (max-width: 719px) {
+                              .mw-parser-output .listen {
+                                clear: both;
+                              }
+                            }
+                            @media (min-width: 720px) {
+                              .mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage) {
+                                width: 320px;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .listen-left {
+                                overflow: visible;
+                                float: left;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .listen-center {
+                                float: none;
+                                margin-left: auto;
+                                margin-right: auto;
+                              }
+                            }
+                          </style>
+                          <div
+                            class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-plain listen-noimage listen-center"
+                            style="border: none; background: none"
+                          >
+                            <style
+                              data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409"
+                            >
+                              .mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,
+                              .mw-parser-output .plainlist ul {
+                                line-height: inherit;
+                                list-style: none;
+                                margin: 0;
+                                padding: 0;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,
+                              .mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li {
+                                margin-bottom: 0;
+                              }
+                            </style>
+                            <div class="side-box-flex">
+                              <div class="side-box-text plainlist">
+                                <div class="haudio">
+                                  <div class="listen-file-header">
+                                    <a
+                                      href="/wiki/File:Meow_domestic_cat.ogg"
+                                      title="File:Meow domestic cat.ogg"
+                                      >A meow</a
+                                    >
+                                  </div>
+                                  <div>
+                                    <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                      ><span
+                                        ><audio
+                                          id="mwe_player_1"
+                                          controls=""
+                                          preload="none"
+                                          data-mw-tmh=""
+                                          class="mw-file-element"
+                                          width="215"
+                                          style="width: 215px"
+                                          data-durationhint="2"
+                                          data-mwtitle="Meow_domestic_cat.ogg"
+                                          data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"
+                                        >
+                                          <source
+                                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/Meow_domestic_cat.ogg/Meow_domestic_cat.ogg.mp3"
+                                            type="audio/mpeg"
+                                            data-transcodekey="mp3"
+                                            data-width="0"
+                                            data-height="0"
+                                          />
+                                          <source
+                                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Meow_domestic_cat.ogg"
+                                            type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"'
+                                            data-width="0"
+                                            data-height="0"
+                                          />
+                                          <track
+                                            src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMeow_domestic_cat.ogg&amp;lang=ru&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A"
+                                            kind="subtitles"
+                                            type="text/vtt"
+                                            srclang="ru"
+                                            label="русский ‪(ru)‬"
+                                            data-dir="ltr"
+                                          /></audio></span
+                                    ></span>
+                                  </div>
+                                  <div class="description"></div>
+                                </div>
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>
+                      </tr>
+                    </tbody>
+                  </table>
+                  <p>
+                    Domestic cats use many
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Animal_communication"
+                      title="Animal communication"
+                      >vocalizations</a
+                    >
+                    for communication, including
+                    <a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">purring</a>,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant"
+                      >trilling</a
+                    >, hissing, growling/snarling, grunting, and several
+                    different forms of meowing.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Moelk1944_108-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Moelk1944-108"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Their
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_body_language"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Cat body language"
+                      >body language</a
+                    >, including position of ears and tail, relaxation of the
+                    whole body, and kneading of the paws, are all indicators of
+                    mood. The tail and ears are particularly important social
+                    signal mechanisms; a raised tail indicates a friendly
+                    greeting, and flattened ears indicate hostility.
+                    Tail-raising also indicates the cat's position in the
+                    group's
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Social_hierarchy"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Social hierarchy"
+                      >social hierarchy</a
+                    >, with dominant individuals raising their tails less often
+                    than subordinate ones.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-109"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-109"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Feral cats are generally silent.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Jensen_110-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Jensen-110"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 208"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;208&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Nose-to-nose touching is also a common greeting and may be
+                    followed by
+                    <a href="/wiki/Social_grooming" title="Social grooming"
+                      >social grooming</a
+                    >, which is solicited by one of the cats raising and tilting
+                    its head.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_98-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-98"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    <a href="/wiki/Purring" class="mw-redirect" title="Purring"
+                      >Purring</a
+                    >
+                    may have developed as an evolutionary advantage as a
+                    signaling mechanism of reassurance between mother cats and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding" title="Breastfeeding"
+                      >nursing</a
+                    >
+                    kittens, who are thought to use it as a care-soliciting
+                    signal.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-bradshaw2012_111-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw2012-111"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Post-nursing cats also often purr as a sign of contentment:
+                    when being petted, becoming relaxed,<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-BruelKjaer_112-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-BruelKjaer-112"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-IsnareCom_113-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-IsnareCom-113"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    or eating. Even though purring is popularly interpreted as
+                    indicative of pleasure, it has been recorded in a wide
+                    variety of circumstances, most of which involve physical
+                    contact between the cat and another, presumably trusted
+                    individual.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-bradshaw2012_111-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw2012-111"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Some cats have been observed to purr continuously when
+                    chronically ill or in apparent pain.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-114"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-114"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    The exact mechanism by which cats purr has long been
+                    elusive, but it has been proposed that purring is generated
+                    via a series of sudden build-ups and releases of pressure as
+                    the <a href="/wiki/Glottis" title="Glottis">glottis</a> is
+                    opened and closed, which causes the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Vocal_folds"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Vocal folds"
+                      >vocal folds</a
+                    >
+                    to separate forcefully. The
+                    <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">laryngeal muscles</a>
+                    in control of the glottis are thought to be driven by a
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Neural_oscillation"
+                      title="Neural oscillation"
+                      >neural oscillator</a
+                    >
+                    which generates a cycle of contraction and release every
+                    30–40
+                    <a href="/wiki/Millisecond" title="Millisecond"
+                      >milliseconds</a
+                    >
+                    (giving a frequency of 33 to 25&#160;Hz).<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-bradshaw2012_111-2"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-bradshaw2012-111"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-115"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-116"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Domestic cats observed in rescue facilities have 276
+                    morphologically distinct
+                    <a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression"
+                      >facial expressions</a
+                    >
+                    based on 26 facial movements; each facial expression
+                    corresponds to different social functions that are likely
+                    influenced by domestication.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-117"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-117"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Facial expressions have helped researchers detect pain in
+                    cats. The feline
+                    <a href="/wiki/Grimace_scale" title="Grimace scale"
+                      >grimace scale</a
+                    >'s five criteria ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle
+                    tension, whisker change, and head position indicated the
+                    presence of acute pain in cats.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-118"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-118"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-119"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Grooming">Grooming</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Cat_tongue_macro.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/220px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="145"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/330px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cat_tongue_macro.jpg/440px-Cat_tongue_macro.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="800"
+                        data-file-height="528"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>Cat tongue</figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats are known for spending considerable amounts of time
+                    licking their coats to keep them clean.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-hairballs_120-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-hairballs-120"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-121"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The cat's tongue has backward-facing spines about 0.5
+                    millimeter long, called
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Lingual_papilla"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Lingual papilla"
+                      >lingual papillae</a
+                    >, which contain
+                    <a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">keratin</a> making
+                    them rigid.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Boshel_1982_122-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Boshel_1982-122"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The papillae act like a hairbrush, and some cats,
+                    particularly
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Domestic_long-haired_cat"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Domestic long-haired cat"
+                      >long-haired cats</a
+                    >, occasionally regurgitate sausage-shaped 2–3&#160;cm
+                    (0.79–1.18&#160;in) long
+                    <a href="/wiki/Hairball" title="Hairball">hairballs</a> of
+                    fur that have collected in their stomachs from grooming.
+                    Hairballs can be prevented with remedies that ease
+                    elimination of the hair through the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Gut_(anatomy)"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Gut (anatomy)"
+                      >gut</a
+                    >, as well as regular grooming of the coat with a comb or
+                    stiff brush.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-hairballs_120-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-hairballs-120"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Fighting">Fighting</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg/220px-Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="171"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg/330px-Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg/440px-Gato_enervado_pola_presencia_dun_can.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="1200"
+                        data-file-height="935"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      A domestic cat's arched back, raised
+                      <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">fur</a> and open-mouthed
+                      hiss are signs of
+                      <a href="/wiki/Aggression" title="Aggression"
+                        >aggression</a
+                      >
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Among domestic cats, males are more likely to fight than
+                    females.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindell_123-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Lindell-123"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Among feral cats, the most common reason for
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Catfight_(animal_behavior)"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Catfight (animal behavior)"
+                      >cat fighting</a
+                    >
+                    is competition between two males to mate with a female. In
+                    such cases, most fights are won by the heavier male.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-courtship_124-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-courtship-124"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Another common reason for fighting in domestic cats is the
+                    difficulty of establishing territories within a small
+                    home.<sup id="cite_ref-Lindell_123-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Lindell-123"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Female cats also fight over territory or to defend their
+                    kittens. Neutering will decrease or eliminate this behavior
+                    in many cases, suggesting that the behavior is linked to
+                    <a href="/wiki/Sex_hormone" title="Sex hormone"
+                      >sex hormones</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-125"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    When cats become aggressive, they try to make themselves
+                    appear larger and more threatening by raising their fur,
+                    arching their backs, turning sideways, and hissing or
+                    spitting.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-behaviourguide_126-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-behaviourguide-126"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Often, the ears are pointed down and back to avoid damage to
+                    the inner ear and potentially listen for any changes behind
+                    them while focused forward. Cats may also vocalize loudly
+                    and bare their teeth in an effort to further intimidate
+                    their opponents. Fights usually consist of grappling and
+                    delivering slaps to the face and body with the forepaws, as
+                    well as bites. Cats also throw themselves to the ground in a
+                    defensive posture to rake their opponent's belly with their
+                    hind legs.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-127"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Serious damage is rare, as the fights are usually short in
+                    duration, with the loser running away with little more than
+                    a few scratches to the face and ears. Fights for mating
+                    rights are typically more severe, and injuries may include
+                    deep puncture wounds and lacerations. Normally, serious
+                    injuries from fighting are limited to infections from
+                    scratches and bites, though these can occasionally kill cats
+                    if untreated. In addition, bites are probably the main route
+                    of transmission of the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus"
+                      title="Feline immunodeficiency virus"
+                      >feline immunodeficiency virus</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Pederson_1989_128-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Pederson_1989-128"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Sexually active males are usually involved in many fights
+                    during their lives and often have decidedly battered faces
+                    with obvious scars and cuts to their ears and nose.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-129"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-129"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Cats are willing to threaten animals larger than them to
+                    defend their territory, such as dogs and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">foxes</a>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-130"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-130"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Hunting_and_feeding">Hunting and feeding</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    See also:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Cat food</a>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure
+                    class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right"
+                    typeof="mw:File/Thumb"
+                  >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg/220px-Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="220"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg/330px-Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg/440px-Kot_z_mysz%C4%85.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="2171"
+                        data-file-height="2169"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      A domestic cat with its prey, a
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Deermouse"
+                        class="mw-redirect"
+                        title="Deermouse"
+                        >deermouse</a
+                      >
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    The shape and structure of cats' cheeks is insufficient to
+                    allow them to take in liquids using suction. Therefore, when
+                    drinking, they lap with the tongue to draw liquid upward
+                    into their mouths. Lapping at a rate of four times a second,
+                    the cat touches the smooth tip of its tongue to the surface
+                    of the water, and quickly retracts it like a corkscrew,
+                    drawing water upward.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Reis_2010_131-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Reis_2010-131"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Kim_2012_132-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Kim_2012-132"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Feral cats and free-fed house cats consume several small
+                    meals in a day. The frequency and size of meals varies
+                    between individuals. They select food based on its
+                    temperature, smell, and texture; they dislike chilled foods
+                    and respond most strongly to moist foods rich in amino
+                    acids, which are similar to meat. Cats reject novel flavors
+                    (a response termed
+                    <a href="/wiki/Neophobia" title="Neophobia">neophobia</a>)
+                    and learn quickly to
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Conditioned_taste_aversion"
+                      title="Conditioned taste aversion"
+                      >avoid foods that have tasted unpleasant</a
+                    >
+                    in the past.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Bradshaw_101-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-101"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Zaghini_133-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Zaghini-133"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    It is also a common misconception that cats like milk/cream,
+                    as they tend to avoid sweet food and milk. Most adult cats
+                    are
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Lactose_intolerant"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Lactose intolerant"
+                      >lactose intolerant</a
+                    >; the sugar in milk is not easily digested and may cause
+                    soft stools or
+                    <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Kienzle_1994_134-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Kienzle_1994-134"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Some also develop odd eating habits and like to eat or chew
+                    on things like wool, plastic, cables, paper, string,
+                    aluminum foil, or even coal. This condition,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Pica_(disorder)" title="Pica (disorder)"
+                      >pica</a
+                    >, can threaten their health, depending on the amount and
+                    toxicity of the items eaten.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Bradshaw_1997_135-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw_1997-135"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats hunt small prey, primarily birds and rodents,<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Woods_136-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Woods-136"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and are often used as a form of pest control.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-137"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-137"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-138"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Other common small creatures, such as lizards and snakes,
+                    may also become prey.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-139"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-139"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Cats use two hunting strategies, either stalking prey
+                    actively, or
+                    <a href="/wiki/Ambush_predator" title="Ambush predator"
+                      >waiting in ambush</a
+                    >
+                    until an animal comes close enough to be captured.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-How_Cats_Evolved_to_Win_the_Internet_140-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a
+                        href="#cite_note-How_Cats_Evolved_to_Win_the_Internet-140"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The strategy used depends on the prey species in the area,
+                    with cats waiting in ambush outside burrows, but tending to
+                    actively stalk birds.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Turner_2000_141-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Turner_2000-141"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 153"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;153&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Domestic cats are a major
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_predation_on_wildlife"
+                      title="Cat predation on wildlife"
+                      >predator of wildlife</a
+                    >
+                    in the United States, killing an estimated 1.3 to
+                    4.0&#160;billion birds and 6.3 to 22.3&#160;billion mammals
+                    annually.<sup id="cite_ref-NC012913_142-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-NC012913-142"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Certain species appear more susceptible than others; in one
+                    English village, for example, 30% of house sparrow mortality
+                    was linked to the domestic cat.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Chucher_1987_143-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Chucher_1987-143"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In the recovery of ringed robins (<i
+                      ><a
+                        href="/wiki/Erithacus_rubecula"
+                        class="mw-redirect"
+                        title="Erithacus rubecula"
+                        >Erithacus rubecula</a
+                      ></i
+                    >) and dunnocks (<i
+                      ><a
+                        href="/wiki/Prunella_modularis"
+                        class="mw-redirect"
+                        title="Prunella modularis"
+                        >Prunella modularis</a
+                      ></i
+                    >) in Britain, 31% of deaths were a result of cat
+                    predation.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Mead_1982_183–186_144-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Mead_1982_183–186-144"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In parts of North America, the presence of larger carnivores
+                    such as <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>,
+                    which prey on cats and other small predators, reduces the
+                    effect of predation by cats and other small predators such
+                    as <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a> and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a> on bird
+                    numbers and variety.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Crooks_1999_145-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Crooks_1999-145"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Another poorly understood element of cat hunting behavior is
+                    the presentation of prey to human guardians. One explanation
+                    is that cats adopt humans into their social group and share
+                    excess kill with others in the group according to the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Dominance_hierarchy"
+                      title="Dominance hierarchy"
+                      >dominance hierarchy</a
+                    >, in which humans are reacted to as if they are at or near
+                    the top.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Leyhausen_1978_146-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Leyhausen_1978-146"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Another explanation is that they attempt to teach their
+                    guardians to hunt or to help their human as if feeding "an
+                    elderly cat, or an inept kitten".<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Morris_Catwatching_1_147-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Morris_Catwatching_1-147"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    This hypothesis is inconsistent with the fact that male cats
+                    also bring home prey, despite males having negligible
+                    involvement in raising kittens.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Turner_2000_141-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Turner_2000-141"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 153"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;153&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Play">Play</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys"
+                      >Cat play and toys</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <span
+                      ><video
+                        id="mwe_player_2"
+                        poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/220px-seek%3D4-Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.jpg"
+                        controls=""
+                        preload="none"
+                        data-mw-tmh=""
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="124"
+                        data-durationhint="295"
+                        data-mwtitle="Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm"
+                        data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"
+                        resource="/wiki/File:Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm"
+                      >
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.480p.vp9.webm"
+                          type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"'
+                          data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm"
+                          data-width="854"
+                          data-height="480"
+                        />
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm"
+                          type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"'
+                          data-width="1077"
+                          data-height="606"
+                        />
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.240p.vp9.webm"
+                          type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"'
+                          data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm"
+                          data-width="426"
+                          data-height="240"
+                        />
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.360p.webm"
+                          type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"'
+                          data-transcodekey="360p.webm"
+                          data-width="640"
+                          data-height="360"
+                        />
+                        <source
+                          src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm/Play_fight_between_cats.webmhd.webm.360p.vp9.webm"
+                          type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"'
+                          data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm"
+                          data-width="640"
+                          data-height="360"
+                        /></video
+                    ></span>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      Play fight between kittens aged 14 weeks
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Domestic cats, especially young kittens, are known for their
+                    love of play. This behavior mimics hunting and is important
+                    in helping kittens learn to stalk, capture, and kill
+                    prey.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-148"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Cats also engage in
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Rough-and-tumble_play"
+                      title="Rough-and-tumble play"
+                      >play fighting</a
+                    >, both with each other and with humans. This behavior may
+                    be a way for cats to practice the skills needed for real
+                    combat, and it might also reduce the fear that they
+                    associate with launching attacks on other animals.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-149"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-149"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats also tend to play with toys more when they are
+                    hungry.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-150"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Owing to the close similarity between play and hunting, cats
+                    prefer to play with objects that resemble prey, such as
+                    small furry toys that move rapidly, but rapidly lose
+                    interest. They become
+                    <a href="/wiki/Habituation" title="Habituation"
+                      >habituated</a
+                    >
+                    to a toy they have played with before.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-151"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-151"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    String is often used as a toy, but if it is eaten, it can
+                    become caught at the base of the cat's tongue and then move
+                    into the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Intestine"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Intestine"
+                      >intestines</a
+                    >, a medical emergency which can cause serious illness, even
+                    death.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-152"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    See also: <a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">Kitten</a>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/220px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="165"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/330px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg/440px-Cats_having_sex_in_Israel.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="3340"
+                        data-file-height="2504"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      When cats mate, the tomcat (male) bites the scruff of the
+                      female's neck as she assumes a position conducive to
+                      <a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">mating</a> known as
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Lordosis_behavior"
+                        title="Lordosis behavior"
+                        >lordosis behavior</a
+                      >.
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    The cat secretes and perceives
+                    <a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">pheromones</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Bland1979_153-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Bland1979-153"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Female cats, called <i>queens</i>, are
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Polyestrous"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Polyestrous"
+                      >polyestrous</a
+                    >
+                    with several
+                    <a href="/wiki/Estrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrus"
+                      >estrus</a
+                    >
+                    cycles during a year, lasting usually 21 days. They are
+                    usually ready to mate between early February and August<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Jemmett1977_154-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Jemmett1977-154"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    in northern temperate zones and throughout the year in
+                    equatorial regions.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-estrous_cycle_155-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-estrous_cycle-155"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Several males, called tomcats, are attracted to a female in
+                    heat. They fight over her, and the victor wins the right to
+                    mate. At first, the female rejects the male, but eventually,
+                    the female allows the male to mate. The female utters a loud
+                    yowl as the male pulls out of her because a male cat's
+                    <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a> has a band of
+                    about 120–150 backward-pointing
+                    <a href="/wiki/Penile_spines" title="Penile spines"
+                      >penile spines</a
+                    >, which are about 1&#160;mm (0.039&#160;in) long; upon
+                    withdrawal of the penis, the spines may provide the female
+                    with increased sexual stimulation, which acts to
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Induced_ovulation_(animals)"
+                      title="Induced ovulation (animals)"
+                      >induce ovulation</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Aronson_1967_156-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Aronson_1967-156"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <figure
+                    class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left"
+                    typeof="mw:File/Thumb"
+                  >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg/170px-Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="170"
+                        height="254"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg/255px-Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg/340px-Radiography_of_a_pregnant_cat.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="1554"
+                        data-file-height="2321"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      Radiography of a pregnant cat; the skeletons of two
+                      fetuses are visible on the left and right of the uterus
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    After mating, the female cleans her
+                    <a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">vulva</a> thoroughly. If
+                    a male attempts to mate with her at this point, the female
+                    attacks him. After about 20 to 30 minutes, once the female
+                    is finished grooming, the cycle will repeat.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-compendium_157-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-compendium-157"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Because ovulation is not always triggered by a single
+                    mating, females may not be impregnated by the first male
+                    with which they mate.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Wildt_1980_158-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Wildt_1980-158"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Furthermore, cats are
+                    <a href="/wiki/Superfecundation" title="Superfecundation"
+                      >superfecund</a
+                    >; that is, a female may mate with more than one male when
+                    she is in heat, with the result that different kittens in a
+                    litter may have different fathers.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-compendium_157-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-compendium-157"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    The
+                    <a href="/wiki/Morula" class="mw-redirect" title="Morula"
+                      >morula</a
+                    >
+                    forms 124 hours after conception. At 148 hours, early
+                    <a href="/wiki/Blastocyst" title="Blastocyst"
+                      >blastocysts</a
+                    >
+                    form. At 10–12 days, implantation occurs.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-159"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-159"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The
+                    <a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a> of
+                    queens lasts between 64 and 67 days, with an average of 65
+                    days.<sup id="cite_ref-Jemmett1977_154-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Jemmett1977-154"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Tsutsui_1993_160-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Tsutsui_1993-160"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:1dayoldkitten.JPG"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1dayoldkitten.JPG/220px-1dayoldkitten.JPG"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="152"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1dayoldkitten.JPG/330px-1dayoldkitten.JPG 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/1dayoldkitten.JPG/440px-1dayoldkitten.JPG 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="801"
+                        data-file-height="555"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>A newborn kitten</figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Based on a study of 2,300 free-ranging queens conducted from
+                    May 1998 and October<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>2000,
+                    they had one to six kittens per
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Litter_(animal)"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Litter (animal)"
+                      >litter</a
+                    >, with an average of three kittens. They produced a mean of
+                    1.4 litters per year, but a maximum of three litters in a
+                    year. Of 169 kittens, 127 died before they were six months
+                    old due to a trauma caused in most cases by dog attacks and
+                    road accidents.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Nutter2004_161-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Nutter2004-161"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The first litter is usually smaller than subsequent litters.
+                    Kittens are weaned between six and seven weeks of age.
+                    Queens normally reach sexual maturity at 5–10 months, and
+                    males at 5–7 months. This varies depending on breed.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-compendium_157-2"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-compendium-157"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Kittens reach
+                    <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a> at the
+                    age of 9–10 months.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Jemmett1977_154-2"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Jemmett1977-154"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats are ready to go to new homes at about 12 weeks of age,
+                    when they are ready to leave their mother.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-162"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-162"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    They can be surgically
+                    <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">sterilized</a>
+                    (spayed or
+                    <a href="/wiki/Castration" title="Castration">castrated</a>)
+                    as early as seven weeks to limit unwanted reproduction.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-163"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-163"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    This surgery also prevents undesirable sex-related behavior,
+                    such as aggression,
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Spraying_(animal_behavior)"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Spraying (animal behavior)"
+                      >territory marking</a
+                    >
+                    (spraying urine) in males, and yowling (calling) in females.
+                    Traditionally, this surgery was performed at around six to
+                    nine months of age, but it is increasingly being performed
+                    before <a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">puberty</a>,
+                    at about three to six months.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-164"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-164"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In the United States, about 80% of household cats are
+                    neutered.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-165"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Lifespan_and_health">Lifespan and health</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main articles:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Cat health</a>
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats" title="Aging in cats"
+                      >Aging in cats</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    The average lifespan of pet cats has risen in recent
+                    decades. In the early 1980s, it was about seven years,<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Kraft1998_166-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Kraft1998-166"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 33"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;33&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Nassar_1984_167-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Nassar_1984-167"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    rising to 9.4 years in 1995<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Kraft1998_166-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Kraft1998-166"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 33"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;33&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and an average of about 13 years as of 2014 and 2023.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-168"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-168"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-169"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Neutering increases life expectancy; one study found
+                    castrated male cats live twice as long as intact males,
+                    while spayed female cats live 62% longer than intact
+                    females.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraft1998_166-2" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Kraft1998-166"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup class="reference nowrap"
+                      ><span title="Page / location: 35"
+                        >&#58;&#8202;35&#8202;</span
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Having a cat
+                    <a href="/wiki/Neutering" title="Neutering">neutered</a>
+                    confers some health benefits, such as a greater life
+                    expectancy and a decreased incidence of reproductive
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Neoplasia"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Neoplasia"
+                      >neoplasia</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Obesity1_170-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Obesity1-170"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    However, neutering decreases metabolism<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-171"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-171"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>170<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Obesity2_172-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Obesity2-172"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Obesity3_173-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Obesity3-173"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and increases food intake,<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Obesity3_173-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Obesity3-173"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Obesity4_174-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Obesity4-174"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>173<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    both of which can cause obesity in neutered cats.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Obesity5_175-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Obesity5-175"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>174<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Pre-pubertal neutering (neutering at 4 months or earlier)
+                    was only recommended by 28% of American veterinarians in one
+                    study. Some concerns of early neutering were metabolic,
+                    retarded
+                    <a href="/wiki/Epiphyseal_plate" title="Epiphyseal plate"
+                      >physeal closure</a
+                    >, and urinary tract disease related.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-176"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-176"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>175<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Disease">Disease</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases"
+                      title="List of feline diseases"
+                      >List of feline diseases</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    About 250 heritable
+                    <a href="/wiki/Genetic_disorder" title="Genetic disorder"
+                      >genetic disorders</a
+                    >
+                    have been identified in cats; many are similar to human
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Inborn_errors_of_metabolism"
+                      title="Inborn errors of metabolism"
+                      >inborn errors of metabolism</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-177"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>176<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The high level of similarity among the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a>
+                    of mammals allows many of these feline diseases to be
+                    diagnosed using
+                    <a href="/wiki/Genetic_testing" title="Genetic testing"
+                      >genetic tests</a
+                    >
+                    that were originally developed for use in humans, as well as
+                    the use of cats as
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Animal_model"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Animal model"
+                      >animal models</a
+                    >
+                    in the study of the human diseases.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-178"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-178"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-179"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Diseases affecting domestic cats include acute infections,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Parasitic_disease" title="Parasitic disease"
+                      >parasitic infestations</a
+                    >, injuries, and chronic diseases such as
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease_in_cats"
+                      title="Chronic kidney disease in cats"
+                      >kidney disease</a
+                    >,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Thyroid_disease" title="Thyroid disease"
+                      >thyroid disease</a
+                    >, and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a>.
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination"
+                      title="Feline vaccination"
+                      >Vaccinations</a
+                    >
+                    are available for many infectious diseases, as are
+                    treatments to eliminate parasites such as worms, ticks, and
+                    fleas.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-180"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Habitats">Habitats</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg/220px-Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="147"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg/330px-Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg/440px-Siamese_cat_of_Altai_shepherds.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="4896"
+                        data-file-height="3264"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      A
+                      <a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat"
+                        >Siamese cat</a
+                      >
+                      living among the
+                      <a href="/wiki/Yurts" class="mw-redirect" title="Yurts"
+                        >yurts</a
+                      >
+                      of shepherds in the
+                      <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains"
+                        >Altai Mountains</a
+                      >, Russia
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    The domestic cat is a
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_species"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Cosmopolitan species"
+                      >cosmopolitan species</a
+                    >
+                    and occurs across much of the world.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Lipinski_49-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Lipinski-49"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    It is adaptable and now present on all continents except
+                    <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a
+                    >, and on 118 of the 131 main groups of islands, even on the
+                    isolated
+                    <a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands"
+                      >Kerguelen Islands</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-181"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-182"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Due to its ability to thrive in almost any terrestrial
+                    habitat, it is among the world's most
+                    <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species"
+                      >invasive species</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-183"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    It lives on small islands with no human inhabitants.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-184"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-184"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>183<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Feral cats can live in forests, grasslands, tundra, coastal
+                    areas, agricultural land, scrublands, urban areas, and
+                    wetlands.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-ISSG_2006_185-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-ISSG_2006-185"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    The unwantedness that leads to the domestic cat being
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_predation_on_wildlife#Impact_by_location"
+                      title="Cat predation on wildlife"
+                      >treated as an invasive species</a
+                    >
+                    is twofold. As it is little altered from the wildcat, it can
+                    readily interbreed with the wildcat. This
+                    <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)"
+                      >hybridization</a
+                    >
+                    poses a danger to the genetic distinctiveness of some
+                    wildcat populations, particularly in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>,
+                    possibly also the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula"
+                      >Iberian Peninsula</a
+                    >, and where protected natural areas are close to
+                    human-dominated landscapes, such as
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Kruger_National_Park"
+                      title="Kruger National Park"
+                      >Kruger National Park</a
+                    >
+                    in
+                    <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"
+                      >South Africa</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Kruger_186-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Kruger-186"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Oliveira_45-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Oliveira-45"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    However, its introduction to places where no native felines
+                    are present also contributes to the decline of native
+                    species.<sup id="cite_ref-contr-ext_187-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-contr-ext-187"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Ferality">Ferality</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a>
+                  </div>
+                  <figure
+                    class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right"
+                    typeof="mw:File/Thumb"
+                  >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/170px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="170"
+                        height="198"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/255px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg/340px-Feral_cat_Virginia_crop.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="1436"
+                        data-file-height="1672"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      Feral
+                      <a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">farm cat</a>
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Feral cats are domestic cats that were born in or have
+                    reverted to a wild state. They are unfamiliar with and wary
+                    of humans and roam freely in urban and rural areas.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Rochlitz_188-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Rochlitz-188"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The numbers of feral cats is not known, but estimates of the
+                    United States feral population range from 25 to 60
+                    million.<sup id="cite_ref-Rochlitz_188-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Rochlitz-188"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Feral cats may live alone, but most are found in large
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Feral_cat_colonies"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Feral cat colonies"
+                      >colonies</a
+                    >, which occupy a specific territory and are usually
+                    associated with a source of food.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-hsus-feral_189-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-hsus-feral-189"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>188<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Famous feral cat colonies are found in Rome around the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a>
+                    and
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Forum_Romanum"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Forum Romanum"
+                      >Forum Romanum</a
+                    >, with cats at some of these sites being fed and given
+                    medical attention by volunteers.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-190"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-190"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>189<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Public attitudes toward feral cats vary widely, from seeing
+                    them as free-ranging pets to regarding them as
+                    <a href="/wiki/Vermin" title="Vermin">vermin</a>.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-191"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-191"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>190<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Impact_on_wildlife">Impact on wildlife</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_predation_on_wildlife"
+                      title="Cat predation on wildlife"
+                      >Cat predation on wildlife</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Causes_of_bird_deaths.png"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Causes_of_bird_deaths.png/220px-Causes_of_bird_deaths.png"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="117"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Causes_of_bird_deaths.png/330px-Causes_of_bird_deaths.png 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Causes_of_bird_deaths.png/440px-Causes_of_bird_deaths.png 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="1876"
+                        data-file-height="995"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>
+                      Outdoor cats are the largest human cause of bird
+                      mortality.
+                    </figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    On islands, birds can contribute as much as 60% of a cat's
+                    diet.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitzgerald_192-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-192"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>191<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In nearly all cases, the cat cannot be identified as the
+                    sole cause for reducing the numbers of island birds, and in
+                    some instances, eradication of cats has caused a "<a
+                      href="/wiki/Mesopredator_release"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Mesopredator release"
+                      >mesopredator release</a
+                    >" effect;<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-193"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    where the suppression of top carnivores creates an abundance
+                    of smaller predators that cause a severe decline in their
+                    shared prey. Domestic cats are a contributing factor to the
+                    decline of many species, a factor that has ultimately led,
+                    in some cases, to extinction.
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Turnagra_capensis"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Turnagra capensis"
+                      >The South Island piopio</a
+                    >,
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Rallus_modestus"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Rallus modestus"
+                      >Chatham rail</a
+                    >,<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Mead_1982_183–186_144-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Mead_1982_183–186-144"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/New_Zealand_merganser"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="New Zealand merganser"
+                      >New Zealand merganser</a
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-194"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    are a few from a long list, with the most extreme case being
+                    the flightless
+                    <a href="/wiki/Lyall%27s_wren" title="Lyall&#39;s wren"
+                      >Lyall's wren</a
+                    >, which was driven to extinction only a few years after its
+                    discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-195"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-196"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    One feral cat in New Zealand killed 102
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/New_Zealand_lesser_short-tailed_bat"
+                      title="New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat"
+                      >New Zealand lesser short-tailed bats</a
+                    >
+                    in seven days.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-197"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>196<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In the United States, feral and free-ranging domestic cats
+                    kill an estimated 6.3–22.3&#160;billion mammals
+                    annually.<sup id="cite_ref-NC012913_142-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-NC012913-142"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    In Australia, one study found feral cats to kill 466 million
+                    reptiles per year. More than 258 reptile species were
+                    identified as being predated by cats.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-198"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-198"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>197<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Cats have contributed to the extinction of the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Navassa_curly-tailed_lizard"
+                      title="Navassa curly-tailed lizard"
+                      >Navassa curly-tailed lizard</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <i
+                      ><a
+                        href="/wiki/Chioninia_coctei"
+                        class="mw-redirect"
+                        title="Chioninia coctei"
+                        >Chioninia coctei</a
+                      >.</i
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-contr-ext_187-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-contr-ext-187"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Interaction_with_humans">
+                      Interaction with humans
+                    </h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats"
+                      title="Human interaction with cats"
+                      >Human interaction with cats</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <figure
+                    class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left"
+                    typeof="mw:File/Thumb"
+                  >
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Mainecoon-lap.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        alt="A long-haired calico cat sat in the lap of a man who is sat cross-legged on the floor."
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mainecoon-lap.jpg/200px-Mainecoon-lap.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="200"
+                        height="214"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mainecoon-lap.jpg/300px-Mainecoon-lap.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mainecoon-lap.jpg/400px-Mainecoon-lap.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="554"
+                        data-file-height="593"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>A cat lying on a man's lap</figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats are common
+                    <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pets</a> throughout the
+                    world, and their worldwide population as of 2007 exceeded
+                    500&#160;million.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-NYT_199-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-NYT-199"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    As of 2017,<sup
+                      class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update"
+                      style="display: none"
+                      ><a
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=edit"
+                        >&#91;update&#93;</a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    the domestic cat was the second most popular pet in the
+                    <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"
+                      >United States</a
+                    >, with 95.6&#160;million cats owned<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-200"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-200"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>199<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-201"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>200<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and around 42&#160;million households owning at least one
+                    cat.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-202"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In the
+                    <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"
+                      >United Kingdom</a
+                    >, 26% of adults have a cat, with an estimated population of
+                    10.9&#160;million pet cats as of 2020.<sup
+                      class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update"
+                      style="display: none"
+                      ><a
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=edit"
+                        >&#91;update&#93;</a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-203"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>202<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    As of 2021,<sup
+                      class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update"
+                      style="display: none"
+                      ><a
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;action=edit"
+                        >&#91;update&#93;</a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    there were an estimated 220&#160;million owned and
+                    480&#160;million stray cats in the world.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-204"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-204"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats have been used for millennia to control rodents,
+                    notably
+                    <a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat"
+                      >around grain stores</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship&#39;s cat"
+                      >aboard ships</a
+                    >, and both uses extend to the present day.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-205"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-205"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>204<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-206"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>205<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Cats are also used in the international
+                    <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-207"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>206<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and leather industries for making coats, hats, blankets,
+                    stuffed toys,<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-208"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>207<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    shoes, gloves, and musical instruments.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-209"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-209"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>208<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    About 24 cats are needed to make a cat-fur coat.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-210"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-210"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>209<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    This use has been outlawed in the United States since 2000
+                    and in the European Union (as well as the United Kingdom)
+                    since 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-211"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>210<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Cat pelts have been used for superstitious purposes as part
+                    of the practice of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a
+                    >,<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-212"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    and they are still made into blankets in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"
+                      >Switzerland</a
+                    >
+                    as
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine"
+                      title="Traditional medicine"
+                      >traditional medicines</a
+                    >
+                    thought to cure
+                    <a href="/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-213"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>212<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb">
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/File:Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg"
+                      class="mw-file-description"
+                      ><img
+                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg/220px-Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg"
+                        decoding="async"
+                        width="220"
+                        height="124"
+                        class="mw-file-element"
+                        srcset="
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg/330px-Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg 1.5x,
+                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg/440px-Man_holding_Calico_cat.jpg 2x
+                        "
+                        data-file-width="1920"
+                        data-file-height="1080"
+                    /></a>
+                    <figcaption>A man holding a calico cat</figcaption>
+                  </figure>
+                  <p>
+                    A few attempts to build a cat census have been made over the
+                    years, both through associations or national and
+                    international organizations (such as that of the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Canadian_Federation_of_Humane_Societies"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Canadian Federation of Humane Societies"
+                      >Canadian Federation of Humane Societies</a
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-Canadian_214-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Canadian-214"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>213<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >) and over the Internet.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-catsbe_215-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-catsbe-215"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>214<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-SupremeCatCensus_216-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-SupremeCatCensus-216"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>215<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    General estimates for the global population of domestic cats
+                    range widely from anywhere between 200&#160;million to
+                    600&#160;million.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-217"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-218"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>217<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-219"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-220"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-221"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    <a href="/wiki/Walter_Chandoha" title="Walter Chandoha"
+                      >Walter Chandoha</a
+                    >
+                    made his career photographing cats after his 1949 images of
+                    <i>Loco</i>, a stray cat, were published. He is reported to
+                    have photographed 90,000 cats during his career and
+                    maintained an archive of 225,000 images that he drew from
+                    for publications during his lifetime.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-222"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-222"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>221<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    <a href="/wiki/Pet_humanization" title="Pet humanization"
+                      >Pet humanization</a
+                    >
+                    is a form of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism"
+                      >anthropomorphism</a
+                    >
+                    in which cats are kept for companionship and treated more
+                    like human family members than traditional pets.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-223"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-223"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>222<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    This trend of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Pet_culture" title="Pet culture"
+                      >pet culture</a
+                    >
+                    involves providing cats with a higher level of care,
+                    attention and often even luxury, similar to the way humans
+                    are treated.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-224"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Shows">Shows</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a>
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    A <a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">cat show</a> is
+                    a judged event in which the owners of cats compete to win
+                    titles in various cat-registering organizations by entering
+                    their cats to be judged after a breed standard.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-:0_225-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:0-225"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    It is often required that a cat must be healthy and
+                    vaccinated to participate in a cat show.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-:0_225-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:0-225"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Both
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Pedigree_(cat)"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Pedigree (cat)"
+                      >pedigreed</a
+                    >
+                    and non-<a href="/wiki/Purebred" title="Purebred"
+                      >purebred</a
+                    >
+                    companion ("moggy") cats are admissible, although the rules
+                    differ depending on the organization. Competing cats are
+                    compared to the applicable breed standard, and assessed for
+                    temperament.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_225-2" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-:0-225"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Infection">Infection</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main article:
+                    <a href="/wiki/Feline_zoonosis" title="Feline zoonosis"
+                      >Feline zoonosis</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats can be
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_predation_on_wildlife"
+                      title="Cat predation on wildlife"
+                      >infected</a
+                    >
+                    or infested with
+                    <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a>,
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria"
+                      title="Pathogenic bacteria"
+                      >bacteria</a
+                    >, <a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">fungus</a>,
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Protozoans"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Protozoans"
+                      >protozoans</a
+                    >,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropods</a>
+                    or worms that can transmit diseases to humans.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Chomel2014_226-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Chomel2014-226"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>225<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In some cases, the cat exhibits no
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Symptoms"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Symptoms"
+                      >symptoms</a
+                    >
+                    of the disease.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Ohio2016_227-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Ohio2016-227"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The same disease can then become evident in a human.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Goldstein2015_228-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Goldstein2015-228"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>227<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The likelihood that a person will become diseased depends on
+                    the age and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Immunocompetence" title="Immunocompetence"
+                      >immune status</a
+                    >
+                    of the person. Humans who have cats living in their home or
+                    in close association are more likely to become infected.
+                    Others might also acquire infections from cat
+                    <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a> and
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Parasite"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Parasite"
+                      >parasites</a
+                    >
+                    exiting the cat's body.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Chomel2014_226-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Chomel2014-226"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>225<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-StullBrophy2015_229-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-StullBrophy2015-229"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>228<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Some of the infections of most concern include
+                    <a href="/wiki/Salmonella" title="Salmonella">salmonella</a
+                    >,
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease"
+                      title="Cat-scratch disease"
+                      >cat-scratch disease</a
+                    >, and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis"
+                      >toxoplasmosis</a
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-Ohio2016_227-1" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Ohio2016-227"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="History_and_mythology">History and mythology</h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"
+                  />
+                  <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">
+                    Main articles:
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats"
+                      title="Cultural depictions of cats"
+                      >Cultural depictions of cats</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt"
+                      title="Cats in ancient Egypt"
+                      >Cats in ancient Egypt</a
+                    >
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    In
+                    <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt"
+                      >ancient Egypt</a
+                    >, cats were
+                    <a href="/wiki/Animal_worship" title="Animal worship"
+                      >revered</a
+                    >, and the goddess
+                    <a href="/wiki/Bastet" title="Bastet">Bastet</a> often
+                    depicted in cat form, sometimes taking on the war-like
+                    aspect of a lioness. The Greek historian
+                    <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>
+                    reported that killing a cat was forbidden, and when a
+                    household cat died, the entire family mourned and shaved
+                    their eyebrows. Families took their dead cats to the sacred
+                    city of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Bubastis" title="Bubastis">Bubastis</a>,
+                    where they were embalmed and buried in sacred repositories.
+                    Herodotus expressed astonishment at the domestic cats in
+                    Egypt, because he had only ever seen wildcats.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Malek1997_230-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Malek1997-230"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Ancient Greeks and Romans kept
+                    <a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">weasels</a> as pets,
+                    which were seen as the ideal rodent-killers. The earliest
+                    unmistakable evidence of the Greeks having domestic cats
+                    comes from two coins from
+                    <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia"
+                      >Magna Graecia</a
+                    >
+                    dating to the mid-fifth century BC showing Iokastos and
+                    Phalanthos, the legendary founders of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria"
+                      >Rhegion</a
+                    >
+                    and
+                    <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taras</a>
+                    respectively, playing with their pet cats. The usual ancient
+                    Greek word for 'cat' was
+                    <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"
+                      ><i lang="grc-Latn">ailouros</i></span
+                    >, meaning 'thing with the waving tail'. Cats are rarely
+                    mentioned in
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_literature"
+                      title="Ancient Greek literature"
+                      >ancient Greek literature</a
+                    >.
+                    <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>
+                    remarked in his
+                    <i
+                      ><a
+                        href="/wiki/History_of_Animals"
+                        title="History of Animals"
+                        >History of Animals</a
+                      ></i
+                    >
+                    that "female cats are naturally
+                    <a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">lecherous</a
+                    >." The Greeks later
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca"
+                      title="Interpretatio graeca"
+                      >syncretized</a
+                    >
+                    their own goddess
+                    <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> with the
+                    Egyptian goddess Bastet, adopting Bastet's associations with
+                    cats and ascribing them to Artemis. In
+                    <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>'s
+                    <i
+                      ><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses"
+                        >Metamorphoses</a
+                      ></i
+                    >, when the deities flee to Egypt and take animal forms, the
+                    goddess
+                    <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)"
+                      >Diana</a
+                    >
+                    turns into a cat.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Engels2001_231-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Engels2001-231"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-232"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>231<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Cats eventually displaced
+                    <a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">weasels</a> as the
+                    pest control of choice because they were more pleasant to
+                    have around the house and were more enthusiastic hunters of
+                    mice. During the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages"
+                      >Middle Ages</a
+                    >, many of Artemis's associations with cats were grafted
+                    onto the
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus"
+                      title="Mary, mother of Jesus"
+                      >Virgin Mary</a
+                    >. Cats are often shown in icons of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation"
+                      >Annunciation</a
+                    >
+                    and of the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family"
+                      >Holy Family</a
+                    >
+                    and, according to
+                    <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Italy" title="Folklore of Italy"
+                      >Italian folklore</a
+                    >, on the same night that Mary gave birth to
+                    <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, a cat in
+                    <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>
+                    gave birth to a kitten.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Beadle1977_233-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Beadle1977-233"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Domestic cats were spread throughout much of the rest of the
+                    world during the
+                    <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery"
+                      >Age of Discovery</a
+                    >, as
+                    <a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship&#39;s cat"
+                      >ships' cats</a
+                    >
+                    were carried on
+                    <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship"
+                      >sailing ships</a
+                    >
+                    to control shipboard rodents and as good-luck charms.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Faure2009_39-1"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Faure2009-39"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    Several ancient religions believed cats are exalted souls,
+                    companions or guides for humans, that are all-knowing but
+                    mute so they cannot influence decisions made by humans. In
+                    Japan, the
+                    <span title="Japanese-language text"
+                      ><i lang="ja-Latn"
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/Maneki_neko"
+                          class="mw-redirect"
+                          title="Maneki neko"
+                          >maneki neko</a
+                        ></i
+                      ></span
+                    >
+                    cat is a symbol of good fortune.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-234"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-234"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>233<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In
+                    <a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology"
+                      >Norse mythology</a
+                    >, <a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a>, the
+                    goddess of love, beauty, and fertility, is depicted as
+                    riding a chariot drawn by cats.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-235"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-235"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>234<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Legends_of_the_Jews"
+                      title="Legends of the Jews"
+                      >Jewish legend</a
+                    >, the first cat was living in the house of the first man
+                    <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> as a pet that got
+                    rid of
+                    <a href="/wiki/Mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Mice"
+                      >mice</a
+                    >. The cat was once partnering with the first dog before the
+                    latter broke an oath they had made which resulted in enmity
+                    between the descendants of these two animals. It is also
+                    written that neither cats nor
+                    <a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a> are represented in
+                    the water, while every other animal has an incarnation
+                    species in the water.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-Ginzberg_236-0"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Ginzberg-236"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Although no species are sacred in Islam,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_cats" title="Islam and cats"
+                      >cats are revered by Muslims</a
+                    >. Some Western writers have stated
+                    <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> had a
+                    favorite cat,
+                    <i
+                      ><a href="/wiki/Muezza" class="mw-redirect" title="Muezza"
+                        >Muezza</a
+                      ></i
+                    >.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-237"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>236<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    He is reported to have loved cats so much, "he would do
+                    without his cloak rather than disturb one that was sleeping
+                    on it".<sup id="cite_ref-Reeves_238-0" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-Reeves-238"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>237<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The story has no origin in early Muslim writers, and seems
+                    to confuse a story of a later
+                    <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi"
+                      >Sufi</a
+                    >
+                    saint,
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Ahmed_ar-Rifa%27i"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Ahmed ar-Rifa&#39;i"
+                      >Ahmed ar-Rifa'i</a
+                    >, centuries after Muhammad.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-239"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-239"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>238<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    One of the companions of Muhammad was known as
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Abu_Hurayrah"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Abu Hurayrah"
+                      >Abu Hurayrah</a
+                    >
+                    ("father of the kitten"), in reference to his documented
+                    affection to cats.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-240"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>239<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div class="center">
+                    <div class="thumb tnone" style="">
+                      <div
+                        class="thumbinner"
+                        style="width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content"
+                      >
+                        <div class="center noresize" style="width: auto">
+                          <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
+                            <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px">
+                              <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px">
+                                <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                  ><a
+                                    href="/wiki/File:Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg"
+                                    class="mw-file-description"
+                                    title="The ancient Egyptians mummified dead cats out of respect in the same way that they mummified people.[240]"
+                                    ><img
+                                      alt="The ancient Egyptians mummified dead cats out of respect in the same way that they mummified people.[240]"
+                                      src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg/300px-Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg"
+                                      decoding="async"
+                                      width="200"
+                                      height="120"
+                                      class="mw-file-element"
+                                      srcset="
+                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg/449px-Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg 1.5x,
+                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Louvre_egyptologie_21.jpg                                       2x
+                                      "
+                                      data-file-width="512"
+                                      data-file-height="308" /></a
+                                ></span>
+                              </div>
+                              <div class="gallerytext">
+                                The ancient Egyptians
+                                <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy"
+                                  >mummified</a
+                                >
+                                dead cats out of respect in the same way that
+                                they mummified people.<sup
+                                  id="cite_ref-Clutton-Brock1999_241-0"
+                                  class="reference"
+                                  ><a href="#cite_note-Clutton-Brock1999-241"
+                                    ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span
+                                    >240<span class="cite-bracket"
+                                      >&#93;</span
+                                    ></a
+                                  ></sup
+                                >
+                              </div>
+                            </li>
+                            <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124px">
+                              <div class="thumb" style="width: 122px">
+                                <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                  ><a
+                                    href="/wiki/File:Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg"
+                                    class="mw-file-description"
+                                    title="Ancient Roman mosaic of a cat killing a partridge from the House of the Faun in Pompeii"
+                                    ><img
+                                      alt="Ancient Roman mosaic of a cat killing a partridge from the House of the Faun in Pompeii"
+                                      src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg/183px-Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg"
+                                      decoding="async"
+                                      width="122"
+                                      height="120"
+                                      class="mw-file-element"
+                                      srcset="
+                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg/274px-Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg 1.5x,
+                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg/366px-Cat_birds_MAN_Napoli_Inv9993.jpg 2x
+                                      "
+                                      data-file-width="2428"
+                                      data-file-height="2390" /></a
+                                ></span>
+                              </div>
+                              <div class="gallerytext">
+                                Ancient
+                                <a
+                                  href="/wiki/Roman_mosaic"
+                                  title="Roman mosaic"
+                                  >Roman mosaic</a
+                                >
+                                of a cat killing a
+                                <a href="/wiki/Partridge" title="Partridge"
+                                  >partridge</a
+                                >
+                                from the
+                                <a
+                                  href="/wiki/House_of_the_Faun"
+                                  title="House of the Faun"
+                                  >House of the Faun</a
+                                >
+                                in
+                                <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii"
+                                  >Pompeii</a
+                                >
+                              </div>
+                            </li>
+                            <li
+                              class="gallerybox"
+                              style="width: 196.66666666667px"
+                            >
+                              <div
+                                class="thumb"
+                                style="width: 194.66666666667px"
+                              >
+                                <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                  ><a
+                                    href="/wiki/File:PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg"
+                                    class="mw-file-description"
+                                    title="A 19th-century drawing of a tabby cat"
+                                    ><img
+                                      alt="A 19th-century drawing of a tabby cat"
+                                      src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg/292px-PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg"
+                                      decoding="async"
+                                      width="195"
+                                      height="120"
+                                      class="mw-file-element"
+                                      srcset="
+                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg/438px-PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg 1.5x,
+                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg/583px-PSM_V37_D105_English_tabby_cat.jpg 2x
+                                      "
+                                      data-file-width="2216"
+                                      data-file-height="1368" /></a
+                                ></span>
+                              </div>
+                              <div class="gallerytext">
+                                A 19th-century drawing of a tabby cat
+                              </div>
+                            </li>
+                            <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px">
+                              <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px">
+                                <span typeof="mw:File"
+                                  ><a
+                                    href="/wiki/File:Black_Cat_(7983739954).jpg"
+                                    class="mw-file-description"
+                                    title="Some cultures are superstitious about black cats, ascribing either good or bad luck to them."
+                                    ><img
+                                      alt="Some cultures are superstitious about black cats, ascribing either good or bad luck to them."
+                                      src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg/270px-Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg"
+                                      decoding="async"
+                                      width="180"
+                                      height="120"
+                                      class="mw-file-element"
+                                      srcset="
+                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg/405px-Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg 1.5x,
+                                        //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg/540px-Black_Cat_%287983739954%29.jpg 2x
+                                      "
+                                      data-file-width="5184"
+                                      data-file-height="3456" /></a
+                                ></span>
+                              </div>
+                              <div class="gallerytext">
+                                Some cultures are superstitious about black
+                                cats, ascribing either good or bad luck to them.
+                              </div>
+                            </li>
+                          </ul>
+                        </div>
+                      </div>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3">
+                    <h3 id="Superstitions_and_rituals">
+                      Superstitions and rituals
+                    </h3>
+                  </div>
+                  <p>
+                    Many cultures have negative
+                    <a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition"
+                      >superstitions</a
+                    >
+                    about cats. An example would be the belief that encountering
+                    a
+                    <a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">black cat</a>
+                    ("crossing one's path") leads to bad luck, or that cats are
+                    witches'
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Familiar_spirit"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Familiar spirit"
+                      >familiars</a
+                    >
+                    used to augment a witch's powers and skills. The killing of
+                    cats in Medieval
+                    <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>,
+                    <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, is
+                    commemorated in the innocuous present-day
+                    <a href="/wiki/Kattenstoet" title="Kattenstoet"
+                      >Kattenstoet</a
+                    >
+                    (cat parade).<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-242"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>241<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    In mid-16th century France,
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat-burning"
+                      class="mw-redirect"
+                      title="Cat-burning"
+                      >cats would allegedly be burnt alive</a
+                    >
+                    as a form of entertainment, particularly during midsummer
+                    festivals. According to
+                    <a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies"
+                      >Norman Davies</a
+                    >, the assembled people "shrieked with laughter as the
+                    animals, howling with pain, were singed, roasted, and
+                    finally
+                    <a href="/wiki/Carbonization" title="Carbonization"
+                      >carbonized</a
+                    >".<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-243"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    The remaining ashes were sometimes taken back home by the
+                    people for good luck.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-244"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-244"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>243<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <p>
+                    According to a myth in many cultures, cats have multiple
+                    lives. In many countries, they are believed to have nine
+                    lives, but in Italy, Germany, Greece, Brazil and some
+                    Spanish-speaking regions, they are said to have seven
+                    lives,<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-245"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>244<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    ><sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-246"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>245<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    while in Arabic traditions, the number of lives is six.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-247"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-247"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>246<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    An early mention of the myth can be found in
+                    <a href="/wiki/John_Heywood" title="John Heywood"
+                      >John Heywood</a
+                    >'s <i>The Proverbs of John Heywood</i> (1546):<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-248"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-248"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>247<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">
+                    .mw-parser-output .templatequote {
+                      overflow: hidden;
+                      margin: 1em 0;
+                      padding: 0 32px;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .templatequotecite {
+                      line-height: 1.5em;
+                      text-align: left;
+                      margin-top: 0;
+                    }
+                    @media (min-width: 500px) {
+                      .mw-parser-output .templatequotecite {
+                        padding-left: 1.6em;
+                      }
+                    }
+                  </style>
+                  <blockquote class="templatequote">
+                    <div class="poem">
+                      <p>
+                        Husband, (<a
+                          href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quoth#Verb_2"
+                          class="extiw"
+                          title="wikt:quoth"
+                          >quoth</a
+                        >
+                        she), ye studie, be merrie now,<br />
+                        And even as ye thinke now, so come to yow.<br />
+                        Nay not so, (quoth he), for my thought to tell right,<br />
+                        I thinke how you lay
+                        <a
+                          href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/groning#English"
+                          class="extiw"
+                          title="wikt:groning"
+                          >groning</a
+                        >, wife, all last night.<br />
+                        Husband, <i>a groning horse and a groning wife</i><br />
+                        <i>Never faile their master</i>, (quoth she), for my
+                        life.<br />
+                        No wife,
+                        <i
+                          >a woman
+                          <a
+                            href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hath#English"
+                            class="extiw"
+                            title="wikt:hath"
+                            >hath</a
+                          >
+                          nine lives like a cat</i
+                        >.
+                      </p>
+                    </div>
+                  </blockquote>
+                  <p>
+                    The myth is attributed to the natural suppleness and
+                    swiftness cats exhibit to escape life-threatening
+                    situations.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-249"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>248<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                    Also lending credence to this myth is the fact that falling
+                    cats often land on their feet, using an instinctive
+                    <a
+                      href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex"
+                      title="Cat righting reflex"
+                      >righting reflex</a
+                    >
+                    to twist their bodies around. Nonetheless, cats can still be
+                    injured or killed by a high fall.<sup
+                      id="cite_ref-250"
+                      class="reference"
+                      ><a href="#cite_note-250"
+                        ><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>249<span
+                          class="cite-bracket"
+                          >&#93;</span
+                        ></a
+                      ></sup
+                    >
+                  </p>
+                  <div style="clear: both" class=""></div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">
+                    .mw-parser-output .portalbox {
+                      padding: 0;
+                      margin: 0.5em 0;
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+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .portalborder {
+                      border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);
+                      padding: 0.1em;
+                      background: var(
+                        --background-color-neutral-subtle,
+                        #f8f9fa
+                      );
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry {
+                      display: table-row;
+                      font-size: 85%;
+                      line-height: 110%;
+                      height: 1.9em;
+                      font-style: italic;
+                      font-weight: bold;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .portalbox-image {
+                      display: table-cell;
+                      padding: 0.2em;
+                      vertical-align: middle;
+                      text-align: center;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .portalbox-link {
+                      display: table-cell;
+                      padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;
+                      vertical-align: middle;
+                    }
+                    @media (min-width: 720px) {
+                      .mw-parser-output .portalleft {
+                        clear: left;
+                        float: left;
+                        margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;
+                      }
+                      .mw-parser-output .portalright {
+                        clear: right;
+                        float: right;
+                        margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;
+                      }
+                    }
+                  </style>
+                  <ul
+                    role="navigation"
+                    aria-label="Portals"
+                    class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"
+                  >
+                    <li class="portalbox-entry">
+                      <span class="portalbox-image"
+                        ><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"
+                          ><a
+                            href="/wiki/File:Cat03.jpg"
+                            class="mw-file-description"
+                            ><img
+                              alt="icon"
+                              src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/28px-Cat03.jpg"
+                              decoding="async"
+                              width="28"
+                              height="28"
+                              class="mw-file-element"
+                              srcset="
+                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/42px-Cat03.jpg 1.5x,
+                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cat03.jpg/56px-Cat03.jpg 2x
+                              "
+                              data-file-width="1600"
+                              data-file-height="1598" /></a></span></span
+                      ><span class="portalbox-link"
+                        ><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cats" title="Portal:Cats"
+                          >Cats portal</a
+                        ></span
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li class="portalbox-entry">
+                      <span class="portalbox-image"
+                        ><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"
+                          ><a
+                            href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg"
+                            class="mw-file-description"
+                            ><img
+                              alt="icon"
+                              src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg"
+                              decoding="async"
+                              width="32"
+                              height="28"
+                              class="mw-file-element"
+                              srcset="
+                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/48px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x,
+                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/64px-Okapi2.jpg 2x
+                              "
+                              data-file-width="1707"
+                              data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></span
+                      ><span class="portalbox-link"
+                        ><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals"
+                          >Mammals portal</a
+                        ></span
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li class="portalbox-entry">
+                      <span class="portalbox-image"
+                        ><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"
+                          ><a
+                            href="/wiki/File:Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg"
+                            class="mw-file-description"
+                            ><img
+                              alt="icon"
+                              src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/32px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg"
+                              decoding="async"
+                              width="32"
+                              height="22"
+                              class="mw-file-element"
+                              srcset="
+                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/48px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 1.5x,
+                                //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg/64px-Wapiti_from_Wagon_Trails.jpg 2x
+                              "
+                              data-file-width="2064"
+                              data-file-height="1413" /></a></span></span
+                      ><span class="portalbox-link"
+                        ><a href="/wiki/Portal:Animals" title="Portal:Animals"
+                          >Animals portal</a
+                        ></span
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">
+                    .mw-parser-output .div-col {
+                      margin-top: 0.3em;
+                      column-width: 30em;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .div-col-small {
+                      font-size: 90%;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .div-col-rules {
+                      column-rule: 1px solid #aaa;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .div-col dl,
+                    .mw-parser-output .div-col ol,
+                    .mw-parser-output .div-col ul {
+                      margin-top: 0;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .div-col li,
+                    .mw-parser-output .div-col dd {
+                      page-break-inside: avoid;
+                      break-inside: avoid-column;
+                    }
+                  </style>
+                  <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em">
+                    <ul>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats" title="Aging in cats"
+                          >Aging in cats</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia"
+                          >Ailurophobia</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Animal_testing_on_cats"
+                          class="mw-redirect"
+                          title="Animal testing on cats"
+                          >Animal testing on cats</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Cancer_in_cats" title="Cancer in cats"
+                          >Cancer in cats</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Cat_bite" title="Cat bite">Cat bite</a>
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Cat_caf%C3%A9" title="Cat café"
+                          >Cat café</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Cat_collar" title="Cat collar"
+                          >Cat collar</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Cat_fancy" title="Cat fancy"
+                          >Cat fancy</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Cat_lady" title="Cat lady">Cat lady</a>
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Cat food</a>
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a>
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Cat_repeller" title="Cat repeller"
+                          >Cat repeller</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Cats_and_the_Internet"
+                          title="Cats and the Internet"
+                          >Cats and the Internet</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Cats_in_Australia"
+                          title="Cats in Australia"
+                          >Cats in Australia</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Cats_in_New_Zealand"
+                          title="Cats in New Zealand"
+                          >Cats in New Zealand</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Cats_in_the_United_States"
+                          title="Cats in the United States"
+                          >Cats in the United States</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Cat%E2%80%93dog_relationship"
+                          title="Cat–dog relationship"
+                          >Cat–dog relationship</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Dog</a></li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Dried_cat" title="Dried cat"
+                          >Dried cat</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Feral_cats_in_Istanbul"
+                          title="Feral cats in Istanbul"
+                          >Feral cats in Istanbul</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds"
+                          title="List of cat breeds"
+                          >List of cat breeds</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/List_of_cat_documentaries,_television_series_and_cartoons"
+                          title="List of cat documentaries, television series and cartoons"
+                          >List of cat documentaries, television series and
+                          cartoons</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cats"
+                          title="List of individual cats"
+                          >List of individual cats</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_felines"
+                          title="List of fictional felines"
+                          >List of fictional felines</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases"
+                          title="List of feline diseases"
+                          >List of feline diseases</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Neko-dera" title="Neko-dera"
+                          >Neko-dera</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Perlorian" title="Perlorian"
+                          >Perlorian</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Pet_door" title="Pet door">Pet door</a>
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a href="/wiki/Pet_first_aid" title="Pet first aid"
+                          >Pet first aid</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                      <li>
+                        <a
+                          href="/wiki/Popular_cat_names"
+                          title="Popular cat names"
+                          >Popular cat names</a
+                        >
+                      </li>
+                    </ul>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
+                    .mw-parser-output .reflist {
+                      margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+                      list-style-type: decimal;
+                    }
+                    @media screen {
+                      .mw-parser-output .reflist {
+                        font-size: 90%;
+                      }
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .reflist .references {
+                      font-size: 100%;
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+                    }
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+                    }
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+                      margin-top: 0.3em;
+                    }
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+                      margin-top: 0;
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+                    }
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+                      list-style-type: upper-alpha;
+                    }
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+                      list-style-type: upper-roman;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha {
+                      list-style-type: lower-alpha;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek {
+                      list-style-type: lower-greek;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman {
+                      list-style-type: lower-roman;
+                    }
+                  </style>
+                  <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
+                    <div class="mw-references-wrap">
+                      <ol class="references">
+                        <li id="cite_note-25">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><a href="#CITEREFDriscollMacdonaldO&#39;Brien2009"
+                              >Driscoll, Macdonald &amp; O'Brien 2009</a
+                            >
+                            did not conclude a date for genetic divergence,
+                            noting from archaeological evidence that "the
+                            broadest range of dates for domestication to be from
+                            11,000 to 4,000 B.P.".</span
+                          >
+                        </li>
+                      </ol>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="References">References</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <link
+                    rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                    href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"
+                  />
+                  <div class="reflist">
+                    <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns">
+                      <ol class="references">
+                        <li id="cite_note-Linnaeus1758-1">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Linnaeus1758_1-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><style
+                              data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                            >
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+                                .mw-parser-output
+                                .id-lock-registration
+                                a,
+                              body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva)
+                                .mw-parser-output
+                                .id-lock-subscription
+                                a,
+                              body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva)
+                                .mw-parser-output
+                                .cs1-ws-icon
+                                a {
+                                background-size: contain;
+                                padding: 0 1em 0 0;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .cs1-code {
+                                color: inherit;
+                                background: inherit;
+                                border: none;
+                                padding: inherit;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error {
+                                display: none;
+                                color: var(--color-error, #d33);
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error {
+                                color: var(--color-error, #d33);
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint {
+                                display: none;
+                                color: #085;
+                                margin-left: 0.3em;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left {
+                                padding-left: 0.2em;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right {
+                                padding-right: 0.2em;
+                              }
+                              .mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink {
+                                font-weight: inherit;
+                              }
+                              @media screen {
+                                .mw-parser-output .cs1-format {
+                                  font-size: 95%;
+                                }
+                                html.skin-theme-clientpref-night
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                  .cs1-maint {
+                                  color: #18911f;
+                                }
+                              }
+                              @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+                                html.skin-theme-clientpref-os
+                                  .mw-parser-output
+                                  .cs1-maint {
+                                  color: #18911f;
+                                }
+                              }</style
+                            ><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLinnaeus1758"
+                              class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"
+                              >Linnaeus, C. (1758).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000798865/page/42"
+                                >"Felis Catus"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Systema naturae per regna tria naturae:
+                                secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum
+                                characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis</i
+                              >
+                              (in Latin). Vol.&#160;1 (10th reformed&#160;ed.).
+                              Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. p.&#160;42.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Felis+Catus&amp;rft.btitle=Systema+naturae+per+regna+tria+naturae%3A+secundum+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+cum+characteribus%2C+differentiis%2C+synonymis%2C+locis&amp;rft.place=Holmiae&amp;rft.pages=42&amp;rft.edition=10th+reformed&amp;rft.pub=Laurentii+Salvii&amp;rft.date=1758&amp;rft.aulast=Linnaeus&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmobot31753000798865%2Fpage%2F42&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-MSW3fc-2">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_2-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fc_2-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFWozencraft2005"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                href="/wiki/W._Chris_Wozencraft"
+                                title="W. Chris Wozencraft"
+                                >Wozencraft, W. C.</a
+                              >
+                              (2005).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000031"
+                                >"Species <i>Felis catus</i>"</a
+                              >. In
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson"
+                                title="Don E. Wilson"
+                                >Wilson, D. E.</a
+                              >; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&amp;pg=PA534–535"
+                                ><i
+                                  >Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and
+                                  Geographic Reference</i
+                                ></a
+                              >
+                              (3rd&#160;ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
+                              pp.&#160;534–535.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"
+                                ><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="OCLC (identifier)"
+                                >OCLC</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494"
+                                >62265494</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Species+Felis+catus&amp;rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&amp;rft.pages=534-535&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&amp;rft.aulast=Wozencraft&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+C.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fbiology%2Fresources%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14000031&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Erxleben-3">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Erxleben_3-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Erxleben_3-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFErxleben1777"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Erxleben, J. C. P. (1777).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/iochristpolycerx00erxl/page/520"
+                                >"Felis Catus domesticus"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines,
+                                genera, species, varietates cvm synonymia et
+                                historia animalivm. Classis I. Mammalia</i
+                              >. Lipsiae: Weygandt. pp.&#160;520–521.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Felis+Catus+domesticus&amp;rft.btitle=Systema+regni+animalis+per+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+varietates+cvm+synonymia+et+historia+animalivm.+Classis+I.+Mammalia&amp;rft.place=Lipsiae&amp;rft.pages=520-521&amp;rft.pub=Weygandt&amp;rft.date=1777&amp;rft.aulast=Erxleben&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+C.+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiochristpolycerx00erxl%2Fpage%2F520&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-4">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMcKnight1923"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >McKnight, G. H. (1923).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/englishwordsthei00mckn/page/300"
+                                >"Words and Archaeology"</a
+                              >. <i>English Words and Their Background</i>. New
+                              York, London:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/D._Appleton_and_Company"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="D. Appleton and Company"
+                                >D. Appleton and Company</a
+                              >. pp.&#160;293–311.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Words+and+Archaeology&amp;rft.btitle=English+Words+and+Their+Background&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+London&amp;rft.pages=293-311&amp;rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Company&amp;rft.date=1923&amp;rft.aulast=McKnight&amp;rft.aufirst=G.+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishwordsthei00mckn%2Fpage%2F300&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-5">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFPictet1859"
+                              class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"
+                              >Pictet, A. (1859).
+                              <i
+                                >Les origines indo-européennes ou les Aryas
+                                primitifs&#160;: essai de paléontologie
+                                linguistique</i
+                              >
+                              (in French). Vol.&#160;1. Paris: Joël Cherbuliez.
+                              p.&#160;381.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+origines+indo-europ%C3%A9ennes+ou+les+Aryas+primitifs+%3A+essai+de+pal%C3%A9ontologie+linguistique&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pages=381&amp;rft.pub=Jo%C3%ABl+Cherbuliez&amp;rft.date=1859&amp;rft.aulast=Pictet&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-6">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKeller1909"
+                              class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"
+                              >Keller, O. (1909). <i>Die antike Tierwelt</i> (in
+                              German). Vol.&#160;Säugetiere. Leipzig:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Walther_von_Wartburg"
+                                title="Walther von Wartburg"
+                                >Walther von Wartburg</a
+                              >. p.&#160;75.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Die+antike+Tierwelt&amp;rft.place=Leipzig&amp;rft.pages=75&amp;rft.pub=Walther+von+Wartburg&amp;rft.date=1909&amp;rft.aulast=Keller&amp;rft.aufirst=O.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-7">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHuehnergard2008"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Huehnergard, J. (2008).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&amp;pg=PA407"
+                                >"Qitta: Arabic Cats"</a
+                              >. In Gruendler, B.; Cooperson, M. (eds.).
+                              <i
+                                >Classical Arabic Humanities in Their Own Terms:
+                                Festschrift for Wolfhart Heinrichs on his 65th
+                                Birthday</i
+                              >. Leiden, Boston:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Brill_(publisher)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Brill (publisher)"
+                                >Brill</a
+                              >. pp.&#160;407–418.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004165731"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9789004165731"
+                                ><bdi>9789004165731</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062414/https://books.google.com/books?id=n1_qqgNTsX8C&amp;pg=PA407"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 31 March 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">25 October</span>
+                                2020</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Qitta%3A+Arabic+Cats&amp;rft.btitle=Classical+Arabic+Humanities+in+Their+Own+Terms%3A+Festschrift+for+Wolfhart+Heinrichs+on+his+65th+Birthday&amp;rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&amp;rft.pages=407-418&amp;rft.pub=Brill&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=9789004165731&amp;rft.aulast=Huehnergard&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn1_qqgNTsX8C%26pg%3DPA407&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-8">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKroonen2013"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Kroonen, G. (2013).
+                              <i>Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic</i>.
+                              Leiden, Netherlands:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers"
+                                title="Brill Publishers"
+                                >Brill Publishers</a
+                              >. p.&#160;281f.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004183407"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9789004183407"
+                                ><bdi>9789004183407</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Proto-Germanic&amp;rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&amp;rft.pages=281f&amp;rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=9789004183407&amp;rft.aulast=Kroonen&amp;rft.aufirst=G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-9">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/155147#eid27609702"
+                                >"Puss"</a
+                              >. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press"
+                                title="Oxford University Press"
+                                >Oxford University Press</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/155147#eid27609702"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 3 September 2015<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=Puss&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F155147%23eid27609702&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Gramercy_Unabridged-10">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Gramercy_Unabridged_10-0"
+                                >^</a
+                              ></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >"puss".
+                              <i
+                                >Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of
+                                the English Language</i
+                              >. New York:
+                              <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House"
+                                >Gramercy (Random House)</a
+                              >. 1996. p.&#160;1571.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=puss&amp;rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Encyclopedic+Unabridged+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=1571&amp;rft.pub=Gramercy+%28Random+House%29&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-11">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><span
+                                class="id-lock-subscription"
+                                title="Paid subscription required"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/203100#eid18281825"
+                                  >"tom cat, tom-cat"</a
+                                ></span
+                              >. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford
+                              University Press<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=tom+cat%2C+tom-cat&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F203100%23eid18281825&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-12">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><span
+                                class="id-lock-subscription"
+                                title="Paid subscription required"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78103?rskey=Z7UU0G&amp;result=1&amp;isAdvanced=false#eid"
+                                  >"gib, n.2"</a
+                                ></span
+                              >. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918111545/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/78103?rskey=Z7UU0G&amp;result=1&amp;isAdvanced=false#eid"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 18 September 2018<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=gib%2C+n.2&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F78103%3Frskey%3DZ7UU0G%26result%3D1%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-13">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><span
+                                class="id-lock-subscription"
+                                title="Paid subscription required"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156212?rskey=c2khr1&amp;result=1&amp;isAdvanced=false#eid27437294"
+                                  >"queen cat"</a
+                                ></span
+                              >. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/156212?rskey=c2khr1&amp;result=1&amp;isAdvanced=false#eid27437294"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 3 September 2015<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=queen+cat&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F156212%3Frskey%3Dc2khr1%26result%3D1%26isAdvanced%3Dfalse%23eid27437294&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-14">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            >Some sources wrote that <i>queen</i> refers to
+                            unspayed cats that are in an
+                            <a href="/wiki/Estrous_cycle" title="Estrous cycle"
+                              >oestrus cycle</a
+                            >.
+                            <link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGrosskopf2022"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Grosskopf, Shane (23 June 2022).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://spotpet.com/blog/cat-tips/what-is-a-female-cat-called"
+                                >"What is a Female Cat Called? A Guide to the
+                                Fascinating Terms"</a
+                              >. <i>Spot Pet Insurance</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240411035905/https://spotpet.com/blog/cat-tips/what-is-a-female-cat-called"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 11 April 2024<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Spot+Pet+Insurance&amp;rft.atitle=What+is+a+Female+Cat+Called%3F+A+Guide+to+the+Fascinating+Terms&amp;rft.date=2022-06-23&amp;rft.aulast=Grosskopf&amp;rft.aufirst=Shane&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspotpet.com%2Fblog%2Fcat-tips%2Fwhat-is-a-female-cat-called&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span>
+                            <link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFScamporrino2018"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Scamporrino, Christina (12 December 2018).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat"
+                                >"Cat Parenting 101: Special Considerations for
+                                Your Female Cat"</a
+                              >. <i>PrettyLitter</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001160548/https://www.prettylitter.com/blog/cat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 1 October 2023<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PrettyLitter&amp;rft.atitle=Cat+Parenting+101%3A+Special+Considerations+for+Your+Female+Cat&amp;rft.date=2018-12-12&amp;rft.aulast=Scamporrino&amp;rft.aufirst=Christina&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prettylitter.com%2Fblog%2Fcat-parenting-101-special-considerations-for-your-female-cat&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-15">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216143959/https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/7-facts-about-female-cats"
+                                >"7 fascinating facts about female cats"</a
+                              >. <i>Cats Protection</i>. 8 March 2020. Archived
+                              from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/7-facts-about-female-cats"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 16 December 2023<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2024</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Cats+Protection&amp;rft.atitle=7+fascinating+facts+about+female+cats&amp;rft.date=2020-03-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cats.org.uk%2Fcats-blog%2F7-facts-about-female-cats&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-16">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><span
+                                class="id-lock-subscription"
+                                title="Paid subscription required"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28995?redirectedFrom=catling#eid"
+                                  >"catling"</a
+                                ></span
+                              >. <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903215025/http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/28995?redirectedFrom=catling#eid"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 3 September 2015<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=catling&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F28995%3FredirectedFrom%3Dcatling%23eid&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-17">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012112007/http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-do-you-call-a-group-of"
+                                >"What do you call a group of&#160;...?"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionaries_Online"
+                                  class="mw-redirect"
+                                  title="Oxford Dictionaries Online"
+                                  >Oxford Dictionaries Online</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. Oxford University Press. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/words/what-do-you-call-a-group-of"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 12 October 2012<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries+Online&amp;rft.atitle=What+do+you+call+a+group+of+...%3F&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fwords%2Fwhat-do-you-call-a-group-of&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-18">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/terms-we-use-cats"
+                                >"Terms we use for cats"</a
+                              >. <i>The Humane Society of the United States</i
+                              ><span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2024</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Humane+Society+of+the+United+States&amp;rft.atitle=Terms+we+use+for+cats&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanesociety.org%2Fresources%2Fterms-we-use-cats&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-19">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSatunin1904"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Satunin, C. (1904).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofzoo19042zool"
+                                >"The Black Wild Cat of Transcaucasia"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
+                                London</i
+                              >. <b>II</b>:
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofzoo19042zool/page/162"
+                                >162</a
+                              >–163.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Zoological+Society+of+London&amp;rft.atitle=The+Black+Wild+Cat+of+Transcaucasia&amp;rft.volume=II&amp;rft.pages=162-163&amp;rft.date=1904&amp;rft.aulast=Satunin&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fproceedingsofzoo19042zool&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-20">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBukhnikashviliYevlampiev"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Bukhnikashvili, A.; Yevlampiev, I. (eds.).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru/catalogue_english.pdf"
+                                ><i
+                                  >Catalogue of the Specimens of Caucasian Large
+                                  Mammalian Fauna in the Collection</i
+                                ></a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tbilisi:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Georgia"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="National Museum of Georgia"
+                                >National Museum of Georgia</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073023/http://caucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru/catalogue_english.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 4 March 2016<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">19 January</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+the+Specimens+of+Caucasian+Large+Mammalian+Fauna+in+the+Collection&amp;rft.place=Tbilisi&amp;rft.pub=National+Museum+of+Georgia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaucasian-large-mammalian.narod.ru%2Fcatalogue_english.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-ICZN-21">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICZN_21-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/bulletinofzoolog602003int/page/81"
+                                >"Opinion 2027"</a
+                              >. <i>Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature</i>.
+                              <b>60</b>.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Zoological_Nomenclature"
+                                title="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature"
+                                >International Commission on Zoological
+                                Nomenclature</a
+                              >: 81−82. 2003.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Zoological+Nomenclature&amp;rft.atitle=Opinion+2027&amp;rft.volume=60&amp;rft.pages=81%E2%88%9282&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbulletinofzoolog602003int%2Fpage%2F81&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-22">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGentryClutton-BrockGroves2004"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Gentry, A.; Clutton-Brock, J. &amp; Groves, C. P.
+                              (2004).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/129/1297897712.pdf"
+                                >"The naming of wild animal species and their
+                                domestic derivatives"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>.
+                              <b>31</b> (5): 645–651.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JArSc..31..645G"
+                                >2004JArSc..31..645G</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2003.10.006"
+                                >10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052316/http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/129/1297897712.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 4 March 2016<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">19 January</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&amp;rft.atitle=The+naming+of+wild+animal+species+and+their+domestic+derivatives&amp;rft.volume=31&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=645-651&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2003.10.006&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004JArSc..31..645G&amp;rft.aulast=Gentry&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft.au=Clutton-Brock%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Groves%2C+C.+P.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rhinoresourcecenter.com%2Fpdf_files%2F129%2F1297897712.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Driscoll-23">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_23-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFDriscollMacdonaldO&#39;Brien2009"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Driscoll, C. A.; Macdonald, D. W.; O'Brien, S. J.
+                              (2009).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702791"
+                                >"In the Light of Evolution III: Two Centuries
+                                of Darwin Sackler Colloquium: From Wild Animals
+                                to Domestic Pets – An Evolutionary View of
+                                Domestication"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
+                                of the United States of America</i
+                              >. <b>106</b> (S1): 9971–9978.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9971D"
+                                >2009PNAS..106.9971D</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0901586106"
+                                  >10.1073/pnas.0901586106</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2702791"
+                                  >2702791</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19528637"
+                                >19528637</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&amp;rft.atitle=In+the+Light+of+Evolution+III%3A+Two+Centuries+of+Darwin+Sackler+Colloquium%3A+From+Wild+Animals+to+Domestic+Pets+%E2%80%93+An+Evolutionary+View+of+Domestication&amp;rft.volume=106&amp;rft.issue=S1&amp;rft.pages=9971-9978&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2702791%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19528637&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0901586106&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PNAS..106.9971D&amp;rft.aulast=Driscoll&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+A.&amp;rft.au=Macdonald%2C+D.+W.&amp;rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+S.+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2702791&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-MSW3fs-24">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSW3fs_24-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFWozencraft2005"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                href="/wiki/W._Chris_Wozencraft"
+                                title="W. Chris Wozencraft"
+                                >Wozencraft, W. C.</a
+                              >
+                              (2005).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000057"
+                                >"Species <i>Felis silvestris</i>"</a
+                              >. In
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson"
+                                title="Don E. Wilson"
+                                >Wilson, D. E.</a
+                              >; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&amp;pg=PA536–537"
+                                ><i
+                                  >Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and
+                                  Geographic Reference</i
+                                ></a
+                              >
+                              (3rd&#160;ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
+                              pp.&#160;536–537.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"
+                                ><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="OCLC (identifier)"
+                                >OCLC</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494"
+                                >62265494</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Species+Felis+silvestris&amp;rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&amp;rft.pages=536-537&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&amp;rft.aulast=Wozencraft&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+C.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fbiology%2Fresources%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14000057&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-26">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKitchenerBreitenmoser-WürstenEizirikGentry2017"
+                              class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"
+                              >Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.;
+                              Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting,
+                              A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen,
+                              P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.;
+                              Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.;
+                              Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves,
+                              C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe,
+                              S. (2017).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y"
+                                >"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final
+                                report of the Cat Classification Task Force of
+                                the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Cat News</i>. Special Issue 11: 21.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200117172708/https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 17 January 2020<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">21 December</span>
+                                2018</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Cat+News&amp;rft.atitle=A+revised+taxonomy+of+the+Felidae%3A+The+final+report+of+the+Cat+Classification+Task+Force+of+the+IUCN+Cat+Specialist+Group&amp;rft.volume=Special+Issue+11&amp;rft.pages=21&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.aulast=Kitchener&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+C.&amp;rft.au=Breitenmoser-W%C3%BCrsten%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Eizirik%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Gentry%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Werdelin%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=Wilting%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=Abramov%2C+A.+V.&amp;rft.au=Christiansen%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Driscoll%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Duckworth%2C+J.+W.&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+W.&amp;rft.au=Luo%2C+S.-J.&amp;rft.au=Meijaard%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=O%27Donoghue%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Sanderson%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Seymour%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Bruford%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Groves%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Nowell%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Timmons%2C+Z.&amp;rft.au=Tobe%2C+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.si.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10088%2F32616%2FA_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Johnson_1997-27">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_1997_27-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFJohnsonO&#39;Brien1997"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (1997).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://zenodo.org/record/1232587"
+                                >"Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Felidae
+                                Using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 Mitochondrial
+                                Genes"</a
+                              >. <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>.
+                              <b>44</b> (S1): S98–S116.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JMolE..44S..98J"
+                                >1997JMolE..44S..98J</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FPL00000060"
+                                >10.1007/PL00000060</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9071018"
+                                >9071018</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40185850"
+                                >40185850</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004075723/https://zenodo.org/record/1232587"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 4 October 2020<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2018</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Evolution&amp;rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+Reconstruction+of+the+Felidae+Using+16S+rRNA+and+NADH-5+Mitochondrial+Genes&amp;rft.volume=44&amp;rft.issue=S1&amp;rft.pages=S98-S116&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FPL00000060&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40185850%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9071018&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997JMolE..44S..98J&amp;rft.aulast=Johnson&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+E.&amp;rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+S.+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1232587&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Johnson2006-28">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2006_28-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2006_28-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson2006_28-2"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>c</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFJohnsonEizirikPecon-SlatteryMurphy2006"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.;
+                              Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien,
+                              S. J. (2006).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://zenodo.org/record/1230866"
+                                >"The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae:
+                                A genetic assessment"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Science_(journal)"
+                                  title="Science (journal)"
+                                  >Science</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. <b>311</b> (5757): 73–77.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Sci...311...73J"
+                                >2006Sci...311...73J</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1122277"
+                                >10.1126/science.1122277</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400146"
+                                >16400146</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41672825"
+                                >41672825</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004075725/https://zenodo.org/record/1230866"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 4 October 2020<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2018</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=The+late+Miocene+radiation+of+modern+Felidae%3A+A+genetic+assessment&amp;rft.volume=311&amp;rft.issue=5757&amp;rft.pages=73-77&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1122277&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41672825%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16400146&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Sci...311...73J&amp;rft.aulast=Johnson&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+E.&amp;rft.au=Eizirik%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Pecon-Slattery%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Murphy%2C+W.+J.&amp;rft.au=Antunes%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Teeling%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+S.+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1230866&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Li_al2016-29">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Li_al2016_29-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Li_al2016_29-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLi,_G.Davis,_B._W.Eizirik,_E.Murphy,_W._J.2016"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E. &amp; Murphy,
+                              W. J. (2016).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691742"
+                                >"Phylogenomic evidence for ancient
+                                hybridization in the genomes of living cats
+                                (Felidae)"</a
+                              >. <i>Genome Research</i>. <b>26</b> (1): 1–11.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.186668.114"
+                                >10.1101/gr.186668.114</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691742"
+                                  >4691742</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26518481"
+                                >26518481</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genome+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Phylogenomic+evidence+for+ancient+hybridization+in+the+genomes+of+living+cats+%28Felidae%29&amp;rft.volume=26&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=1-11&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4691742%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26518481&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgr.186668.114&amp;rft.au=Li%2C+G.&amp;rft.au=Davis%2C+B.+W.&amp;rft.au=Eizirik%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Murphy%2C+W.+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4691742&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Mattern-30">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Mattern_30-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Mattern_30-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMatternMcLennan2000"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Mattern, M.Y.; McLennan, D.A. (2000).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x"
+                                >"Phylogeny and speciation of Felids"</a
+                              >. <i>Cladistics</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 232–253.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x"
+                                  >10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34902955"
+                                >34902955</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85043293"
+                                >85043293</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Cladistics&amp;rft.atitle=Phylogeny+and+speciation+of+Felids&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=232-253&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85043293%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34902955&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x&amp;rft.aulast=Mattern&amp;rft.aufirst=M.Y.&amp;rft.au=McLennan%2C+D.A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Nie_2002-31">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Nie_2002_31-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFNieWangO&#39;Brien2002"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Nie, W.; Wang, J.; O'Brien, P. C. (2002). "The
+                              genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and
+                              five Mustelid species revealed by comparative
+                              chromosome painting and G-banding".
+                              <i>Chromosome Research</i>. <b>10</b> (3):
+                              209–222.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1015292005631"
+                                >10.1023/A:1015292005631</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12067210"
+                                >12067210</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9660694"
+                                >9660694</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Chromosome+Research&amp;rft.atitle=The+genome+phylogeny+of+domestic+cat%2C+red+panda+and+five+Mustelid+species+revealed+by+comparative+chromosome+painting+and+G-banding&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=209-222&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9660694%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12067210&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1015292005631&amp;rft.aulast=Nie&amp;rft.aufirst=W.&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+P.+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Pontius2007-32">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Pontius2007_32-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFPontiusMullikinSmithAgencourt_Sequencing_Team2007"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Pontius, J. U.; Mullikin, J. C.; Smith, D. R.;
+                              Agencourt Sequencing Team; et&#160;al. (NISC
+                              Comparative Sequencing Program) (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045150"
+                                >"Initial sequence and comparative analysis of
+                                the cat genome"</a
+                              >. <i>Genome Research</i>. <b>17</b> (11):
+                              1675–1689.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.6380007"
+                                >10.1101/gr.6380007</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2045150"
+                                  >2045150</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17975172"
+                                >17975172</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genome+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Initial+sequence+and+comparative+analysis+of+the+cat+genome&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.pages=1675-1689&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2045150%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17975172&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgr.6380007&amp;rft.aulast=Pontius&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+U.&amp;rft.au=Mullikin%2C+J.+C.&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+D.+R.&amp;rft.au=Agencourt+Sequencing+Team&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2045150&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007-33">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007_33-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007_33-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFDriscollMenotti-RaymondRoca_&#39;Hupe2007"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Driscoll, C. A.; Menotti-Raymond, M.; Roca ', A.
+                              L.; Hupe, K.; Johnson, W. E.; Geffen, E.; Harley,
+                              E. H.; Delibes, M.; Pontier, D.; Kitchener, A. C.;
+                              Yamaguchi, N.; O'Brien, S. J.; Macdonald, D. W.
+                              (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5612713"
+                                >"The Near Eastern Origin of Cat
+                                Domestication"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Science_(journal)"
+                                  title="Science (journal)"
+                                  >Science</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. <b>317</b> (5837): 519–523.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Sci...317..519D"
+                                >2007Sci...317..519D</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1139518"
+                                >10.1126/science.1139518</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="OCLC (identifier)"
+                                >OCLC</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/808298830"
+                                >808298830</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5612713"
+                                  >5612713</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17600185"
+                                >17600185</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=The+Near+Eastern+Origin+of+Cat+Domestication&amp;rft.volume=317&amp;rft.issue=5837&amp;rft.pages=519-523&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5612713%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Sci...317..519D&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F808298830&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17600185&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1139518&amp;rft.aulast=Driscoll&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+A.&amp;rft.au=Menotti-Raymond%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Roca+%27%2C+A.+L.&amp;rft.au=Hupe%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+W.+E.&amp;rft.au=Geffen%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Harley%2C+E.+H.&amp;rft.au=Delibes%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Pontier%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Kitchener%2C+A.+C.&amp;rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+S.+J.&amp;rft.au=Macdonald%2C+D.+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5612713&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-34">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLangtonLangton1940"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Langton, N.; Langton, M. B. (1940).
+                              <i
+                                >The Cat in ancient Egypt, illustrated from the
+                                collection of cat and other Egyptian figures
+                                formed</i
+                              >. Cambridge University Press.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cat+in+ancient+Egypt%2C+illustrated+from+the+collection+of+cat+and+other+Egyptian+figures+formed&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1940&amp;rft.aulast=Langton&amp;rft.aufirst=N.&amp;rft.au=Langton%2C+M.+B.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-35">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMalek1997"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Malek, J. (1997).
+                              <i>The Cat in Ancient Egypt</i>
+                              (Revised&#160;ed.). Philadelphia:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press"
+                                title="University of Pennsylvania Press"
+                                >University of Pennsylvania Press</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cat+in+Ancient+Egypt&amp;rft.place=Philadelphia&amp;rft.edition=Revised&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=Malek&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Vigne_al2004-36">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Vigne_al2004_36-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFVigneGuilaineDebueHaye2004"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Vigne, J. D.; Guilaine, J.; Debue, K.; Haye, L.;
+                              Gérard, P. (2004). "Early taming of the cat in
+                              Cyprus".
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Science_(journal)"
+                                  title="Science (journal)"
+                                  >Science</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. <b>304</b> (5668): 259.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1095335"
+                                >10.1126/science.1095335</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15073370"
+                                >15073370</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28294367"
+                                >28294367</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=Early+taming+of+the+cat+in+Cyprus&amp;rft.volume=304&amp;rft.issue=5668&amp;rft.pages=259&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28294367%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15073370&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1095335&amp;rft.aulast=Vigne&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+D.&amp;rft.au=Guilaine%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Debue%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Haye%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=G%C3%A9rard%2C+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Driscoll_al2009-37">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Driscoll_al2009_37-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                            /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFDriscollClutton-BrockKitchenerO&#39;Brien2009"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Driscoll, C. A.; Clutton-Brock, J.; Kitchener, A.
+                              C.; O'Brien, S. J. (2009).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790555"
+                                >"The taming of the cat"</a
+                              >. <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>300</b> (6):
+                              68–75.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SciAm.300f..68D"
+                                >2009SciAm.300f..68D</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0609-68"
+                                >10.1038/scientificamerican0609-68</a
+                              >
+                              (inactive 1 November 2024).
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="JSTOR (identifier)"
+                                >JSTOR</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26001382"
+                                >26001382</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790555"
+                                  >5790555</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19485091"
+                                >19485091</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&amp;rft.atitle=The+taming+of+the+cat&amp;rft.volume=300&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=68-75&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5790555%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26001382%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009SciAm.300f..68D&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19485091&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0609-68&amp;rft.aulast=Driscoll&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+A.&amp;rft.au=Clutton-Brock%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Kitchener%2C+A.+C.&amp;rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+S.+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5790555&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                            ><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"
+                              ><code class="cs1-code"
+                                >{{<a
+                                  href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal"
+                                  title="Template:Cite journal"
+                                  >cite journal</a
+                                >}}</code
+                              >: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a
+                                href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024"
+                                title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024"
+                                >link</a
+                              >)</span
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-OttoniVan_Neer2017-38">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-OttoniVan_Neer2017_38-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-OttoniVan_Neer2017_38-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFOttonivan_Neerde_CupereDaligault2017"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Ottoni, C.; van&#160;Neer, W.; de&#160;Cupere,
+                              B.; Daligault, J.; Guimaraes, S.; Peters, J.;
+                              Spassov, N.; Prendergast, M. E.; Boivin, N.;
+                              Morales-Muñiz, A.; Bălăşescu, A.; Becker, C.;
+                              Benecke, N.; Boroneant, A.; Buitenhuis, H.;
+                              Chahoud, J.; Crowther, A.; Llorente, L.;
+                              Manaseryan, N.; Monchot, H.; Onar, V.; Osypińska,
+                              M.; Putelat, O.; Quintana Morales, E.M.; Studer,
+                              J.; Wierer, U.; Decorte, R.; Grange, T.; Geigl, E.
+                              (2017).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/the-paleogenetics-of-cat-dispersal-in-the-ancient-world(04942e78-fa48-4700-ad97-29fcdf9077a1).html"
+                                >"The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the
+                                ancient world"</a
+                              >. <i>Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution</i>.
+                              <b>1</b> (7): 0139.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatEE...1..139O"
+                                >2017NatEE...1..139O</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41559-017-0139"
+                                >10.1038/s41559-017-0139</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44041769"
+                                >44041769</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214831/https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/the-paleogenetics-of-cat-dispersal-in-the-ancient-world"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 7 March 2022<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">18 October</span>
+                                2021</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Ecology+%26+Evolution&amp;rft.atitle=The+palaeogenetics+of+cat+dispersal+in+the+ancient+world&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.pages=0139&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A44041769%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41559-017-0139&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatEE...1..139O&amp;rft.aulast=Ottoni&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft.au=van+Neer%2C+W.&amp;rft.au=de+Cupere%2C+B.&amp;rft.au=Daligault%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Guimaraes%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Peters%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Spassov%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=Prendergast%2C+M.+E.&amp;rft.au=Boivin%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=Morales-Mu%C3%B1iz%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=B%C4%83l%C4%83%C5%9Fescu%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Becker%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Benecke%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=Boroneant%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Buitenhuis%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Chahoud%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Crowther%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Llorente%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=Manaseryan%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=Monchot%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Onar%2C+V.&amp;rft.au=Osypi%C5%84ska%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Putelat%2C+O.&amp;rft.au=Quintana+Morales%2C+E.M.&amp;rft.au=Studer%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Wierer%2C+U.&amp;rft.au=Decorte%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Grange%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Geigl%2C+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.rug.nl%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fthe-paleogenetics-of-cat-dispersal-in-the-ancient-world%2804942e78-fa48-4700-ad97-29fcdf9077a1%29.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Faure2009-39">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Faure2009_39-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Faure2009_39-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFFaureKitchener2009"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Faure, E.; Kitchener, A. C. (2009). "An
+                              archaeological and historical review of the
+                              relationships between Felids and people".
+                              <i>Anthrozoös</i>. <b>22</b> (3): 221−238.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175303709X457577"
+                                >10.2752/175303709X457577</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84308532"
+                                >84308532</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Anthrozo%C3%B6s&amp;rft.atitle=An+archaeological+and+historical+review+of+the+relationships+between+Felids+and+people&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=221%E2%88%92238&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F175303709X457577&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84308532%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Faure&amp;rft.aufirst=E.&amp;rft.au=Kitchener%2C+A.+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-40">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFRagniPossentiSforziZavalloni1994"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Ragni, B.; Possenti, M.; Sforzi, A.; Zavalloni,
+                              D.; Ciani, F. (1994).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt1dz6x5xf/qt1dz6x5xf.pdf"
+                                >"The wildcat in central-northern Italian
+                                peninsula: a biogeographical dilemma"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Biogeographia</i>. <b>17</b> (1).
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.21426%2FB617110417"
+                                  >10.21426/B617110417</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726121432/https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt1dz6x5xf/qt1dz6x5xf.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 26 July 2018<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Biogeographia&amp;rft.atitle=The+wildcat+in+central-northern+Italian+peninsula%3A+a+biogeographical+dilemma&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21426%2FB617110417&amp;rft.aulast=Ragni&amp;rft.aufirst=B.&amp;rft.au=Possenti%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Sforzi%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Zavalloni%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Ciani%2C+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.escholarship.org%2Fdist%2Fprd%2Fcontent%2Fqt1dz6x5xf%2Fqt1dz6x5xf.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Vigne1992-41">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Vigne1992_41-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFVigne1992"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Vigne, J.-D. (1992). "Zooarchaeology and the
+                              biogeographical history of the mammals of Corsica
+                              and Sardinia since the last ice age".
+                              <i>Mammal Review</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 87–96.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Mammal+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Zooarchaeology+and+the+biogeographical+history+of+the+mammals+of+Corsica+and+Sardinia+since+the+last+ice+age&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=87-96&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x&amp;rft.aulast=Vigne&amp;rft.aufirst=J.-D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-42">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFVigneEvinCucchiDai2016"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Vigne, J.-D.; Evin, A.; Cucchi, T.; Dai, L.; Yu,
+                              C.; Hu, S.; Soulages, N.; Wang, W.; Sun, Z.
+                              (2016).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4723238"
+                                >"Earliest 'domestic' cats in China identified
+                                as leopard cat (<i>Prionailurus bengalensis</i
+                                >)"</a
+                              >. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>11</b> (1): e0147295.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PLoSO..1147295V"
+                                >2016PLoSO..1147295V</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0147295"
+                                  >10.1371/journal.pone.0147295</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4723238"
+                                  >4723238</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26799955"
+                                >26799955</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&amp;rft.atitle=Earliest+%27domestic%27+cats+in+China+identified+as+leopard+cat+%28Prionailurus+bengalensis%29&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=e0147295&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4723238%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26799955&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0147295&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016PLoSO..1147295V&amp;rft.aulast=Vigne&amp;rft.aufirst=J.-D.&amp;rft.au=Evin%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Cucchi%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Dai%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=Yu%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Hu%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Soulages%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+W.&amp;rft.au=Sun%2C+Z.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4723238&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-CameronBeaumont-43">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-CameronBeaumont_43-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFCameron-BeaumontLoweBradshaw2002"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Cameron-Beaumont, C.; Lowe, S. E.; Bradshaw, J.
+                              W. S. (2002).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/2002-cameronbeaumont.pdf"
+                                >"Evidence suggesting pre-adaptation to
+                                domestication throughout the small Felidae"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>.
+                              <b>75</b> (3): 361–366.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1095-8312.2002.00028.x"
+                                  >10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00028.x</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191010072239/https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/2002-cameronbeaumont.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 10 October 2019<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">10 October</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Biological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Evidence+suggesting+pre-adaptation+to+domestication+throughout+the+small+Felidae&amp;rft.volume=75&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=361-366&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1095-8312.2002.00028.x&amp;rft.aulast=Cameron-Beaumont&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft.au=Lowe%2C+S.+E.&amp;rft.au=Bradshaw%2C+J.+W.+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwern.net%2Fdocs%2Fcatnip%2F2002-cameronbeaumont.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Bradshaw1999-44">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw1999_44-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBradshawHorsfieldAllenRobinson1999"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Bradshaw, J. W. S.; Horsfield, G. F.; Allen, J.
+                              A.; Robinson, I. H. (1999).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130202509/https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1999-bradshaw.pdf"
+                                >"Feral cats: Their role in the population
+                                dynamics of <i>Felis catus</i>"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>.
+                              <b>65</b> (3): 273–283.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2899%2900086-6"
+                                >10.1016/S0168-1591(99)00086-6</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1999-bradshaw.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30
+                              January 2019.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Feral+cats%3A+Their+role+in+the+population+dynamics+of+Felis+catus&amp;rft.volume=65&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=273-283&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2899%2900086-6&amp;rft.aulast=Bradshaw&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+W.+S.&amp;rft.au=Horsfield%2C+G.+F.&amp;rft.au=Allen%2C+J.+A.&amp;rft.au=Robinson%2C+I.+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwern.net%2Fdocs%2Fcatnip%2F1999-bradshaw.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Oliveira-45">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_45-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Oliveira_45-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFOliveiraGodinhoRandiAlves2008"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Oliveira, R.; Godinho, R.; Randi, E.; Alves, P.
+                              C. (2008).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2606743"
+                                >"Hybridization Versus Conservation: Are
+                                Domestic Cats Threatening the Genetic Integrity
+                                of Wildcats (<i>Felis silvestris silvestris</i>)
+                                in Iberian Peninsula?"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
+                                of London. Series B, Biological Sciences</i
+                              >. <b>363</b> (1505): 2953–2961.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2008.0052"
+                                >10.1098/rstb.2008.0052</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2606743"
+                                  >2606743</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18522917"
+                                >18522917</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London.+Series+B%2C+Biological+Sciences&amp;rft.atitle=Hybridization+Versus+Conservation%3A+Are+Domestic+Cats+Threatening+the+Genetic+Integrity+of+Wildcats+%28Felis+silvestris+silvestris%29+in+Iberian+Peninsula%3F&amp;rft.volume=363&amp;rft.issue=1505&amp;rft.pages=2953-2961&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2606743%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18522917&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.2008.0052&amp;rft.aulast=Oliveira&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft.au=Godinho%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Randi%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Alves%2C+P.+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2606743&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-46">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKitchenerEasterbee1992"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Kitchener, C.; Easterbee, N. (1992). "The
+                              taxonomic status of black wild felids in
+                              Scotland". <i>Journal of Zoology</i>.
+                              <b>227</b> (2): 342–346.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1992.tb04832.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04832.x</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoology&amp;rft.atitle=The+taxonomic+status+of+black+wild+felids+in+Scotland&amp;rft.volume=227&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=342-346&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1992.tb04832.x&amp;rft.aulast=Kitchener&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft.au=Easterbee%2C+N.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-47">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFWastlhuber1991"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Wastlhuber, J. (1991). "History of domestic cats
+                              and cat breeds". In Pedersen, N. C. (ed.).
+                              <i
+                                >Feline Husbandry: Diseases and management in
+                                the multiple-cat environment</i
+                              >. Goleta: American Veterinary Publications.
+                              pp.&#160;1–59.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780939674299"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780939674299"
+                                ><bdi>9780939674299</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=History+of+domestic+cats+and+cat+breeds&amp;rft.btitle=Feline+Husbandry%3A+Diseases+and+management+in+the+multiple-cat+environment&amp;rft.place=Goleta&amp;rft.pages=1-59&amp;rft.pub=American+Veterinary+Publications&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=9780939674299&amp;rft.aulast=Wastlhuber&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-48">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMontagueLiGandolfiKhan2014"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Montague, M. J.; Li, G.; Gandolfi, B.; Khan, R.;
+                              Aken, B. L.; Searle, S. M.; Minx, P.; Hillier, L.
+                              W.; Koboldt, D. C.; Davis, B. W.; Driscoll, C. A.
+                              (2014).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4260561"
+                                >"Comparative analysis of the domestic cat
+                                genome reveals genetic signatures underlying
+                                feline biology and domestication"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Proceedings of the National Academy of
+                                Sciences</i
+                              >. <b>111</b> (48): 17230–17235.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PNAS..11117230M"
+                                >2014PNAS..11117230M</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1410083111"
+                                  >10.1073/pnas.1410083111</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4260561"
+                                  >4260561</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25385592"
+                                >25385592</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&amp;rft.atitle=Comparative+analysis+of+the+domestic+cat+genome+reveals+genetic+signatures+underlying+feline+biology+and+domestication&amp;rft.volume=111&amp;rft.issue=48&amp;rft.pages=17230-17235&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4260561%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25385592&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1410083111&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014PNAS..11117230M&amp;rft.aulast=Montague&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+J.&amp;rft.au=Li%2C+G.&amp;rft.au=Gandolfi%2C+B.&amp;rft.au=Khan%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Aken%2C+B.+L.&amp;rft.au=Searle%2C+S.+M.&amp;rft.au=Minx%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Hillier%2C+L.+W.&amp;rft.au=Koboldt%2C+D.+C.&amp;rft.au=Davis%2C+B.+W.&amp;rft.au=Driscoll%2C+C.+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4260561&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Lipinski-49">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Lipinski_49-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Lipinski_49-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLipinskiFroenickeBaysacBillings2008"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Lipinski, M.J.; Froenicke, L.; Baysac, K. C.;
+                              Billings, N. C.; Leutenegger, C. M.; Levy, A. M.;
+                              Longeri, M.; Niini, T.; Ozpinar, H.; Slater, M.R.;
+                              Pedersen, N. C.; Lyons, L. A. (2008).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267438"
+                                >"The ascent of cat breeds: Genetic evaluations
+                                of breeds and worldwide random-bred
+                                populations"</a
+                              >. <i>Genomics</i>. <b>91</b> (1): 12–21.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2007.10.009"
+                                >10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.009</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2267438"
+                                  >2267438</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18060738"
+                                >18060738</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genomics&amp;rft.atitle=The+ascent+of+cat+breeds%3A+Genetic+evaluations+of+breeds+and+worldwide+random-bred+populations&amp;rft.volume=91&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=12-21&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2267438%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18060738&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2007.10.009&amp;rft.aulast=Lipinski&amp;rft.aufirst=M.J.&amp;rft.au=Froenicke%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=Baysac%2C+K.+C.&amp;rft.au=Billings%2C+N.+C.&amp;rft.au=Leutenegger%2C+C.+M.&amp;rft.au=Levy%2C+A.+M.&amp;rft.au=Longeri%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Niini%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Ozpinar%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Slater%2C+M.R.&amp;rft.au=Pedersen%2C+N.+C.&amp;rft.au=Lyons%2C+L.+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2267438&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-OConnor-50">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-OConnor_50-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFO&#39;Connor2007"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >O'Connor, T. P. (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3700/1/OConnor_Cats-IJOA-submitted.pdf"
+                                >"Wild or domestic? Biometric variation in the
+                                cat <i>Felis silvestris</i>"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>International Journal of Osteoarchaeology</i>.
+                              <b>17</b> (6): 581–595.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Foa.913"
+                                >10.1002/oa.913</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010849/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3700/1/OConnor_Cats-IJOA-submitted.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 21 January 2019<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">20 January</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Osteoarchaeology&amp;rft.atitle=Wild+or+domestic%3F+Biometric+variation+in+the+cat+Felis+silvestris&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=581-595&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Foa.913&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Connor&amp;rft.aufirst=T.+P.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.whiterose.ac.uk%2F3700%2F1%2FOConnor_Cats-IJOA-submitted.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-WCoW-51">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-WCoW_51-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSunquistSunquist2002"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Sunquist, M.; Sunquist, F. (2002).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&amp;pg=PA99"
+                                >"Domestic cat"</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/wildcatsofworld00sunq/page/99"
+                                ><i>Wild Cats of the World</i></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press"
+                                title="University of Chicago Press"
+                                >University of Chicago Press</a
+                              >. pp.&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/wildcatsofworld00sunq/page/99"
+                                >99–112</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226779997"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780226779997"
+                                ><bdi>9780226779997</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Domestic+cat&amp;rft.btitle=Wild+Cats+of+the+World&amp;rft.pages=99-112&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=9780226779997&amp;rft.aulast=Sunquist&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.au=Sunquist%2C+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFbJWMh9-OAC%26pg%3DPA99&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Walker-52">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_52-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_52-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFWalker1982"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Walker, W.F. (1982).
+                              <i
+                                >Study of the Cat with Reference to Human
+                                Beings</i
+                              >
+                              (4th revised&#160;ed.).
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Cengage"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Cengage"
+                                >Thomson Learning/Cengage</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780030579141"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780030579141"
+                                ><bdi>9780030579141</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Study+of+the+Cat+with+Reference+to+Human+Beings&amp;rft.edition=4th+revised&amp;rft.pub=Thomson+Learning%2FCengage&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.isbn=9780030579141&amp;rft.aulast=Walker&amp;rft.aufirst=W.F.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Gillis_2002-53">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Gillis_2002_53-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGillis2002"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Gillis, R., ed. (2002).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206105542/http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm"
+                                >"Cat Skeleton"</a
+                              >. <i>Zoolab</i>. La Crosse:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="University of Wisconsin"
+                                >University of Wisconsin</a
+                              >
+                              Press. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/zoolab/Table_of_Contents/Lab-9b/Cat_Skeleton_1/cat_skeleton_1.htm"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 6 December 2006<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">7 September</span>
+                                2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Zoolab&amp;rft.atitle=Cat+Skeleton&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioweb.uwlax.edu%2Fzoolab%2FTable_of_Contents%2FLab-9b%2FCat_Skeleton_1%2Fcat_skeleton_1.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Case-54">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Case_54-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Case_54-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Case_54-2"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>c</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Case_54-3"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>d</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFCase2003"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Case, Linda P. (2003).
+                              <i>The Cat: Its behavior, nutrition, and health</i
+                              >. Ames:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University"
+                                title="Iowa State University"
+                                >Iowa State University</a
+                              >
+                              Press.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813803319"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780813803319"
+                                ><bdi>9780813803319</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cat%3A+Its+behavior%2C+nutrition%2C+and+health&amp;rft.place=Ames&amp;rft.pub=Iowa+State+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=9780813803319&amp;rft.aulast=Case&amp;rft.aufirst=Linda+P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Smith1992-55">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Smith1992_55-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Smith1992_55-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSmithTchernov1992"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Smith, Patricia; Tchernov, Eitan (1992).
+                              <i>Structure, Function, and Evolution of Teeth</i
+                              >. Freund Publishing House. p.&#160;217.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789652222701"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9789652222701"
+                                ><bdi>9789652222701</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Structure%2C+Function%2C+and+Evolution+of+Teeth&amp;rft.pages=217&amp;rft.pub=Freund+Publishing+House&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.isbn=9789652222701&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Patricia&amp;rft.au=Tchernov%2C+Eitan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Carr1978-56">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Carr1978_56-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFCarr1978"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Carr, William H. A. (1 January 1978).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/newbasicbookofca00carr/page/174"
+                                ><i>The New Basic Book of the Cat</i></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Scribner%27s"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Scribner&#39;s"
+                                >Scribner's</a
+                              >. p.&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/newbasicbookofca00carr/page/174"
+                                >174</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684155494"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780684155494"
+                                ><bdi>9780684155494</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+Basic+Book+of+the+Cat&amp;rft.pages=174&amp;rft.pub=Scribner%27s&amp;rft.date=1978-01-01&amp;rft.isbn=9780684155494&amp;rft.aulast=Carr&amp;rft.aufirst=William+H.+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewbasicbookofca00carr%2Fpage%2F174&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Kitchener2010-57">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Kitchener2010_57-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKitchenerVan_ValkenburghYamaguchi2010"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Kitchener, A. C.; Van Valkenburgh, B.; Yamaguchi,
+                              N. (2010).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266753114"
+                                >"Felid form and function"</a
+                              >. In Macdonald, D.; Loveridge, A. (eds.).
+                              <i>Biology and Conservation of wild felids</i>.
+                              Oxford University Press. pp.&#160;83–106.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210216135340/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266753114_Felid_form_and_function"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 16 February 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">10 October</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Felid+form+and+function&amp;rft.btitle=Biology+and+Conservation+of+wild+felids&amp;rft.pages=83-106&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.aulast=Kitchener&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+C.&amp;rft.au=Van+Valkenburgh%2C+B.&amp;rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+N.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F266753114&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Armes_1900-58">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Armes_1900_58-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFArmes1900"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Armes, A.F. (1900).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ"
+                                >"Outline of cat lessons"</a
+                              >. <i>The School Journal</i>. <b>LXI</b>: 659.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806133121/https://books.google.com/books?id=-_gBAAAAYAAJ"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 6 August 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2020</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+School+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Outline+of+cat+lessons&amp;rft.volume=LXI&amp;rft.pages=659&amp;rft.date=1900&amp;rft.aulast=Armes&amp;rft.aufirst=A.F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_gBAAAAYAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-pmid19422432-59">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19422432_59-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHombergerHamOgunbakinBonin2009"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Homberger, D. G.; Ham, K.; Ogunbakin, T.; Bonin,
+                              J. A.; Hopkins, B. A.; Osborn, M. L.; et&#160;al.
+                              (2009).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736126"
+                                >"The structure of the cornified claw sheath in
+                                the domesticated cat (<i>Felis catus</i>):
+                                Implications for the claw-shedding mechanism and
+                                the evolution of cornified digital end
+                                organs"</a
+                              >. <i>J Anat</i>. <b>214</b> (4): 620–43.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2009.01068.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01068.x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736126"
+                                  >2736126</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19422432"
+                                >19422432</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=J+Anat&amp;rft.atitle=The+structure+of+the+cornified+claw+sheath+in+the+domesticated+cat+%28Felis+catus%29%3A+Implications+for+the+claw-shedding+mechanism+and+the+evolution+of+cornified+digital+end+organs&amp;rft.volume=214&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=620-43&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2736126%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19422432&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2009.01068.x&amp;rft.aulast=Homberger&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+G.&amp;rft.au=Ham%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Ogunbakin%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Bonin%2C+J.+A.&amp;rft.au=Hopkins%2C+B.+A.&amp;rft.au=Osborn%2C+M.+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2736126&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Danforth1947-60">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Danforth1947_60-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFDanforth1947"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Danforth, C. H. (1947). "Heredity of polydactyly
+                              in the cat". <i>The Journal of Heredity</i>.
+                              <b>38</b> (4): 107–112.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.jhered.a105701"
+                                >10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a105701</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20242531"
+                                >20242531</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Heredity&amp;rft.atitle=Heredity+of+polydactyly+in+the+cat&amp;rft.volume=38&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=107-112&amp;rft.date=1947&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.jhered.a105701&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20242531&amp;rft.aulast=Danforth&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Lettice_2008-61">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Lettice_2008_61-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLetticeHillDevenneyHill2008"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Lettice, L. A.; Hill, A. E.; Devenney, P. S.;
+                              Hill, R. E. (2008).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddm370"
+                                >"Point mutations in a distant sonic hedgehog
+                                cis-regulator generate a variable regulatory
+                                output responsible for preaxial polydactyly"</a
+                              >. <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. <b>17</b> (7):
+                              978–985.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddm370"
+                                  >10.1093/hmg/ddm370</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Hdl (identifier)"
+                                >hdl</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820%2F76c18e1b-ba87-49c6-9da7-c837187646a5"
+                                  >20.500.11820/76c18e1b-ba87-49c6-9da7-c837187646a5</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18156157"
+                                >18156157</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+Molecular+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Point+mutations+in+a+distant+sonic+hedgehog+cis-regulator+generate+a+variable+regulatory+output+responsible+for+preaxial+polydactyly&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.pages=978-985&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.11820%2F76c18e1b-ba87-49c6-9da7-c837187646a5&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18156157&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddm370&amp;rft.aulast=Lettice&amp;rft.aufirst=L.+A.&amp;rft.au=Hill%2C+A.+E.&amp;rft.au=Devenney%2C+P.+S.&amp;rft.au=Hill%2C+R.+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fhmg%252Fddm370&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Pocock1917-62">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Pocock1917_62-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFPocock1917"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Pocock, R. I. (1917).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/ser8annalsmagazi19londuoft"
+                                >"VII — On the external characters of the
+                                Felidæ"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >The Annals and Magazine of Natural History;
+                                Zoology, Botany, and Geology</i
+                              >. 8. <b>19</b> (109):
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/ser8annalsmagazi19londuoft/page/113"
+                                >113–136</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00222931709486916"
+                                >10.1080/00222931709486916</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Annals+and+Magazine+of+Natural+History%3B+Zoology%2C+Botany%2C+and+Geology&amp;rft.atitle=VII+%E2%80%94+On+the+external+characters+of+the+Felid%C3%A6&amp;rft.volume=19&amp;rft.issue=109&amp;rft.pages=113-136&amp;rft.date=1917&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00222931709486916&amp;rft.aulast=Pocock&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+I.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fser8annalsmagazi19londuoft&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Christensen_2004-63">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Christensen_2004_63-0"
+                                >^</a
+                              ></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFChristensen2004"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Christensen, W. (2004).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WmuQQXU6EtAC&amp;pg=PA27"
+                                >"The physical cat"</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/outwittingcatsti0000chri/page/22"
+                                ><i>Outwitting Cats</i></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Globe_Pequot"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Globe Pequot"
+                                >Globe Pequot</a
+                              >. pp.&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/outwittingcatsti0000chri/page/22"
+                                >22–45</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781592282401"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781592282401"
+                                ><bdi>9781592282401</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+physical+cat&amp;rft.btitle=Outwitting+Cats&amp;rft.pages=22-45&amp;rft.pub=Globe+Pequot&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9781592282401&amp;rft.aulast=Christensen&amp;rft.aufirst=W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWmuQQXU6EtAC%26pg%3DPA27&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Kent_et_al._2010-64">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Kent_et_al._2010_64-0"
+                                >^</a
+                              ></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKentPlatt2010"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Kent, Marc; Platt, Simon R. (September 2010).
+                              "The neurology of balance: Function and
+                              dysfunction of the vestibular system in dogs and
+                              cats". <i>The Veterinary Journal</i>.
+                              <b>185</b> (3): 247–249.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2009.10.029"
+                                >10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.029</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19944632"
+                                >19944632</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=The+neurology+of+balance%3A+Function+and+dysfunction+of+the+vestibular+system+in+dogs+and+cats&amp;rft.volume=185&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=247-249&amp;rft.date=2010-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2009.10.029&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19944632&amp;rft.aulast=Kent&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft.au=Platt%2C+Simon+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-65">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGerathewohlStallings1957"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Gerathewohl, S. J.; Stallings, H. D. (1957).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://spacemedicineassociation.org/download/history/history_files_1957/28040345-1.pdf"
+                                >"The labyrinthine posture reflex (righting
+                                reflex) in the cat during weightlessness"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>The Journal of Aviation Medicine</i>.
+                              <b>28</b> (4): 345–355.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13462942"
+                                >13462942</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003155151/https://spacemedicineassociation.org/download/history/history_files_1957/28040345-1.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 3 October 2020<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Aviation+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=The+labyrinthine+posture+reflex+%28righting+reflex%29+in+the+cat+during+weightlessness&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=345-355&amp;rft.date=1957&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13462942&amp;rft.aulast=Gerathewohl&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+J.&amp;rft.au=Stallings%2C+H.+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacemedicineassociation.org%2Fdownload%2Fhistory%2Fhistory_files_1957%2F28040345-1.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Nguyen_1998-66">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Nguyen_1998_66-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                            /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFNguyen1998"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Nguyen, H. D. (1998).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010410235503/http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/"
+                                >"How does a cat always land on its feet?"</a
+                              >. School of Medical Engineering. Dynamics&#160;II
+                              (ME&#160;3760) course materials.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Georgia Institute of Technology"
+                                >Georgia Institute of Technology</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://helix.gatech.edu/Classes/ME3760/1998Q3/Projects/Nguyen/"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 10 April 2001<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2007</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+does+a+cat+always+land+on+its+feet%3F&amp;rft.series=Dynamics+II+%28ME+3760%29+course+materials&amp;rft.pub=Georgia+Institute+of+Technology&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.aulast=Nguyen&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+D.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhelix.gatech.edu%2FClasses%2FME3760%2F1998Q3%2FProjects%2FNguyen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span>
+                            &#160;<small
+                              >This
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tertiary_sources"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Wikipedia:Tertiary sources"
+                                >tertiary source</a
+                              >
+                              reuses information from other sources but does not
+                              name them.</small
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-67">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBatterman2003"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Batterman, R. (2003).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/794/1/falling-cats.pdf"
+                                >"Falling cats, parallel parking, and polarized
+                                light"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i
+                                >Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
+                                Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of
+                                Modern Physics</i
+                              >. <b>34</b> (4): 527–557.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003SHPMP..34..527B"
+                                >2003SHPMP..34..527B</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs1355-2198%2803%2900062-5"
+                                >10.1016/s1355-2198(03)00062-5</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720140329/http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/794/1/falling-cats.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 20 July 2018<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">13 September</span>
+                                2022</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Studies+in+History+and+Philosophy+of+Science+Part+B%3A+Studies+in+History+and+Philosophy+of+Modern+Physics&amp;rft.atitle=Falling+cats%2C+parallel+parking%2C+and+polarized+light&amp;rft.volume=34&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=527-557&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs1355-2198%2803%2900062-5&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003SHPMP..34..527B&amp;rft.aulast=Batterman&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilsci-archive.pitt.edu%2F794%2F1%2Ffalling-cats.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-68">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFEizirikYuhkiJohnsonMenotti-Raymond2003"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Eizirik, Eduardo; Yuhki, Naoya; Johnson, Warren
+                              E.; Menotti-Raymond, Marilyn; Hannah, Steven S.;
+                              O'Brien, Stephen J. (4 March 2003).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2803%2900128-3"
+                                >"Molecular Genetics and Evolution of Melanism
+                                in the Cat Family"</a
+                              >. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>13</b> (5): 448–453.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003CBio...13..448E"
+                                >2003CBio...13..448E</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2803%2900128-3"
+                                  >10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822"
+                                >0960-9822</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12620197"
+                                >12620197</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19021807"
+                                >19021807</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=Molecular+Genetics+and+Evolution+of+Melanism+in+the+Cat+Family&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=448-453&amp;rft.date=2003-03-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19021807%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003CBio...13..448E&amp;rft.issn=0960-9822&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2803%2900128-3&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12620197&amp;rft.aulast=Eizirik&amp;rft.aufirst=Eduardo&amp;rft.au=Yuhki%2C+Naoya&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+Warren+E.&amp;rft.au=Menotti-Raymond%2C+Marilyn&amp;rft.au=Hannah%2C+Steven+S.&amp;rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0960-9822%252803%252900128-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-69">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFEizirikYuhkiJohnsonMenotti-Raymond2003"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Eizirik, Eduardo; Yuhki, Naoya; Johnson, Warren
+                              E.; Menotti-Raymond, Marilyn; Hannah, Steven S.;
+                              O'Brien, Stephen J. (4 March 2003).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(03)00128-3.pdf"
+                                >"Molecular Genetics and Evolution of Melanism
+                                in the Cat Family"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Cell Press</i>. <b>13</b> (5): 448–453.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003CBio...13..448E"
+                                >2003CBio...13..448E</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0960-9822%2803%2900128-3"
+                                >10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00128-3</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12620197"
+                                >12620197</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240326122953/https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(03)00128-3.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 26 March 2024<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2024</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Cell+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Molecular+Genetics+and+Evolution+of+Melanism+in+the+Cat+Family&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=448-453&amp;rft.date=2003-03-04&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12620197&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0960-9822%2803%2900128-3&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003CBio...13..448E&amp;rft.aulast=Eizirik&amp;rft.aufirst=Eduardo&amp;rft.au=Yuhki%2C+Naoya&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+Warren+E.&amp;rft.au=Menotti-Raymond%2C+Marilyn&amp;rft.au=Hannah%2C+Steven+S.&amp;rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Stephen+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Fcurrent-biology%2Fpdf%2FS0960-9822%2803%2900128-3.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-70">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFOllivierSamuelsonBrooksLewis2004"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Ollivier, F. J.; Samuelson, D. A.; Brooks, D. E.;
+                              Lewis, P. A.; Kallberg, M. E.; Komaromy, A. M.
+                              (2004). "Comparative morphology of the
+                              <i>Tapetum Lucidum</i> (among selected species)".
+                              <i>Veterinary Ophthalmology</i>. <b>7</b> (1):
+                              11–22.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1463-5224.2004.00318.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1463-5224.2004.00318.x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14738502"
+                                >14738502</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15419778"
+                                >15419778</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Ophthalmology&amp;rft.atitle=Comparative+morphology+of+the+Tapetum+Lucidum+%28among+selected+species%29&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=11-22&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15419778%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14738502&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1463-5224.2004.00318.x&amp;rft.aulast=Ollivier&amp;rft.aufirst=F.+J.&amp;rft.au=Samuelson%2C+D.+A.&amp;rft.au=Brooks%2C+D.+E.&amp;rft.au=Lewis%2C+P.+A.&amp;rft.au=Kallberg%2C+M.+E.&amp;rft.au=Komaromy%2C+A.+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-71">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMalmströmKröger2006"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Malmström, T.; Kröger, R. H. (2006).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.01959"
+                                >"Pupil shapes and lens optics in the eyes of
+                                terrestrial vertebrates"</a
+                              >. <i>Journal of Experimental Biology</i>.
+                              <b>209</b> (1): 18–25.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjeb.01959"
+                                  >10.1242/jeb.01959</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16354774"
+                                >16354774</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=Pupil+shapes+and+lens+optics+in+the+eyes+of+terrestrial+vertebrates&amp;rft.volume=209&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=18-25&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fjeb.01959&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16354774&amp;rft.aulast=Malmstr%C3%B6m&amp;rft.aufirst=T.&amp;rft.au=Kr%C3%B6ger%2C+R.+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1242%252Fjeb.01959&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-72">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHammondMouat1985"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Hammond, P.; Mouat, G. S. V. (1985). "The
+                              relationship between feline pupil size and
+                              luminance". <i>Experimental Brain Research</i>.
+                              <b>59</b> (3): 485–490.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00261338"
+                                >10.1007/BF00261338</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4029324"
+                                >4029324</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11858455"
+                                >11858455</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Experimental+Brain+Research&amp;rft.atitle=The+relationship+between+feline+pupil+size+and+luminance&amp;rft.volume=59&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=485-490&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11858455%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4029324&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00261338&amp;rft.aulast=Hammond&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rft.au=Mouat%2C+G.+S.+V.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-73">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLoopBruce1978"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Loop, M. S.; Bruce, L. L. (1978). "Cat color
+                              vision: The effect of stimulus size".
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Science_(journal)"
+                                  title="Science (journal)"
+                                  >Science</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. <b>199</b> (4334): 1221–1222.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978Sci...199.1221L"
+                                >1978Sci...199.1221L</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.628838"
+                                >10.1126/science.628838</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/628838"
+                                >628838</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=Cat+color+vision%3A+The+effect+of+stimulus+size&amp;rft.volume=199&amp;rft.issue=4334&amp;rft.pages=1221-1222&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F628838&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.628838&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1978Sci...199.1221L&amp;rft.aulast=Loop&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+S.&amp;rft.au=Bruce%2C+L.+L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-74">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGuentherZrenner1993"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Guenther, E.; Zrenner, E. (1993).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6576706"
+                                >"The spectral sensitivity of dark- and
+                                light-adapted cat retinal ganglion cells"</a
+                              >. <i>Journal of Neuroscience</i>. <b>13</b> (4):
+                              1543–1550.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.13-04-01543.1993"
+                                >10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01543.1993</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6576706"
+                                  >6576706</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8463834"
+                                >8463834</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neuroscience&amp;rft.atitle=The+spectral+sensitivity+of+dark-+and+light-adapted+cat+retinal+ganglion+cells&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=1543-1550&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6576706%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8463834&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.13-04-01543.1993&amp;rft.aulast=Guenther&amp;rft.aufirst=E.&amp;rft.au=Zrenner%2C+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6576706&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-75">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHeffner1985"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Heffner, R. S. (1985).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.utoledo.edu/al/psychology/pdfs/comphearaudio/HearingRangeOfTheDomesticCat_1985.pdf"
+                                >"Hearing range of the domestic cat"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Hearing Research</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 85–88.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0378-5955%2885%2990100-5"
+                                >10.1016/0378-5955(85)90100-5</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4066516"
+                                >4066516</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4763009"
+                                >4763009</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210707001511/https://www.utoledo.edu/al/psychology/pdfs/comphearaudio/HearingRangeOfTheDomesticCat_1985.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 7 July 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">10 October</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Hearing+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Hearing+range+of+the+domestic+cat&amp;rft.volume=19&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=85-88&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4763009%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4066516&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0378-5955%2885%2990100-5&amp;rft.aulast=Heffner&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utoledo.edu%2Fal%2Fpsychology%2Fpdfs%2Fcomphearaudio%2FHearingRangeOfTheDomesticCat_1985.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-76">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHeffner1998"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Heffner, H. E. (1998). "Auditory awareness".
+                              <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>.
+                              <b>57</b> (3–4): 259–268.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900101-4"
+                                >10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00101-4</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Auditory+awareness&amp;rft.volume=57&amp;rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&amp;rft.pages=259-268&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900101-4&amp;rft.aulast=Heffner&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-77">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHeffner2004"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Heffner, R. S. (2004).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Far.a.20117"
+                                >"Primate hearing from a mammalian
+                                perspective"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in
+                                Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology</i
+                              >. <b>281</b> (1): 1111–1122.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Far.a.20117"
+                                  >10.1002/ar.a.20117</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15472899"
+                                >15472899</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4991969"
+                                >4991969</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Anatomical+Record+Part+A%3A+Discoveries+in+Molecular%2C+Cellular%2C+and+Evolutionary+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=Primate+hearing+from+a+mammalian+perspective&amp;rft.volume=281&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=1111-1122&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4991969%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15472899&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Far.a.20117&amp;rft.aulast=Heffner&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Far.a.20117&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Sunquist-78">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Sunquist_78-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSunquistSunquist2002"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Sunquist, M.; Sunquist, F. (2002).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&amp;pg=PA3"
+                                >"What is a Cat?"</a
+                              >. <i>Wild Cats of the World</i>. University of
+                              Chicago Press. pp.&#160;5–18.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226779997"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780226779997"
+                                ><bdi>9780226779997</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719111036/https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&amp;pg=PA3"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 19 July 2023<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">25 October</span>
+                                2020</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=What+is+a+Cat%3F&amp;rft.btitle=Wild+Cats+of+the+World&amp;rft.pages=5-18&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=9780226779997&amp;rft.aulast=Sunquist&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.au=Sunquist%2C+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhFbJWMh9-OAC%26pg%3DPA3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-79">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBlumberg1992"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Blumberg, M. S. (1992). "Rodent ultrasonic short
+                              calls: Locomotion, biomechanics, and
+                              communication".
+                              <i>Journal of Comparative Psychology</i>.
+                              <b>106</b> (4): 360–365.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0735-7036.106.4.360"
+                                >10.1037/0735-7036.106.4.360</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1451418"
+                                >1451418</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Psychology&amp;rft.atitle=Rodent+ultrasonic+short+calls%3A+Locomotion%2C+biomechanics%2C+and+communication&amp;rft.volume=106&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=360-365&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0735-7036.106.4.360&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1451418&amp;rft.aulast=Blumberg&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-80">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFTakagiChijiiwaArahoriSaito2021"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Takagi, S.; Chijiiwa, H.; Arahori, M.; Saito, A.;
+                              Fujita, K.; Kuroshima, H. (2021).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8580247"
+                                >"Socio-spatial cognition in cats: Mentally
+                                mapping owner's location from voice"</a
+                              >. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>16</b> (11): e0257611.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PLoSO..1657611T"
+                                >2021PLoSO..1657611T</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0257611"
+                                  >10.1371/journal.pone.0257611</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8580247"
+                                  >8580247</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34758043"
+                                >34758043</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&amp;rft.atitle=Socio-spatial+cognition+in+cats%3A+Mentally+mapping+owner%27s+location+from+voice&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.pages=e0257611&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8580247%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34758043&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0257611&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021PLoSO..1657611T&amp;rft.aulast=Takagi&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rft.au=Chijiiwa%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Arahori%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Saito%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Fujita%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Kuroshima%2C+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8580247&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Moulton_1967-81">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Moulton_1967_81-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMoulton1967"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Moulton, David G. (1 August 1967).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/7/3/421/244992"
+                                >"Olfaction in mammals"</a
+                              >. <i>American Zoologist</i>. <b>7</b> (3):
+                              421–429.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficb%2F7.3.421"
+                                  >10.1093/icb/7.3.421</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1569"
+                                >0003-1569</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6077376"
+                                >6077376</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210806144530/https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/7/3/421/244992"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 6 August 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">22 November</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Zoologist&amp;rft.atitle=Olfaction+in+mammals&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=421-429&amp;rft.date=1967-08-01&amp;rft.issn=0003-1569&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6077376&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficb%2F7.3.421&amp;rft.aulast=Moulton&amp;rft.aufirst=David+G.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Ficb%2Farticle%2F7%2F3%2F421%2F244992&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-felinine-82">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-felinine_82-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMiyazakiYamashitaSuzukiSaito2006"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Miyazaki, Masao; Yamashita, Tetsuro; Suzuki,
+                              Yusuke; Saito, Yoshihiro; Soeta, Satoshi; Taira,
+                              Hideharu; Suzuki, Akemi (October 2006).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chembiol.2006.08.013"
+                                >"A major urinary protein of the domestic cat
+                                regulates the production of felinine, a putative
+                                pheromone precursor"</a
+                              >. <i>Chemistry &amp; Biology</i>. <b>13</b> (10):
+                              1071–1079.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chembiol.2006.08.013"
+                                  >10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.08.013</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17052611"
+                                >17052611</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Chemistry+%26+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=A+major+urinary+protein+of+the+domestic+cat+regulates+the+production+of+felinine%2C+a+putative+pheromone+precursor&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.pages=1071-1079&amp;rft.date=2006-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.chembiol.2006.08.013&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17052611&amp;rft.aulast=Miyazaki&amp;rft.aufirst=Masao&amp;rft.au=Yamashita%2C+Tetsuro&amp;rft.au=Suzuki%2C+Yusuke&amp;rft.au=Saito%2C+Yoshihiro&amp;rft.au=Soeta%2C+Satoshi&amp;rft.au=Taira%2C+Hideharu&amp;rft.au=Suzuki%2C+Akemi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.chembiol.2006.08.013&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Sommerville-83">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Sommerville_83-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Sommerville_83-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSommerville1998"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Sommerville, B. A. (1998). "Olfactory Awareness".
+                              <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>.
+                              <b>57</b> (3–4): 269–286.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900102-6"
+                                >10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00102-6</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Olfactory+Awareness&amp;rft.volume=57&amp;rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&amp;rft.pages=269-286&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2898%2900102-6&amp;rft.aulast=Sommerville&amp;rft.aufirst=B.+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-84">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGrognet1990"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Grognet, Jeff (June 1990).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1480656"
+                                >"Catnip: Its uses and effects, past and
+                                present"</a
+                              >. <i>The Canadian Veterinary Journal</i>.
+                              <b>31</b> (6): 455–456.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1480656"
+                                  >1480656</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17423611"
+                                >17423611</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Canadian+Veterinary+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Catnip%3A+Its+uses+and+effects%2C+past+and+present&amp;rft.volume=31&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=455-456&amp;rft.date=1990-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1480656%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17423611&amp;rft.aulast=Grognet&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1480656&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-85">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFTurner2007"
+                              class="citation magazine cs1"
+                              >Turner, Ramona (29 May 2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=experts-how-does-catnip-work-on-cats"
+                                >"How does catnip work its magic on cats?"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Scientific_American"
+                                  title="Scientific American"
+                                  >Scientific American</a
+                                ></i
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022023257/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=experts-how-does-catnip-work-on-cats"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 22 October 2013.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&amp;rft.atitle=How+does+catnip+work+its+magic+on+cats%3F&amp;rft.date=2007-05-29&amp;rft.aulast=Turner&amp;rft.aufirst=Ramona&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dexperts-how-does-catnip-work-on-cats&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Tucker-86">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_86-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFTuckerTucker1988"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Tucker, Arthur; Tucker, Sharon (1988). "Catnip
+                              and the catnip response". <i>Economic Botany</i>.
+                              <b>42</b> (2): 214–231.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988EcBot..42..214T"
+                                >1988EcBot..42..214T</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02858923"
+                                >10.1007/BF02858923</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34777592"
+                                >34777592</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Economic+Botany&amp;rft.atitle=Catnip+and+the+catnip+response&amp;rft.volume=42&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=214-231&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34777592%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02858923&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988EcBot..42..214T&amp;rft.aulast=Tucker&amp;rft.aufirst=Arthur&amp;rft.au=Tucker%2C+Sharon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-sch-87">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-sch_87-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-sch_87-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSchelling"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Schelling, Christianne.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.cathealth.com/nutrition/do-cats-have-a-sense-of-taste"
+                                >"Do cats have a sense of taste?"</a
+                              >. <i>CatHealth.com</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128163535/http://www.cathealth.com/nutrition/do-cats-have-a-sense-of-taste"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 28 January 2016.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CatHealth.com&amp;rft.atitle=Do+cats+have+a+sense+of+taste%3F&amp;rft.aulast=Schelling&amp;rft.aufirst=Christianne&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cathealth.com%2Fnutrition%2Fdo-cats-have-a-sense-of-taste&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-88">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFJiangJosueLiGlaser2012"
+                              class="citation cs2"
+                              >Jiang, Peihua; Josue, Jesusa; Li, Xia; Glaser,
+                              Dieter; Li, Weihua; Brand, Joseph G.; Margolskee,
+                              Robert F.; Reed, Danielle R.; Beauchamp, Gary K.
+                              (12 March 2012), "Major taste loss in carnivorous
+                              mammals", <i>PNAS</i>, <b>13</b> (109): 4956–4961,
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1118360109"
+                                  >10.1073/pnas.1118360109</a
+                                ></span
+                              >,
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3324019"
+                                  >3324019</a
+                                ></span
+                              >,
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22411809"
+                                >22411809</a
+                              ></cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=PNAS&amp;rft.atitle=Major+taste+loss+in+carnivorous+mammals&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=109&amp;rft.pages=4956-4961&amp;rft.date=2012-03-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3324019%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22411809&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1118360109&amp;rft.aulast=Jiang&amp;rft.aufirst=Peihua&amp;rft.au=Josue%2C+Jesusa&amp;rft.au=Li%2C+Xia&amp;rft.au=Glaser%2C+Dieter&amp;rft.au=Li%2C+Weihua&amp;rft.au=Brand%2C+Joseph+G.&amp;rft.au=Margolskee%2C+Robert+F.&amp;rft.au=Reed%2C+Danielle+R.&amp;rft.au=Beauchamp%2C+Gary+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Bradshaw2006-89">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw2006_89-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBradshaw2006"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Bradshaw, John W. S. (1 July 2006).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjn%2F136.7.1927S"
+                                >"The evolutionary basis for the feeding
+                                behavior of domestic dogs (<i
+                                  >Canis familiaris</i
+                                >) and cats (<i>Felis catus</i>)"</a
+                              >. <i>Journal of Nutrition</i>. <b>136</b> (7):
+                              1927S–1931.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjn%2F136.7.1927S"
+                                  >10.1093/jn/136.7.1927S</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16772461"
+                                >16772461</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&amp;rft.atitle=The+evolutionary+basis+for+the+feeding+behavior+of+domestic+dogs+%28Canis+familiaris%29+and+cats+%28Felis+catus%29&amp;rft.volume=136&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.pages=1927S-1931&amp;rft.date=2006-07-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjn%2F136.7.1927S&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16772461&amp;rft.aulast=Bradshaw&amp;rft.aufirst=John+W.+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjn%252F136.7.1927S&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="cite_note-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop-90"
+                        >
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a
+                              href="#cite_ref-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop_90-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a
+                              href="#cite_ref-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop_90-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a
+                              href="#cite_ref-McGrane_Gibbs_Hernangomez_de_Alvaro_Dunlop_90-2"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>c</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMcGraneGibbsHernangomez_de_AlvaroDunlop2023"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >McGrane, Scott J.; Gibbs, Matthew; Hernangomez de
+                              Alvaro, Carlos; Dunlop, Nicola; Winnig, Marcel;
+                              Klebansky, Boris; Waller, Daniel (1 January 2023).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10468298"
+                                >"Umami taste perception and preferences of the
+                                domestic cat (<i>Felis catus</i>), an obligate
+                                carnivore"</a
+                              >. <i>Chemical Senses</i>. <b>48</b>.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fchemse%2Fbjad026"
+                                >10.1093/chemse/bjad026</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0379-864X"
+                                >0379-864X</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10468298"
+                                  >10468298</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37551788"
+                                >37551788</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Chemical+Senses&amp;rft.atitle=Umami+taste+perception+and+preferences+of+the+domestic+cat+%28Felis+catus%29%2C+an+obligate+carnivore&amp;rft.volume=48&amp;rft.date=2023-01-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10468298%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=0379-864X&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37551788&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fchemse%2Fbjad026&amp;rft.aulast=McGrane&amp;rft.aufirst=Scott+J.&amp;rft.au=Gibbs%2C+Matthew&amp;rft.au=Hernangomez+de+Alvaro%2C+Carlos&amp;rft.au=Dunlop%2C+Nicola&amp;rft.au=Winnig%2C+Marcel&amp;rft.au=Klebansky%2C+Boris&amp;rft.au=Waller%2C+Daniel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10468298&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Science_Tuna_Cat-91">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Science_Tuna_Cat_91-0"
+                                >^</a
+                              ></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGrimm2023"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Grimm, David (1 October 2023). "Why do cats love
+                              tuna so much?".
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Science_(journal)"
+                                  title="Science (journal)"
+                                  >Science</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. <b>381</b> (6661): 935.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023Sci...381..935G"
+                                >2023Sci...381..935G</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.adk5725"
+                                >10.1126/science.adk5725</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075"
+                                >0036-8075</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37651517"
+                                >37651517</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:261395204"
+                                >261395204</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=Why+do+cats+love+tuna+so+much%3F&amp;rft.volume=381&amp;rft.issue=6661&amp;rft.pages=935&amp;rft.date=2023-10-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A261395204%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023Sci...381..935G&amp;rft.issn=0036-8075&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.adk5725&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37651517&amp;rft.aulast=Grimm&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-92">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGermainBenhamouPoulle2008"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Germain, E.; Benhamou, S.; Poulle, M.-L. (2008).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.2008.00479.x"
+                                >"Spatio-temporal Sharing between the European
+                                Wildcat, the Domestic Cat and their Hybrids"</a
+                              >. <i>Journal of Zoology</i>. <b>276</b> (2):
+                              195–203.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.2008.00479.x"
+                                  >10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00479.x</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoology&amp;rft.atitle=Spatio-temporal+Sharing+between+the+European+Wildcat%2C+the+Domestic+Cat+and+their+Hybrids&amp;rft.volume=276&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=195-203&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.2008.00479.x&amp;rft.aulast=Germain&amp;rft.aufirst=E.&amp;rft.au=Benhamou%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Poulle%2C+M.-L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1469-7998.2008.00479.x&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-93">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBarratt1997"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Barratt, D. G. (1997). "Home Range Size, Habitat
+                              Utilisation and Movement Patterns of Suburban and
+                              Farm Cats <i>Felis catus</i>". <i>Ecography</i>.
+                              <b>20</b> (3): 271–280.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Ecogr..20..271B"
+                                >1997Ecogr..20..271B</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0587.1997.tb00371.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1600-0587.1997.tb00371.x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="JSTOR (identifier)"
+                                >JSTOR</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3682838"
+                                >3682838</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ecography&amp;rft.atitle=Home+Range+Size%2C+Habitat+Utilisation+and+Movement+Patterns+of+Suburban+and+Farm+Cats+Felis+catus&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=271-280&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3682838%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1600-0587.1997.tb00371.x&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997Ecogr..20..271B&amp;rft.aulast=Barratt&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-94">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFRandallJohnsonRandallCunningham1985"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Randall, W.; Johnson, R. F.; Randall, S.;
+                              Cunningham, J. T. (1985). "Circadian rhythms in
+                              food intake and activity in domestic cats".
+                              <i>Behavioral Neuroscience</i>. <b>99</b> (6):
+                              1162–1175.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0735-7044.99.6.1162"
+                                >10.1037/0735-7044.99.6.1162</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3843546"
+                                >3843546</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Behavioral+Neuroscience&amp;rft.atitle=Circadian+rhythms+in+food+intake+and+activity+in+domestic+cats&amp;rft.volume=99&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=1162-1175&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0735-7044.99.6.1162&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3843546&amp;rft.aulast=Randall&amp;rft.aufirst=W.&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+R.+F.&amp;rft.au=Randall%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Cunningham%2C+J.+T.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-95">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLing2021"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Ling, Thomas (2 June 2021).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-do-cats-sleep-so-much/"
+                                >"Why do cats sleep so much?"</a
+                              >. <i>BBC Science Focus Magazine</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403180235/https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-do-cats-sleep-so-much/"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 3 April 2023<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Science+Focus+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Why+do+cats+sleep+so+much%3F&amp;rft.date=2021-06-02&amp;rft.aulast=Ling&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencefocus.com%2Fnature%2Fwhy-do-cats-sleep-so-much%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-96">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFJouvet1979"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Jouvet, M. (1979). "What Does a Cat Dream
+                              About?". <i>Trends in Neurosciences</i>. <b>2</b>:
+                              280–282.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0166-2236%2879%2990110-3"
+                                >10.1016/0166-2236(79)90110-3</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53161799"
+                                >53161799</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Neurosciences&amp;rft.atitle=What+Does+a+Cat+Dream+About%3F&amp;rft.volume=2&amp;rft.pages=280-282&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0166-2236%2879%2990110-3&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53161799%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Jouvet&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-97">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFUdellDelgadoEkenstedtShoveller2023"
+                              class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"
+                              >Udell, Monique; Delgado, Mikel; Ekenstedt, Kari;
+                              Shoveller, Anna Kate; Croney, Candace (2023).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2023.106029"
+                                >"CATastrophic myths part 2: Common
+                                misconceptions about the environmental,
+                                nutritional, and genetic management of domestic
+                                cats and their welfare implications"</a
+                              >. <i>The Veterinary Journal</i>. 300–302: 106029.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2023.106029"
+                                  >10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106029</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37683762"
+                                >37683762</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Veterinary+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=CATastrophic+myths+part+2%3A+Common+misconceptions+about+the+environmental%2C+nutritional%2C+and+genetic+management+of+domestic+cats+and+their+welfare+implications&amp;rft.volume=300-302&amp;rft.pages=106029&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2023.106029&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37683762&amp;rft.aulast=Udell&amp;rft.aufirst=Monique&amp;rft.au=Delgado%2C+Mikel&amp;rft.au=Ekenstedt%2C+Kari&amp;rft.au=Shoveller%2C+Anna+Kate&amp;rft.au=Croney%2C+Candace&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.tvjl.2023.106029&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Crowell-davis2004-98">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_98-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Crowell-davis2004_98-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFCrowell-DavisCurtisKnowles2004"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Crowell-Davis, S. L.; Curtis, T. M.; Knowles, R.
+                              J. (2004).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720231305/http://zoopsy.free.fr/veille_biblio/social_organization_cat_2004.pdf"
+                                >"Social Organization in the Cat: A Modern
+                                Understanding"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</i>.
+                              <b>6</b> (1): 19–28.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jfms.2003.09.013"
+                                >10.1016/j.jfms.2003.09.013</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10822437"
+                                  >10822437</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15123163"
+                                >15123163</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25719922"
+                                >25719922</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://zoopsy.free.fr/veille_biblio/social_organization_cat_2004.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 July
+                              2011.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feline+Medicine+and+Surgery&amp;rft.atitle=Social+Organization+in+the+Cat%3A+A+Modern+Understanding&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=19-28&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10822437%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25719922%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15123163&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jfms.2003.09.013&amp;rft.aulast=Crowell-Davis&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+L.&amp;rft.au=Curtis%2C+T.+M.&amp;rft.au=Knowles%2C+R.+J.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzoopsy.free.fr%2Fveille_biblio%2Fsocial_organization_cat_2004.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Liberg_al2014-99">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Liberg_al2014_99-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLibergSandellPontierNatoli2000"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Liberg, O.; Sandell, M.; Pontier, D.; Natoli, E.
+                              (2000).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GgUwg6gU7n4C&amp;pg=PA119"
+                                >"Density, spatial organisation and reproductive
+                                tactics in the domestic cat and other felids"</a
+                              >. In Turner, D. C.; Bateson, P. (eds.).
+                              <i
+                                >The domestic cat: the biology of its
+                                behaviour</i
+                              >
+                              (2nd&#160;ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University
+                              Press. pp.&#160;119–147.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521636483"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780521636483"
+                                ><bdi>9780521636483</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062218/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgUwg6gU7n4C&amp;pg=PA119"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 31 March 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">25 October</span>
+                                2020</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Density%2C+spatial+organisation+and+reproductive+tactics+in+the+domestic+cat+and+other+felids&amp;rft.btitle=The+domestic+cat%3A+the+biology+of+its+behaviour&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pages=119-147&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9780521636483&amp;rft.aulast=Liberg&amp;rft.aufirst=O.&amp;rft.au=Sandell%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Pontier%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Natoli%2C+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGgUwg6gU7n4C%26pg%3DPA119&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-100">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBaronStewartWarren1957"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Baron, A.; Stewart, C. N.; Warren, J. M. (1
+                              January 1957). "Patterns of social interaction in
+                              cats (<i>Felis domestica</i>)". <i>Behaviour</i>.
+                              <b>11</b> (1): 56–66.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F156853956X00084"
+                                >10.1163/156853956X00084</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="JSTOR (identifier)"
+                                >JSTOR</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4532869"
+                                >4532869</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Behaviour&amp;rft.atitle=Patterns+of+social+interaction+in+cats+%28Felis+domestica%29&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=56-66&amp;rft.date=1957-01-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F156853956X00084&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4532869%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Baron&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft.au=Stewart%2C+C.+N.&amp;rft.au=Warren%2C+J.+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Bradshaw-101">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_101-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_101-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBradshawGoodwinLegrand-DefrétinNott1996"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Bradshaw, J. W.; Goodwin, D.; Legrand-Defrétin,
+                              V.; Nott, H. M. (1996). "Food selection by the
+                              domestic cat, an obligate carnivore".
+                              <i
+                                >Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology –
+                                Part&#160;A: Molecular &amp; Integrative
+                                Physiology</i
+                              >. <b>114</b> (3): 205–209.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0300-9629%2895%2902133-7"
+                                >10.1016/0300-9629(95)02133-7</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8759144"
+                                >8759144</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology+%E2%80%93+Part+A%3A+Molecular+%26+Integrative+Physiology&amp;rft.atitle=Food+selection+by+the+domestic+cat%2C+an+obligate+carnivore&amp;rft.volume=114&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=205-209&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0300-9629%2895%2902133-7&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8759144&amp;rft.aulast=Bradshaw&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+W.&amp;rft.au=Goodwin%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Legrand-Defr%C3%A9tin%2C+V.&amp;rft.au=Nott%2C+H.+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-102">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMillsMarchant-Forde2010"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Mills, D. S.; Marchant-Forde, J. (2010).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vrueZDfPUzoC&amp;pg=PA518"
+                                ><i
+                                  >Encyclopedia of Applied Animal Behaviour and
+                                  Welfare</i
+                                ></a
+                              >. p.&#160;518.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851997247"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780851997247"
+                                ><bdi>9780851997247</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407004417/https://books.google.com/books?id=vrueZDfPUzoC&amp;pg=PA518"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 7 April 2017.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Applied+Animal+Behaviour+and+Welfare&amp;rft.pages=518&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=9780851997247&amp;rft.aulast=Mills&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+S.&amp;rft.au=Marchant-Forde%2C+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvrueZDfPUzoC%26pg%3DPA518&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-McComb_2009-103">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-McComb_2009_103-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMcCombTaylorWilsonCharlton2009"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >McComb, K.; Taylor, A. M.; Wilson, C.; Charlton,
+                              B. D. (2009).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2009.05.033"
+                                >"The Cry Embedded within the Purr"</a
+                              >. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>19</b> (13):
+                              R507–508.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009CBio...19.R507M"
+                                >2009CBio...19.R507M</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2009.05.033"
+                                  >10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.033</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19602409"
+                                >19602409</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10972076"
+                                >10972076</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Cry+Embedded+within+the+Purr&amp;rft.volume=19&amp;rft.issue=13&amp;rft.pages=R507-508&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2009.05.033&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10972076%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19602409&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009CBio...19.R507M&amp;rft.aulast=McComb&amp;rft.aufirst=K.&amp;rft.au=Taylor%2C+A.+M.&amp;rft.au=Wilson%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Charlton%2C+B.+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.cub.2009.05.033&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Levine_2005-104">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Levine_2005_104-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLevinePerryScarlettHoupt2005"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Levine, E.; Perry, P.; Scarlett, J.; Houpt, K.
+                              (2005).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326225932/http://faculty.washington.edu/jcha/330_cats_introducing.pdf"
+                                >"Intercat aggression in households following
+                                the introduction of a new cat"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>.
+                              <b>90</b> (3–4): 325–336.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2004.07.006"
+                                >10.1016/j.applanim.2004.07.006</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://faculty.washington.edu/jcha/330_cats_introducing.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 March
+                              2009.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Intercat+aggression+in+households+following+the+introduction+of+a+new+cat&amp;rft.volume=90&amp;rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&amp;rft.pages=325-336&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2004.07.006&amp;rft.aulast=Levine&amp;rft.aufirst=E.&amp;rft.au=Perry%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Scarlett%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Houpt%2C+K.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fjcha%2F330_cats_introducing.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Horwitz-105">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Horwitz_105-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHorwitz2022"
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              >Horwitz, Debra (2022).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/cat-behavior-problems-aggression-redirected#:~:text=What%20is%20redirected%20aggression%3F,cat%20out%20on%20the%20property"
+                                >"Cat Behavior Problems - Aggression
+                                Redirected"</a
+                              >. VCA Animal Hospitals.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319184510/https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/cat-behavior-problems-aggression-redirected#:~:text=What%20is%20redirected%20aggression%3F,cat%20out%20on%20the%20property"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 19 March 2022<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2022</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Cat+Behavior+Problems+-+Aggression+Redirected&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft.aulast=Horwitz&amp;rft.aufirst=Debra&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvcahospitals.com%2Fknow-your-pet%2Fcat-behavior-problems-aggression-redirected%23%3A~%3Atext%3DWhat%2520is%2520redirected%2520aggression%253F%2Ccat%2520out%2520on%2520the%2520property&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Behaviorist-106">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Behaviorist_106-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFJohnson2014"
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              >Johnson, Ingrid (17 May 2014).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://iaabc.org/cat/redirected-aggression-in-cats"
+                                >"Redirected Aggression in Cats: Recognition and
+                                Treatment Strategies"</a
+                              >. International Association of Animal Behavior
+                              Consultants.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307001045/https://iaabc.org/cat/redirected-aggression-in-cats"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 7 March 2022<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2022</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Redirected+Aggression+in+Cats%3A+Recognition+and+Treatment+Strategies&amp;rft.date=2014-05-17&amp;rft.aulast=Johnson&amp;rft.aufirst=Ingrid&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiaabc.org%2Fcat%2Fredirected-aggression-in-cats&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-107">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSoennichsenChamove2015"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Soennichsen, S.; Chamove, A. S. (2015).
+                              "Responses of cats to petting by humans".
+                              <i>Anthrozoös</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 258–265.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F089279302786992577"
+                                >10.2752/089279302786992577</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144843766"
+                                >144843766</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Anthrozo%C3%B6s&amp;rft.atitle=Responses+of+cats+to+petting+by+humans&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=258-265&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F089279302786992577&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144843766%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Soennichsen&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rft.au=Chamove%2C+A.+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Moelk1944-108">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Moelk1944_108-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMoelk1944"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Moelk, M. (1944). "Vocalizing in the House-cat; A
+                              Phonetic and Functional Study".
+                              <i>The American Journal of Psychology</i>.
+                              <b>57</b> (2): 184–205.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1416947"
+                                >10.2307/1416947</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="JSTOR (identifier)"
+                                >JSTOR</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1416947"
+                                >1416947</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Psychology&amp;rft.atitle=Vocalizing+in+the+House-cat%3B+A+Phonetic+and+Functional+Study&amp;rft.volume=57&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=184-205&amp;rft.date=1944&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1416947&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1416947%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Moelk&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-109">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFCafazzoNatoli2009"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Cafazzo, S.; Natoli, E. (2009). "The Social
+                              Function of Tail Up in the Domestic Cat (<i
+                                >Felis silvestris catus</i
+                              >)". <i>Behavioural Processes</i>. <b>80</b> (1):
+                              60–66.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.beproc.2008.09.008"
+                                >10.1016/j.beproc.2008.09.008</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18930121"
+                                >18930121</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19883549"
+                                >19883549</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Behavioural+Processes&amp;rft.atitle=The+Social+Function+of+Tail+Up+in+the+Domestic+Cat+%28Felis+silvestris+catus%29&amp;rft.volume=80&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=60-66&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19883549%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18930121&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.beproc.2008.09.008&amp;rft.aulast=Cafazzo&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rft.au=Natoli%2C+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Jensen-110">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jensen_110-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFJensen2009"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Jensen, P. (2009).
+                              <i>The Ethology of Domestic Animals</i>. "Modular
+                              Text" series. Wallingford, England:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Centre_for_Agriculture_and_Bioscience_International"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International"
+                                >Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience
+                                International</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845935368"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781845935368"
+                                ><bdi>9781845935368</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Ethology+of+Domestic+Animals&amp;rft.place=Wallingford%2C+England&amp;rft.series=%22Modular+Text%22+series&amp;rft.pub=Centre+for+Agriculture+and+Bioscience+International&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=9781845935368&amp;rft.aulast=Jensen&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-bradshaw2012-111">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-bradshaw2012_111-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-bradshaw2012_111-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-bradshaw2012_111-2"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>c</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBradshaw2012"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Bradshaw, John W. S. (2012).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CMQdnrR0xEsC"
+                                ><i>The Behaviour of the Domestic Cat</i></a
+                              >. Wallingford: CABI. pp.&#160;71–72.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780641201"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781780641201"
+                                ><bdi>9781780641201</bdi></a
+                              ><span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Behaviour+of+the+Domestic+Cat&amp;rft.place=Wallingford&amp;rft.pages=71-72&amp;rft.pub=CABI&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=9781780641201&amp;rft.aulast=Bradshaw&amp;rft.aufirst=John+W.+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCMQdnrR0xEsC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-BruelKjaer-112">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-BruelKjaer_112-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFvon_MuggenthalerWright"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >von Muggenthaler, E.; Wright, B.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722131617/http://www.bksv.com/catspurr"
+                                >"Solving the Cat's Purr Mystery Using
+                                Accelerometers"</a
+                              >. <i>BKSV</i>.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCel_%26_Kj%C3%A6r"
+                                title="Brüel &amp; Kjær"
+                                >Brüel &amp; Kjær</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.bksv.com/catspurr"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 22 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">11 February</span>
+                                2010</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BKSV&amp;rft.atitle=Solving+the+Cat%27s+Purr+Mystery+Using+Accelerometers&amp;rft.aulast=von+Muggenthaler&amp;rft.aufirst=E.&amp;rft.au=Wright%2C+B.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bksv.com%2Fcatspurr&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-IsnareCom-113">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-IsnareCom_113-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.isnare.com/?aid=195293&amp;ca=Pets"
+                                >"The Cat's Remarkable Purr"</a
+                              >. <i>ISnare</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713063142/http://www.isnare.com/?aid=195293&amp;ca=Pets"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 13 July 2011<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2008</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ISnare&amp;rft.atitle=The+Cat%27s+Remarkable+Purr&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isnare.com%2F%3Faid%3D195293%26ca%3DPets&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-114">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBeaver2003"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Beaver, Bonnie V. G. (2003).
+                              <i
+                                >Feline behavior&#160;: a guide for
+                                veterinarians</i
+                              >
+                              (2nd&#160;ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780721694986"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780721694986"
+                                ><bdi>9780721694986</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Feline+behavior+%3A+a+guide+for+veterinarians&amp;rft.place=St.+Louis%2C+Missouri&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Saunders&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=9780721694986&amp;rft.aulast=Beaver&amp;rft.aufirst=Bonnie+V.+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-115">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFRemmersGautier1972"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Remmers, J. E.; Gautier, H. (1972). "Neural and
+                              mechanical mechanisms of feline purring".
+                              <i>Respiration Physiology</i>. <b>16</b> (3):
+                              351–361.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0034-5687%2872%2990064-3"
+                                >10.1016/0034-5687(72)90064-3</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4644061"
+                                >4644061</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Respiration+Physiology&amp;rft.atitle=Neural+and+mechanical+mechanisms+of+feline+purring&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=351-361&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0034-5687%2872%2990064-3&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4644061&amp;rft.aulast=Remmers&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+E.&amp;rft.au=Gautier%2C+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-116">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFFrazer_SissomRicePeters1991"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Frazer Sissom, D. E.; Rice, D. A.; Peters, G.
+                              (1991). "How cats purr".
+                              <i>Journal of Zoology</i>. <b>223</b> (1): 67–78.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1991.tb04749.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1469-7998.1991.tb04749.x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32350871"
+                                >32350871</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoology&amp;rft.atitle=How+cats+purr&amp;rft.volume=223&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=67-78&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1991.tb04749.x&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32350871%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Frazer+Sissom&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+E.&amp;rft.au=Rice%2C+D.+A.&amp;rft.au=Peters%2C+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-117">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFScottFlorkiewicz2023"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Scott, L.; Florkiewicz, B. N. (2023). "Feline
+                              Faces: Unraveling the Social Function of Domestic
+                              Cat Facial Signals". <i>Behavioural Processes</i>.
+                              <b>213</b>: 104959.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.beproc.2023.104959"
+                                >10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104959</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37858844"
+                                >37858844</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:264176390"
+                                >264176390</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Behavioural+Processes&amp;rft.atitle=Feline+Faces%3A+Unraveling+the+Social+Function+of+Domestic+Cat+Facial+Signals&amp;rft.volume=213&amp;rft.pages=104959&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A264176390%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37858844&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.beproc.2023.104959&amp;rft.aulast=Scott&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rft.au=Florkiewicz%2C+B.+N.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-118">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFEvangelistaWatanabeLeungMonteiro2019"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Evangelista, M. C.; Watanabe, R.; Leung, V. S.
+                              Y.; Monteiro, B. P.; O'Toole, E.; Pang, D. S. J.;
+                              Steagall, P. V. (2019).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6911058"
+                                >"Facial expressions of pain in cats: the
+                                development and validation of a Feline Grimace
+                                Scale"</a
+                              >. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 19128.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019NatSR...919128E"
+                                >2019NatSR...919128E</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-019-55693-8"
+                                >10.1038/s41598-019-55693-8</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6911058"
+                                  >6911058</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31836868"
+                                >31836868</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&amp;rft.atitle=Facial+expressions+of+pain+in+cats%3A+the+development+and+validation+of+a+Feline+Grimace+Scale&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=19128&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6911058%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31836868&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-019-55693-8&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019NatSR...919128E&amp;rft.aulast=Evangelista&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+C.&amp;rft.au=Watanabe%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Leung%2C+V.+S.+Y.&amp;rft.au=Monteiro%2C+B.+P.&amp;rft.au=O%27Toole%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Pang%2C+D.+S.+J.&amp;rft.au=Steagall%2C+P.+V.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6911058&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-119">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMonteiroLeeSteagall2023"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Monteiro, B. P; Lee, N. H.Y.; Steagall, P. V.
+                              (2023).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10812049"
+                                >"Can cat caregivers reliably assess acute pain
+                                in cats using the Feline Grimace Scale? A large
+                                bilingual global survey"</a
+                              >. <i>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</i>.
+                              <b>25</b> (1): 1098612X221145499.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1098612X221145499"
+                                >10.1177/1098612X221145499</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10812049"
+                                  >10812049</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36649089"
+                                >36649089</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feline+Medicine+and+Surgery&amp;rft.atitle=Can+cat+caregivers+reliably+assess+acute+pain+in+cats+using+the+Feline+Grimace+Scale%3F+A+large+bilingual+global+survey&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=1098612X221145499&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10812049%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36649089&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1098612X221145499&amp;rft.aulast=Monteiro&amp;rft.aufirst=B.+P&amp;rft.au=Lee%2C+N.+H.Y.&amp;rft.au=Steagall%2C+P.+V.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10812049&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-hairballs-120">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-hairballs_120-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-hairballs_120-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHadzima2016"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Hadzima, E. (2016).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006104436/http://www.dewintonvet.com/everything-you-need-know-about-hairballs/"
+                                >"Everything You Need to Know About
+                                Hairballs"</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.dewintonvet.com/everything-you-need-know-about-hairballs/"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 6 October 2016<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2016</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Everything+You+Need+to+Know+About+Hairballs&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.aulast=Hadzima&amp;rft.aufirst=E.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dewintonvet.com%2Feverything-you-need-know-about-hairballs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-121">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFNoelHu2018"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Noel, A. C.; Hu, D. L. (2018).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298077"
+                                >"Cats use hollow papillae to wick saliva into
+                                fur"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America"
+                                  title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"
+                                  >Proceedings of the National Academy of
+                                  Sciences of the United States of America</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. <b>115</b> (49): 12377–12382.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..11512377N"
+                                >2018PNAS..11512377N</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1809544115"
+                                  >10.1073/pnas.1809544115</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6298077"
+                                  >6298077</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30455290"
+                                >30455290</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&amp;rft.atitle=Cats+use+hollow+papillae+to+wick+saliva+into+fur&amp;rft.volume=115&amp;rft.issue=49&amp;rft.pages=12377-12382&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6298077%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30455290&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1809544115&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018PNAS..11512377N&amp;rft.aulast=Noel&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+C.&amp;rft.au=Hu%2C+D.+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6298077&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Boshel_1982-122">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Boshel_1982_122-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBoshelWilbornSinghPeter1982"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Boshel, J.; Wilborn, W. H.; Singh, B. B.; Peter,
+                              S.; Stur, M. (1982). "Filiform Papillae of Cat
+                              Tongue". <i>Acta Anatomica</i>. <b>114</b> (2):
+                              97–105.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000145583"
+                                >10.1159/000145583</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7180385"
+                                >7180385</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36216103"
+                                >36216103</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Acta+Anatomica&amp;rft.atitle=Filiform+Papillae+of+Cat+Tongue&amp;rft.volume=114&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=97-105&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A36216103%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7180385&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1159%2F000145583&amp;rft.aulast=Boshel&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rft.au=Wilborn%2C+W.+H.&amp;rft.au=Singh%2C+B.+B.&amp;rft.au=Peter%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Stur%2C+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Lindell-123">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Lindell_123-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Lindell_123-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLindell1997"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Lindell, E. M. (1997).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2897%2900032-4"
+                                >"Intercat Aggression: A Retrospective Study
+                                Examining Types of Aggression, Sexes of Fighting
+                                Pairs, and Effectiveness of Treatment"</a
+                              >. <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>.
+                              <b>55</b> (1–2): 153–162.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2897%2900032-4"
+                                  >10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00032-4</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Intercat+Aggression%3A+A+Retrospective+Study+Examining+Types+of+Aggression%2C+Sexes+of+Fighting+Pairs%2C+and+Effectiveness+of+Treatment&amp;rft.volume=55&amp;rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&amp;rft.pages=153-162&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2897%2900032-4&amp;rft.aulast=Lindell&amp;rft.aufirst=E.+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0168-1591%252897%252900032-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-courtship-124">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-courtship_124-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFYamaneDoiOno1996"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Yamane, A.; Doi, T.; Ono, Y. (1996). "Mating
+                              Behaviors, Courtship Rank and Mating Success of
+                              Male Feral Cat (<i>Felis catus</i>)".
+                              <i>Journal of Ethology</i>. <b>14</b> (1): 35–44.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02350090"
+                                >10.1007/BF02350090</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27456926"
+                                >27456926</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethology&amp;rft.atitle=Mating+Behaviors%2C+Courtship+Rank+and+Mating+Success+of+Male+Feral+Cat+%28Felis+catus%29&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=35-44&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02350090&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27456926%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Yamane&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft.au=Doi%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Ono%2C+Y.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-125">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKustritz2007"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Kustritz, M. V. R. (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.231.11.1665"
+                                >"Determining the Optimal age for Gonadectomy of
+                                Dogs and Cats"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
+                                Association</i
+                              >. <b>231</b> (11): 1665–1675.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.231.11.1665"
+                                  >10.2460/javma.231.11.1665</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18052800"
+                                >18052800</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4651194"
+                                >4651194</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&amp;rft.atitle=Determining+the+Optimal+age+for+Gonadectomy+of+Dogs+and+Cats&amp;rft.volume=231&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.pages=1665-1675&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4651194%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18052800&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.231.11.1665&amp;rft.aulast=Kustritz&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+V.+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2460%252Fjavma.231.11.1665&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-behaviourguide-126">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-behaviourguide_126-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224154137/http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/behavior/bodylanguageintro.html"
+                                >"Cat Behavior: Body Language"</a
+                              >. <i>AnimalPlanet</i>. 2007. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/behavior/bodylanguageintro.html"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 24 February 2009<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">7 September</span>
+                                2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AnimalPlanet&amp;rft.atitle=Cat+Behavior%3A+Body+Language&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimal.discovery.com%2Fguides%2Fcats%2Fbehavior%2Fbodylanguageintro.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-127">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.paws.org/resources/aggression/"
+                                >"Aggression Between Family Cats and Feline
+                                Social Behavior"</a
+                              >. <i>PAWS</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828003314/https://www.paws.org/resources/aggression/"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 28 August 2022<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">6 September</span>
+                                2022</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PAWS&amp;rft.atitle=Aggression+Between+Family+Cats+and+Feline+Social+Behavior&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paws.org%2Fresources%2Faggression%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Pederson_1989-128">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Pederson_1989_128-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFPedersenYamamotoIshidaHansen1989"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Pedersen, N. C.; Yamamoto, J. K.; Ishida, T.;
+                              Hansen, H. (1989). "Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
+                              Infection".
+                              <i>Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology</i>.
+                              <b>21</b> (1): 111–129.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0165-2427%2889%2990134-7"
+                                >10.1016/0165-2427(89)90134-7</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2549690"
+                                >2549690</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&amp;rft.atitle=Feline+Immunodeficiency+Virus+Infection&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=111-129&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0165-2427%2889%2990134-7&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2549690&amp;rft.aulast=Pedersen&amp;rft.aufirst=N.+C.&amp;rft.au=Yamamoto%2C+J.+K.&amp;rft.au=Ishida%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Hansen%2C+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-129">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFWhiteley1994"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Whiteley, H. E. (1994). "Correcting misbehavior".
+                              <i
+                                >Understanding and Training Your Cat or
+                                Kitten</i
+                              >. Santa Fe: Sunstone Press. pp.&#160;146–147.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611390803"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781611390803"
+                                ><bdi>9781611390803</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Correcting+misbehavior&amp;rft.btitle=Understanding+and+Training+Your+Cat+or+Kitten&amp;rft.place=Santa+Fe&amp;rft.pages=146-147&amp;rft.pub=Sunstone+Press&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=9781611390803&amp;rft.aulast=Whiteley&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-130">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFDevlin2022"
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                href="/wiki/Hannah_Devlin"
+                                title="Hannah Devlin"
+                                >Devlin, Hannah</a
+                              >
+                              (13 October 2022).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/oct/13/cat-v-fox-what-made-downing-streets-larry-so-brave"
+                                >"Cat v fox: what made Downing Street's Larry so
+                                brave?"</a
+                              >. <i>The Guardian</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221016011130/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/oct/13/cat-v-fox-what-made-downing-streets-larry-so-brave"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 16 October 2022<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">16 October</span>
+                                2022</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Cat+v+fox%3A+what+made+Downing+Street%27s+Larry+so+brave%3F&amp;rft.date=2022-10-13&amp;rft.aulast=Devlin&amp;rft.aufirst=Hannah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2022%2Foct%2F13%2Fcat-v-fox-what-made-downing-streets-larry-so-brave&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Reis_2010-131">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Reis_2010_131-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFReisJungAristoffStocker2010"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Reis, P. M.; Jung, S.; Aristoff, J. M.; Stocker,
+                              R. (2010).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1195421"
+                                >"How cats lap: Water uptake by
+                                <i>Felis catus</i>"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Science_(journal)"
+                                  title="Science (journal)"
+                                  >Science</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. <b>330</b> (6008): 1231–1234.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Sci...330.1231R"
+                                >2010Sci...330.1231R</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1195421"
+                                  >10.1126/science.1195421</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21071630"
+                                >21071630</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1917972"
+                                >1917972</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=How+cats+lap%3A+Water+uptake+by+Felis+catus&amp;rft.volume=330&amp;rft.issue=6008&amp;rft.pages=1231-1234&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1195421&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1917972%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21071630&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010Sci...330.1231R&amp;rft.aulast=Reis&amp;rft.aufirst=P.+M.&amp;rft.au=Jung%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Aristoff%2C+J.+M.&amp;rft.au=Stocker%2C+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.1195421&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Kim_2012-132">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Kim_2012_132-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKimBush2012"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Kim, W.; Bush, J.W.M. (2012).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/80405/2/Bush_Natural%20drinking%20strategies.pdf"
+                                >"Natural drinking strategies"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Journal of Fluid Mechanics</i>. <b>705</b>:
+                              7–25.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JFM...705....7K"
+                                >2012JFM...705....7K</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fjfm.2012.122"
+                                >10.1017/jfm.2012.122</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Hdl (identifier)"
+                                >hdl</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1%2F80405"
+                                  >1721.1/80405</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14895835"
+                                >14895835</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214820/https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/80405/Bush_Natural"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 7 March 2022<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">23 September</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fluid+Mechanics&amp;rft.atitle=Natural+drinking+strategies&amp;rft.volume=705&amp;rft.pages=7-25&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1721.1%2F80405&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A14895835%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fjfm.2012.122&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012JFM...705....7K&amp;rft.aulast=Kim&amp;rft.aufirst=W.&amp;rft.au=Bush%2C+J.W.M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdspace.mit.edu%2Fbitstream%2F1721.1%2F80405%2F2%2FBush_Natural%2520drinking%2520strategies.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Zaghini-133">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Zaghini_133-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFZaghiniBiagi2005"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Zaghini, G.; Biagi, G. (2005). "Nutritional
+                              peculiarities and diet palatability in the cat".
+                              <i>Veterinary Res. Commun</i>.
+                              <b>29</b> (Supplement 2): 39–44.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11259-005-0009-1"
+                                >10.1007/s11259-005-0009-1</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16244923"
+                                >16244923</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23633719"
+                                >23633719</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Res.+Commun.&amp;rft.atitle=Nutritional+peculiarities+and+diet+palatability+in+the+cat&amp;rft.volume=29&amp;rft.issue=Supplement+2&amp;rft.pages=39-44&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23633719%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16244923&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11259-005-0009-1&amp;rft.aulast=Zaghini&amp;rft.aufirst=G.&amp;rft.au=Biagi%2C+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Kienzle_1994-134">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Kienzle_1994_134-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKienzle1994"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Kienzle, E. (1994).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903163949/http://jn.nutrition.org/content/124/12_Suppl/2563S.full.pdf"
+                                >"Blood sugar levels and renal sugar excretion
+                                after the intake of high carbohydrate diets in
+                                cats"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Journal of Nutrition</i>. <b>124</b> (12
+                              Supplement): 2563S–2567S.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjn%2F124.suppl_12.2563S"
+                                >10.1093/jn/124.suppl_12.2563S</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7996238"
+                                >7996238</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://jn.nutrition.org/content/124/12_Suppl/2563S.full.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3
+                              September 2013.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Nutrition&amp;rft.atitle=Blood+sugar+levels+and+renal+sugar+excretion+after+the+intake+of+high+carbohydrate+diets+in+cats&amp;rft.volume=124&amp;rft.issue=12+Supplement&amp;rft.pages=2563S-2567S&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjn%2F124.suppl_12.2563S&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7996238&amp;rft.aulast=Kienzle&amp;rft.aufirst=E.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjn.nutrition.org%2Fcontent%2F124%2F12_Suppl%2F2563S.full.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Bradshaw_1997-135">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_1997_135-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBradshaw1997"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Bradshaw, J. W. S. (1997). "Factors affecting
+                              pica in the domestic cat".
+                              <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>.
+                              <b>52</b> (3–4): 373–379.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2896%2901136-7"
+                                >10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01136-7</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+pica+in+the+domestic+cat&amp;rft.volume=52&amp;rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&amp;rft.pages=373-379&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2896%2901136-7&amp;rft.aulast=Bradshaw&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+W.+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Woods-136">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woods_136-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFWoodsMcDonaldHarris2003"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Woods, M.; McDonald, R. A.; Harris, S. (2003).
+                              "Predation of wildlife by domestic cats
+                              <i>Felis catus</i> in Great Britain".
+                              <i>Mammal Review</i>. <b>23</b> (2): 174–188.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2907.2003.00017.x"
+                                >10.1046/j.1365-2907.2003.00017.x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42095020"
+                                >42095020</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Mammal+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Predation+of+wildlife+by+domestic+cats+Felis+catus+in+Great+Britain&amp;rft.volume=23&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=174-188&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1365-2907.2003.00017.x&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42095020%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Woods&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.au=McDonald%2C+R.+A.&amp;rft.au=Harris%2C+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-137">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSlesnick2004"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Slesnick, I. L. (2004).
+                              <span
+                                class="id-lock-limited"
+                                title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://archive.org/details/clonescatschemic00sles/page/n16"
+                                  ><i
+                                    >Clones, Cats, and Chemicals: Thinking
+                                    scientifically about controversial issues</i
+                                  ></a
+                                ></span
+                              >. NSTA Press. p.&#160;9.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873552370"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780873552370"
+                                ><bdi>9780873552370</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Clones%2C+Cats%2C+and+Chemicals%3A+Thinking+scientifically+about+controversial+issues&amp;rft.pages=9&amp;rft.pub=NSTA+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9780873552370&amp;rft.aulast=Slesnick&amp;rft.aufirst=I.+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclonescatschemic00sles%2Fpage%2Fn16&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-138">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHill2008"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Hill, D. S. (2008).
+                              <span
+                                class="id-lock-limited"
+                                title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://archive.org/details/pestscropswarmer00hill/page/n125"
+                                  ><i
+                                    >Pests of Crops in Warmer Climates and their
+                                    Control</i
+                                  ></a
+                                ></span
+                              >
+                              (First&#160;ed.). Springer. p.&#160;120.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402067372"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781402067372"
+                                ><bdi>9781402067372</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pests+of+Crops+in+Warmer+Climates+and+their+Control&amp;rft.pages=120&amp;rft.edition=First&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=9781402067372&amp;rft.aulast=Hill&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpestscropswarmer00hill%2Fpage%2Fn125&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-139">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLearn2018"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Learn, Joshua Rapp (17 August 2018).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/cats-kill-reptiles-populations-australia-animals"
+                                >"Cats Have A Killer Impact on Reptiles:
+                                Experiments in Australia reveal that kitties are
+                                catching more than birds"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society"
+                                  title="National Geographic Society"
+                                  >NationalGeographic</a
+                                ></i
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231124225514/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/cats-kill-reptiles-populations-australia-animals"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 24 November 2023<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">24 November</span>
+                                2023</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NationalGeographic&amp;rft.atitle=Cats+Have+A+Killer+Impact+on+Reptiles%3A+Experiments+in+Australia+reveal+that+kitties+are+catching+more+than+birds&amp;rft.date=2018-08-17&amp;rft.aulast=Learn&amp;rft.aufirst=Joshua+Rapp&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fanimals%2Farticle%2Fcats-kill-reptiles-populations-australia-animals&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li
+                          id="cite_note-How_Cats_Evolved_to_Win_the_Internet-140"
+                        >
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a
+                                href="#cite_ref-How_Cats_Evolved_to_Win_the_Internet_140-0"
+                                >^</a
+                              ></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFTucker2016"
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              >Tucker, A. (2016).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/opinion/sunday/how-cats-evolved-to-win-the-internet.html"
+                                >"How cats evolved to win the Internet"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times"
+                                  title="The New York Times"
+                                  >The New York Times</a
+                                ></i
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019204937/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/16/opinion/sunday/how-cats-evolved-to-win-the-internet.html"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 19 October 2016<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">13 November</span>
+                                2016</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+cats+evolved+to+win+the+Internet&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.aulast=Tucker&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F10%2F16%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Fhow-cats-evolved-to-win-the-internet.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Turner_2000-141">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Turner_2000_141-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Turner_2000_141-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFTurnerBateson2000"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Turner, D. C.; Bateson, P., eds. (2000).
+                              <i
+                                >The Domestic Cat: The biology of its
+                                behaviour</i
+                              >
+                              (2nd&#160;ed.). Cambridge University Press.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521636483"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780521636483"
+                                ><bdi>9780521636483</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Domestic+Cat%3A+The+biology+of+its+behaviour&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9780521636483&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-NC012913-142">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-NC012913_142-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-NC012913_142-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLossWillMarra2013"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Loss, S. R.; Will, T.; Marra, P. P. (2013).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms2380"
+                                >"The impact of free-ranging domestic cats on
+                                wildlife of the United States"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Nature_Communications"
+                                  title="Nature Communications"
+                                  >Nature Communications</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. <b>4</b>: 1396.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013NatCo...4.1396L"
+                                >2013NatCo...4.1396L</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms2380"
+                                  >10.1038/ncomms2380</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23360987"
+                                >23360987</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&amp;rft.atitle=The+impact+of+free-ranging+domestic+cats+on+wildlife+of+the+United+States&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.pages=1396&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23360987&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncomms2380&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013NatCo...4.1396L&amp;rft.aulast=Loss&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+R.&amp;rft.au=Will%2C+T.&amp;rft.au=Marra%2C+P.+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fncomms2380&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Chucher_1987-143">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Chucher_1987_143-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFChucherLawton1987"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Chucher, P. B.; Lawton, J. H. (1987). "Predation
+                              by domestic cats in an English village".
+                              <i>Journal of Zoology, London</i>. <b>212</b> (3):
+                              439–455.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1987.tb02915.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb02915.x</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoology%2C+London&amp;rft.atitle=Predation+by+domestic+cats+in+an+English+village&amp;rft.volume=212&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=439-455&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1987.tb02915.x&amp;rft.aulast=Chucher&amp;rft.aufirst=P.+B.&amp;rft.au=Lawton%2C+J.+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Mead_1982_183–186-144">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Mead_1982_183–186_144-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Mead_1982_183–186_144-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMead1982"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Mead, C. J. (1982). "Ringed birds killed by
+                              cats". <i>Mammal Review</i>. <b>12</b> (4):
+                              183–186.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2907.1982.tb00014.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1365-2907.1982.tb00014.x</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Mammal+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Ringed+birds+killed+by+cats&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=183-186&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2907.1982.tb00014.x&amp;rft.aulast=Mead&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Crooks_1999-145">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Crooks_1999_145-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFCrooksSoul1999"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Crooks, K. R.; Soul, M. E. (1999).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720110246/http://www38.homepage.villanova.edu/jameson.chace/Urban%20Ecology/Crooks%26Soule_Mesopredator_release.pdf"
+                                >"Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions
+                                in a fragmented system"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Nature (Journal)</i>. <b>400</b> (6744):
+                              563–566.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Natur.400..563C"
+                                >1999Natur.400..563C</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F23028"
+                                >10.1038/23028</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4417607"
+                                >4417607</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www38.homepage.villanova.edu/jameson.chace/Urban%20Ecology/Crooks%26Soule_Mesopredator_release.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 July
+                              2011.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+%28Journal%29&amp;rft.atitle=Mesopredator+release+and+avifaunal+extinctions+in+a+fragmented+system&amp;rft.volume=400&amp;rft.issue=6744&amp;rft.pages=563-566&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4417607%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F23028&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999Natur.400..563C&amp;rft.aulast=Crooks&amp;rft.aufirst=K.+R.&amp;rft.au=Soul%2C+M.+E.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww38.homepage.villanova.edu%2Fjameson.chace%2FUrban%2520Ecology%2FCrooks%2526Soule_Mesopredator_release.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Leyhausen_1978-146">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Leyhausen_1978_146-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLeyhausen1978"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Leyhausen, P. (1978).
+                              <i
+                                >Cat Behavior: The predatory and social behavior
+                                of domestic and wild cats</i
+                              >. New York:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Garland_STPM_Press"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Garland STPM Press"
+                                >Garland STPM Press</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824070175"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780824070175"
+                                ><bdi>9780824070175</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cat+Behavior%3A+The+predatory+and+social+behavior+of+domestic+and+wild+cats&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Garland+STPM+Press&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.isbn=9780824070175&amp;rft.aulast=Leyhausen&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Morris_Catwatching_1-147">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Morris_Catwatching_1_147-0"
+                                >^</a
+                              ></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFDesmond2002"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Desmond, M. (2002).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3ysT6xTJu4C&amp;pg=PA51"
+                                >"Why does a cat play with its prey before
+                                killing it?"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Catwatching: Why cats purr and everything else
+                                you ever wanted to know</i
+                              >
+                              (2nd&#160;ed.). London: Ebury Press.
+                              pp.&#160;51–52.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409022213"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781409022213"
+                                ><bdi>9781409022213</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062240/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3ysT6xTJu4C&amp;pg=PA51"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 31 March 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">25 October</span>
+                                2020</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Why+does+a+cat+play+with+its+prey+before+killing+it%3F&amp;rft.btitle=Catwatching%3A+Why+cats+purr+and+everything+else+you+ever+wanted+to+know&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=51-52&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Ebury+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=9781409022213&amp;rft.aulast=Desmond&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ3ysT6xTJu4C%26pg%3DPA51&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-148">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFPoirierHussey1982"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Poirier, F. E.; Hussey, L. K. (1982).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j"
+                                >"Nonhuman Primate Learning: The Importance of
+                                Learning from an Evolutionary Perspective"</a
+                              >. <i>Anthropology and Education Quarterly</i>.
+                              <b>13</b> (2): 133–148.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j"
+                                  >10.1525/aeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="JSTOR (identifier)"
+                                >JSTOR</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3216627"
+                                >3216627</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Anthropology+and+Education+Quarterly&amp;rft.atitle=Nonhuman+Primate+Learning%3A+The+Importance+of+Learning+from+an+Evolutionary+Perspective&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=133-148&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3216627%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Poirier&amp;rft.aufirst=F.+E.&amp;rft.au=Hussey%2C+L.+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1525%252Faeq.1982.13.2.05x1830j&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-149">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHall1998"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Hall, S. L. (1998).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jkiTQ8dIIHsC&amp;pg=PA45"
+                                >"Object play by adult animals"</a
+                              >. In Byers, J. A.; Bekoff, M. (eds.).
+                              <i
+                                >Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative, and
+                                Ecological Perspectives</i
+                              >. Cambridge University Press. pp.&#160;45–60.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521586566"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780521586566"
+                                ><bdi>9780521586566</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126043154/https://books.google.com/books?id=jkiTQ8dIIHsC&amp;pg=PA45"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 26 January 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">25 October</span>
+                                2020</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Object+play+by+adult+animals&amp;rft.btitle=Animal+Play%3A+Evolutionary%2C+Comparative%2C+and+Ecological+Perspectives&amp;rft.pages=45-60&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=9780521586566&amp;rft.aulast=Hall&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjkiTQ8dIIHsC%26pg%3DPA45&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-150">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHall1998"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Hall, S. L. (1998). "The Influence of Hunger on
+                              Object Play by Adult Domestic Cats".
+                              <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>.
+                              <b>58</b> (1–2): 143–150.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2897%2900136-6"
+                                >10.1016/S0168-1591(97)00136-6</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&amp;rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Hunger+on+Object+Play+by+Adult+Domestic+Cats&amp;rft.volume=58&amp;rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&amp;rft.pages=143-150&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2897%2900136-6&amp;rft.aulast=Hall&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-151">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHall2002"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Hall, S. L. (2002). "Object Play in Adult
+                              Domestic Cats: The Roles of Habituation and
+                              Disinhibition".
+                              <i>Applied Animal Behaviour Science</i>.
+                              <b>79</b> (3): 263–271.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2802%2900153-3"
+                                >10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00153-3</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Object+Play+in+Adult+Domestic+Cats%3A+The+Roles+of+Habituation+and+Disinhibition&amp;rft.volume=79&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=263-271&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0168-1591%2802%2900153-3&amp;rft.aulast=Hall&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-152">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMacPhail2002"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >MacPhail, C. (2002). "Gastrointestinal
+                              obstruction".
+                              <i>Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice</i
+                              >. <b>17</b> (4): 178–183.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1053%2Fsvms.2002.36606"
+                                >10.1053/svms.2002.36606</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12587284"
+                                >12587284</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24977450"
+                                >24977450</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Clinical+Techniques+in+Small+Animal+Practice&amp;rft.atitle=Gastrointestinal+obstruction&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=178-183&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24977450%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12587284&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1053%2Fsvms.2002.36606&amp;rft.aulast=MacPhail&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Bland1979-153">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Bland1979_153-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBland1979"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Bland, K. P. (1979).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdf"
+                                >"Tom-cat odour and other pheromones in feline
+                                reproduction"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Veterinary Science Communications</i>.
+                              <b>3</b> (1): 125–136.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02268958"
+                                >10.1007/BF02268958</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22484090"
+                                >22484090</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130202521/https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 30 January 2019<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Science+Communications&amp;rft.atitle=Tom-cat+odour+and+other+pheromones+in+feline+reproduction&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=125-136&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02268958&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22484090%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Bland&amp;rft.aufirst=K.+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwern.net%2Fdocs%2Fcatnip%2F1979-bland.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Jemmett1977-154">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Jemmett1977_154-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Jemmett1977_154-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Jemmett1977_154-2"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>c</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFJemmettEvans1977"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Jemmett, J. E.; Evans, J. M. (1977). "A survey of
+                              sexual behaviour and reproduction of female cats".
+                              <i>Journal of Small Animal Practice</i>.
+                              <b>18</b> (1): 31–37.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1748-5827.1977.tb05821.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1748-5827.1977.tb05821.x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/853730"
+                                >853730</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Small+Animal+Practice&amp;rft.atitle=A+survey+of+sexual+behaviour+and+reproduction+of+female+cats&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=31-37&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1748-5827.1977.tb05821.x&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F853730&amp;rft.aulast=Jemmett&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+E.&amp;rft.au=Evans%2C+J.+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-estrous_cycle-155">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-estrous_cycle_155-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFJohnsonKutzler2022"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Johnson, A.K; Kutzler, M.A, eds. (2022). "Feline
+                              Estrous Cycle".
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/9781789247107.0002"
+                                ><i>Feline Reproduction</i></a
+                              >. pp.&#160;11–22.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1079%2F9781789247107.0002"
+                                >10.1079/9781789247107.0002</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781789247084"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781789247084"
+                                ><bdi>9781789247084</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220820105417/https://cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/9781789247107.0002"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 20 August 2022<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2023</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Feline+Estrous+Cycle&amp;rft.btitle=Feline+Reproduction&amp;rft.pages=11-22&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1079%2F9781789247107.0002&amp;rft.isbn=9781789247084&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabidigitallibrary.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1079%2F9781789247107.0002&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Aronson_1967-156">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Aronson_1967_156-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFAronsonCooper1967"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Aronson, L. R.; Cooper, M. L. (1967).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319031546/http://www.catcollection.org/files/PenileSpines.pdf"
+                                >"Penile Spines of the Domestic Cat: Their
+                                Endocrine-behavior Relations"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>The Anatomical Record</i>. <b>157</b> (1):
+                              71–78.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Far.1091570111"
+                                >10.1002/ar.1091570111</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6030760"
+                                >6030760</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13070242"
+                                >13070242</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.catcollection.org/files/PenileSpines.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 March
+                              2015.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Anatomical+Record&amp;rft.atitle=Penile+Spines+of+the+Domestic+Cat%3A+Their+Endocrine-behavior+Relations&amp;rft.volume=157&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=71-78&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13070242%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6030760&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Far.1091570111&amp;rft.aulast=Aronson&amp;rft.aufirst=L.+R.&amp;rft.au=Cooper%2C+M.+L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catcollection.org%2Ffiles%2FPenileSpines.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-compendium-157">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-compendium_157-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-compendium_157-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-compendium_157-2"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>c</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161209220101/http://vlsstore.com/Media/PublicationsArticle/PV_23_12_1049.pdf"
+                                >"Prolific Cats: The Estrous Cycle"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Veterinary
+                              Learning Systems. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://vlsstore.com/Media/PublicationsArticle/PV_23_12_1049.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9
+                              December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2009</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Prolific+Cats%3A+The+Estrous+Cycle&amp;rft.pub=Veterinary+Learning+Systems&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvlsstore.com%2FMedia%2FPublicationsArticle%2FPV_23_12_1049.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Wildt_1980-158">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Wildt_1980_158-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFWildtSeagerChakraborty1980"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Wildt, D. E.; Seager, S. W.; Chakraborty, P. K.
+                              (1980). "Effect of Copulatory Stimuli on Incidence
+                              of Ovulation and on Serum Luteinizing Hormone in
+                              the Cat". <i>Endocrinology</i>. <b>107</b> (4):
+                              1212–1217.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1210%2Fendo-107-4-1212"
+                                >10.1210/endo-107-4-1212</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7190893"
+                                >7190893</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Endocrinology&amp;rft.atitle=Effect+of+Copulatory+Stimuli+on+Incidence+of+Ovulation+and+on+Serum+Luteinizing+Hormone+in+the+Cat&amp;rft.volume=107&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=1212-1217&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1210%2Fendo-107-4-1212&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7190893&amp;rft.aulast=Wildt&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+E.&amp;rft.au=Seager%2C+S.+W.&amp;rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+P.+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-159">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSwansonRothWilt1994"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Swanson, W. F.; Roth, T. L.; Wilt, D. E. (1994).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1095%2Fbiolreprod51.3.452"
+                                >"In Vivo Embryogenesis, Embryo Migration and
+                                Embryonic Mortality in the Domestic Cat"</a
+                              >. <i>Biology of Reproduction</i>. <b>51</b> (3):
+                              452–464.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1095%2Fbiolreprod51.3.452"
+                                  >10.1095/biolreprod51.3.452</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7803616"
+                                >7803616</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Biology+of+Reproduction&amp;rft.atitle=In+Vivo+Embryogenesis%2C+Embryo+Migration+and+Embryonic+Mortality+in+the+Domestic+Cat&amp;rft.volume=51&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=452-464&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1095%2Fbiolreprod51.3.452&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7803616&amp;rft.aulast=Swanson&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+F.&amp;rft.au=Roth%2C+T.+L.&amp;rft.au=Wilt%2C+D.+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1095%252Fbiolreprod51.3.452&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Tsutsui_1993-160">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Tsutsui_1993_160-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFTsutsuiStabenfeldt1993"
+                              class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"
+                              >Tsutsui, T.; Stabenfeldt, G. H. (1993). "Biology
+                              of Ovarian Cycles, Pregnancy and pseudopregnancy
+                              in the Domestic Cat".
+                              <i>Journal of Reproduction and Fertility</i>.
+                              Supplement 47: 29–35.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8229938"
+                                >8229938</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Reproduction+and+Fertility&amp;rft.atitle=Biology+of+Ovarian+Cycles%2C+Pregnancy+and+pseudopregnancy+in+the+Domestic+Cat&amp;rft.volume=Supplement+47&amp;rft.pages=29-35&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8229938&amp;rft.aulast=Tsutsui&amp;rft.aufirst=T.&amp;rft.au=Stabenfeldt%2C+G.+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Nutter2004-161">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Nutter2004_161-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFNutterLevineStoskopf2004"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Nutter, F. B.; Levine, J. F.; Stoskopf, M. K.
+                              (2004). "Reproductive capacity of free-roaming
+                              domestic cats and kitten survival rate".
+                              <i
+                                >Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
+                                Association</i
+                              >. <b>225</b> (9): 1399–1402.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="CiteSeerX (identifier)"
+                                >CiteSeerX</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.204.1281"
+                                  >10.1.1.204.1281</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2004.225.1399"
+                                >10.2460/javma.2004.225.1399</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15552315"
+                                >15552315</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1903272"
+                                >1903272</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&amp;rft.atitle=Reproductive+capacity+of+free-roaming+domestic+cats+and+kitten+survival+rate&amp;rft.volume=225&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.pages=1399-1402&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.204.1281%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1903272%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15552315&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.2004.225.1399&amp;rft.aulast=Nutter&amp;rft.aufirst=F.+B.&amp;rft.au=Levine%2C+J.+F.&amp;rft.au=Stoskopf%2C+M.+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-162">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBehrendWegler1991"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Behrend, K.; Wegler, M. (1991).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/completebookofca00behr/page/28"
+                                >"Living with a Cat"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >The Complete Book of Cat Care: How to Raise a
+                                Happy and Healthy Cat</i
+                              >. Hauppauge, New York:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Barron%27s_Educational_Series"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Barron&#39;s Educational Series"
+                                >Barron's Educational Series</a
+                              >. pp.&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/completebookofca00behr/page/28"
+                                >28–29</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812046137"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780812046137"
+                                ><bdi>9780812046137</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Living+with+a+Cat&amp;rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+Cat+Care%3A+How+to+Raise+a+Happy+and+Healthy+Cat&amp;rft.place=Hauppauge%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pages=28-29&amp;rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=9780812046137&amp;rft.aulast=Behrend&amp;rft.aufirst=K.&amp;rft.au=Wegler%2C+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletebookofca00behr%2Fpage%2F28&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-163">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFOlsonKustritzJohnston2001"
+                              class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"
+                              >Olson, P. N.; Kustritz, M. V.; Johnston, S. D.
+                              (2001). "Early-age Neutering of Dogs and Cats in
+                              the United States (A Review)".
+                              <i>Journal of Reproduction and Fertility</i>.
+                              Supplement 57: 223–232.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11787153"
+                                >11787153</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Reproduction+and+Fertility&amp;rft.atitle=Early-age+Neutering+of+Dogs+and+Cats+in+the+United+States+%28A+Review%29&amp;rft.volume=Supplement+57&amp;rft.pages=223-232&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11787153&amp;rft.aulast=Olson&amp;rft.aufirst=P.+N.&amp;rft.au=Kustritz%2C+M.+V.&amp;rft.au=Johnston%2C+S.+D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-164">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFRoot_Kustritz2007"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Root Kustritz, M. V. (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100713133619/http://www.imom.org/spay-neuter/pdf/kustritz.pdf"
+                                >"Determining the optimal age for gonadectomy of
+                                dogs and cats"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i
+                                >Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
+                                Association</i
+                              >. <b>231</b> (11): 1665–1675.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.231.11.1665"
+                                >10.2460/javma.231.11.1665</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18052800"
+                                >18052800</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4651194"
+                                >4651194</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.imom.org/spay-neuter/pdf/kustritz.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 July
+                              2010.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&amp;rft.atitle=Determining+the+optimal+age+for+gonadectomy+of+dogs+and+cats&amp;rft.volume=231&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.pages=1665-1675&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4651194%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18052800&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.231.11.1665&amp;rft.aulast=Root+Kustritz&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+V.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imom.org%2Fspay-neuter%2Fpdf%2Fkustritz.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-165">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFChuAndersonRieser2009"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Chu, K.; Anderson, W. M.; Rieser, M. Y. (2009).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.234.8.1023"
+                                >"Population characteristics and neuter status
+                                of cats living in households in the United
+                                States"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
+                                Association</i
+                              >. <b>234</b> (8): 1023–1030.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.234.8.1023"
+                                  >10.2460/javma.234.8.1023</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19366332"
+                                >19366332</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39208758"
+                                >39208758</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&amp;rft.atitle=Population+characteristics+and+neuter+status+of+cats+living+in+households+in+the+United+States&amp;rft.volume=234&amp;rft.issue=8&amp;rft.pages=1023-1030&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A39208758%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19366332&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.234.8.1023&amp;rft.aulast=Chu&amp;rft.aufirst=K.&amp;rft.au=Anderson%2C+W.+M.&amp;rft.au=Rieser%2C+M.+Y.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2460%252Fjavma.234.8.1023&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Kraft1998-166">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Kraft1998_166-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Kraft1998_166-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Kraft1998_166-2"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>c</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKraft1998"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Kraft, W. (1998). "Geriatrics in canine and
+                              feline internal medicine".
+                              <i>European Journal of Medical Research</i>.
+                              <b>3</b> (1–2): 31–41.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9512965"
+                                >9512965</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Medical+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Geriatrics+in+canine+and+feline+internal+medicine&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&amp;rft.pages=31-41&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9512965&amp;rft.aulast=Kraft&amp;rft.aufirst=W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Nassar_1984-167">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Nassar_1984_167-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFNassarMosierWilliams1984"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Nassar, R.; Mosier, J. E.; Williams, L. W.
+                              (1984). "Study of the feline and canine
+                              populations in the greater Las Vegas area".
+                              <i>American Journal of Veterinary Research</i>.
+                              <b>45</b> (2): 282–287.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6711951"
+                                >6711951</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Study+of+the+feline+and+canine+populations+in+the+greater+Las+Vegas+area&amp;rft.volume=45&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=282-287&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6711951&amp;rft.aulast=Nassar&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft.au=Mosier%2C+J.+E.&amp;rft.au=Williams%2C+L.+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-168">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFO&#39;NeillChurchMcGreevyThomson2014"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >O'Neill, Dan G; Church, David B; McGreevy, Paul
+                              D; Thomson, Peter C; Brodbelt, David C (2014).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10816413"
+                                >"Longevity and mortality of cats attending
+                                primary care veterinary practices in England"</a
+                              >. <i>Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery</i>.
+                              <b>17</b> (2): 125–133.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1098612X14536176"
+                                  >10.1177/1098612X14536176</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10816413"
+                                  >10816413</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24925771"
+                                >24925771</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Feline+Medicine+and+Surgery&amp;rft.atitle=Longevity+and+mortality+of+cats+attending+primary+care+veterinary+practices+in+England&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=125-133&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10816413%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24925771&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1098612X14536176&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Neill&amp;rft.aufirst=Dan+G&amp;rft.au=Church%2C+David+B&amp;rft.au=McGreevy%2C+Paul+D&amp;rft.au=Thomson%2C+Peter+C&amp;rft.au=Brodbelt%2C+David+C&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC10816413&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-169">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMontoyaMorrisonArrignonSpofford2023"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Montoya, M.; Morrison, J. A.; Arrignon, F.;
+                              Spofford, N.; C., H.; Hours, M.-A.; Biourge, V.
+                              (2023).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9989186"
+                                >"Life expectancy tables for dogs and cats
+                                derived from clinical data"</a
+                              >. <i>Frontiers in Veterinary Science</i>.
+                              <b>10</b>: 1082102.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffvets.2023.1082102"
+                                  >10.3389/fvets.2023.1082102</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9989186"
+                                  >9989186</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36896289"
+                                >36896289</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Veterinary+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Life+expectancy+tables+for+dogs+and+cats+derived+from+clinical+data&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.pages=1082102&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9989186%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36896289&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffvets.2023.1082102&amp;rft.aulast=Montoya&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.au=Morrison%2C+J.+A.&amp;rft.au=Arrignon%2C+F.&amp;rft.au=Spofford%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=C.%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Hours%2C+M.-A.&amp;rft.au=Biourge%2C+V.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9989186&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Obesity1-170">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Obesity1_170-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFVendraminiAmaralPedrinelliZafalon2020"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Vendramini, Thiago H. A.; Amaral, Andressa R.;
+                              Pedrinelli, Vivian; Zafalon, Rafael V. A.;
+                              Rodrigues, Roberta B. A.; Brunetto, Marcio A. (14
+                              January 2020). "Neutering in dogs and cats:
+                              current scientific evidence and importance of
+                              adequate nutritional management".
+                              <i>Nutrition Research Reviews</i>. <b>33</b> (1).
+                              Cambridge University Press (CUP): 134–144.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0954422419000271"
+                                >10.1017/s0954422419000271</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0954-4224"
+                                >0954-4224</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31931899"
+                                >31931899</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Research+Reviews&amp;rft.atitle=Neutering+in+dogs+and+cats%3A+current+scientific+evidence+and+importance+of+adequate+nutritional+management&amp;rft.volume=33&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=134-144&amp;rft.date=2020-01-14&amp;rft.issn=0954-4224&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31931899&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0954422419000271&amp;rft.aulast=Vendramini&amp;rft.aufirst=Thiago+H.+A.&amp;rft.au=Amaral%2C+Andressa+R.&amp;rft.au=Pedrinelli%2C+Vivian&amp;rft.au=Zafalon%2C+Rafael+V.+A.&amp;rft.au=Rodrigues%2C+Roberta+B.+A.&amp;rft.au=Brunetto%2C+Marcio+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-171">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHoenigFerguson2002"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Hoenig, Margarethe; Ferguson, Duncan C. (1 May
+                              2002). "Effects of neutering on hormonal
+                              concentrations and energy requirements in male and
+                              female cats".
+                              <i>American Journal of Veterinary Research</i>.
+                              <b>63</b> (5). American Veterinary Medical
+                              Association (AVMA): 634–639.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fajvr.2002.63.634"
+                                >10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.634</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-9645"
+                                >0002-9645</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12013460"
+                                >12013460</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Veterinary+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Effects+of+neutering+on+hormonal+concentrations+and+energy+requirements+in+male+and+female+cats&amp;rft.volume=63&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=634-639&amp;rft.date=2002-05-01&amp;rft.issn=0002-9645&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12013460&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fajvr.2002.63.634&amp;rft.aulast=Hoenig&amp;rft.aufirst=Margarethe&amp;rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Duncan+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Obesity2-172">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Obesity2_172-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHarperStackWatsonMoxham2001"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Harper, E. J.; Stack, D. M.; Watson, T. D. G.;
+                              Moxham, G. (2001). "Effects of feeding regimens on
+                              bodyweight, composition and condition score in
+                              cats following ovariohysterectomy".
+                              <i>Journal of Small Animal Practice</i>.
+                              <b>42</b> (9). Wiley: 433–438.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1748-5827.2001.tb02496.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb02496.x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4510"
+                                >0022-4510</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11570385"
+                                >11570385</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Small+Animal+Practice&amp;rft.atitle=Effects+of+feeding+regimens+on+bodyweight%2C+composition+and+condition+score+in+cats+following+ovariohysterectomy&amp;rft.volume=42&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.pages=433-438&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.issn=0022-4510&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11570385&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1748-5827.2001.tb02496.x&amp;rft.aulast=Harper&amp;rft.aufirst=E.+J.&amp;rft.au=Stack%2C+D.+M.&amp;rft.au=Watson%2C+T.+D.+G.&amp;rft.au=Moxham%2C+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Obesity3-173">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Obesity3_173-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Obesity3_173-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFFettmanStantonBanksHamar1997"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Fettman, M.J; Stanton, C.A; Banks, L.L; Hamar,
+                              D.W; Johnson, D.E; Hegstad, R.L; Johnston, S
+                              (1997). "Effects of neutering on bodyweight,
+                              metabolic rate and glucose tolerance of domestic
+                              cats". <i>Research in Veterinary Science</i>.
+                              <b>62</b> (2). Elsevier BV: 131–136.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0034-5288%2897%2990134-x"
+                                >10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90134-x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-5288"
+                                >0034-5288</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9243711"
+                                >9243711</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Research+in+Veterinary+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Effects+of+neutering+on+bodyweight%2C+metabolic+rate+and+glucose+tolerance+of+domestic+cats&amp;rft.volume=62&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=131-136&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.issn=0034-5288&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9243711&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0034-5288%2897%2990134-x&amp;rft.aulast=Fettman&amp;rft.aufirst=M.J&amp;rft.au=Stanton%2C+C.A&amp;rft.au=Banks%2C+L.L&amp;rft.au=Hamar%2C+D.W&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+D.E&amp;rft.au=Hegstad%2C+R.L&amp;rft.au=Johnston%2C+S&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Obesity4-174">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Obesity4_174-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFKanchukBackusMorrisRogers2003"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Kanchuk, Marc L.; Backus, Robert C.; Morris,
+                              James G.; Rogers, Quinton R.; Calvert, Christopher
+                              C. (2003).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjn%2F133.6.1866"
+                                >"Weight Gain in Gonadectomized Normal and
+                                Lipoprotein Lipase–Deficient Male Domestic Cats
+                                Results from Increased Food Intake and Not
+                                Decreased Energy Expenditure"</a
+                              >. <i>The Journal of Nutrition</i>.
+                              <b>133</b> (6). Elsevier BV: 1866–1874.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjn%2F133.6.1866"
+                                  >10.1093/jn/133.6.1866</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3166"
+                                >0022-3166</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12771331"
+                                >12771331</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Nutrition&amp;rft.atitle=Weight+Gain+in+Gonadectomized+Normal+and+Lipoprotein+Lipase%E2%80%93Deficient+Male+Domestic+Cats+Results+from+Increased+Food+Intake+and+Not+Decreased+Energy+Expenditure&amp;rft.volume=133&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=1866-1874&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.issn=0022-3166&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12771331&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjn%2F133.6.1866&amp;rft.aulast=Kanchuk&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc+L.&amp;rft.au=Backus%2C+Robert+C.&amp;rft.au=Morris%2C+James+G.&amp;rft.au=Rogers%2C+Quinton+R.&amp;rft.au=Calvert%2C+Christopher+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fjn%252F133.6.1866&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Obesity5-175">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Obesity5_175-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFÖhlundPalmgrenHolst2018"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Öhlund, Malin; Palmgren, Malin; Holst, Bodil
+                              Ström (19 January 2018).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5775588"
+                                >"Overweight in adult cats: a cross-sectional
+                                study"</a
+                              >. <i>Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica</i>.
+                              <b>60</b> (1): 5.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13028-018-0359-7"
+                                  >10.1186/s13028-018-0359-7</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-0147"
+                                >1751-0147</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5775588"
+                                  >5775588</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29351768"
+                                >29351768</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Acta+Veterinaria+Scandinavica&amp;rft.atitle=Overweight+in+adult+cats%3A+a+cross-sectional+study&amp;rft.volume=60&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.date=2018-01-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5775588%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=1751-0147&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29351768&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs13028-018-0359-7&amp;rft.aulast=%C3%96hlund&amp;rft.aufirst=Malin&amp;rft.au=Palmgren%2C+Malin&amp;rft.au=Holst%2C+Bodil+Str%C3%B6m&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5775588&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-176">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMurraySkillingsGruffydd-Jones2008"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Murray, J. K.; Skillings, E.; Gruffydd-Jones, T.
+                              J. (2008). "Opinions of veterinarians about the
+                              age at which kittens should be neutered".
+                              <i>Veterinary Record</i>. <b>163</b> (13):
+                              381–385.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fvr.163.13.381"
+                                >10.1136/vr.163.13.381</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-4900"
+                                >0042-4900</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18820325"
+                                >18820325</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Record&amp;rft.atitle=Opinions+of+veterinarians+about+the+age+at+which+kittens+should+be+neutered&amp;rft.volume=163&amp;rft.issue=13&amp;rft.pages=381-385&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.issn=0042-4900&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18820325&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fvr.163.13.381&amp;rft.aulast=Murray&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+K.&amp;rft.au=Skillings%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Gruffydd-Jones%2C+T.+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-177">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFO&#39;BrienJohnsonDriscollPontius2008"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >O'Brien, S. J.; Johnson, W.; Driscoll, C.;
+                              Pontius, J.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Menotti-Raymond,
+                              M. (2008).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7126825"
+                                >"State of Cat Genomics"</a
+                              >. <i>Trends in Genetics</i>. <b>24</b> (6):
+                              268–279.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tig.2008.03.004"
+                                >10.1016/j.tig.2008.03.004</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7126825"
+                                  >7126825</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18471926"
+                                >18471926</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=State+of+Cat+Genomics&amp;rft.volume=24&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=268-279&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7126825%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18471926&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tig.2008.03.004&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Brien&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+J.&amp;rft.au=Johnson%2C+W.&amp;rft.au=Driscoll%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Pontius%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Pecon-Slattery%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Menotti-Raymond%2C+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7126825&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-178">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSewellHaskinsGiger2007"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Sewell, A. C.; Haskins, M. E.; Giger, U. (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3132193"
+                                >"Inherited Metabolic Disease in Companion
+                                Animals: Searching for Nature's Mistakes"</a
+                              >. <i>Veterinary Journal</i>. <b>174</b> (2):
+                              252–259.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2006.08.017"
+                                >10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.08.017</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3132193"
+                                  >3132193</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17085062"
+                                >17085062</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Inherited+Metabolic+Disease+in+Companion+Animals%3A+Searching+for+Nature%27s+Mistakes&amp;rft.volume=174&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=252-259&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3132193%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17085062&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tvjl.2006.08.017&amp;rft.aulast=Sewell&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+C.&amp;rft.au=Haskins%2C+M.+E.&amp;rft.au=Giger%2C+U.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3132193&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-179">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFO&#39;BrienMenotti-RaymondMurphyYuhki2002"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >O'Brien, S. J.; Menotti-Raymond, M.; Murphy, W.
+                              J.; Yuhki, N. (2002).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://zenodo.org/record/1234973"
+                                >"The Feline Genome Project"</a
+                              >. <i>Annual Review of Genetics</i>. <b>36</b>:
+                              657–686.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.genet.36.060602.145553"
+                                >10.1146/annurev.genet.36.060602.145553</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12359739"
+                                >12359739</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191005230324/https://zenodo.org/record/1234973"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 5 October 2019<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=The+Feline+Genome+Project&amp;rft.volume=36&amp;rft.pages=657-686&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.genet.36.060602.145553&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12359739&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Brien&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+J.&amp;rft.au=Menotti-Raymond%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Murphy%2C+W.+J.&amp;rft.au=Yuhki%2C+N.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1234973&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-180">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHuston2012"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Huston, L. (2012).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.petmd.com/blogs/thedailyvet/lhuston/2012/dec/veterinary-care-for-your-new-cat-29565"
+                                >"Veterinary Care for Your New Cat"</a
+                              >. <i>PetMD</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170508122739/http://www.petmd.com/blogs/thedailyvet/lhuston/2012/dec/veterinary-care-for-your-new-cat-29565"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 8 May 2017<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">31 January</span>
+                                2017</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PetMD&amp;rft.atitle=Veterinary+Care+for+Your+New+Cat&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.aulast=Huston&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.petmd.com%2Fblogs%2Fthedailyvet%2Flhuston%2F2012%2Fdec%2Fveterinary-care-for-your-new-cat-29565&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-181">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSay2002"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Say, L. (2002). "Spatio-temporal variation in cat
+                              population density in a sub-Antarctic
+                              environment". <i>Polar Biology</i>. <b>25</b> (2):
+                              90–95.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PoBio..25...90S"
+                                >2002PoBio..25...90S</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs003000100316"
+                                >10.1007/s003000100316</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22448763"
+                                >22448763</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Polar+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=Spatio-temporal+variation+in+cat+population+density+in+a+sub-Antarctic+environment&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=90-95&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22448763%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs003000100316&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002PoBio..25...90S&amp;rft.aulast=Say&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-182">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFFrenotChownWhinamSelkirk2005"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Frenot, Y.; Chown, S. L.; Whinam, J.; Selkirk, P.
+                              M.; Convey, P.; Skotnicki, M.; Bergstrom, D. M.
+                              (2005).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1464793104006542"
+                                >"Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent,
+                                Impacts and Implications"</a
+                              >. <i>Biological Reviews</i>. <b>80</b> (1):
+                              45–72.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1464793104006542"
+                                  >10.1017/S1464793104006542</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15727038"
+                                >15727038</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5574897"
+                                >5574897</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Biological+Reviews&amp;rft.atitle=Biological+Invasions+in+the+Antarctic%3A+Extent%2C+Impacts+and+Implications&amp;rft.volume=80&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=45-72&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5574897%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15727038&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1464793104006542&amp;rft.aulast=Frenot&amp;rft.aufirst=Y.&amp;rft.au=Chown%2C+S.+L.&amp;rft.au=Whinam%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Selkirk%2C+P.+M.&amp;rft.au=Convey%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Skotnicki%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Bergstrom%2C+D.+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS1464793104006542&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-183">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMedinaBonnaudVidalTershy2011"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Medina, F. M.; Bonnaud, E.; Vidal, E.; Tershy, B.
+                              R.;
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Erika_Zavaleta"
+                                title="Erika Zavaleta"
+                                >Zavaleta, E.</a
+                              >; Josh Donlan, C.; Keitt, B. S.; Le Corre, M.;
+                              Horwath, S. V.; Nogales, M. (2011). "A global
+                              review of the impacts of invasive cats on island
+                              endangered vertebrates".
+                              <i>Global Change Biology</i>. <b>17</b> (11):
+                              3503–3510.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GCBio..17.3503M"
+                                >2011GCBio..17.3503M</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="CiteSeerX (identifier)"
+                                >CiteSeerX</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.701.4082"
+                                  >10.1.1.701.4082</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2486.2011.02464.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:323316"
+                                >323316</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Global+Change+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=A+global+review+of+the+impacts+of+invasive+cats+on+island+endangered+vertebrates&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.pages=3503-3510&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.701.4082%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A323316%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2486.2011.02464.x&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011GCBio..17.3503M&amp;rft.aulast=Medina&amp;rft.aufirst=F.+M.&amp;rft.au=Bonnaud%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Vidal%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Tershy%2C+B.+R.&amp;rft.au=Zavaleta%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Josh+Donlan%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Keitt%2C+B.+S.&amp;rft.au=Le+Corre%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Horwath%2C+S.+V.&amp;rft.au=Nogales%2C+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-184">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFNogalesMartinTershyDonlan2004"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Nogales, M.; Martin, A.; Tershy, B. R.; Donlan,
+                              C. J.; Veitch, D.; Uerta, N.; Wood, B.; Alonso, J.
+                              (2004).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf"
+                                >"A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on
+                                Islands"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Conservation Biology</i>. <b>18</b> (2):
+                              310–319.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004ConBi..18..310N"
+                                >2004ConBi..18..310N</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2004.00442.x"
+                                >10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Hdl (identifier)"
+                                >hdl</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F22249"
+                                  >10261/22249</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11594286"
+                                >11594286</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191206034647/https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 6 December 2019<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">24 September</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=A+Review+of+Feral+Cat+Eradication+on+Islands&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=310-319&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10261%2F22249&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11594286%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2004.00442.x&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004ConBi..18..310N&amp;rft.aulast=Nogales&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft.au=Martin%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Tershy%2C+B.+R.&amp;rft.au=Donlan%2C+C.+J.&amp;rft.au=Veitch%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Uerta%2C+N.&amp;rft.au=Wood%2C+B.&amp;rft.au=Alonso%2C+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.csic.es%2Fbitstream%2F10261%2F22249%2F1%2FCBL-2004-18-310.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-ISSG_2006-185">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-ISSG_2006_185-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFInvasive_Species_Specialist_Group2006"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Invasive Species Specialist Group (2006).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&amp;fr=1&amp;sts=sss"
+                                >"Ecology of <i>Felis catus</i>"</a
+                              >. <i>Global Invasive Species Database</i>.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/IUCN_Species_Survival_Commission"
+                                title="IUCN Species Survival Commission"
+                                >Species Survival Commission</a
+                              >,
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature"
+                                title="International Union for Conservation of Nature"
+                                >International Union for Conservation of
+                                Nature</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027123405/http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&amp;fr=1&amp;sts=sss"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 27 October 2009<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2009</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Global+Invasive+Species+Database&amp;rft.atitle=Ecology+of+Felis+catus&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.au=Invasive+Species+Specialist+Group&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.issg.org%2Fdatabase%2Fspecies%2Fecology.asp%3Fsi%3D24%26fr%3D1%26sts%3Dsss&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Kruger-186">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kruger_186-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLe_RouxFoxcraftHerbstMacfadyen2014"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Le Roux, Johannes J.; Foxcraft, Llewellyn C.;
+                              Herbst, Marna; Macfadyen, Sandra (19 August 2014).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270912183"
+                                >"Genetic analysis shows low levels of
+                                hybridization between African wildcats (Felis
+                                silvestris lybica) and domestic cats (F. s.
+                                catus) in South Africa"</a
+                              >. <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>. <b>5</b> (2):
+                              288–299.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fece3.1275"
+                                >10.1002/ece3.1275</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4314262"
+                                  >4314262</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25691958"
+                                >25691958</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214831/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270912183_Genetic_analysis_shows_low_levels_of_hybridization_between_African_wildcats_Felis_silvestris_lybica_and_domestic_cats_F_s_catus_in_South_Africa"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 7 March 2022<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">14 November</span>
+                                2021</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ecology+and+Evolution&amp;rft.atitle=Genetic+analysis+shows+low+levels+of+hybridization+between+African+wildcats+%28Felis+silvestris+lybica%29+and+domestic+cats+%28F.+s.+catus%29+in+South+Africa&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=288-299&amp;rft.date=2014-08-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4314262%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25691958&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fece3.1275&amp;rft.aulast=Le+Roux&amp;rft.aufirst=Johannes+J.&amp;rft.au=Foxcraft%2C+Llewellyn+C.&amp;rft.au=Herbst%2C+Marna&amp;rft.au=Macfadyen%2C+Sandra&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F270912183&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-contr-ext-187">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-contr-ext_187-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-contr-ext_187-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFDohertyGlenNimmoRitchie2016"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Doherty, T. S.; Glen, A. S.; Nimmo, D. G.;
+                              Ritchie, E. G.; Dickman, C. R. (2016).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5056110"
+                                >"Invasive predators and global biodiversity
+                                loss"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                >Proceedings of the National Academy of
+                                Sciences</i
+                              >. <b>113</b> (40): 11261–11265.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PNAS..11311261D"
+                                >2016PNAS..11311261D</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1602480113"
+                                  >10.1073/pnas.1602480113</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5056110"
+                                  >5056110</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27638204"
+                                >27638204</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&amp;rft.atitle=Invasive+predators+and+global+biodiversity+loss&amp;rft.volume=113&amp;rft.issue=40&amp;rft.pages=11261-11265&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5056110%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27638204&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1602480113&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016PNAS..11311261D&amp;rft.aulast=Doherty&amp;rft.aufirst=T.+S.&amp;rft.au=Glen%2C+A.+S.&amp;rft.au=Nimmo%2C+D.+G.&amp;rft.au=Ritchie%2C+E.+G.&amp;rft.au=Dickman%2C+C.+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5056110&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Rochlitz-188">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Rochlitz_188-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Rochlitz_188-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFRochlitz2007"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Rochlitz, I. (2007). <i>The Welfare of Cats</i>.
+                              "Animal Welfare" series. Berlin:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media"
+                                title="Springer Science+Business Media"
+                                >Springer Science+Business Media</a
+                              >. pp.&#160;141–175.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402061431"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781402061431"
+                                ><bdi>9781402061431</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="OCLC (identifier)"
+                                >OCLC</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/262679891"
+                                >262679891</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Welfare+of+Cats&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.series=%22Animal+Welfare%22+series&amp;rft.pages=141-175&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F262679891&amp;rft.isbn=9781402061431&amp;rft.aulast=Rochlitz&amp;rft.aufirst=I.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-hsus-feral-189">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-hsus-feral_189-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501093143/http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat"
+                                >"What is the difference between a stray cat and
+                                a feral cat?"</a
+                              >. <i>HSUS.org</i>.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States"
+                                title="Humane Society of the United States"
+                                >Humane Society of the United States</a
+                              >. 2 January 2008. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 1 May 2008.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=HSUS.org&amp;rft.atitle=What+is+the+difference+between+a+stray+cat+and+a+feral+cat%3F&amp;rft.date=2008-01-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsus.org%2Fpets%2Fissues_affecting_our_pets%2Fferal_cats%2Fferal_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html%231_What_is_a_feral_cat&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-190">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090122203413/http://www.romancats.com/index_eng.php"
+                                >"Torre Argentina cat shelter"</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.romancats.com/index_eng.php"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 22 January 2009<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2009</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Torre+Argentina+cat+shelter.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romancats.com%2Findex_eng.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-191">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSlaterShain2003"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Slater, Margaret R.; Shain, Stephanie (November
+                              2003).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061110230426/http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/hsp/SOA_3-2005_Chap4.pdf"
+                                >"Feral Cats: An Overview (4)"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Rowan,
+                              Andrew N.; Salem, Deborah J. (eds.).
+                              <i>The State of the Animals II: 2003</i>. Humane
+                              Society of the United States.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780965894272"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780965894272"
+                                ><bdi>9780965894272</bdi></a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/hsp/SOA_3-2005_Chap4.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10
+                              November 2006.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Feral+Cats%3A+An+Overview+%284%29&amp;rft.btitle=The+State+of+the+Animals+II%3A+2003&amp;rft.pub=Humane+Society+of+the+United+States&amp;rft.date=2003-11&amp;rft.isbn=9780965894272&amp;rft.aulast=Slater&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret+R.&amp;rft.au=Shain%2C+Stephanie&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsus.org%2Fweb-files%2FPDF%2Fhsp%2FSOA_3-2005_Chap4.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Fitzgerald-192">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Fitzgerald_192-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFFitzgeraldTurner"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Fitzgerald, M. B.; Turner, Dennis C. "Hunting
+                              Behaviour of Domestic Cats and Their Impact on
+                              Prey Populations". In Turner, Dennis C.; Bateson,
+                              Patrick P. G. (eds.).
+                              <i
+                                >The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its
+                                Behaviour</i
+                              >. pp.&#160;151–175.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Hunting+Behaviour+of+Domestic+Cats+and+Their+Impact+on+Prey+Populations&amp;rft.btitle=The+Domestic+Cat%3A+The+Biology+of+its+Behaviour&amp;rft.pages=151-175&amp;rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+B.&amp;rft.au=Turner%2C+Dennis+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-193">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFCourchampLanglaisSugihara1999"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Courchamp, F.; Langlais, M.; Sugihara, G. (1999).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2656.1999.00285.x"
+                                >"Cats protecting birds: Modelling the
+                                mesopredator release effect"</a
+                              >. <i>Journal of Animal Ecology</i>.
+                              <b>68</b> (2): 282–292.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Bibcode (identifier)"
+                                >Bibcode</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JAnEc..68..282C"
+                                >1999JAnEc..68..282C</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2656.1999.00285.x"
+                                  >10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00285.x</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="S2CID (identifier)"
+                                >S2CID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31313856"
+                                >31313856</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Ecology&amp;rft.atitle=Cats+protecting+birds%3A+Modelling+the+mesopredator+release+effect&amp;rft.volume=68&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=282-292&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31313856%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1365-2656.1999.00285.x&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999JAnEc..68..282C&amp;rft.aulast=Courchamp&amp;rft.aufirst=F.&amp;rft.au=Langlais%2C+M.&amp;rft.au=Sugihara%2C+G.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.1365-2656.1999.00285.x&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-194">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFStattersfieldCrosbyLongWege1998"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Stattersfield, A. J.; Crosby, M. J.; Long, A. J.;
+                              Wege, D. C. (1998).
+                              <i
+                                >Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for
+                                Biodiversity Conservation</i
+                              >. "BirdLife Conservation" series No. 7.
+                              Cambridge, England: Burlington Press.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780946888337"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780946888337"
+                                ><bdi>9780946888337</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Endemic+Bird+Areas+of+the+World%3A+Priorities+for+Biodiversity+Conservation&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&amp;rft.series=%22BirdLife+Conservation%22+series+No.+7&amp;rft.pub=Burlington+Press&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=9780946888337&amp;rft.aulast=Stattersfield&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+J.&amp;rft.au=Crosby%2C+M.+J.&amp;rft.au=Long%2C+A.+J.&amp;rft.au=Wege%2C+D.+C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-195">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                            /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFFalla1955"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Falla, R. A. (1955).
+                              <i>New Zealand Bird Life Past and Present</i>.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Cawthron_Institute"
+                                title="Cawthron Institute"
+                                >Cawthron Institute</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Bird+Life+Past+and+Present&amp;rft.pub=Cawthron+Institute&amp;rft.date=1955&amp;rft.aulast=Falla&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                            ><sup
+                              class="noprint Inline-Template"
+                              style="white-space: nowrap"
+                              >&#91;<i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources"
+                                  title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"
+                                  ><span
+                                    title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2014)"
+                                    >page&#160;needed</span
+                                  ></a
+                                ></i
+                              >&#93;</sup
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-196">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGalbreathBrown2004"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Galbreath, R.; Brown, D. (2004).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081017221501/http://www.notornis.org.nz/free_issues/Notornis_51-2004/Notornis_51_4_193.pdf"
+                                >"The Tale of the Lighthouse-keeper's Cat:
+                                Discovery and Extinction of the Stephens Island
+                                Wren (<i>Traversia lyalli</i>)"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <i>Notornis</i>. <b>51</b>: 193–200. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.notornis.org.nz/free_issues/Notornis_51-2004/Notornis_51_4_193.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17
+                              October 2008.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Notornis&amp;rft.atitle=The+Tale+of+the+Lighthouse-keeper%27s+Cat%3A+Discovery+and+Extinction+of+the+Stephens+Island+Wren+%28Traversia+lyalli%29&amp;rft.volume=51&amp;rft.pages=193-200&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.aulast=Galbreath&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft.au=Brown%2C+D.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.notornis.org.nz%2Ffree_issues%2FNotornis_51-2004%2FNotornis_51_4_193.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-197">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFScrimgeourBeathSwanney2012"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Scrimgeour, J.; Beath, A.; Swanney, M. (2012).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03014223.2011.649770"
+                                >"Cat predation of short-tailed bats (<i
+                                  >Mystacina tuberculata rhyocobia</i
+                                >) in Rangataua Forest, Mount Ruapehu, Central
+                                North Island, New Zealand"</a
+                              >. <i>New Zealand Journal of Zoology</i>.
+                              <b>39</b> (3): 257–260.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03014223.2011.649770"
+                                  >10.1080/03014223.2011.649770</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Zoology&amp;rft.atitle=Cat+predation+of+short-tailed+bats+%28Mystacina+tuberculata+rhyocobia%29+in+Rangataua+Forest%2C+Mount+Ruapehu%2C+Central+North+Island%2C+New+Zealand&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=257-260&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03014223.2011.649770&amp;rft.aulast=Scrimgeour&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rft.au=Beath%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Swanney%2C+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F03014223.2011.649770&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-198">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFWoinarskiMurphyPalmerLegge2018"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Woinarski, J. C. Z.; Murphy, B. P.; Palmer, R.;
+                              Legge, S. M.; Dickman, C. R.; Doherty, T. S.;
+                              Edwards, G.; Nankivell, A.; Read, J. L.; Stokeld,
+                              D. (2018). "How many reptiles are killed by cats
+                              in Australia?". <i>Wildlife Research</i>.
+                              <b>45</b> (3). CSIRO Publishing: 247.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2Fwr17160"
+                                >10.1071/wr17160</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1035-3712"
+                                >1035-3712</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Research&amp;rft.atitle=How+many+reptiles+are+killed+by+cats+in+Australia%3F&amp;rft.volume=45&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=247&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2Fwr17160&amp;rft.issn=1035-3712&amp;rft.aulast=Woinarski&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+C.+Z.&amp;rft.au=Murphy%2C+B.+P.&amp;rft.au=Palmer%2C+R.&amp;rft.au=Legge%2C+S.+M.&amp;rft.au=Dickman%2C+C.+R.&amp;rft.au=Doherty%2C+T.+S.&amp;rft.au=Edwards%2C+G.&amp;rft.au=Nankivell%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Read%2C+J.+L.&amp;rft.au=Stokeld%2C+D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-NYT-199">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_199-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFWade2007"
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              >Wade, N. (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418082840/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html"
+                                >"Study Traces Cat's Ancestry to Middle East"</a
+                              >. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/science/29cat.html"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 18 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2008</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Study+Traces+Cat%27s+Ancestry+to+Middle+East&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Wade&amp;rft.aufirst=N.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F29%2Fscience%2F29cat.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-200">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp"
+                                >"Pet Industry Market Size &amp; Ownership
+                                Statistics"</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/American_Pet_Products_Association"
+                                title="American Pet Products Association"
+                                >American Pet Products Association</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225161902/https://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 25 February 2019<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">25 February</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pet+Industry+Market+Size+%26+Ownership+Statistics&amp;rft.pub=American+Pet+Products+Association&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanpetproducts.org%2Fpress_industrytrends.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-201">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.moneytalksnews.com/the-5-most-expensive-cat-breeds-in-america/"
+                                >"The 5 Most Expensive Cat Breeds in America"</a
+                              >. <i>moneytalksnews.com</i>. 2017.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103150/https://www.moneytalksnews.com/the-5-most-expensive-cat-breeds-in-america/"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 25 February 2019<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">25 February</span>
+                                2019</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=moneytalksnews.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+5+Most+Expensive+Cat+Breeds+in+America&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moneytalksnews.com%2Fthe-5-most-expensive-cat-breeds-in-america%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-202">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://petpedia.co/cat-statistics/"
+                                >"61 Fun Cat Statistics That Are the Cat's Meow!
+                                (2022 UPDATE)"</a
+                              >. 12 December 2020.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218184821/https://petpedia.co/cat-statistics/"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 18 February 2022<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">18 February</span>
+                                2022</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=61+Fun+Cat+Statistics+That+Are+the+Cat%27s+Meow%21+%282022+UPDATE%29&amp;rft.date=2020-12-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpetpedia.co%2Fcat-statistics%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-203">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303184319/https://www.pdsa.org.uk/get-involved/our-campaigns/pdsa-animal-wellbeing-report/uk-pet-populations-of-dogs-cats-and-rabbits"
+                                >"How many pets are there in the UK?"</a
+                              >. <i>PDSA.org.uk</i>. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.pdsa.org.uk/get-involved/our-campaigns/pdsa-animal-wellbeing-report/uk-pet-populations-of-dogs-cats-and-rabbits"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 3 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2021</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PDSA.org.uk&amp;rft.atitle=How+many+pets+are+there+in+the+UK%3F&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdsa.org.uk%2Fget-involved%2Four-campaigns%2Fpdsa-animal-wellbeing-report%2Fuk-pet-populations-of-dogs-cats-and-rabbits&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-204">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://carocat.eu/statistics-on-cats-and-dogs/"
+                                >"Statistics on cats"</a
+                              >. <i>carocat.eu</i>. 2021.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225150136/https://carocat.eu/statistics-on-cats-and-dogs/"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 25 February 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">15 February</span>
+                                2021</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=carocat.eu&amp;rft.atitle=Statistics+on+cats&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarocat.eu%2Fstatistics-on-cats-and-dogs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-205">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBeadle1979"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Beadle, Muriel (1979). <i>Cat</i>. Simon and
+                              Schuster. pp.&#160;93–96.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671251901"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780671251901"
+                                ><bdi>9780671251901</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cat&amp;rft.pages=93-96&amp;rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft.isbn=9780671251901&amp;rft.aulast=Beadle&amp;rft.aufirst=Muriel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-206">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMayers2007"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Mayers, Barbara (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q3LvHwAACAAJ"
+                                ><i
+                                  >Toolbox: Ship's Cat on the Kalmar Nyckel</i
+                                ></a
+                              >. Bay Oak Publishers.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780974171395"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780974171395"
+                                ><bdi>9780974171395</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062435/https://books.google.com/books?id=q3LvHwAACAAJ"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 31 March 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2020</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Toolbox%3A+Ship%27s+Cat+on+the+Kalmar+Nyckel&amp;rft.pub=Bay+Oak+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=9780974171395&amp;rft.aulast=Mayers&amp;rft.aufirst=Barbara&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq3LvHwAACAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-207">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061201153853/http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/What-is-that-they-re-wearing_FurBooklet.pdf"
+                                >"What Is That They're Wearing?"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States"
+                                title="Humane Society of the United States"
+                                >Humane Society of the United States</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/What-is-that-they-re-wearing_FurBooklet.pdf"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1
+                              December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">22 October</span>
+                                2009</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=What+Is+That+They%27re+Wearing%3F&amp;rft.pub=Humane+Society+of+the+United+States&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsus.org%2Fweb-files%2FPDF%2FWhat-is-that-they-re-wearing_FurBooklet.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-208">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFStallwood2002"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Stallwood, K. W., ed. (2002).
+                              <i
+                                >A Primer on Animal Rights: Leading Experts
+                                Write about Animal Cruelty and Exploitation</i
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Lantern_Books"
+                                title="Lantern Books"
+                                >Lantern Books</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Primer+on+Animal+Rights%3A+Leading+Experts+Write+about+Animal+Cruelty+and+Exploitation&amp;rft.pub=Lantern+Books&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-209">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/japan-finale-for-the-worlds-most-elegant-use-of-a-dead-cat-1294096.html"
+                                >"Japan: Finale for the world's most elegant use
+                                of a dead cat"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/The_Independent"
+                                  title="The Independent"
+                                  >The Independent</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. 15 November 1997.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170621114633/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/japan-finale-for-the-worlds-most-elegant-use-of-a-dead-cat-1294096.html"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 21 June 2017.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Independent&amp;rft.atitle=Japan%3A+Finale+for+the+world%27s+most+elegant+use+of+a+dead+cat&amp;rft.date=1997-11-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fjapan-finale-for-the-worlds-most-elegant-use-of-a-dead-cat-1294096.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-210">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6165786.stm"
+                                >"EU proposes cat and dog fur ban"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News"
+                                  >BBC News</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. 2006.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102231651/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6165786.stm"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 2 January 2009<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">22 October</span>
+                                2009</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=EU+proposes+cat+and+dog+fur+ban&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6165786.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-211">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFIkuma2007"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Ikuma, C. (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217153420/http://www.hsus.org/about_us/humane_society_international_hsi/hsi_europe/dog_cat_fur/"
+                                >"EU Announces Strict Ban on Dog and Cat Fur
+                                Imports and Exports"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Humane_Society_International"
+                                  title="Humane Society International"
+                                  >Humane Society International</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.hsus.org/about_us/humane_society_international_hsi/hsi_europe/dog_cat_fur/"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 17 February 2009<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">14 December</span>
+                                2011</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Humane+Society+International&amp;rft.atitle=EU+Announces+Strict+Ban+on+Dog+and+Cat+Fur+Imports+and+Exports&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Ikuma&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsus.org%2Fabout_us%2Fhumane_society_international_hsi%2Fhsi_europe%2Fdog_cat_fur%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-212">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFJollyRaudverePeters2002"
+                              class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"
+                              >Jolly, K. L.; Raudvere, C.; Peters, E. (2002).
+                              <i>Witchcraft and Magic in Europe</i>.
+                              Vol.&#160;3: <i>The Middle Ages</i>. London:
+                              Athlone.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567574466"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780567574466"
+                                ><bdi>9780567574466</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="OCLC (identifier)"
+                                >OCLC</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/747103210"
+                                >747103210</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Witchcraft+and+Magic+in+Europe&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Athlone&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F747103210&amp;rft.isbn=9780567574466&amp;rft.aulast=Jolly&amp;rft.aufirst=K.+L.&amp;rft.au=Raudvere%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Peters%2C+E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-213">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFPaterson2008"
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              >Paterson, T. (2008).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/switzerland-finds-a-way-to-skin-a-cat-for-the-fur-trade-and-high-fashion-815426.html"
+                                >"Switzerland Finds a Way to Skin a Cat for the
+                                Fur Trade and High Fashion"</a
+                              >. <i>The Independent</i>. London.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090707080420/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/switzerland-finds-a-way-to-skin-a-cat-for-the-fur-trade-and-high-fashion-815426.html"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 7 July 2009<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">23 October</span>
+                                2009</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Independent&amp;rft.atitle=Switzerland+Finds+a+Way+to+Skin+a+Cat+for+the+Fur+Trade+and+High+Fashion&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.aulast=Paterson&amp;rft.aufirst=T.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fswitzerland-finds-a-way-to-skin-a-cat-for-the-fur-trade-and-high-fashion-815426.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Canadian-214">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Canadian_214-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/humane-society-launches-national-cat-census-1.1185950"
+                                >"Humane society launches national cat
+                                census"</a
+                              >.
+                              <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News"
+                                >CBC News</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024184326/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/story/2012/07/17/nb-cat-census-1000.html"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 24 October 2012<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">18 September</span>
+                                2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Humane+society+launches+national+cat+census&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnew-brunswick%2Fhumane-society-launches-national-cat-census-1.1185950&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-catsbe-215">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-catsbe_215-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.catsbe.com"
+                                >"Cats Be"</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120922235823/http://www.catsbe.com/"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 22 September 2012<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">18 September</span>
+                                2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cats+Be&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catsbe.com&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-SupremeCatCensus-216">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-SupremeCatCensus_216-0"
+                                >^</a
+                              ></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316024409/http://www.supremecatcensus.co.za/"
+                                >"The Supreme Cat Census"</a
+                              >. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.supremecatcensus.co.za/"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 16 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">18 September</span>
+                                2012</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Supreme+Cat+Census&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecatcensus.co.za%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-217">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074439/http://www.ifaheurope.org/companion-animals/about-pets.html"
+                                >"About Pets"</a
+                              >. <i>IFAHEurope.org</i>. Animal Health Europe.
+                              Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.ifaheurope.org/companion-animals/about-pets.html"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 6 October 2014<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2014</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IFAHEurope.org&amp;rft.atitle=About+Pets&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifaheurope.org%2Fcompanion-animals%2Fabout-pets.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-218">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFLegay1986"
+                              class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"
+                              >Legay, J. M. (1986). "Sur une tentative
+                              d'estimation du nombre total de chats domestiques
+                              dans le monde" &#91;Tentative estimation of the
+                              total number of domestic cats in the world&#93;.
+                              <i
+                                >Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences,
+                                Série III</i
+                              >
+                              (in French). <b>303</b> (17): 709–712.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3101986"
+                                >3101986</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Institut_de_l%27information_scientifique_et_technique"
+                                title="Institut de l&#39;information scientifique et technique"
+                                >INIST</a
+                              ><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=7950138"
+                                >7950138</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Comptes+Rendus+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+des+Sciences%2C+S%C3%A9rie+III&amp;rft.atitle=Sur+une+tentative+d%27estimation+du+nombre+total+de+chats+domestiques+dans+le+monde&amp;rft.volume=303&amp;rft.issue=17&amp;rft.pages=709-712&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3101986&amp;rft.aulast=Legay&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-219">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGehrtRileyCypher2010"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Gehrt, S. D.; Riley, S. P. D.; Cypher, B. L.
+                              (2010).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xYKqluO6c8UC&amp;q=million%20cats%20worldwide&amp;pg=PA157"
+                                ><i
+                                  >Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict, and
+                                  Conservation</i
+                                ></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University"
+                                title="Johns Hopkins University"
+                                >Johns Hopkins University</a
+                              >
+                              Press.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801893896"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780801893896"
+                                ><bdi>9780801893896</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231224128/https://books.google.com/books?id=xYKqluO6c8UC&amp;lpg=PA157&amp;pg=PA157&amp;q=million%20cats%20worldwide"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 31 December 2015<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2014</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Urban+Carnivores%3A+Ecology%2C+Conflict%2C+and+Conservation&amp;rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=9780801893896&amp;rft.aulast=Gehrt&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+D.&amp;rft.au=Riley%2C+S.+P.+D.&amp;rft.au=Cypher%2C+B.+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxYKqluO6c8UC%26q%3Dmillion%2520cats%2520worldwide%26pg%3DPA157&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-220">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFRochlitz2007"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Rochlitz, I. (2007).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0HmB3ix5IQ8C&amp;q=million%20cats%20worldwide&amp;pg=PA47"
+                                ><i>The Welfare of Cats</i></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Springer_Science_%26_Business_Media"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Springer Science &amp; Business Media"
+                                >Springer Science &amp; Business Media</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402032271"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781402032271"
+                                ><bdi>9781402032271</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231224128/https://books.google.com/books?id=0HmB3ix5IQ8C&amp;lpg=PA47&amp;pg=PA47&amp;q=million%20cats%20worldwide"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 31 December 2015<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2014</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Welfare+of+Cats&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=9781402032271&amp;rft.aulast=Rochlitz&amp;rft.aufirst=I.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0HmB3ix5IQ8C%26q%3Dmillion%2520cats%2520worldwide%26pg%3DPA47&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-221">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006105806/http://english.pravda.ru/society/family/09-01-2006/9478-cats-0/"
+                                >"Cats: Most interesting facts about common
+                                domestic pets"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda"
+                                  >Pravda</a
+                                ></i
+                              >. 9 January 2006. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://english.pravda.ru/society/family/09-01-2006/9478-cats-0/"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 6 October 2014<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2014</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Pravda&amp;rft.atitle=Cats%3A+Most+interesting+facts+about+common+domestic+pets&amp;rft.date=2006-01-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Fsociety%2Ffamily%2F09-01-2006%2F9478-cats-0%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-222">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSandomir2019"
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              >Sandomir, R. (18 January 2019).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190119231032/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/obituaries/walter-chandoha-dead.html?emc=edit_th_190119&amp;nl=todaysheadlines&amp;nlid=686341800119%2FWalter"
+                                >"Walter Chandoha, Photographer Whose Specialty
+                                Was Cats, Dies at 98"</a
+                              >. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/18/obituaries/walter-chandoha-dead.html?emc=edit_th_190119&amp;nl=todaysheadlines&amp;nlid=686341800119/"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 19 January 2019.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Walter+Chandoha%2C+Photographer+Whose+Specialty+Was+Cats%2C+Dies+at+98&amp;rft.date=2019-01-18&amp;rft.aulast=Sandomir&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F01%2F18%2Fobituaries%2Fwalter-chandoha-dead.html%3Femc%3Dedit_th_190119%26nl%3Dtodaysheadlines%26nlid%3D686341800119%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-223">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57f414e0b8a79bc04e0a2729/t/6081b71ec312977485a24fa4/1619113759478/CD-The+Rise+of+Pet+Humanization.pdf"
+                                >"The Rise of Pet Humanization"</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240402002609/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57f414e0b8a79bc04e0a2729/t/6081b71ec312977485a24fa4/1619113759478/CD-The+Rise+of+Pet+Humanization.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 2 April 2024<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Pet+Humanization&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic1.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F57f414e0b8a79bc04e0a2729%2Ft%2F6081b71ec312977485a24fa4%2F1619113759478%2FCD-The%2BRise%2Bof%2BPet%2BHumanization.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-224">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://advantagesolutions.net/news/the-humanization-of-pets/"
+                                >"The Humanization of Pets"</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231206214159/https://advantagesolutions.net/news/the-humanization-of-pets/"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 6 December 2023<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Humanization+of+Pets&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadvantagesolutions.net%2Fnews%2Fthe-humanization-of-pets%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-:0-225">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-:0_225-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-:0_225-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-:0_225-2"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>c</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/cat-show1.htm"
+                                >"All About Cat Shows"</a
+                              >. <i>How Stuff Works</i>. 2008.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143813/https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/cat-show1.htm"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 12 June 2018<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2018</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=How+Stuff+Works&amp;rft.atitle=All+About+Cat+Shows&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanimals.howstuffworks.com%2Fpets%2Fcat-show1.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Chomel2014-226">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Chomel2014_226-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Chomel2014_226-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFChomel2014"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Chomel, B. (2014).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494318"
+                                >"Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonoses of Dogs and
+                                Cats"</a
+                              >. <i>Animals</i>. <b>4</b> (3): 434–445.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fani4030434"
+                                  >10.3390/ani4030434</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2076-2615"
+                                >2076-2615</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4494318"
+                                  >4494318</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26480316"
+                                >26480316</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Animals&amp;rft.atitle=Emerging+and+Re-Emerging+Zoonoses+of+Dogs+and+Cats&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=434-445&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4494318%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=2076-2615&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26480316&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fani4030434&amp;rft.aulast=Chomel&amp;rft.aufirst=B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4494318&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Ohio2016-227">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            >^
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Ohio2016_227-0"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>a</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            >
+                            <a href="#cite_ref-Ohio2016_227-1"
+                              ><sup
+                                ><i><b>b</b></i></sup
+                              ></a
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161127023823/https://www.odh.ohio.gov/en/odhprograms/bid/zdp/animals/cats"
+                                >"Cats"</a
+                              >. Ohio Department of Health. 21 January 2015.
+                              Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.odh.ohio.gov/en/odhprograms/bid/zdp/animals/cats"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 27 November 2016<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">26 November</span>
+                                2016</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cats&amp;rft.pub=Ohio+Department+of+Health&amp;rft.date=2015-01-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odh.ohio.gov%2Fen%2Fodhprograms%2Fbid%2Fzdp%2Fanimals%2Fcats&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Goldstein2015-228">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Goldstein2015_228-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGoldsteinAbrahamian2015"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Goldstein, Ellie J. C.; Abrahamian, Fredrick M.
+                              (2015).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://journals.asm.org/doi/epub/10.1128/microbiolspec.iol5-0013-2015"
+                                >"Diseases Transmitted by Cats"</a
+                              >. <i>Microbiology Spectrum</i>. <b>3</b> (5).
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fmicrobiolspec.iol5-0013-2015"
+                                >10.1128/microbiolspec.iol5-0013-2015</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2165-0497"
+                                >2165-0497</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26542039"
+                                >26542039</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225116/https://journals.asm.org/doi/epub/10.1128/microbiolspec.iol5-0013-2015"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 10 August 2023<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2023</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Microbiology+Spectrum&amp;rft.atitle=Diseases+Transmitted+by+Cats&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.issn=2165-0497&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26542039&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2Fmicrobiolspec.iol5-0013-2015&amp;rft.aulast=Goldstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Ellie+J.+C.&amp;rft.au=Abrahamian%2C+Fredrick+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.asm.org%2Fdoi%2Fepub%2F10.1128%2Fmicrobiolspec.iol5-0013-2015&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-StullBrophy2015-229">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-StullBrophy2015_229-0"
+                                >^</a
+                              ></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFStullBrophyWeese2015"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Stull, J. W.; Brophy, J.; Weese, J. S. (2015).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500695"
+                                >"Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic
+                                infections"</a
+                              >. <i>Canadian Medical Association Journal</i>.
+                              <b>187</b> (10): 736–743.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Doi (identifier)"
+                                >doi</a
+                              >:<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.141020"
+                                >10.1503/cmaj.141020</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISSN (identifier)"
+                                >ISSN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0820-3946"
+                                >0820-3946</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMC (identifier)"
+                                >PMC</a
+                              >&#160;<span
+                                class="id-lock-free"
+                                title="Freely accessible"
+                                ><a
+                                  rel="nofollow"
+                                  class="external text"
+                                  href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500695"
+                                  >4500695</a
+                                ></span
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="PMID (identifier)"
+                                >PMID</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25897046"
+                                >25897046</a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Canadian+Medical+Association+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Reducing+the+risk+of+pet-associated+zoonotic+infections&amp;rft.volume=187&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.pages=736-743&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4500695%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=0820-3946&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25897046&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1503%2Fcmaj.141020&amp;rft.aulast=Stull&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+W.&amp;rft.au=Brophy%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Weese%2C+J.+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4500695&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Malek1997-230">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Malek1997_230-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFMalek1997"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Malek, J. (1997).
+                              <i>The Cat in Ancient Egypt</i>
+                              (Revised&#160;ed.). University of Pennsylvania
+                              Press.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812216325"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780812216325"
+                                ><bdi>9780812216325</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cat+in+Ancient+Egypt&amp;rft.edition=Revised&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=9780812216325&amp;rft.aulast=Malek&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Engels2001-231">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Engels2001_231-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFEngels2001"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Engels, D. W. (2001) [1999].
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XAkeCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA68"
+                                >"Greece"</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/classicalcats00dona/page/48"
+                                ><i
+                                  >Classical Cats: The Rise and Fall of the
+                                  Sacred Cat</i
+                                ></a
+                              >. London: Routledge. pp.&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/classicalcats00dona/page/48"
+                                >48–87</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415261623"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780415261623"
+                                ><bdi>9780415261623</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Greece&amp;rft.btitle=Classical+Cats%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Sacred+Cat&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=48-87&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=9780415261623&amp;rft.aulast=Engels&amp;rft.aufirst=D.+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXAkeCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-232">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFRogers2006"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Rogers, K. M. (2006).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=16ZsW4QLKlUC&amp;pg=PA19"
+                                >"Wildcat to Domestic Mousecatcher"</a
+                              >. <i>Cat</i>. London: Reaktion Books.
+                              pp.&#160;7–48.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781861892928"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9781861892928"
+                                ><bdi>9781861892928</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727182342/https://books.google.com/books?id=16ZsW4QLKlUC&amp;pg=PA19"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 27 July 2020<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2020</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Wildcat+to+Domestic+Mousecatcher&amp;rft.btitle=Cat&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=7-48&amp;rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9781861892928&amp;rft.aulast=Rogers&amp;rft.aufirst=K.+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D16ZsW4QLKlUC%26pg%3DPA19&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Beadle1977-233">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Beadle1977_233-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBeadle1977"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Beadle, M. (1977).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tnjgqpNKYksC&amp;pg=PA75"
+                                >"Ups and Downs"</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/cathistorybiolog00bead/page/75"
+                                ><i>Cat</i></a
+                              >. New York:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster"
+                                title="Simon &amp; Schuster"
+                                >Simon &amp; Schuster</a
+                              >. pp.&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/cathistorybiolog00bead/page/75"
+                                >75–88</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671224516"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780671224516"
+                                ><bdi>9780671224516</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Ups+and+Downs&amp;rft.btitle=Cat&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=75-88&amp;rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.isbn=9780671224516&amp;rft.aulast=Beadle&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtnjgqpNKYksC%26pg%3DPA75&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-234">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFPate2008"
+                              class="citation journal cs1"
+                              >Pate, A. (2008).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130314191210/http://www.darumamagazine.com/new/articles-excerpts/maneki-neko-feline-fact-fiction/"
+                                >"Maneki Neko: Feline Fact &amp; Fiction"</a
+                              >. <i>Daruma Magazine</i>. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.darumamagazine.com/new/articles-excerpts/maneki-neko-feline-fact-fiction/"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 14 March 2013.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daruma+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Maneki+Neko%3A+Feline+Fact+%26+Fiction&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.aulast=Pate&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darumamagazine.com%2Fnew%2Farticles-excerpts%2Fmaneki-neko-feline-fact-fiction%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-235">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFFaulkes1995"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Faulkes, A. (1995). <i>Edda</i>. p.&#160;24.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780460876162"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780460876162"
+                                ><bdi>9780460876162</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Edda&amp;rft.pages=24&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=9780460876162&amp;rft.aulast=Faulkes&amp;rft.aufirst=A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Ginzberg-236">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Ginzberg_236-0">^</a></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGinzberg1909"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Ginzberg, L. (1909).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf"
+                                ><i
+                                  >The Legends of the Jews, Vol. I: The Sixth
+                                  Day</i
+                                ></a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Translated
+                              by Szold, H. Philadelphia:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Jewish_Publication_Society"
+                                title="Jewish Publication Society"
+                                >Jewish Publication Society</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516120617/http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the
+                              original on 16 May 2018<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">19 February</span>
+                                2018</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Legends+of+the+Jews%2C+Vol.+I%3A+The+Sixth+Day&amp;rft.place=Philadelphia&amp;rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&amp;rft.date=1909&amp;rft.aulast=Ginzberg&amp;rft.aufirst=L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swartzentrover.com%2Fcotor%2Fe-books%2Fmisc%2FLegends%2FLegends%2520of%2520the%2520Jews.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-237">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFGeyer2004"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Geyer, G. A. (2004).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/whencatsreignedl00geor"
+                                ><i
+                                  >When Cats Reigned Like Kings: On the Trail of
+                                  the Sacred Cats</i
+                                ></a
+                              >. Kansas City, Missouri:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing"
+                                title="Andrews McMeel Publishing"
+                                >Andrews McMeel Publishing</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780740746970"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780740746970"
+                                ><bdi>9780740746970</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=When+Cats+Reigned+Like+Kings%3A+On+the+Trail+of+the+Sacred+Cats&amp;rft.place=Kansas+City%2C+Missouri&amp;rft.pub=Andrews+McMeel+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9780740746970&amp;rft.aulast=Geyer&amp;rft.aufirst=G.+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhencatsreignedl00geor&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Reeves-238">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reeves_238-0">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFReeves2000"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Reeves, M. (2000).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadineurope0000reev/page/52"
+                                ><i>Muhammad in Europe</i></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press"
+                                title="New York University Press"
+                                >New York University Press</a
+                              >. p.&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/muhammadineurope0000reev/page/52"
+                                >52</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814775332"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780814775332"
+                                ><bdi>9780814775332</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Muhammad+in+Europe&amp;rft.pages=52&amp;rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9780814775332&amp;rft.aulast=Reeves&amp;rft.aufirst=M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadineurope0000reev%2Fpage%2F52&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-239">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFAl-Thahabi"
+                              class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"
+                              >Al-Thahabi, S.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=5401&amp;idto=5401&amp;bk_no=60&amp;ID=5263"
+                                >"Biography of al-Rifai"</a
+                              >. <i>سير أعلام النبلاء</i> (in Arabic).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025030332/http://library.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=5401&amp;idto=5401&amp;bk_no=60&amp;ID=5263"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 25 October 2014<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">11 November</span>
+                                2014</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1&amp;rft.atitle=Biography+of+al-Rifai&amp;rft.aulast=Al-Thahabi&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.islamweb.net%2Fnewlibrary%2Fdisplay_book.php%3Fidfrom%3D5401%26idto%3D5401%26bk_no%3D60%26ID%3D5263&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-240">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFBroad2015"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Broad, Michael (13 January 2015).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://pictures-of-cats.org/abu-hurairah-and-cats.html"
+                                >"Abu Hurairah and Cats"</a
+                              >. <i>Pictures-of-Cats.org</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180305203105/http://pictures-of-cats.org/abu-hurairah-and-cats.html"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 5 March 2018<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Pictures-of-Cats.org&amp;rft.atitle=Abu+Hurairah+and+Cats&amp;rft.date=2015-01-13&amp;rft.aulast=Broad&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpictures-of-cats.org%2Fabu-hurairah-and-cats.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-Clutton-Brock1999-241">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b
+                              ><a href="#cite_ref-Clutton-Brock1999_241-0"
+                                >^</a
+                              ></b
+                            ></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFClutton-Brock1999"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Clutton-Brock, J. (1999) [1987].
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&amp;pg=PA133"
+                                >"Cats"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i>A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals</i>
+                              (2nd&#160;ed.). Cambridge, England:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press"
+                                title="Cambridge University Press"
+                                >Cambridge University Press</a
+                              >. pp.&#160;133–140.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521634953"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780521634953"
+                                ><bdi>9780521634953</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="OCLC (identifier)"
+                                >OCLC</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39786571"
+                                >39786571</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122145647/https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&amp;pg=PA133"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 22 January 2021<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">25 October</span>
+                                2020</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Cats&amp;rft.btitle=A+Natural+History+of+Domesticated+Mammals&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&amp;rft.pages=133-140&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39786571&amp;rft.isbn=9780521634953&amp;rft.aulast=Clutton-Brock&amp;rft.aufirst=J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcgL-EbbB8a0C%26pg%3DPA133&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-242">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFAdzo2015"
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              >Adzo, Kokou (29 October 2015).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://socialnewsdaily.com/58901/are-black-cats-really-bad-luck-hoax/"
+                                >"Are Black Cats Really Bad Luck?
+                                &#91;Hoax&#93;"</a
+                              >. <i>Social News Daily</i>.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222141607/http://socialnewsdaily.com/58901/are-black-cats-really-bad-luck-hoax/"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 22 December 2015<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">19 December</span>
+                                2015</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+News+Daily&amp;rft.atitle=Are+Black+Cats+Really+Bad+Luck%3F+%5BHoax%5D&amp;rft.date=2015-10-29&amp;rft.aulast=Adzo&amp;rft.aufirst=Kokou&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsocialnewsdaily.com%2F58901%2Fare-black-cats-really-bad-luck-hoax%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-243">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFDavies1996"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Davies, N. (1996).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0/page/543"
+                                ><i>Europe: A History</i></a
+                              >. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&#160;543.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198201717"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/9780198201717"
+                                ><bdi>9780198201717</bdi></a
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Europe%3A+A+History&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pages=543&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=9780198201717&amp;rft.aulast=Davies&amp;rft.aufirst=N.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feuropehistory00davi_0%2Fpage%2F543&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-244">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFFrazer2002"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              >Frazer, J. G. (2002) [1922].
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://www.bartleby.com/196/164.html"
+                                ><i
+                                  >The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and
+                                  Religion</i
+                                ></a
+                              >
+                              (Abridged&#160;ed.). Mineola, New York: Dover
+                              Publications.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="ISBN (identifier)"
+                                >ISBN</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0486424928"
+                                title="Special:BookSources/0486424928"
+                                ><bdi>0486424928</bdi></a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="OCLC (identifier)"
+                                >OCLC</a
+                              >&#160;<a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49942157"
+                                >49942157</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061208190208/http://www.bartleby.com/196/164.html"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 8 December 2006<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">28 February</span>
+                                2017</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Golden+Bough%3A+A+Study+in+Magic+and+Religion&amp;rft.place=Mineola%2C+New+York&amp;rft.edition=Abridged&amp;rft.pub=Dover+Publications&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49942157&amp;rft.isbn=0486424928&amp;rft.aulast=Frazer&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+G.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F196%2F164.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-245">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFSugobono2010"
+                              class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"
+                              >Sugobono, N. (2010).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127052854/http://elcomercio.pe/impresa/notas/vidas-gato/20100307/423959"
+                                >"Las vidas del gato"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/El_Comercio_(Peru)"
+                                  title="El Comercio (Peru)"
+                                  >El Comercio (Peru)</a
+                                ></i
+                              >
+                              (in Spanish). Lima, Peru. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://elcomercio.pe/impresa/notas/vidas-gato/20100307/423959"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 27 January 2012<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2010</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=El+Comercio+%28Peru%29&amp;rft.atitle=Las+vidas+del+gato&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.aulast=Sugobono&amp;rft.aufirst=N.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felcomercio.pe%2Fimpresa%2Fnotas%2Fvidas-gato%2F20100307%2F423959&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-246">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://mundoestranho.abril.com.br/materia/qual-e-a-origem-da-lenda-de-que-os-gatos-teriam-sete-vidas"
+                                >"Qual é a origem da lenda de que os gatos
+                                teriam sete vidas?"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/Mundo_Estranho"
+                                  title="Mundo Estranho"
+                                  >Mundo Estranho</a
+                                ></i
+                              >
+                              (in Brazilian Portuguese). São Paulo, Brazil:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Abril_Media"
+                                class="mw-redirect"
+                                title="Abril Media"
+                                >Abril Media</a
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031757/http://mundoestranho.abril.com.br/materia/qual-e-a-origem-da-lenda-de-que-os-gatos-teriam-sete-vidas"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 17 November 2015<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">15 November</span>
+                                2015</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Mundo+Estranho&amp;rft.atitle=Qual+%C3%A9+a+origem+da+lenda+de+que+os+gatos+teriam+sete+vidas%3F&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmundoestranho.abril.com.br%2Fmateria%2Fqual-e-a-origem-da-lenda-de-que-os-gatos-teriam-sete-vidas&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-247">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFDowling2010"
+                              class="citation news cs1"
+                              >Dowling, T. (19 March 2010).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2010/mar/18/guide-to-pets-pet-myths?picture=360591960"
+                                >"Tall tails: Pet myths busted"</a
+                              >.
+                              <i
+                                ><a
+                                  href="/wiki/The_Guardian"
+                                  title="The Guardian"
+                                  >The Guardian</a
+                                ></i
+                              >.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130909160834/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/gallery/2010/mar/18/guide-to-pets-pet-myths?picture=360591960"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 9 September 2013<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">15 November</span>
+                                2023</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Tall+tails%3A+Pet+myths+busted&amp;rft.date=2010-03-19&amp;rft.aulast=Dowling&amp;rft.aufirst=T.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2Fgallery%2F2010%2Fmar%2F18%2Fguide-to-pets-pet-myths%3Fpicture%3D360591960&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-248">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              id="CITEREFHeywood1874"
+                              class="citation book cs1"
+                              ><a href="/wiki/John_Heywood" title="John Heywood"
+                                >Heywood, J-</a
+                              >
+                              (1874). Sharman, Julian (ed.).
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://archive.org/details/proverbsofjohnhe00heywrich/page/104/mode/2up"
+                                ><i>The Proverbs of John Heywood</i></a
+                              >. p.&#160;104.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Proverbs+of+John+Heywood&amp;rft.pages=104&amp;rft.date=1874&amp;rft.aulast=Heywood&amp;rft.aufirst=J-&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fproverbsofjohnhe00heywrich%2Fpage%2F104%2Fmode%2F2up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-249">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite
+                              class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://be.chewy.com/behavior-pet-facts-do-cats-really-have-nine-lives/"
+                                >"Can Cats Cheat Death?"</a
+                              >. <i>BeChewy</i>. 6 October 2017.
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230925171409/https://be.chewy.com/behavior-pet-facts-do-cats-really-have-nine-lives/"
+                                >Archived</a
+                              >
+                              from the original on 25 September 2023<span
+                                class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">25 September</span>
+                                2023</span
+                              >.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BeChewy&amp;rft.atitle=Can+Cats+Cheat+Death%3F&amp;rft.date=2017-10-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbe.chewy.com%2Fbehavior-pet-facts-do-cats-really-have-nine-lives%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li id="cite_note-250">
+                          <span class="mw-cite-backlink"
+                            ><b><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a></b></span
+                          >
+                          <span class="reference-text"
+                            ><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                            /><cite class="citation web cs1"
+                              ><a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522014805/http://cats.about.com/od/catsafety/a/highrisefalls.htm"
+                                >"The ASPCA Warns About High-rise Falls by Cats:
+                                High-rise Apartments, Windows, Terraces and Fire
+                                Escapes Pose Risk to Urban Cats"</a
+                              >. New York:
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Animals"
+                                title="American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals"
+                                >American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
+                                to Animals</a
+                              >. 30 June 2005. Archived from
+                              <a
+                                rel="nofollow"
+                                class="external text"
+                                href="http://cats.about.com/od/catsafety/a/highrisefalls.htm"
+                                >the original</a
+                              >
+                              on 22 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate"
+                                >. Retrieved
+                                <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2018</span
+                              >
+                              &#8211; via About.com.</cite
+                            ><span
+                              title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+ASPCA+Warns+About+High-rise+Falls+by+Cats%3A+High-rise+Apartments%2C+Windows%2C+Terraces+and+Fire+Escapes+Pose+Risk+to+Urban+Cats&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=American+Society+for+the+Prevention+of+Cruelty+to+Animals&amp;rft.date=2005-06-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcats.about.com%2Fod%2Fcatsafety%2Fa%2Fhighrisefalls.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                              class="Z3988"
+                            ></span>
+                            (Press release.)</span
+                          >
+                        </li>
+                      </ol>
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2">
+                    <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>
+                  </div>
+                  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">
+                    .mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia {
+                      border: 1px solid #a2a9b1;
+                      background-color: var(
+                        --background-color-interactive-subtle,
+                        #f8f9fa
+                      );
+                      margin: 0.5em 0;
+                      padding: 0.2em;
+                      line-height: 1.5em;
+                      font-size: 90%;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header {
+                      text-align: center;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to {
+                      font-weight: bold;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files {
+                      text-align: center;
+                      margin-top: 10px;
+                      margin-bottom: 0.4em;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon {
+                      float: left;
+                      margin-left: 5px;
+                      margin-top: 10px;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer {
+                      margin-left: 60px;
+                      margin-top: 10px;
+                      font-size: 95%;
+                      line-height: 1.4em;
+                    }
+                    .mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer {
+                      margin-top: 10px;
+                      text-align: center;
+                    }
+                    @media (min-width: 720px) {
+                      .mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia {
+                        width: 20em;
+                        float: right;
+                        clear: right;
+                        margin-left: 1em;
+                      }
+                    }
+                  </style>
+                  <div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio">
+                    <div class="spoken-wikipedia-header">
+                      <span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to"
+                        >Listen to this article</span
+                      ><br />(3&#160;parts,
+                      <span class="duration"
+                        ><span class="h">1</span> hour and
+                        <span class="min">21</span> minutes</span
+                      >)
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="spoken-wikipedia-files">
+                      <ol>
+                        <li>
+                          <span typeof="mw:File"
+                            ><span
+                              ><audio
+                                id="mwe_player_3"
+                                controls=""
+                                preload="none"
+                                data-mw-tmh=""
+                                class="mw-file-element"
+                                width="180"
+                                style="width: 180px"
+                                data-durationhint="1629"
+                                data-mwtitle="En-Cat_(part_1).ogg"
+                                data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"
+                              >
+                                <source
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/En-Cat_%28part_1%29.ogg"
+                                  type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"'
+                                  data-width="0"
+                                  data-height="0"
+                                />
+                                <source
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/En-Cat_%28part_1%29.ogg/En-Cat_%28part_1%29.ogg.mp3"
+                                  type="audio/mpeg"
+                                  data-transcodekey="mp3"
+                                  data-width="0"
+                                  data-height="0"
+                                />
+                                <track
+                                  src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AEn-Cat_%28part_1%29.ogg&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A"
+                                  kind="subtitles"
+                                  type="text/vtt"
+                                  srclang="en"
+                                  label="English ‪(en)‬"
+                                  data-dir="ltr"
+                                /></audio></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li>
+                          <span typeof="mw:File"
+                            ><span
+                              ><audio
+                                id="mwe_player_4"
+                                controls=""
+                                preload="none"
+                                data-mw-tmh=""
+                                class="mw-file-element"
+                                width="180"
+                                style="width: 180px"
+                                data-durationhint="1549"
+                                data-mwtitle="En-Cat_(part_2).ogg"
+                                data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"
+                              >
+                                <source
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-Cat_%28part_2%29.ogg"
+                                  type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"'
+                                  data-width="0"
+                                  data-height="0"
+                                />
+                                <source
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-Cat_%28part_2%29.ogg/En-Cat_%28part_2%29.ogg.mp3"
+                                  type="audio/mpeg"
+                                  data-transcodekey="mp3"
+                                  data-width="0"
+                                  data-height="0"
+                                /></audio></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                        <li>
+                          <span typeof="mw:File"
+                            ><span
+                              ><audio
+                                id="mwe_player_5"
+                                controls=""
+                                preload="none"
+                                data-mw-tmh=""
+                                class="mw-file-element"
+                                width="180"
+                                style="width: 180px"
+                                data-durationhint="1695"
+                                data-mwtitle="En-Cat_(part_3).ogg"
+                                data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"
+                              >
+                                <source
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-Cat_%28part_3%29.ogg"
+                                  type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"'
+                                  data-width="0"
+                                  data-height="0"
+                                />
+                                <source
+                                  src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/En-Cat_%28part_3%29.ogg/En-Cat_%28part_3%29.ogg.mp3"
+                                  type="audio/mpeg"
+                                  data-transcodekey="mp3"
+                                  data-width="0"
+                                  data-height="0"
+                                /></audio></span
+                          ></span>
+                        </li>
+                      </ol>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="spoken-wikipedia-icon">
+                      <span typeof="mw:File"
+                        ><span title="Spoken Wikipedia"
+                          ><img
+                            alt="Spoken Wikipedia icon"
+                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/45px-Sound-icon.svg.png"
+                            decoding="async"
+                            width="45"
+                            height="34"
+                            class="mw-file-element"
+                            srcset="
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/68px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x,
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/90px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x
+                            "
+                            data-file-width="128"
+                            data-file-height="96" /></span
+                      ></span>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer">
+                      These audio files were created from a revision of this
+                      article dated 13&#160;May&#160;2007<span
+                        style="display: none"
+                        >&#160;(<span
+                          class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart"
+                          >2007-05-13</span
+                        >)</span
+                      >, and do not reflect subsequent edits.
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="spoken-wikipedia-footer">
+                      (<a
+                        href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help"
+                        class="mw-redirect"
+                        title="Wikipedia:Media help"
+                        >Audio help</a
+                      >&#160;·
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spoken_articles"
+                        title="Wikipedia:Spoken articles"
+                        >More spoken articles</a
+                      >)
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>
+                      <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"
+                          class="mw-file-description"
+                          ><img
+                            alt=""
+                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png"
+                            decoding="async"
+                            width="16"
+                            height="16"
+                            class="mw-file-element"
+                            srcset="
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x,
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x
+                            "
+                            data-file-width="512"
+                            data-file-height="512" /></a
+                      ></span>
+                      The dictionary definition of
+                      <a
+                        href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cat"
+                        class="extiw"
+                        title="wiktionary:cat"
+                        ><i>cat</i></a
+                      >
+                      at Wiktionary
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg"
+                          class="mw-file-description"
+                          ><img
+                            alt=""
+                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png"
+                            decoding="async"
+                            width="14"
+                            height="16"
+                            class="mw-file-element"
+                            srcset="
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x,
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x
+                            "
+                            data-file-width="941"
+                            data-file-height="1103" /></a
+                      ></span>
+                      Data related to
+                      <a
+                        href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Felis_catus"
+                        class="extiw"
+                        title="wikispecies:Felis catus"
+                        ><i>Felis catus</i></a
+                      >
+                      at Wikispecies
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg"
+                          class="mw-file-description"
+                          ><img
+                            alt=""
+                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png"
+                            decoding="async"
+                            width="12"
+                            height="16"
+                            class="mw-file-element"
+                            srcset="
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x,
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x
+                            "
+                            data-file-width="1024"
+                            data-file-height="1376" /></a
+                      ></span>
+                      Media related to
+                      <a
+                        href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Felis_silvestris_catus"
+                        class="extiw"
+                        title="commons:Felis silvestris catus"
+                        >Felis silvestris catus</a
+                      >
+                      at Wikimedia Commons
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg"
+                          class="mw-file-description"
+                          ><img
+                            alt=""
+                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png"
+                            decoding="async"
+                            width="16"
+                            height="16"
+                            class="mw-file-element"
+                            srcset="
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x,
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x
+                            "
+                            data-file-width="400"
+                            data-file-height="400" /></a
+                      ></span>
+                      <a
+                        href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Animal_Care"
+                        class="extiw"
+                        title="wikibooks:Animal Care"
+                        >Animal Care</a
+                      >
+                      at Wikibooks
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg"
+                          class="mw-file-description"
+                          ><img
+                            alt=""
+                            src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png"
+                            decoding="async"
+                            width="13"
+                            height="16"
+                            class="mw-file-element"
+                            srcset="
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x,
+                              //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x
+                            "
+                            data-file-width="300"
+                            data-file-height="355" /></a
+                      ></span>
+                      Quotations related to
+                      <a
+                        href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cat"
+                        class="extiw"
+                        title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Cat"
+                        >Cat</a
+                      >
+                      at Wikiquote
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <link
+                        rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                        href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"
+                      /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"
+                        ><span
+                          class="cs1-ws-icon"
+                          title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Cat, Domestic, The"
+                          ><a
+                            class="external text"
+                            href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Cat,_Domestic,_The"
+                            >"Cat, Domestic, The"&#160;</a
+                          ></span
+                        >.
+                        <i
+                          ><a
+                            href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana"
+                            title="Encyclopedia Americana"
+                            >Encyclopedia Americana</a
+                          ></i
+                        >. 1920.</cite
+                      ><span
+                        title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Cat%2C+Domestic%2C+The&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&amp;rft.date=1920&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACat"
+                        class="Z3988"
+                      ></span>
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/name/Felis_catus"
+                        >Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography</a
+                      >
+                      for <i>Felis catus</i>
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      View the
+                      <a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="http://www.ensembl.org/Felis_catus/Info/Index/"
+                        >cat genome</a
+                      >
+                      in
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Ensembl"
+                        class="mw-redirect"
+                        title="Ensembl"
+                        >Ensembl</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520030950/http://brainmaps.org/index.php?p=speciesdata&amp;species=felis-catus"
+                        >High-resolution images of the cat's brain</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <i
+                        ><a
+                          href="/wiki/Scientific_American"
+                          title="Scientific American"
+                          >Scientific American</a
+                        ></i
+                      >. "<a
+                        rel="nofollow"
+                        class="external text"
+                        href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YIE9AQAAIAAJ&amp;q=carbonic+oxide"
+                        >The Origin of the Cat</a
+                      >". 1881. p.&#160;120.
+                    </li>
+                  </ul>
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+                    aria-labelledby="Domestic_cats"
+                    style="padding: 3px"
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+                      class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner"
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+                            <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li class="nv-view">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template:Domestic_cat"
+                                    title="Template:Domestic cat"
+                                    ><abbr title="View this template"
+                                      >v</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-talk">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template_talk:Domestic_cat"
+                                    title="Template talk:Domestic cat"
+                                    ><abbr title="Discuss this template"
+                                      >t</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-edit">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic_cat"
+                                    title="Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic cat"
+                                    ><abbr title="Edit this template"
+                                      >e</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                            <div
+                              id="Domestic_cats"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Domestic cats</a>
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Felinology" title="Felinology"
+                              >Felinology</a
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy"
+                                    title="Cat anatomy"
+                                    >Anatomy</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_genetics"
+                                    title="Cat genetics"
+                                    >Genetics</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_cat" title="Dwarf cat"
+                                    >Dwarf cat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten"
+                                    >Kitten</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Odd-eyed_cat"
+                                    title="Odd-eyed cat"
+                                    >Odd-eyed cat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Squitten" title="Squitten"
+                                    >Squitten</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="nobold"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics"
+                                      title="Cat coat genetics"
+                                      >Coat genetics</a
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Bicolor_cat"
+                                    title="Bicolor cat"
+                                    >Bicolor cat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat"
+                                    >Black cat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Calico_cat" title="Calico cat"
+                                    >Calico cat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat"
+                                    >Tabby cat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat"
+                                    title="Tortoiseshell cat"
+                                    >Tortoiseshell cat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health"
+                              >Health</a
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats"
+                                    title="Aging in cats"
+                                    >Aging</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Onychectomy"
+                                    title="Onychectomy"
+                                    >Declawing</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food"
+                                    >Diet</a
+                                  >
+                                  <ul>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Dental_health_diets_for_cats"
+                                        title="Dental health diets for cats"
+                                        >dental health</a
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Senior_cat_diet"
+                                        title="Senior cat diet"
+                                        >senior</a
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                  </ul>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination"
+                                    title="Feline vaccination"
+                                    >Vaccination</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior"
+                              >Behavior</a
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat%E2%80%93dog_relationship"
+                                    title="Cat–dog relationship"
+                                    >Cat–dog relationship</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_communication"
+                                    title="Cat communication"
+                                    >Catfight</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Catnip" title="Catnip"
+                                    >Catnip</a
+                                  >
+                                  <ul>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)"
+                                        title="Valerian (herb)"
+                                        >valerian</a
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                  </ul>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_communication"
+                                    title="Cat communication"
+                                    >Communication</a
+                                  >
+                                  <ul>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a href="/wiki/Meow" title="Meow">Meow</a>
+                                    </li>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">Purr</a>
+                                    </li>
+                                  </ul>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Kneading_(cats)"
+                                    title="Kneading (cats)"
+                                    >Kneading</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_intelligence"
+                                    title="Cat intelligence"
+                                    >Intelligence</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys"
+                                    title="Cat play and toys"
+                                    >Play and toys</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex"
+                                    title="Cat righting reflex"
+                                    >Righting reflex</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses"
+                                    >Senses</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats"
+                              title="Human interaction with cats"
+                              >Human–cat<br />interaction</a
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Ailurophobia"
+                                    title="Ailurophobia"
+                                    >Ailurophobia</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Cat_caf%C3%A9" title="Cat café"
+                                    >Cat cafés</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Category:Cat_killers"
+                                    title="Category:Cat killers"
+                                    >Cat killers</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_massage"
+                                    title="Cat massage"
+                                    >Cat massage</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat"
+                                    >Cat meat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease"
+                                    title="Cat-scratch disease"
+                                    >Cat-scratch disease</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show"
+                                    >Cat show</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt"
+                                    title="Cats in ancient Egypt"
+                                    >Cats in ancient Egypt</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats"
+                                    title="Cultural depictions of cats"
+                                    >Cultural depictions</a
+                                  >
+                                  <ul>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_felines"
+                                        title="List of fictional felines"
+                                        >fictional</a
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Cats_and_the_Internet"
+                                        title="Cats and the Internet"
+                                        >Internet</a
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                  </ul>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dog-like_cat"
+                                    title="Dog-like cat"
+                                    >Dog-like cat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat"
+                                    >Feral cat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Islam_and_cats"
+                                    title="Islam and cats"
+                                    >Cats and Islam</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat"
+                                    >Lolcat</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/National_Cat_Day"
+                                    title="National Cat Day"
+                                    >National Cat Day</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">Pet cat</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Working_cat"
+                                    title="Working cat"
+                                    >Working cat</a
+                                  >
+                                  <ul>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Bodega_cat"
+                                        title="Bodega cat"
+                                        >Bodega cat</a
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat"
+                                        >Farm cat</a
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Library_cat"
+                                        title="Library cat"
+                                        >Library cat</a
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat"
+                                        title="Ship&#39;s cat"
+                                        >Ship's cat</a
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                  </ul>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_zoonosis"
+                                    title="Feline zoonosis"
+                                    >Zoonosis</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry"
+                              >Registries</a
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/American_Cat_Fanciers_Association"
+                                    title="American Cat Fanciers Association"
+                                    >American Cat Fanciers Association</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Associazione_Nazionale_Felina_Italiana"
+                                    title="Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana"
+                                    >Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association"
+                                    title="Canadian Cat Association"
+                                    >Canadian Cat Association</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_Aficionado_Association"
+                                    title="Cat Aficionado Association"
+                                    >Cat Aficionado Association</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association"
+                                    title="Cat Fanciers&#39; Association"
+                                    >Cat Fanciers' Association</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line"
+                                    title="Fédération Internationale Féline"
+                                    >Fédération Internationale Féline</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy"
+                                    title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy"
+                                    >Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cat_Fancy"
+                                    title="New Zealand Cat Fancy"
+                                    >New Zealand Cat Fancy</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Cat_Council"
+                                    title="Southern Africa Cat Council"
+                                    >Southern Africa Cat Council</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association"
+                                    title="The International Cat Association"
+                                    >The International Cat Association</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/World_Cat_Congress"
+                                    title="World Cat Congress"
+                                    >World Cat Congress</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/World_Cat_Federation"
+                                    title="World Cat Federation"
+                                    >World Cat Federation</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            Breeds<br />(<a
+                              href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds"
+                              title="List of cat breeds"
+                              >full list</a
+                            >)<br />(<a
+                              href="/wiki/List_of_experimental_cat_breeds"
+                              title="List of experimental cat breeds"
+                              >experimental</a
+                            >)
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                  >
+                                    Fully<br />domestic
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Abyssinian_cat"
+                                            title="Abyssinian cat"
+                                            >Abyssinian</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/American_Curl"
+                                            title="American Curl"
+                                            >American Curl</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/American_Shorthair"
+                                            title="American Shorthair"
+                                            >American Shorthair</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Balinese_cat"
+                                            title="Balinese cat"
+                                            >Balinese</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Brazilian_Shorthair"
+                                            title="Brazilian Shorthair"
+                                            >Brazilian Shorthair</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/British_Shorthair"
+                                            title="British Shorthair"
+                                            >British Shorthair</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a href="/wiki/Birman" title="Birman"
+                                            >Birman</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Bombay_cat"
+                                            title="Bombay cat"
+                                            >Bombay</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Burmese_cat"
+                                            title="Burmese cat"
+                                            >Burmese</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Burmilla"
+                                            title="Burmilla"
+                                            >Burmilla</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/California_Spangled"
+                                            title="California Spangled"
+                                            >California Spangled</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Chartreux"
+                                            title="Chartreux"
+                                            >Chartreux</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Dragon_Li"
+                                            title="Dragon Li"
+                                            >Chinese Li Hua</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Colorpoint_Shorthair"
+                                            title="Colorpoint Shorthair"
+                                            >Colorpoint Shorthair</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Cornish_Rex"
+                                            title="Cornish Rex"
+                                            >Cornish Rex</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Cymric_cat"
+                                            title="Cymric cat"
+                                            >Cymric</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Devon_Rex"
+                                            title="Devon Rex"
+                                            >Devon Rex</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Donskoy_cat"
+                                            title="Donskoy cat"
+                                            >Donskoy</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Egyptian_Mau"
+                                            title="Egyptian Mau"
+                                            >Egyptian Mau</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/European_Shorthair"
+                                            title="European Shorthair"
+                                            >European Shorthair</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair"
+                                            title="Exotic Shorthair"
+                                            >Exotic Shorthair</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Foldex_cat"
+                                            title="Foldex cat"
+                                            >Foldex</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/German_Rex"
+                                            title="German Rex"
+                                            >German Rex</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Himalayan_cat"
+                                            title="Himalayan cat"
+                                            >Himalayan</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail"
+                                            title="Japanese Bobtail"
+                                            >Japanese Bobtail</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Javanese_cat"
+                                            title="Javanese cat"
+                                            >Javanese</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Khao_Manee"
+                                            title="Khao Manee"
+                                            >Khao Manee</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a href="/wiki/Korat" title="Korat"
+                                            >Korat</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Kurilian_Bobtail"
+                                            title="Kurilian Bobtail"
+                                            >Kurilian Bobtail</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a href="/wiki/Lykoi" title="Lykoi"
+                                            >Lykoi</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Maine_Coon"
+                                            title="Maine Coon"
+                                            >Maine Coon</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Manx_cat"
+                                            title="Manx cat"
+                                            >Manx</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Munchkin_cat"
+                                            title="Munchkin cat"
+                                            >Munchkin</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Neva_Masquerade"
+                                            title="Neva Masquerade"
+                                            >Neva Masquerade</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_cat"
+                                            class="mw-redirect"
+                                            title="Norwegian Forest cat"
+                                            >Norwegian Forest</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a href="/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat"
+                                            >Ocicat</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Ojos_Azules"
+                                            title="Ojos Azules"
+                                            >Ojos Azules</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair"
+                                            title="Oriental Shorthair"
+                                            >Oriental Shorthair</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Persian_cat"
+                                            title="Persian cat"
+                                            >Persian</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Peterbald"
+                                            title="Peterbald"
+                                            >Peterbald</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Pixie-bob"
+                                            title="Pixie-bob"
+                                            >Pixie-bob</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Ragdoll"
+                                            title="Ragdoll"
+                                            >Ragdoll</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_cat"
+                                            title="Ragamuffin cat"
+                                            >Ragamuffin</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Russian_Blue"
+                                            title="Russian Blue"
+                                            >Russian Blue</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Scottish_Fold"
+                                            title="Scottish Fold"
+                                            >Scottish Fold</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Selkirk_Rex"
+                                            title="Selkirk Rex"
+                                            >Selkirk Rex</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Siamese_cat"
+                                            title="Siamese cat"
+                                            >Siamese</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Siberian_cat"
+                                            title="Siberian cat"
+                                            >Siberian</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Singapura_cat"
+                                            title="Singapura cat"
+                                            >Singapura</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Snowshoe_cat"
+                                            title="Snowshoe cat"
+                                            >Snowshoe</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Somali_cat"
+                                            title="Somali cat"
+                                            >Somali</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Sphynx_cat"
+                                            title="Sphynx cat"
+                                            >Sphynx</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Thai_cat"
+                                            title="Thai cat"
+                                            >Thai</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Traditional_Persian"
+                                            title="Traditional Persian"
+                                            >Traditional Persian</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Tonkinese_cat"
+                                            title="Tonkinese cat"
+                                            >Tonkinese</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a href="/wiki/Toyger" title="Toyger"
+                                            >Toyger</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Turkish_Angora"
+                                            title="Turkish Angora"
+                                            >Turkish Angora</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Turkish_Van"
+                                            title="Turkish Van"
+                                            >Turkish Van</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="row"
+                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                  >
+                                    Hybrid
+                                  </th>
+                                  <td
+                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                      <ul>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Bengal_cat"
+                                            title="Bengal cat"
+                                            >Bengal</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Chausie"
+                                            title="Chausie"
+                                            >Chausie</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Highlander_cat"
+                                            title="Highlander cat"
+                                            >Highlander</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Savannah_cat"
+                                            title="Savannah cat"
+                                            >Savannah</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                        <li>
+                                          <a
+                                            href="/wiki/Serengeti_cat"
+                                            title="Serengeti cat"
+                                            >Serengeti</a
+                                          >
+                                        </li>
+                                      </ul>
+                                    </div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace"
+                              >Landraces</a
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Aegean_cat" title="Aegean cat"
+                                    >Aegean</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_cat" title="Cyprus cat"
+                                    >Cyprus</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Kellas_cat" title="Kellas cat"
+                                    >Kellas</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Sokoke" title="Sokoke"
+                                    >Sokoke</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Van_cat" title="Van cat"
+                                    >Van</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases"
+                              title="List of feline diseases"
+                              >Diseases and<br />disorders</a
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_acne"
+                                    title="Feline acne"
+                                    >Acne</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_asthma"
+                                    title="Feline asthma"
+                                    >Asthma</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_calicivirus"
+                                    title="Feline calicivirus"
+                                    >Calicivirus</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Congenital_sensorineural_deafness_in_cats"
+                                    title="Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats"
+                                    >Congenital sensorineural deafness</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_corneal_sequestrum"
+                                    title="Feline corneal sequestrum"
+                                    >Feline corneal sequestrum</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Cat_flea" title="Cat flea"
+                                    >Flea</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Coccidia" title="Coccidia"
+                                    >Coccidia</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis"
+                                    title="Dirofilaria immitis"
+                                    >Heartworm</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_hepatic_lipidosis"
+                                    title="Feline hepatic lipidosis"
+                                    >Hepatic lipidosis</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Related_disorders"
+                                    title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"
+                                    >Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus"
+                                    title="Feline immunodeficiency virus"
+                                    >Immunodeficiency virus</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis"
+                                    title="Feline infectious peritonitis"
+                                    >Infectious peritonitis</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus"
+                                    title="Feline leukemia virus"
+                                    >Leukemia virus</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_lower_urinary_tract_disease"
+                                    title="Feline lower urinary tract disease"
+                                    >Lower urinary tract disease</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Carnivore_protoparvovirus_1"
+                                    title="Carnivore protoparvovirus 1"
+                                    >Panleukopenia</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis"
+                                    >Giardiasis</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat"
+                                    title="Polydactyl cat"
+                                    >Polydactyly</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Rabies_in_animals"
+                                    title="Rabies in animals"
+                                    >Rabies</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Dermatophytosis"
+                                    title="Dermatophytosis"
+                                    >Ringworm</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Tritrichomonas_foetus"
+                                    title="Tritrichomonas foetus"
+                                    >Tritrichomonas foetus</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Toxocara_cati"
+                                    title="Toxocara cati"
+                                    >Roundworm</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cat_skin_disorders"
+                                    title="Cat skin disorders"
+                                    >Skin disorders</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis"
+                                    title="Toxoplasmosis"
+                                    >Toxoplasmosis</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis"
+                                    title="Feline viral rhinotracheitis"
+                                    >Viral rhinotracheitis</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            <a
+                              href="/wiki/Category:Cats_by_country"
+                              title="Category:Cats by country"
+                              >Cats by country</a
+                            >
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cats_in_Australia"
+                                    title="Cats in Australia"
+                                    >Australia</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Canada"
+                                    title="Category:Cats in Canada"
+                                    >Canada</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Japan"
+                                    title="Category:Cats in Japan"
+                                    >Japan</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cats_in_New_Zealand"
+                                    title="Cats in New Zealand"
+                                    >New Zealand</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_the_United_Kingdom"
+                                    title="Category:Cats in the United Kingdom"
+                                    >United Kingdom</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Cats_in_the_United_States"
+                                    title="Cats in the United States"
+                                    >United States</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            Related
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cats"
+                                    title="List of individual cats"
+                                    >List of individual cats</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/List_of_longest-living_cats"
+                                    title="List of longest-living cats"
+                                    >List of longest-living cats</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Category:Cat_folklore"
+                                    title="Category:Cat folklore"
+                                    >Cats in folklore</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-abovebelow"
+                            colspan="2"
+                            style="font-weight: bold"
+                          >
+                            <div>
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"
+                                    ><span title="Category"
+                                      ><img
+                                        alt=""
+                                        src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png"
+                                        decoding="async"
+                                        width="16"
+                                        height="16"
+                                        class="mw-file-element"
+                                        srcset="
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                          //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x
+                                        "
+                                        data-file-width="180"
+                                        data-file-height="185" /></span
+                                  ></span>
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Category:Cats"
+                                    title="Category:Cats"
+                                    >Category</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="navbox-styles">
+                    <link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <div
+                    role="navigation"
+                    class="navbox"
+                    aria-labelledby="Extant_Carnivora_species"
+                    style="padding: 3px"
+                  >
+                    <table
+                      class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner"
+                      style="
+                        border-spacing: 0;
+                        background: transparent;
+                        color: inherit;
+                      "
+                    >
+                      <tbody>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">
+                            <link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                            /><link
+                              rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                              href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"
+                            />
+                            <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li class="nv-view">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template:Carnivora"
+                                    title="Template:Carnivora"
+                                    ><abbr title="View this template"
+                                      >v</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-talk">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carnivora"
+                                    title="Template talk:Carnivora"
+                                    ><abbr title="Discuss this template"
+                                      >t</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li class="nv-edit">
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora"
+                                    title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora"
+                                    ><abbr title="Edit this template"
+                                      >e</abbr
+                                    ></a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                            <div
+                              id="Extant_Carnivora_species"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              Extant
+                              <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora"
+                                >Carnivora</a
+                              >
+                              species
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2">
+                            <div>
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  Kingdom:
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal"
+                                    >Animalia</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  Phylum:
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate"
+                                    >Chordata</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  Class:
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal"
+                                    >Mammalia</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  Infraclass:
+                                  <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria"
+                                    >Eutheria</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  Superorder:
+                                  <a
+                                    href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria"
+                                    title="Laurasiatheria"
+                                    >Laurasiatheria</a
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Feliformia_(&amp;quot;cat-like&amp;quot;_carnivorans)"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Feliformia"
+                                        title="Feliformia"
+                                        >Feliformia
+                                        <span
+                                          style="
+                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                            font-style: normal;
+                                          "
+                                          >("cat-like" carnivorans)</span
+                                        ></a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            id="Feliformia"
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Feliformia"
+                                                title="Feliformia"
+                                                >Feliformia</a
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/African_palm_civet"
+                                                            title="African palm civet"
+                                                            >African palm civet
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >Nandinia
+                                                              binotata</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            id="Feloidea"
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                position: absolute;
+                                                                transform: translate(
+                                                                    -50%,
+                                                                    -50%
+                                                                  )
+                                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Feliformia"
+                                                                title="Feliformia"
+                                                                >Feloidea</a
+                                                              >
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    id="Prionodon_(Asiatic_linsangs)"
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang"
+                                                                        title="Asiatic linsang"
+                                                                        >Prionodon</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                    <small
+                                                                      ><span
+                                                                        style="
+                                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                                        "
+                                                                        >(Asiatic
+                                                                        linsangs)</span
+                                                                      ></small
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Banded_linsang"
+                                                                            title="Banded linsang"
+                                                                            >Banded
+                                                                            linsang
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              linsang</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang"
+                                                                            title="Spotted linsang"
+                                                                            >Spotted
+                                                                            linsang
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              pardicolor</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                    <table
+                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <th
+                                                                            id="Felidae_(cats)"
+                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                position: absolute;
+                                                                                transform: translate(
+                                                                                    -50%,
+                                                                                    -50%
+                                                                                  )
+                                                                                  rotate(
+                                                                                    270deg
+                                                                                  );
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <a
+                                                                                href="/wiki/Felidae"
+                                                                                title="Felidae"
+                                                                                >Felidae</a
+                                                                              >
+                                                                              <small
+                                                                                ><span
+                                                                                  style="
+                                                                                    color: #696969;
+                                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                                  "
+                                                                                  >(cats)</span
+                                                                                ></small
+                                                                              >
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </th>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                            <table
+                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                    "
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                                    <table
+                                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    >
+                                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            id="Pantherinae"
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <a
+                                                                                              href="/wiki/Pantherinae"
+                                                                                              title="Pantherinae"
+                                                                                              >Pantherinae</a
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Neofelis"
+                                                                                                        title="Neofelis"
+                                                                                                        >Neofelis</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard"
+                                                                                                            title="Sunda clouded leopard"
+                                                                                                            >Sunda
+                                                                                                            clouded
+                                                                                                            leopard
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >N.
+                                                                                                              diardi</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard"
+                                                                                                            title="Clouded leopard"
+                                                                                                            >Clouded
+                                                                                                            leopard
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >N.
+                                                                                                              nebulosa</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Panthera"
+                                                                                                        title="Panthera"
+                                                                                                        >Panthera</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Snow_leopard"
+                                                                                                            title="Snow leopard"
+                                                                                                            >Snow
+                                                                                                            leopard
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              uncia</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Tiger"
+                                                                                                            title="Tiger"
+                                                                                                            >Tiger
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              tigris</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Jaguar"
+                                                                                                            title="Jaguar"
+                                                                                                            >Jaguar
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              onca</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Lion"
+                                                                                                            title="Lion"
+                                                                                                            >Lion
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              leo</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Leopard"
+                                                                                                            title="Leopard"
+                                                                                                            >Leopard
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              pardus</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                                    </table>
+                                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                    "
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        position: absolute;
+                                                                                        transform: translate(
+                                                                                            -50%,
+                                                                                            -50%
+                                                                                          )
+                                                                                          rotate(
+                                                                                            270deg
+                                                                                          );
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    >
+                                                                                      <a
+                                                                                        href="/wiki/Felinae"
+                                                                                        title="Felinae"
+                                                                                        >Felinae</a
+                                                                                      >
+                                                                                      <span
+                                                                                        style="
+                                                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                                                        "
+                                                                                        ><i
+                                                                                          >sensu
+                                                                                          stricto</i
+                                                                                        ></span
+                                                                                      >
+                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                    "
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                                    <table
+                                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                      "
+                                                                                    >
+                                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            Bay
+                                                                                            cat<br />lineage
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Pardofelis"
+                                                                                                        title="Pardofelis"
+                                                                                                        >Pardofelis</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Marbled_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Marbled cat"
+                                                                                                            >Marbled
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              marmorata</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Catopuma"
+                                                                                                        title="Catopuma"
+                                                                                                        >Catopuma</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Bay_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Bay cat"
+                                                                                                            >Bay
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >C.
+                                                                                                              badia</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Asian golden cat"
+                                                                                                            >Asian
+                                                                                                            golden
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >C.
+                                                                                                              temminckii</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            Caracal<br />lineage
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Serval"
+                                                                                                            title="Serval"
+                                                                                                            >Serval
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >Leptailurus
+                                                                                                              serval</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)"
+                                                                                                        title="Caracal (genus)"
+                                                                                                        >Caracal</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/African_golden_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="African golden cat"
+                                                                                                            >African
+                                                                                                            golden
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >C.
+                                                                                                              aurata</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Caracal"
+                                                                                                            title="Caracal"
+                                                                                                            >Caracal
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >C.
+                                                                                                              caracal</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <i
+                                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                                href="/wiki/Leopardus"
+                                                                                                title="Leopardus"
+                                                                                                >Leopardus</a
+                                                                                              ></i
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Pampas_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Pampas cat"
+                                                                                                    >Pampas
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      colocola</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Geoffroy&#39;s cat"
+                                                                                                    >Geoffroy's
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      geoffroyi</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Kodkod"
+                                                                                                    title="Kodkod"
+                                                                                                    >Kodkod
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      guigna</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus"
+                                                                                                    title="Leopardus guttulus"
+                                                                                                    >Southern
+                                                                                                    tiger
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      guttulus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Andean mountain cat"
+                                                                                                    >Andean
+                                                                                                    mountain
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      jacobita</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Ocelot"
+                                                                                                    title="Ocelot"
+                                                                                                    >Ocelot
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      pardalis</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Oncilla"
+                                                                                                    title="Oncilla"
+                                                                                                    >Oncilla
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      tigrinus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Margay"
+                                                                                                    title="Margay"
+                                                                                                    >Margay
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      wiedii</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                                            </div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <i
+                                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                                href="/wiki/Lynx"
+                                                                                                title="Lynx"
+                                                                                                >Lynx</a
+                                                                                              ></i
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Canada_lynx"
+                                                                                                    title="Canada lynx"
+                                                                                                    >Canada
+                                                                                                    lynx
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      canadensis</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx"
+                                                                                                    title="Eurasian lynx"
+                                                                                                    >Eurasian
+                                                                                                    lynx
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      lynx</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx"
+                                                                                                    title="Iberian lynx"
+                                                                                                    >Iberian
+                                                                                                    lynx
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      pardinus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Bobcat"
+                                                                                                    title="Bobcat"
+                                                                                                    >Bobcat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >L.
+                                                                                                      rufus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                                            </div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            Puma<br />lineage
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    id="Acinonyx"
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Acinonyx"
+                                                                                                        title="Acinonyx"
+                                                                                                        >Acinonyx</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Cheetah"
+                                                                                                            title="Cheetah"
+                                                                                                            >Cheetah
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >A.
+                                                                                                              jubatus</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Jaguarundi"
+                                                                                                            title="Jaguarundi"
+                                                                                                            >Jaguarundi
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >Herpailurus
+                                                                                                              yagouaroundi</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)"
+                                                                                                        title="Puma (genus)"
+                                                                                                        >Puma</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Cougar"
+                                                                                                            title="Cougar"
+                                                                                                            >Cougar
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              concolor</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            Leopard
+                                                                                            cat<br />lineage
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            ></div>
+                                                                                            <table
+                                                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Pallas&#39;s cat"
+                                                                                                            >Pallas's
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >Otocolobus
+                                                                                                              manul</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                                <tr>
+                                                                                                  <th
+                                                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <i
+                                                                                                      ><a
+                                                                                                        href="/wiki/Prionailurus"
+                                                                                                        title="Prionailurus"
+                                                                                                        >Prionailurus</a
+                                                                                                      ></i
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                  </th>
+                                                                                                  <td
+                                                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                                                    style="
+                                                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                                                    "
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                    <div
+                                                                                                      style="
+                                                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                                                      "
+                                                                                                    >
+                                                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Leopard_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Leopard cat"
+                                                                                                            >Leopard
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              bengalensis</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Sunda leopard cat"
+                                                                                                            >Sunda
+                                                                                                            leopard
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              javanensis</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Flat-headed cat"
+                                                                                                            >Flat-headed
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              planiceps</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Rusty-spotted cat"
+                                                                                                            >Rusty-spotted
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              rubiginosus</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                        <li>
+                                                                                                          <a
+                                                                                                            href="/wiki/Fishing_cat"
+                                                                                                            title="Fishing cat"
+                                                                                                            >Fishing
+                                                                                                            cat
+                                                                                                            (<i
+                                                                                                              >P.
+                                                                                                              viverrinus</i
+                                                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                                                          >
+                                                                                                        </li>
+                                                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                                                    </div>
+                                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                                            </table>
+                                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                                          <th
+                                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <i
+                                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                                href="/wiki/Felis"
+                                                                                                title="Felis"
+                                                                                                >Felis</a
+                                                                                              ></i
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                          </th>
+                                                                                          <td
+                                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                                            style="
+                                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                                            "
+                                                                                          >
+                                                                                            <div
+                                                                                              style="
+                                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                                              "
+                                                                                            >
+                                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Chinese mountain cat"
+                                                                                                    >Chinese
+                                                                                                    mountain
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      bieti</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    class="mw-selflink selflink"
+                                                                                                    >Domestic
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      catus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Jungle_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Jungle cat"
+                                                                                                    >Jungle
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      chaus</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/African_wildcat"
+                                                                                                    title="African wildcat"
+                                                                                                    >African
+                                                                                                    wildcat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      lybica</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Sand_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Sand cat"
+                                                                                                    >Sand
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      margarita</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat"
+                                                                                                    title="Black-footed cat"
+                                                                                                    >Black-footed
+                                                                                                    cat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      nigripes</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                                    href="/wiki/European_wildcat"
+                                                                                                    title="European wildcat"
+                                                                                                    >European
+                                                                                                    wildcat
+                                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                                      >F.
+                                                                                                      silvestris</i
+                                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                                  >
+                                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                                            </div>
+                                                                                          </td>
+                                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                                    </table>
+                                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                                  </td>
+                                                                                </tr>
+                                                                              </tbody>
+                                                                            </table>
+                                                                            <div></div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                    </table>
+                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Viverroidea"
+                                                      title="Viverroidea"
+                                                      >Viverroidea</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <ul>
+                                                            <li>see below↓</li>
+                                                          </ul>
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Viverroidea"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Viverroidea"
+                                        title="Viverroidea"
+                                        >Viverroidea</a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            id="Viverridae"
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Viverridae"
+                                                title="Viverridae"
+                                                >Viverridae</a
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Hemigalinae"
+                                                      title="Hemigalinae"
+                                                      >Hemigalinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet"
+                                                            title="Owston&#39;s palm civet"
+                                                            >Owston's palm civet
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >Chrotogale
+                                                              owstoni</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Otter_civet"
+                                                            title="Otter civet"
+                                                            >Otter civet (<i
+                                                              >Cynogale
+                                                              bennettii</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet"
+                                                            title="Hose&#39;s palm civet"
+                                                            >Hose's palm civet
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >Diplogale
+                                                              hosei</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet"
+                                                            title="Banded palm civet"
+                                                            >Banded palm civet
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >Hemigalus
+                                                              derbyanus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae"
+                                                      title="Paradoxurinae"
+                                                      >Paradoxurinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Binturong"
+                                                                    title="Binturong"
+                                                                    >Binturong
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Arctictis
+                                                                      binturong</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Small-toothed palm civet"
+                                                                    >Small-toothed
+                                                                    palm civet
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Arctogalidia
+                                                                      trivirgata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Sulawesi palm civet"
+                                                                    >Sulawesi
+                                                                    palm civet
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Macrogalidia
+                                                                      musschenbroekii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Masked palm civet"
+                                                                    >Masked palm
+                                                                    civet (<i
+                                                                      >Paguma
+                                                                      larvata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Paradoxurus"
+                                                                title="Paradoxurus"
+                                                                >Paradoxurus</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Asian palm civet"
+                                                                    >Asian palm
+                                                                    civet (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      hermaphroditus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Brown palm civet"
+                                                                    >Brown palm
+                                                                    civet (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      jerdoni</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet"
+                                                                    title="Golden palm civet"
+                                                                    >Golden palm
+                                                                    civet (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      zeylonensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato"
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1em;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                position: absolute;
+                                                                transform: translate(
+                                                                    -50%,
+                                                                    -50%
+                                                                  )
+                                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <br /><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Viverrinae"
+                                                                title="Viverrinae"
+                                                                >Viverrinae</a
+                                                              >
+                                                              <br /><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><i
+                                                                  >sensu lato</i
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              >
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <a
+                                                                      href="/wiki/Viverrinae"
+                                                                      title="Viverrinae"
+                                                                      >Viverrinae</a
+                                                                    ><br /><span
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        font-weight: normal;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                      ><i
+                                                                        >sensu
+                                                                        stricto</i
+                                                                      ></span
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                    <table
+                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Small Indian civet"
+                                                                                    >Small
+                                                                                    Indian
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >Viverricula
+                                                                                      indica</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/African_civet"
+                                                                                    title="African civet"
+                                                                                    >African
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >Civettictis
+                                                                                      civetta</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <th
+                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <i
+                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                href="/wiki/Viverra"
+                                                                                title="Viverra"
+                                                                                >Viverra</a
+                                                                              ></i
+                                                                            >
+                                                                          </th>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Malabar large-spotted civet"
+                                                                                    >Malabar
+                                                                                    large-spotted
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >V.
+                                                                                      civettina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Large-spotted civet"
+                                                                                    >Large-spotted
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >V.
+                                                                                      megaspila</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Malayan_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Malayan civet"
+                                                                                    >Malayan
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >V.
+                                                                                      tangalunga</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet"
+                                                                                    title="Large Indian civet"
+                                                                                    >Large
+                                                                                    Indian
+                                                                                    civet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >V.
+                                                                                      zibetha</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                    </table>
+                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <a
+                                                                      href="/wiki/Genettinae"
+                                                                      title="Genettinae"
+                                                                      >Genettinae</a
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    ></div>
+                                                                    <table
+                                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        border-spacing: 0;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <tbody>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <th
+                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <i
+                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)"
+                                                                                title="Poiana (genus)"
+                                                                                >Poiana</a
+                                                                              ></i
+                                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                                              ><span
+                                                                                style="
+                                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                                "
+                                                                                >(African
+                                                                                linsangs)</span
+                                                                              ></small
+                                                                            >
+                                                                          </th>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan"
+                                                                                    title="Central African oyan"
+                                                                                    >Central
+                                                                                    African
+                                                                                    oyan
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >P.
+                                                                                      richardsonii</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/West_African_oyan"
+                                                                                    title="West African oyan"
+                                                                                    >West
+                                                                                    African
+                                                                                    oyan
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >P.
+                                                                                      leightoni</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                        <tr>
+                                                                          <th
+                                                                            scope="row"
+                                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <i
+                                                                              ><a
+                                                                                href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)"
+                                                                                title="Genet (animal)"
+                                                                                >Genetta</a
+                                                                              ></i
+                                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                                              ><span
+                                                                                style="
+                                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                                "
+                                                                                >(genets)</span
+                                                                              ></small
+                                                                            >
+                                                                          </th>
+                                                                          <td
+                                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                            style="
+                                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                                            "
+                                                                          >
+                                                                            <div
+                                                                              style="
+                                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                                              "
+                                                                            >
+                                                                              <ul>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Abyssinian genet"
+                                                                                    >Abyssinian
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      abyssinica</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Angolan_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Angolan genet"
+                                                                                    >Angolan
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      angolensis</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Bourlon&#39;s genet"
+                                                                                    >Bourlon's
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      bourloni</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Crested servaline genet"
+                                                                                    >Crested
+                                                                                    servaline
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      cristata</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Common_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Common genet"
+                                                                                    >Common
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      genetta</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Johnston&#39;s genet"
+                                                                                    >Johnston's
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      johnstoni</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Letaba_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Letaba genet"
+                                                                                    >Letaba
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      letabae</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Rusty-spotted genet"
+                                                                                    >Rusty-spotted
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      maculata</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Pardine_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Pardine genet"
+                                                                                    >Pardine
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      pardina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Aquatic genet"
+                                                                                    >Aquatic
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      piscivora</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/King_genet"
+                                                                                    title="King genet"
+                                                                                    >King
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      poensis</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Servaline_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Servaline genet"
+                                                                                    >Servaline
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      servalina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Hausa_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Hausa genet"
+                                                                                    >Hausa
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      thierryi</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Cape_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Cape genet"
+                                                                                    >Cape
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      tigrina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet"
+                                                                                    title="Giant forest genet"
+                                                                                    >Giant
+                                                                                    forest
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      victoriae</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                                <li>
+                                                                                  <a
+                                                                                    href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet"
+                                                                                    title="South African small-spotted genet"
+                                                                                    >South
+                                                                                    African
+                                                                                    small-spotted
+                                                                                    genet
+                                                                                    (<i
+                                                                                      >G.
+                                                                                      felina</i
+                                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                                  >
+                                                                                </li>
+                                                                              </ul>
+                                                                            </div>
+                                                                          </td>
+                                                                        </tr>
+                                                                      </tbody>
+                                                                    </table>
+                                                                    <div></div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <td
+                                            colspan="2"
+                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Herpestoidea"
+                                                      title="Herpestoidea"
+                                                      >Herpestoidea</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <ul>
+                                                            <li>see below↓</li>
+                                                          </ul>
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Herpestoidea"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Herpestoidea"
+                                        title="Herpestoidea"
+                                        >Herpestoidea</a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <td
+                                            colspan="2"
+                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)"
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Hyena"
+                                                      title="Hyena"
+                                                      >Hyaenidae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(hyenas)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Proteles"
+                                                                title="Proteles"
+                                                                >Proteles</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Aardwolf"
+                                                                    title="Aardwolf"
+                                                                    >Aardwolf
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      cristata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Hyaeninae"
+                                                              class="mw-redirect"
+                                                              title="Hyaeninae"
+                                                              >Hyaeninae</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                >(bone-crushing
+                                                                hyenas)</span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Striped_hyena"
+                                                                            title="Striped hyena"
+                                                                            >Striped
+                                                                            hyena
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Hyaena
+                                                                              hyaena</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Brown_hyena"
+                                                                            title="Brown hyena"
+                                                                            >Brown
+                                                                            hyena
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Parahyaena
+                                                                              brunnea</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Crocuta"
+                                                                        title="Crocuta"
+                                                                        >Crocuta</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena"
+                                                                            title="Spotted hyena"
+                                                                            >Spotted
+                                                                            hyena
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              crocuta</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Mongoose"
+                                                title="Mongoose"
+                                                >Herpestidae</a
+                                              >
+                                              <span style="font-weight: normal"
+                                                ><i>sensu lato</i></span
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                      text-align: left;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Eupleridae"
+                                                      title="Eupleridae"
+                                                      >Eupleridae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 5.7em"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Euplerinae"
+                                                              title="Euplerinae"
+                                                              >Euplerinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)"
+                                                                            title="Fossa (animal)"
+                                                                            >Fossa
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Cryptoprocta
+                                                                              ferox</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet"
+                                                                            title="Malagasy civet"
+                                                                            >Malagasy
+                                                                            civet
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Fossa
+                                                                              fossana</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Eupleres"
+                                                                        title="Eupleres"
+                                                                        >Eupleres</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc"
+                                                                            title="Eastern falanouc"
+                                                                            >Eastern
+                                                                            falanouc
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >E.
+                                                                              goudotii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Western_falanouc"
+                                                                            title="Western falanouc"
+                                                                            >Western
+                                                                            falanouc
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >E.
+                                                                              major</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 5.7em"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Galidiinae"
+                                                              title="Galidiinae"
+                                                              >Galidiinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira"
+                                                                            title="Ring-tailed vontsira"
+                                                                            >Ring-tailed
+                                                                            vontsira
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Galidia
+                                                                              elegans</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Galidictis"
+                                                                        title="Galidictis"
+                                                                        >Galidictis</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose"
+                                                                            >Broad-striped
+                                                                            Malagasy
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >G.
+                                                                              fasciata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Grandidier&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Grandidier's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >G.
+                                                                              grandidieri</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Narrow-striped mongoose"
+                                                                            >Narrow-striped
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Mungotictis
+                                                                              decemlineata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Salanoia"
+                                                                        title="Salanoia"
+                                                                        >Salanoia</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Brown-tailed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Brown-tailed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >S.
+                                                                              concolor</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira"
+                                                                            title="Durrell&#39;s vontsira"
+                                                                            >Durrell's
+                                                                            vontsira
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >S.
+                                                                              durrelli</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                      text-align: left;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Mongoose"
+                                                      title="Mongoose"
+                                                      >Herpestidae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                    <span
+                                                      style="
+                                                        font-weight: normal;
+                                                      "
+                                                      ><br /><i
+                                                        >sensu stricto</i
+                                                      ></span
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(mongooses)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy"
+                                                              title="Mongoose"
+                                                              >Mungotinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    id="Suricata"
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Suricata"
+                                                                        title="Suricata"
+                                                                        >Suricata</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Meerkat"
+                                                                            title="Meerkat"
+                                                                            >Meerkat
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >S.
+                                                                              suricatta</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Liberian mongoose"
+                                                                            >Liberian
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Liberiictus
+                                                                              kuhni</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Mungos"
+                                                                        title="Mungos"
+                                                                        >Mungos</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Gambian mongoose"
+                                                                            >Gambian
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >M.
+                                                                              gambianus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Banded mongoose"
+                                                                            >Banded
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >M.
+                                                                              mungo</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Pousargues&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Pousargues's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Dologale
+                                                                              dybowskii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Helogale"
+                                                                        title="Helogale"
+                                                                        >Helogale</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose"
+                                                                            >Ethiopian
+                                                                            dwarf
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              hirtula</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Common dwarf mongoose"
+                                                                            >Common
+                                                                            dwarf
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              parvula</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Crossarchus"
+                                                                        title="Crossarchus"
+                                                                        >Crossarchus</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse"
+                                                                            title="Alexander&#39;s kusimanse"
+                                                                            >Alexander's
+                                                                            kusimanse
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              alexandri</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse"
+                                                                            title="Angolan kusimanse"
+                                                                            >Angolan
+                                                                            kusimanse
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              ansorgei</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse"
+                                                                            title="Common kusimanse"
+                                                                            >Common
+                                                                            kusimanse
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              obscurus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse"
+                                                                            title="Flat-headed kusimanse"
+                                                                            >Flat-headed
+                                                                            kusimanse
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              platycephalus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy"
+                                                              title="Mongoose"
+                                                              >Herpestinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Marsh mongoose"
+                                                                            >Marsh
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Atilax
+                                                                              paludinosus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Long-nosed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Long-nosed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Xenogale
+                                                                              naso</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)"
+                                                                        title="Urva (genus)"
+                                                                        >Urva</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Small Indian mongoose"
+                                                                            >Small
+                                                                            Indian
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              auropunctata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Short-tailed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Short-tailed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              brachyura</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Indian grey mongoose"
+                                                                            >Indian
+                                                                            grey
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              edwardsii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Indian brown mongoose"
+                                                                            >Indian
+                                                                            brown
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              fusca</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Javan mongoose"
+                                                                            >Javan
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              javanica</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Collared mongoose"
+                                                                            >Collared
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              semitorquata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Ruddy mongoose"
+                                                                            >Ruddy
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              smithii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Crab-eating mongoose"
+                                                                            >Crab-eating
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              urva</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Stripe-necked mongoose"
+                                                                            >Stripe-necked
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              vitticolla</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="White-tailed mongoose"
+                                                                            >White-tailed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Ichneumia
+                                                                              albicauda</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Yellow mongoose"
+                                                                            >Yellow
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Cynictis
+                                                                              penicillata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Selous&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Selous's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Paracynictis
+                                                                              selousi</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Meller&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Meller's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Rhynchogale
+                                                                              melleri</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Bdeogale"
+                                                                        title="Bdeogale"
+                                                                        >Bdeogale</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Bushy-tailed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Bushy-tailed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >B.
+                                                                              crassicauda</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Jackson&#39;s mongoose"
+                                                                            >Jackson's
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >B.
+                                                                              jacksoni</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Black-footed mongoose"
+                                                                            >Black-footed
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >B.
+                                                                              nigripes</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Herpestes"
+                                                                        title="Herpestes"
+                                                                        >Herpestes</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Angolan slender mongoose"
+                                                                            >Angolan
+                                                                            slender
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              flavescens</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Egyptian mongoose"
+                                                                            >Egyptian
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              ichneumon</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Somalian slender mongoose"
+                                                                            >Somalian
+                                                                            slender
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              ochracea</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Cape gray mongoose"
+                                                                            >Cape
+                                                                            gray
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              pulverulenta</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose"
+                                                                            title="Common slender mongoose"
+                                                                            >Common
+                                                                            slender
+                                                                            mongoose
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >H.
+                                                                              sanguinea</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Caniformia_(&amp;quot;dog-like&amp;quot;_carnivorans)"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Caniformia"
+                                        title="Caniformia"
+                                        >Caniformia
+                                        <span
+                                          style="
+                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                            font-style: normal;
+                                          "
+                                          >("dog-like" carnivorans)</span
+                                        ></a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            id="Canidae_(dogs)"
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Canidae"
+                                                title="Canidae"
+                                                >Canidae</a
+                                              >
+                                              <small
+                                                ><span
+                                                  style="
+                                                    color: #696969;
+                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                  "
+                                                  >(dogs)</span
+                                                ></small
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 4.63em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Urocyon"
+                                                        title="Urocyon"
+                                                        >Urocyon</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Gray_fox"
+                                                            title="Gray fox"
+                                                            >Gray fox (<i
+                                                              >U.
+                                                              cinereoargenteus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Island_fox"
+                                                            title="Island fox"
+                                                            >Island fox (<i
+                                                              >U. littoralis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 4.63em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Vulpini"
+                                                      title="Vulpini"
+                                                      >Vulpini</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox"
+                                                                    title="Bat-eared fox"
+                                                                    >Bat-eared
+                                                                    fox (<i
+                                                                      >Otocyon
+                                                                      megalotis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Nyctereutes"
+                                                                title="Nyctereutes"
+                                                                >Nyctereutes</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog"
+                                                                    title="Common raccoon dog"
+                                                                    >Common
+                                                                    raccoon dog
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      procyonoides</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog"
+                                                                    title="Japanese raccoon dog"
+                                                                    >Japanese
+                                                                    raccoon dog
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      viverrinus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Vulpes"
+                                                                title="Vulpes"
+                                                                >Vulpes</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                  font-style: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                >(<a
+                                                                  href="/wiki/Fox"
+                                                                  title="Fox"
+                                                                  >foxes</a
+                                                                >)</span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Bengal_fox"
+                                                                    title="Bengal fox"
+                                                                    >Bengal fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      bengalensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox"
+                                                                    title="Blanford&#39;s fox"
+                                                                    >Blanford's
+                                                                    fox (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      cana</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Cape_fox"
+                                                                    title="Cape fox"
+                                                                    >Cape fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      chama</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Corsac_fox"
+                                                                    title="Corsac fox"
+                                                                    >Corsac fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      corsac</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox"
+                                                                    title="Tibetan fox"
+                                                                    >Tibetan fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      ferrilata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Arctic_fox"
+                                                                    title="Arctic fox"
+                                                                    >Arctic fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      lagopus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Kit_fox"
+                                                                    title="Kit fox"
+                                                                    >Kit fox (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      macrotis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Pale_fox"
+                                                                    title="Pale fox"
+                                                                    >Pale fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      pallida</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox"
+                                                                    title="Rüppell&#39;s fox"
+                                                                    >Rüppell's
+                                                                    fox (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      rueppelli</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Swift_fox"
+                                                                    title="Swift fox"
+                                                                    >Swift fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      velox</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Red_fox"
+                                                                    title="Red fox"
+                                                                    >Red fox (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      vulpes</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Fennec_fox"
+                                                                    title="Fennec fox"
+                                                                    >Fennec fox
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >V.
+                                                                      zerda</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 4.63em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)"
+                                                      title="Canini (tribe)"
+                                                      >Canini</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(true dogs)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina"
+                                                              title="Cerdocyonina"
+                                                              >Cerdocyonina</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                >(zorro)</span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Maned_wolf"
+                                                                            title="Maned wolf"
+                                                                            >Maned
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Chrysocyon
+                                                                              brachyurus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Speothos"
+                                                                        title="Speothos"
+                                                                        >Speothos</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Bush_dog"
+                                                                            title="Bush dog"
+                                                                            >Bush
+                                                                            dog
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >S.
+                                                                              venaticus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog"
+                                                                            title="Short-eared dog"
+                                                                            >Short-eared
+                                                                            dog
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Atelocynus
+                                                                              microtis</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox"
+                                                                            title="Crab-eating fox"
+                                                                            >Crab-eating
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Cerdocyon
+                                                                              thous</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/South_American_fox"
+                                                                        title="South American fox"
+                                                                        >Lycalopex</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Culpeo"
+                                                                            title="Culpeo"
+                                                                            >Culpeo
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              culpaeus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox"
+                                                                            title="Darwin&#39;s fox"
+                                                                            >Darwin's
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              fulvipes</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox"
+                                                                            title="South American gray fox"
+                                                                            >South
+                                                                            American
+                                                                            gray
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              griseus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Pampas_fox"
+                                                                            title="Pampas fox"
+                                                                            >Pampas
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              gymnocercus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox"
+                                                                            title="Sechuran fox"
+                                                                            >Sechuran
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              sechurae</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Hoary_fox"
+                                                                            title="Hoary fox"
+                                                                            >Hoary
+                                                                            fox
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              vetulus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)"
+                                                              title="Canina (subtribe)"
+                                                              >Canina</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                  font-weight: normal;
+                                                                "
+                                                                >(wolf-like
+                                                                canids)</span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    id="Lupulella"
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Lupulella"
+                                                                        title="Lupulella"
+                                                                        >Lupulella</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal"
+                                                                            title="Side-striped jackal"
+                                                                            >Side-striped
+                                                                            jackal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              adustus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal"
+                                                                            title="Black-backed jackal"
+                                                                            >Black-backed
+                                                                            jackal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >L.
+                                                                              mesomelas</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/African_wild_dog"
+                                                                            title="African wild dog"
+                                                                            >African
+                                                                            wild
+                                                                            dog
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Lycaon
+                                                                              pictus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Dhole"
+                                                                            title="Dhole"
+                                                                            >Dhole
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Cuon
+                                                                              alpinus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Canis"
+                                                                        title="Canis"
+                                                                        >Canis</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Golden_jackal"
+                                                                            title="Golden jackal"
+                                                                            >Golden
+                                                                            jackal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              aureus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Dog"
+                                                                            title="Dog"
+                                                                            >Domestic
+                                                                            dog
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              familiaris</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Coyote"
+                                                                            title="Coyote"
+                                                                            >Coyote
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              latrans</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/African_wolf"
+                                                                            title="African wolf"
+                                                                            >African
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              lupaster</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Wolf"
+                                                                            title="Wolf"
+                                                                            >Wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              lupus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf"
+                                                                            title="Eastern wolf"
+                                                                            >Eastern
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              lycaon</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Red_wolf"
+                                                                            title="Red wolf"
+                                                                            >Red
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              rufus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf"
+                                                                            title="Ethiopian wolf"
+                                                                            >Ethiopian
+                                                                            wolf
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >C.
+                                                                              simensis</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Arctoidea"
+                                                title="Arctoidea"
+                                                >Arctoidea</a
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Bear"
+                                                      title="Bear"
+                                                      >Ursidae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="
+                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                          font-weight: normal;
+                                                        "
+                                                        >(bears)</span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Ailuropoda"
+                                                                title="Ailuropoda"
+                                                                >Ailuropoda</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Giant_panda"
+                                                                    title="Giant panda"
+                                                                    >Giant panda
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      melanoleuca</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Tremarctos"
+                                                                title="Tremarctos"
+                                                                >Tremarctos</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear"
+                                                                    title="Spectacled bear"
+                                                                    >Spectacled
+                                                                    bear (<i
+                                                                      >T.
+                                                                      ornatus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 6.66em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Ursinae"
+                                                              title="Ursinae"
+                                                              >Ursinae</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Sloth_bear"
+                                                                            title="Sloth bear"
+                                                                            >Sloth
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Melursus
+                                                                              ursinus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Sun_bear"
+                                                                            title="Sun bear"
+                                                                            >Sun
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Helarctos
+                                                                              malayanus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)"
+                                                                        title="Ursus (mammal)"
+                                                                        >Ursus</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/American_black_bear"
+                                                                            title="American black bear"
+                                                                            >American
+                                                                            black
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              americanus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear"
+                                                                            title="Asian black bear"
+                                                                            >Asian
+                                                                            black
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              thibetanus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Brown_bear"
+                                                                            title="Brown bear"
+                                                                            >Brown
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              arctos</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Polar_bear"
+                                                                            title="Polar bear"
+                                                                            >Polar
+                                                                            bear
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >U.
+                                                                              maritimus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Arctoidea"
+                                                      title="Arctoidea"
+                                                      >Mustelida</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Pinniped"
+                                                              title="Pinniped"
+                                                              >Pinnipedia</a
+                                                            >
+                                                            <small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(seals)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <ul>
+                                                                    <li>
+                                                                      see below↓
+                                                                    </li>
+                                                                  </ul>
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Musteloidea"
+                                                              title="Musteloidea"
+                                                              >Musteloidea</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <ul>
+                                                                    <li>
+                                                                      see below↓
+                                                                    </li>
+                                                                  </ul>
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Pinnipedia_(seals)"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped"
+                                        >Pinnipedia
+                                        <span
+                                          style="
+                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                            font-style: normal;
+                                          "
+                                          >(seals)</span
+                                        ></a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1em; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Odobenidae"
+                                              title="Odobenidae"
+                                              >Odobenidae</a
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Walrus"
+                                                    title="Walrus"
+                                                    >Walrus (<i
+                                                      >Odobenus rosmarus</i
+                                                    >)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1em; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <br /><a
+                                              href="/wiki/Eared_seal"
+                                              title="Eared seal"
+                                              >Otariidae</a
+                                            ><br /><small
+                                              ><span style="color: #696969"
+                                                ><span
+                                                  style="
+                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                  "
+                                                  >(eared seals:<br /><a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Fur_seal"
+                                                    title="Fur seal"
+                                                    >fur seals</a
+                                                  >,<br /><a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Sea_lion"
+                                                    title="Sea lion"
+                                                    >sea lions</a
+                                                  >)</span
+                                                ></span
+                                              ></small
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Callorhinus"
+                                                        title="Callorhinus"
+                                                        >Callorhinus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Northern fur seal"
+                                                            >Northern fur seal
+                                                            (<i>C. ursinus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Otariinae"
+                                                      class="mw-redirect"
+                                                      title="Otariinae"
+                                                      >Otariinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion"
+                                                                    title="Steller sea lion"
+                                                                    >Steller sea
+                                                                    lion (<i
+                                                                      >Eumetopias
+                                                                      jubatus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Zalophus"
+                                                                title="Zalophus"
+                                                                >Zalophus</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/California_sea_lion"
+                                                                    title="California sea lion"
+                                                                    >California
+                                                                    sea lion (<i
+                                                                      >Z.
+                                                                      californianus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion"
+                                                                    title="Galápagos sea lion"
+                                                                    >Galápagos
+                                                                    sea lion (<i
+                                                                      >Z.
+                                                                      wollebaeki</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion"
+                                                            title="South American sea lion"
+                                                            >South American sea
+                                                            lion (<i
+                                                              >Otaria
+                                                              flavescens</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Neophoca"
+                                                        title="Neophoca"
+                                                        >Neophoca</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion"
+                                                            title="Australian sea lion"
+                                                            >Australian sea lion
+                                                            (<i>N. cinerea</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion"
+                                                            title="New Zealand sea lion"
+                                                            >New Zealand sea
+                                                            lion (<i
+                                                              >Phocarctos
+                                                              hookeri</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="width: 1%"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Arctocephalus"
+                                                        title="Arctocephalus"
+                                                        >Arctocephalus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="South American fur seal"
+                                                            >South American fur
+                                                            seal (<i
+                                                              >A. australis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri"
+                                                            title="Arctocephalus forsteri"
+                                                            >Australasian fur
+                                                            seal (<i
+                                                              >A. forsteri</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Galápagos fur seal"
+                                                            >Galápagos fur seal
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >A.
+                                                              galapagoensis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Antarctic fur seal"
+                                                            >Antarctic fur seal
+                                                            (<i>A. gazella</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Juan Fernández fur seal"
+                                                            >Juan Fernández fur
+                                                            seal (<i
+                                                              >A. philippii</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Brown fur seal"
+                                                            >Brown fur seal (<i
+                                                              >A. pusillus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Guadalupe fur seal"
+                                                            >Guadalupe fur seal
+                                                            (<i>A. townsendi</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal"
+                                                            title="Subantarctic fur seal"
+                                                            >Subantarctic fur
+                                                            seal (<i
+                                                              >A. tropicalis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1em; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Earless_seal"
+                                              title="Earless seal"
+                                              >Phocidae</a
+                                            ><br /><small
+                                              ><span style="color: #696969"
+                                                ><span
+                                                  style="
+                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                  "
+                                                  >(earless seals<br />or true
+                                                  seals)</span
+                                                ></span
+                                              ></small
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Phocinae"
+                                                      title="Phocinae"
+                                                      >Phocinae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >("northern
+                                                          seals")</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Bearded_seal"
+                                                                    title="Bearded seal"
+                                                                    >Bearded
+                                                                    seal (<i
+                                                                      >Erignathus
+                                                                      barbatus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Hooded_seal"
+                                                                    title="Hooded seal"
+                                                                    >Hooded seal
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Cystophora
+                                                                      cristata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Phocini"
+                                                              class="mw-redirect"
+                                                              title="Phocini"
+                                                              >Phocini</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Harp_seal"
+                                                                            title="Harp seal"
+                                                                            >Harp
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Pagophilus
+                                                                              groenlandicus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal"
+                                                                            title="Ribbon seal"
+                                                                            >Ribbon
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Histriophoca
+                                                                              fasciata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Grey_seal"
+                                                                            title="Grey seal"
+                                                                            >Grey
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Halichoerus
+                                                                              grypus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Phoca"
+                                                                        title="Phoca"
+                                                                        >Phoca</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Spotted_seal"
+                                                                            title="Spotted seal"
+                                                                            >Spotted
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              largha</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Harbor_seal"
+                                                                            title="Harbor seal"
+                                                                            >Harbor
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              vitulina</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Pusa"
+                                                                        title="Pusa"
+                                                                        >Pusa</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Caspian_seal"
+                                                                            title="Caspian seal"
+                                                                            >Caspian
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              caspica</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ringed_seal"
+                                                                            title="Ringed seal"
+                                                                            >Ringed
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              hispida</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Baikal_seal"
+                                                                            title="Baikal seal"
+                                                                            >Baikal
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >P.
+                                                                              sibirica</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1em;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Monachinae"
+                                                      title="Monachinae"
+                                                      >Monachinae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >("southern
+                                                          seals")</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="padding: 0"
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            id="Monachini(monk_seals)"
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Monk_seal"
+                                                              title="Monk seal"
+                                                              >Monachini</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(monk
+                                                                  seals)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal"
+                                                                            title="Mediterranean monk seal"
+                                                                            >Mediterranean
+                                                                            monk
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Monachus
+                                                                              monachus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Neomonachus"
+                                                                        title="Neomonachus"
+                                                                        >Neomonachus</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal"
+                                                                            title="Hawaiian monk seal"
+                                                                            >Hawaiian
+                                                                            monk
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >N.
+                                                                              schauinslandi</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Elephant_seal"
+                                                                title="Elephant seal"
+                                                                >Mirounga</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(elephant
+                                                                  seals)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal"
+                                                                    title="Northern elephant seal"
+                                                                    >Northern
+                                                                    elephant
+                                                                    seal (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      angustirostris</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal"
+                                                                    title="Southern elephant seal"
+                                                                    >Southern
+                                                                    elephant
+                                                                    seal (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      leonina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/wiki/Lobodontini"
+                                                              title="Lobodontini"
+                                                              >Lobodontini</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(Antarctic
+                                                                  seals)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Leopard_seal"
+                                                                            title="Leopard seal"
+                                                                            >Leopard
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Hydrurga
+                                                                              leptonyx</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Weddell_seal"
+                                                                            title="Weddell seal"
+                                                                            >Weddell
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Leptonychotes
+                                                                              weddellii</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal"
+                                                                            title="Crabeater seal"
+                                                                            >Crabeater
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Lobodon
+                                                                              carcinophagus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Ross_seal"
+                                                                            title="Ross seal"
+                                                                            >Ross
+                                                                            seal
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Ommatophoca
+                                                                              rossi</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Musteloidea"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Musteloidea"
+                                        title="Musteloidea"
+                                        >Musteloidea</a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Ailuridae"
+                                              title="Ailuridae"
+                                              >Ailuridae</a
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Red_panda"
+                                                    title="Red panda"
+                                                    >Red panda (<i
+                                                      >Ailurus fulgens</i
+                                                    >)</a
+                                                  >
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Mephitidae"
+                                              title="Mephitidae"
+                                              >Mephitidae</a
+                                            ><br /><small
+                                              ><span style="color: #696969"
+                                                ><span
+                                                  style="
+                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                  "
+                                                  >(<a
+                                                    href="/wiki/Skunk"
+                                                    title="Skunk"
+                                                    >skunks</a
+                                                  >)</span
+                                                ></span
+                                              ></small
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                        title="Hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                        >Conepatus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(hog-nosed
+                                                          skunks)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                            title="Molina&#39;s hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                            >Molina's hog-nosed
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >C. chinga</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                            title="Humboldt&#39;s hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                            >Humboldt's
+                                                            hog-nosed skunk (<i
+                                                              >C. humboldtii</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                            title="American hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                            >American hog-nosed
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >C. leuconotus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk"
+                                                            title="Striped hog-nosed skunk"
+                                                            >Striped hog-nosed
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >C.
+                                                              semistriatus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)"
+                                                        title="Mephitis (genus)"
+                                                        >Mephitis</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk"
+                                                            title="Hooded skunk"
+                                                            >Hooded skunk (<i
+                                                              >M. macroura</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Striped_skunk"
+                                                            title="Striped skunk"
+                                                            >Striped skunk (<i
+                                                              >M. mephitis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Stink_badger"
+                                                        title="Stink badger"
+                                                        >Mydaus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(stink badgers)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger"
+                                                            title="Sunda stink badger"
+                                                            >Sunda stink badger
+                                                            (<i>M. javanensis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger"
+                                                            title="Palawan stink badger"
+                                                            >Palawan stink
+                                                            badger (<i
+                                                              >M. marchei</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk"
+                                                        title="Spotted skunk"
+                                                        >Spilogale</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(spotted
+                                                          skunks)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk"
+                                                            title="Southern spotted skunk"
+                                                            >Southern spotted
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >S.
+                                                              angustifrons</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk"
+                                                            title="Western spotted skunk"
+                                                            >Western spotted
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >S. gracilis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk"
+                                                            title="Eastern spotted skunk"
+                                                            >Eastern spotted
+                                                            skunk (<i
+                                                              >S. putorius</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk"
+                                                            title="Pygmy spotted skunk"
+                                                            >Pygmy spotted skunk
+                                                            (<i>S. pygmaea</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Procyonidae"
+                                              title="Procyonidae"
+                                              >Procyonidae</a
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Kinkajou"
+                                                            title="Kinkajou"
+                                                            >Kinkajou (<i
+                                                              >Potos flavus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Bassariscus"
+                                                        title="Bassariscus"
+                                                        >Bassariscus</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Ringtail"
+                                                            title="Ringtail"
+                                                            >Ringtail (<i
+                                                              >B. astutus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Cacomistle"
+                                                            title="Cacomistle"
+                                                            >Cacomistle (<i
+                                                              >B. sumichrasti</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)"
+                                                        title="Procyon (genus)"
+                                                        >Procyon</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(raccoons)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon"
+                                                            title="Crab-eating raccoon"
+                                                            >Crab-eating raccoon
+                                                            (<i
+                                                              >P. cancrivorus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Raccoon"
+                                                            title="Raccoon"
+                                                            >Raccoon (<i
+                                                              >P. lotor</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon"
+                                                            title="Cozumel raccoon"
+                                                            >Cozumel raccoon (<i
+                                                              >P. pygmaeus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Bassaricyon"
+                                                        title="Bassaricyon"
+                                                        >Bassaricyon</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(olingos)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo"
+                                                            title="Eastern lowland olingo"
+                                                            >Eastern lowland
+                                                            olingo (<i
+                                                              >B. alleni</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Northern_olingo"
+                                                            title="Northern olingo"
+                                                            >Northern olingo (<i
+                                                              >B. gabbii</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo"
+                                                            title="Western lowland olingo"
+                                                            >Western lowland
+                                                            olingo (<i
+                                                              >B. medius</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Olinguito"
+                                                            title="Olinguito"
+                                                            >Olinguito (<i
+                                                              >B. neblina</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Coati"
+                                                      title="Coati"
+                                                      >Nasuina</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(coatis)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Nasua"
+                                                                title="Nasua"
+                                                                >Nasua</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/South_American_coati"
+                                                                    title="South American coati"
+                                                                    >South
+                                                                    American
+                                                                    coati (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      nasua</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati"
+                                                                    title="White-nosed coati"
+                                                                    >White-nosed
+                                                                    coati (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      narica</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Nasuella"
+                                                                title="Nasuella"
+                                                                >Nasuella</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis"
+                                                                    title="Nasuella meridensis"
+                                                                    >Eastern
+                                                                    mountain
+                                                                    coati (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      meridensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea"
+                                                                    title="Nasuella olivacea"
+                                                                    >Western
+                                                                    mountain
+                                                                    coati (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      olivacea</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%; line-height: 1em"
+                                          >
+                                            <a
+                                              href="/wiki/Mustelidae"
+                                              title="Mustelidae"
+                                              >Mustelidae</a
+                                            >
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                                              <ul>
+                                                <li>
+                                                  <ul>
+                                                    <li>see below↓</li>
+                                                  </ul>
+                                                </li>
+                                              </ul>
+                                            </div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <td
+                            colspan="2"
+                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                            <table
+                              class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup"
+                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                            >
+                              <tbody>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <th
+                                    scope="col"
+                                    class="navbox-title"
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                  >
+                                    <div
+                                      id="Mustelidae"
+                                      style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                                    >
+                                      <a
+                                        href="/wiki/Mustelidae"
+                                        title="Mustelidae"
+                                        >Mustelidae</a
+                                      >
+                                    </div>
+                                  </th>
+                                </tr>
+                                <tr>
+                                  <td
+                                    colspan="2"
+                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                    style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                  >
+                                    <div style="padding: 0 0.25em"></div>
+                                    <table
+                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                    >
+                                      <tbody>
+                                        <tr>
+                                          <th
+                                            id="Mustelidae"
+                                            scope="row"
+                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="
+                                                position: absolute;
+                                                transform: translate(-50%, -50%)
+                                                  rotate(270deg);
+                                              "
+                                            >
+                                              <a
+                                                href="/wiki/Mustelidae"
+                                                title="Mustelidae"
+                                                >Mustelidae</a
+                                              >
+                                            </div>
+                                          </th>
+                                          <td
+                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                                          >
+                                            <div
+                                              style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                            ></div>
+                                            <table
+                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                              style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                            >
+                                              <tbody>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/American_badger"
+                                                            title="American badger"
+                                                            >American badger (<i
+                                                              >Taxidea taxus</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Mellivora"
+                                                        title="Mellivora"
+                                                        >Mellivora</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Honey_badger"
+                                                            title="Honey badger"
+                                                            >Honey badger (<i
+                                                              >M. capensis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Badger"
+                                                      title="Badger"
+                                                      >Melinae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(Eurasian
+                                                          badgers)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Hog_badger"
+                                                                title="Hog badger"
+                                                                >Arctonyx</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger"
+                                                                    title="Northern hog badger"
+                                                                    >Northern
+                                                                    hog badger
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      albogularis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger"
+                                                                    title="Greater hog badger"
+                                                                    >Greater hog
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      collaris</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger"
+                                                                    title="Sumatran hog badger"
+                                                                    >Sumatran
+                                                                    hog badger
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      hoevenii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)"
+                                                                title="Meles (genus)"
+                                                                >Meles</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Japanese_badger"
+                                                                    title="Japanese badger"
+                                                                    >Japanese
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      anakuma</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger"
+                                                                    title="Caucasian badger"
+                                                                    >Caucasian
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      canescens</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Asian_badger"
+                                                                    title="Asian badger"
+                                                                    >Asian
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      leucurus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/European_badger"
+                                                                    title="European badger"
+                                                                    >European
+                                                                    badger (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      meles</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <i
+                                                      ><a
+                                                        href="/wiki/Ferret-badger"
+                                                        title="Ferret-badger"
+                                                        >Melogale</a
+                                                      ></i
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(ferret-badgers)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <ul>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Vietnam ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Vietnam
+                                                            ferret-badger (<i
+                                                              >M.
+                                                              cucphuongensis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger"
+                                                            title="Bornean ferret badger"
+                                                            >Bornean ferret
+                                                            badger (<i
+                                                              >M. everetti</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Chinese ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Chinese
+                                                            ferret-badger (<i
+                                                              >M. moschata</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Javan ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Javan ferret-badger
+                                                            (<i>M. orientalis</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Burmese ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Burmese
+                                                            ferret-badger (<i
+                                                              >M. personata</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                        <li>
+                                                          <a
+                                                            href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger"
+                                                            title="Formosan ferret-badger"
+                                                            >Formosan
+                                                            ferret-badger (<i
+                                                              >M.
+                                                              subaurantiaca</i
+                                                            >)</a
+                                                          >
+                                                        </li>
+                                                      </ul>
+                                                    </div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Guloninae"
+                                                      title="Guloninae"
+                                                      >Guloninae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Tayra"
+                                                                    title="Tayra"
+                                                                    >Tayra (<i
+                                                                      >Eira
+                                                                      barbara</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Pekania"
+                                                                title="Pekania"
+                                                                >Pekania</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)"
+                                                                    title="Fisher (animal)"
+                                                                    >Fisher (<i
+                                                                      >P.
+                                                                      pennanti</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Gulo"
+                                                                title="Gulo"
+                                                                >Gulo</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Wolverine"
+                                                                    title="Wolverine"
+                                                                    >Wolverine
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >G.
+                                                                      gulo</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Marten"
+                                                                title="Marten"
+                                                                >Martes</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(martens)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/American_marten"
+                                                                    title="American marten"
+                                                                    >American
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      americana</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Pacific_marten"
+                                                                    title="Pacific marten"
+                                                                    >Pacific
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      caurina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten"
+                                                                    title="Yellow-throated marten"
+                                                                    >Yellow-throated
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      flavigula</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Beech_marten"
+                                                                    title="Beech marten"
+                                                                    >Beech
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      foina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten"
+                                                                    title="Nilgiri marten"
+                                                                    >Nilgiri
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      gwatkinsii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/European_pine_marten"
+                                                                    title="European pine marten"
+                                                                    >European
+                                                                    pine marten
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      martes</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Japanese_marten"
+                                                                    title="Japanese marten"
+                                                                    >Japanese
+                                                                    marten (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      melampus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Sable"
+                                                                    title="Sable"
+                                                                    >Sable (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      zibellina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Ictonychinae"
+                                                      title="Ictonychinae"
+                                                      >Ictonychinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                                              class="new"
+                                                              title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)"
+                                                              >Lyncodontini</a
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel"
+                                                                            title="Patagonian weasel"
+                                                                            >Patagonian
+                                                                            weasel
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Lyncodon
+                                                                              patagonicus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Galictis"
+                                                                        title="Galictis"
+                                                                        >Galictis</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                                      ><span
+                                                                        style="
+                                                                          color: #696969;
+                                                                        "
+                                                                        ><span
+                                                                          style="
+                                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                                          "
+                                                                          >(grisons)</span
+                                                                        ></span
+                                                                      ></small
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Lesser_grison"
+                                                                            title="Lesser grison"
+                                                                            >Lesser
+                                                                            grison
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >G.
+                                                                              cuja</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Greater_grison"
+                                                                            title="Greater grison"
+                                                                            >Greater
+                                                                            grison
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >G.
+                                                                              vittata</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <a
+                                                              href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"
+                                                              class="new"
+                                                              title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)"
+                                                              >Ictonychini</a
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(African
+                                                                  polecats)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            ></div>
+                                                            <table
+                                                              class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                              style="
+                                                                border-spacing: 0;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <tbody>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    id="Vormela"
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat"
+                                                                        title="Marbled polecat"
+                                                                        >Vormela</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat"
+                                                                            title="Marbled polecat"
+                                                                            >Marbled
+                                                                            polecat
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >V.
+                                                                              peregusna</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    colspan="2"
+                                                                    class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel"
+                                                                            title="African striped weasel"
+                                                                            >African
+                                                                            striped
+                                                                            weasel
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >Poecilogale
+                                                                              albinucha</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                                <tr>
+                                                                  <th
+                                                                    scope="row"
+                                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <i
+                                                                      ><a
+                                                                        href="/wiki/Ictonyx"
+                                                                        title="Ictonyx"
+                                                                        >Ictonyx</a
+                                                                      ></i
+                                                                    >
+                                                                  </th>
+                                                                  <td
+                                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                                    style="
+                                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                                    "
+                                                                  >
+                                                                    <div
+                                                                      style="
+                                                                        padding: 0
+                                                                          0.25em;
+                                                                      "
+                                                                    >
+                                                                      <ul>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat"
+                                                                            title="Saharan striped polecat"
+                                                                            >Saharan
+                                                                            striped
+                                                                            polecat
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >I.
+                                                                              libycus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                        <li>
+                                                                          <a
+                                                                            href="/wiki/Striped_polecat"
+                                                                            title="Striped polecat"
+                                                                            >Striped
+                                                                            polecat
+                                                                            (<i
+                                                                              >I.
+                                                                              striatus</i
+                                                                            >)</a
+                                                                          >
+                                                                        </li>
+                                                                      </ul>
+                                                                    </div>
+                                                                  </td>
+                                                                </tr>
+                                                              </tbody>
+                                                            </table>
+                                                            <div></div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Otter"
+                                                      title="Otter"
+                                                      >Lutrinae</a
+                                                    ><br /><small
+                                                      ><span
+                                                        style="color: #696969"
+                                                        ><span
+                                                          style="
+                                                            font-weight: normal;
+                                                            font-style: normal;
+                                                          "
+                                                          >(otters)</span
+                                                        ></span
+                                                      ></small
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Giant_otter"
+                                                                    title="Giant otter"
+                                                                    >Giant otter
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >Pteronura
+                                                                      brasiliensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Lontra"
+                                                                title="Lontra"
+                                                                >Lontra</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter"
+                                                                    title="North American river otter"
+                                                                    >North
+                                                                    American
+                                                                    river otter
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      canadensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Marine_otter"
+                                                                    title="Marine otter"
+                                                                    >Marine
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      felina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter"
+                                                                    title="Neotropical otter"
+                                                                    >Neotropical
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      longicaudis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter"
+                                                                    title="Southern river otter"
+                                                                    >Southern
+                                                                    river otter
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      provocax</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Enhydra"
+                                                                title="Enhydra"
+                                                                >Enhydra</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Sea_otter"
+                                                                    title="Sea otter"
+                                                                    >Sea otter
+                                                                    (<i
+                                                                      >E.
+                                                                      lutris</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            colspan="2"
+                                                            class="navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter"
+                                                                    title="Spotted-necked otter"
+                                                                    >Spotted-necked
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >Hydrictis
+                                                                      maculicollis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Lutra"
+                                                                title="Lutra"
+                                                                >Lutra</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter"
+                                                                    title="Eurasian otter"
+                                                                    >Eurasian
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      lutra</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter"
+                                                                    title="Hairy-nosed otter"
+                                                                    >Hairy-nosed
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      sumatrana</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Lutrogale"
+                                                                title="Lutrogale"
+                                                                >Lutrogale</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter"
+                                                                    title="Smooth-coated otter"
+                                                                    >Smooth-coated
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >L.
+                                                                      perspicillata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="width: 1%"
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Aonyx"
+                                                                title="Aonyx"
+                                                                >Aonyx</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter"
+                                                                    title="African clawless otter"
+                                                                    >African
+                                                                    clawless
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      capensis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter"
+                                                                    title="Asian small-clawed otter"
+                                                                    >Asian
+                                                                    small-clawed
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      cinereus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter"
+                                                                    title="Congo clawless otter"
+                                                                    >Congo
+                                                                    clawless
+                                                                    otter (<i
+                                                                      >A.
+                                                                      congicus</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                                <tr>
+                                                  <th
+                                                    scope="row"
+                                                    class="navbox-group"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 1%;
+                                                      line-height: 1em;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <a
+                                                      href="/wiki/Mustelinae"
+                                                      title="Mustelinae"
+                                                      >Mustelinae</a
+                                                    >
+                                                  </th>
+                                                  <td
+                                                    class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                    style="
+                                                      width: 100%;
+                                                      padding: 0;
+                                                    "
+                                                  >
+                                                    <div
+                                                      style="padding: 0 0.25em"
+                                                    ></div>
+                                                    <table
+                                                      class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup"
+                                                      style="border-spacing: 0"
+                                                    >
+                                                      <tbody>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Neogale"
+                                                                title="Neogale"
+                                                                >Neogale</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Amazon weasel"
+                                                                    >Amazon
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      africana</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Colombian weasel"
+                                                                    >Colombian
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      felipei</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Long-tailed weasel"
+                                                                    >Long-tailed
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      frenata</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/American_mink"
+                                                                    title="American mink"
+                                                                    >American
+                                                                    mink (<i
+                                                                      >N.
+                                                                      vison</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                        <tr>
+                                                          <th
+                                                            scope="row"
+                                                            class="navbox-group"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 1%;
+                                                              line-height: 1em;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <i
+                                                              ><a
+                                                                href="/wiki/Weasel"
+                                                                title="Weasel"
+                                                                >Mustela</a
+                                                              ></i
+                                                            ><br /><small
+                                                              ><span
+                                                                style="
+                                                                  color: #696969;
+                                                                "
+                                                                ><span
+                                                                  style="
+                                                                    font-weight: normal;
+                                                                    font-style: normal;
+                                                                  "
+                                                                  >(weasels)</span
+                                                                ></span
+                                                              ></small
+                                                            >
+                                                          </th>
+                                                          <td
+                                                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                                                            style="
+                                                              width: 100%;
+                                                              padding: 0;
+                                                            "
+                                                          >
+                                                            <div
+                                                              style="
+                                                                padding: 0
+                                                                  0.25em;
+                                                              "
+                                                            >
+                                                              <ul>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis"
+                                                                    title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis"
+                                                                    >Sichuan
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      aistoodonnivalis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Mountain weasel"
+                                                                    >Mountain
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      altaica</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Stoat"
+                                                                    title="Stoat"
+                                                                    >Stoat/Beringian
+                                                                    ermine (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      erminea</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat"
+                                                                    title="Steppe polecat"
+                                                                    >Steppe
+                                                                    polecat (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      eversmannii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Ferret"
+                                                                    title="Ferret"
+                                                                    >Ferret (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      furo</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Haida_ermine"
+                                                                    title="Haida ermine"
+                                                                    >Haida
+                                                                    ermine (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      haidarum</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Japanese weasel"
+                                                                    >Japanese
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      itatsi</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Yellow-bellied weasel"
+                                                                    >Yellow-bellied
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      kathiah</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/European_mink"
+                                                                    title="European mink"
+                                                                    >European
+                                                                    mink (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      lutreola</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Indonesian mountain weasel"
+                                                                    >Indonesian
+                                                                    mountain
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      lutreolina</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret"
+                                                                    title="Black-footed ferret"
+                                                                    >Black-footed
+                                                                    ferret (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      nigripes</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Least_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Least weasel"
+                                                                    >Least
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      nivalis</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Malayan weasel"
+                                                                    >Malayan
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      nudipes</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/European_polecat"
+                                                                    title="European polecat"
+                                                                    >European
+                                                                    polecat (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      putorius</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/American_ermine"
+                                                                    title="American ermine"
+                                                                    >American
+                                                                    ermine (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      richardsonii</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Siberian weasel"
+                                                                    >Siberian
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      sibirica</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                                <li>
+                                                                  <a
+                                                                    href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel"
+                                                                    title="Back-striped weasel"
+                                                                    >Back-striped
+                                                                    weasel (<i
+                                                                      >M.
+                                                                      strigidorsa</i
+                                                                    >)</a
+                                                                  >
+                                                                </li>
+                                                              </ul>
+                                                            </div>
+                                                          </td>
+                                                        </tr>
+                                                      </tbody>
+                                                    </table>
+                                                    <div></div>
+                                                  </td>
+                                                </tr>
+                                              </tbody>
+                                            </table>
+                                            <div></div>
+                                          </td>
+                                        </tr>
+                                      </tbody>
+                                    </table>
+                                    <div></div>
+                                  </td>
+                                </tr>
+                              </tbody>
+                            </table>
+                            <div></div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="navbox-styles">
+                    <link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <div
+                    role="navigation"
+                    class="navbox"
+                    aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers"
+                    style="padding: 3px"
+                  >
+                    <table
+                      class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner"
+                      style="
+                        border-spacing: 0;
+                        background: transparent;
+                        color: inherit;
+                      "
+                    >
+                      <tbody>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">
+                            <div
+                              id="Taxon_identifiers"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers"
+                                title="Help:Taxon identifiers"
+                                >Taxon identifiers</a
+                              >
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%; text-align: left"
+                          >
+                            <i>Felis catus</i>
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"
+                                      >Wikidata</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><span class="external"
+                                        ><a
+                                          href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20980826"
+                                          class="extiw"
+                                          title="wikidata:Q20980826"
+                                          >Q20980826</a
+                                        ></span
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Wikispecies"
+                                      title="Wikispecies"
+                                      >Wikispecies</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><span class="external"
+                                        ><a
+                                          href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Felis_catus"
+                                          class="extiw"
+                                          title="wikispecies:Felis catus"
+                                          >Felis catus</a
+                                        ></span
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory"
+                                      title="Australian Faunal Directory"
+                                      >AFD</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Felis_catus"
+                                        >Felis_catus</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System"
+                                      title="Barcode of Life Data System"
+                                      >BOLD</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=10396"
+                                        >10396</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life"
+                                      title="Catalogue of Life"
+                                      >CoL</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3DXV3"
+                                        >3DXV3</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code"
+                                      >EPPO</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/FELIDO"
+                                        >FELIDO</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility"
+                                      title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility"
+                                      >GBIF</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2435035"
+                                        >2435035</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Global_Invasive_Species_Database"
+                                      title="Global Invasive Species Database"
+                                      >GISD</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=24"
+                                        >24</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/INaturalist"
+                                      title="INaturalist"
+                                      >iNaturalist</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/118552"
+                                        >118552</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera"
+                                      title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera"
+                                      >IRMNG</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=10196305"
+                                        >10196305</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium"
+                                      title="Invasive Species Compendium"
+                                      >ISC</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/82598"
+                                        >82598</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System"
+                                      title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System"
+                                      >ITIS</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=183798"
+                                        >183798</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database"
+                                      title="American Society of Mammalogists"
+                                      >MDD</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005985"
+                                        >1005985</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World"
+                                      title="Mammal Species of the World"
+                                      >MSW</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&amp;id=14000031"
+                                        >14000031</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/NatureServe"
+                                      title="NatureServe"
+                                      >NatureServe</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.103979/"
+                                        >2.103979</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network"
+                                      title="National Biodiversity Network"
+                                      >NBN</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000080189"
+                                        >NHMSYS0000080189</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information"
+                                      title="National Center for Biotechnology Information"
+                                      >NCBI</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=9685"
+                                        >9685</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    >NZOR:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/7d7d7c68-baa8-4908-bdc4-b747950f6318"
+                                        >7d7d7c68-baa8-4908-bdc4-b747950f6318</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Observation.org"
+                                      title="Observation.org"
+                                      >Observation.org</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://observation.org/species/20332/"
+                                        >20332</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life"
+                                      title="Open Tree of Life"
+                                      >Open Tree of Life</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=563166"
+                                        >563166</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database"
+                                      title="Paleobiology Database"
+                                      >Paleobiology Database</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104159"
+                                        >104159</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a
+                                      href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species"
+                                      title="World Register of Marine Species"
+                                      >WoRMS</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=1461480"
+                                        >1461480</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span style="white-space: nowrap"
+                                    ><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank"
+                                      >ZooBank</a
+                                    >:
+                                    <span class="uid"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/6F717CA1-D3D6-4FCD-BC27-ED52F4FF6706"
+                                        >6F717CA1-D3D6-4FCD-BC27-ED52F4FF6706</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
+                  <div class="navbox-styles">
+                    <link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"
+                    /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">
+                      .mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted {
+                        border-bottom: 1px dotted;
+                        cursor: help;
+                      }</style
+                    ><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"
+                    /><link
+                      rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"
+                      href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                  <div
+                    role="navigation"
+                    class="navbox authority-control"
+                    aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata"
+                    style="padding: 3px"
+                  >
+                    <table
+                      class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner"
+                      style="
+                        border-spacing: 0;
+                        background: transparent;
+                        color: inherit;
+                      "
+                    >
+                      <tbody>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">
+                            <div
+                              id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata"
+                              style="font-size: 114%; margin: 0 4em"
+                            >
+                              <a
+                                href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control"
+                                title="Help:Authority control"
+                                >Authority control databases</a
+                              >
+                              <span
+                                class="mw-valign-text-top noprint"
+                                typeof="mw:File/Frameless"
+                                ><a
+                                  href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146#identifiers"
+                                  title="Edit this at Wikidata"
+                                  ><img
+                                    alt="Edit this at Wikidata"
+                                    src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png"
+                                    decoding="async"
+                                    width="10"
+                                    height="10"
+                                    class="mw-file-element"
+                                    srcset="
+                                      //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,
+                                      //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x
+                                    "
+                                    data-file-width="20"
+                                    data-file-height="20" /></a
+                              ></span>
+                            </div>
+                          </th>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            National
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"
+                                      title="Katze"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4030046-8"
+                                        >Germany</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"
+                                      title="cats"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85021262"
+                                        >United States</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"
+                                      title="Chats"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12266539w"
+                                        >France</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"
+                                      title="Chats"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12266539w"
+                                        >BnF data</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"
+                                      title="猫"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568069"
+                                        >Japan</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"
+                                      title="kočka domácí"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph1128717&amp;CON_LNG=ENG"
+                                        >Czech Republic</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                  <ul>
+                                    <li>
+                                      <span class="uid"
+                                        ><span
+                                          class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"
+                                          title="kočky"
+                                          ><a
+                                            rel="nofollow"
+                                            class="external text"
+                                            href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph115000&amp;CON_LNG=ENG"
+                                            >2</a
+                                          ></span
+                                        ></span
+                                      >
+                                    </li>
+                                  </ul>
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"
+                                      title="Gatos"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX527377"
+                                        >Spain</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><span
+                                      class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"
+                                      title="Cats"
+                                      ><a
+                                        rel="nofollow"
+                                        class="external text"
+                                        href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007284701205171"
+                                        >Israel</a
+                                      ></span
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                        <tr>
+                          <th
+                            scope="row"
+                            class="navbox-group"
+                            style="width: 1%"
+                          >
+                            Other
+                          </th>
+                          <td
+                            class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even"
+                            style="width: 100%; padding: 0"
+                          >
+                            <div style="padding: 0 0.25em">
+                              <ul>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><a
+                                      rel="nofollow"
+                                      class="external text"
+                                      href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041559"
+                                      >Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                                <li>
+                                  <span class="uid"
+                                    ><a
+                                      rel="nofollow"
+                                      class="external text"
+                                      href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10647397"
+                                      >NARA</a
+                                    ></span
+                                  >
+                                </li>
+                              </ul>
+                            </div>
+                          </td>
+                        </tr>
+                      </tbody>
+                    </table>
+                  </div>
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+                 <!-- bad ESI request: bad ESI request --> <noscript
+                  ><img
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+                /></noscript>
+                <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">
+                  Retrieved from "<a
+                    dir="ltr"
+                    href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;oldid=1256722250"
+                    >https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cat&amp;oldid=1256722250</a
+                  >"
+                </div>
+              </div>
+              <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface">
+                <div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks">
+                  <a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category"
+                    >Categories</a
+                  >:
+                  <ul>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Domesticated_animals"
+                        title="Category:Domesticated animals"
+                        >Domesticated animals</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="/wiki/Category:Cats" title="Category:Cats"
+                        >Cats</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:English_words"
+                        title="Category:English words"
+                        >English words</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Mammals_described_in_1758"
+                        title="Category:Mammals described in 1758"
+                        >Mammals described in 1758</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Animal_models"
+                        title="Category:Animal models"
+                        >Animal models</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a href="/wiki/Category:Felis" title="Category:Felis"
+                        >Felis</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Carl_Linnaeus"
+                        title="Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus"
+                        >Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus</a
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+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Cosmopolitan_mammals"
+                        title="Category:Cosmopolitan mammals"
+                        >Cosmopolitan mammals</a
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+                    </li>
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+                        >CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024</a
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+                        href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2014"
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+                        >Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from
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+                        >CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a
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+                      >
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+                        title="Category:Use American English from October 2024"
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+                        title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats"
+                        >Articles with hAudio microformats</a
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+                    </li>
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+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Listen_template_using_plain_parameter"
+                        title="Category:Listen template using plain parameter"
+                        >Listen template using plain parameter</a
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+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text"
+                        title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"
+                        >Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language
+                        text</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
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+                        title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text"
+                        >Articles containing Japanese-language text</a
+                      >
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+                        title="Category:Spoken articles"
+                        >Spoken articles</a
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+                        title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata"
+                        >Commons link from Wikidata</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
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+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_Encyclopedia_Americana_with_a_Wikisource_reference"
+                        title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference"
+                        >Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the
+                        Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_desynced_from_Wikidata"
+                        title="Category:Taxonbars desynced from Wikidata"
+                        >Taxonbars desynced from Wikidata</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
+                    <li>
+                      <a
+                        href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_on_possible_non-taxon_pages"
+                        title="Category:Taxonbars on possible non-taxon pages"
+                        >Taxonbars on possible non-taxon pages</a
+                      >
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+                        title="Category:Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs"
+                        >Taxonbars with 20–24 taxon IDs</a
+                      >
+                    </li>
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+			
+			<li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li>
+		</ul>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+				</div>
+
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+		</nav>
+			
+<a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo">
+	<img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50">
+	<span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert">
+		<img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;">
+		<img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;">
+	</span>
+</a>
+
+		</div>
+		<div class="vector-header-end">
+			
+<div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue  vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box">
+	<a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span>
+
+<span>Search</span>
+	</a>
+	<div class="vector-typeahead-search-container">
+		<div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width">
+			<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button">
+				<div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper"  data-search-loc="header-moved">
+					<div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon">
+						<input
+							class="cdx-text-input__input"
+							 type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"
+							>
+						<span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span>
+					</div>
+					<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search">
+				</div>
+				<button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button>
+			</form>
+		</div>
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+			<nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools">
+	<div class="vector-user-links-main">
+	
+<div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"  >
+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			
+			
+		</ul>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+	
+<div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"  >
+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			
+			
+		</ul>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+	<nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance">
+		
+<div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown "  title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" >
+	<input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox "  aria-label="Appearance"  >
+	<label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true"  ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span>
+
+<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span>
+	</label>
+	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+
+
+			<div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
+				
+			</div>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+	</nav>
+	
+<div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet"  >
+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			
+			
+		</ul>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+	
+<div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet"  >
+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a>
+</li>
+<li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Donskoy+cat" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a>
+</li>
+<li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Donskoy+cat" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a>
+</li>
+
+			
+		</ul>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+	</div>
+	
+<div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out"  title="Log in and more options" >
+	<input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox "  aria-label="Personal tools"  >
+	<label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true"  ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span>
+
+<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span>
+	</label>
+	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+
+
+		
+<div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item"  title="User menu" >
+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			
+			<li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Donskoy+cat" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Donskoy+cat" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li>
+		</ul>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor"  >
+	<div class="vector-menu-heading">
+		Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a>
+	</div>
+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			
+			<li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li>
+		</ul>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+	
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+</nav>
+
+		</div>
+	</header>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-page-container">
+	<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
+		<div class="vector-sitenotice-container">
+			<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
+		</div>
+		<div class="vector-column-start">
+			<div class="vector-main-menu-container">
+		<div id="mw-navigation">
+			<nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site">
+				<div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container">
+				
+				</div>
+		</nav>
+		</div>
+	</div>
+	<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container">
+				<nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark">
+					<div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container">
+					<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element">
+	<div
+	class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned"
+	data-feature-name="toc-pinned"
+	data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc"
+	
+	
+>
+	<h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
+	<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button>
+	<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button>
+</div>
+
+
+	<ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list">
+		<li id="toc-mw-content-text"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+			<a href="#" class="vector-toc-link">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
+			</a>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-History"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>
+				<span>History</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle History subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Breeding_ban"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeding_ban">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span>
+					<span>Breeding ban</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Breeding_ban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Physical_appearance"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_appearance">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>
+				<span>Physical appearance</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Physical_appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Types_of_Donskoys"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_Donskoys">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>
+				<span>Types of Donskoys</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Types_of_Donskoys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Health"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>
+				<span>Health</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Demeanor"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demeanor">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>
+				<span>Demeanor</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Demeanor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Characteristics"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>
+				<span>Characteristics</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-See_also"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>
+				<span>See also</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-References"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>
+				<span>References</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-External_links"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span>
+				<span>External links</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+					</div>
+		</nav>
+			</div>
+		</div>
+		<div class="mw-content-container">
+			<main id="content" class="mw-body">
+				<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
+					<nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark">
+						
+<div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left"  >
+	<input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox "  aria-label="Toggle the table of contents"  >
+	<label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true"  ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span>
+
+<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span>
+	</label>
+	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+
+
+							<div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
+			</div>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+					</nav>
+					<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Donskoy cat</span></h1>
+							
+<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang"  >
+	<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages"   >
+	<label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true"  ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span>
+
+<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span>
+	</label>
+	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+
+		<div class="vector-menu-content">
+			
+			<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+				
+				<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don-sfinks" title="Don-sfinks – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Don-sfinks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="قط دون سفنيكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قط دون سفنيكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donsk%C3%BD_sphynx" title="Donský sphynx – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Donský sphynx" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Sphynx" title="Don Sphynx – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Don Sphynx" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doni_sfinks" title="Doni sfinks – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Doni sfinks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_sphynx" title="Don sphynx – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Don sphynx" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donskoy_(chat)" title="Donskoy (chat) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Donskoy (chat)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%88%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%EC%9D%B4_(%EA%B3%A0%EC%96%91%EC%9D%B4)" title="돈스코이 (고양이) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돈스코이 (고양이)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B5_(%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82)" title="Դոնսկոյ (կատու) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոնսկոյ (կատու)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfinks_don" title="Sfinks don – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sfinks don" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Sphynx" title="Don Sphynx – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Don Sphynx" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doni_szfinx" title="Doni szfinx – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Doni szfinx" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3" title="قط دون سفنيكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قط دون سفنيكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucing_Don" title="Kucing Don – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kucing Don" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_sphynx" title="Don sphynx – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Don sphynx" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A4" title="ドンスコイ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドンスコイ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot_do%C5%84ski_sfinks" title="Kot doński sfinks – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kot doński sfinks" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Донской сфинкс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Донской сфинкс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donsk%C3%BD_Sphynx" title="Donský Sphynx – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Donský Sphynx" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BAa_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Донскa мачка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Донскa мачка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Донський сфінкс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Донський сфінкс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8o_s%C3%B4ng_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Mèo sông Đông – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mèo sông Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li>
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+						<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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+					
+					<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Breed of cat</div>
+<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Breed of cat</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above breed" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;">Donskoy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DSX_World_Premior_RU*Don_Xuk%27s_Login_WOW_(14037189016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DSX_World_Premior_RU%2ADon_Xuk%27s_Login_WOW_%2814037189016%29.jpg/220px-DSX_World_Premior_RU%2ADon_Xuk%27s_Login_WOW_%2814037189016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DSX_World_Premior_RU%2ADon_Xuk%27s_Login_WOW_%2814037189016%29.jpg/330px-DSX_World_Premior_RU%2ADon_Xuk%27s_Login_WOW_%2814037189016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/DSX_World_Premior_RU%2ADon_Xuk%27s_Login_WOW_%2814037189016%29.jpg/440px-DSX_World_Premior_RU%2ADon_Xuk%27s_Login_WOW_%2814037189016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3789" data-file-height="2873" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Other names</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Don Hairless, Don Sphynx, Russian Hairless</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;"><span class="anchor" id="ibbs"></span>Breed standards</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">FIFe</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fifeweb.org/app/uploads/2023/10/DSP.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">TICA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tica.org/phocadownload/dsk.pdf">standard</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #d3d3a4;"><span class="vernacular"><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat</a></span> (<span class="binominal"><i>Felis catus</i></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table>
+<p>The <b>Donskoy cat</b>, also known as <b>Don Sphynx</b> or <b>Russian Hairless</b>, is a hairless <a href="/wiki/Cat_breed" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat breed">cat breed</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is not related to the better-known <a href="/wiki/Sphynx_cat" title="Sphynx cat">Sphynx cat</a> (Canadian Hairless) whose characteristic <a href="/wiki/Alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alopecia">hairlessness</a> is caused by a <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(genetics)" title="Dominance (genetics)">recessive</a> mutation in the <a href="/wiki/Keratin_71" class="mw-redirect" title="Keratin 71">keratin 71</a> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>. The Donskoy's hairlessness, on the other hand, is caused by a dominant mutation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>The Donskoy breed is able to be traced back to one kitten. This breed started in 1987 with the discovery of a hairless cat in the Russian city of <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a> by cat breeder Elena Kovaleva.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She had rescued a blue <a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat" title="Tortoiseshell cat">tortoiseshell kitten</a>, which she named Varvara. At around four months of age, the cat began to lose fur.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Varvara mated with a local tomcat and produced a litter of kittens. Some were born hairless, and the others started with hair but lost it like their mother.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These kittens are the founding stock of the Donskoy breed and were later outcrossed with <a href="/wiki/European_Shorthair" title="European Shorthair">European Shorthair</a> cats.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 
+</p><p>Over time, breeders learned more about the Donskoy's hair loss gene. Unlike the recessive gene carried by the Sphynx, the Donskoy's gene is dominant. So, all cats with the gene either are born hairless or lose their coats as they grow.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>The Donskoy was first officially recognized by the <a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Federation" title="World Cat Federation">World Cat Federation</a> (WCF) in 1987 and by <a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a> (TICA) in 2005. The <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard of points">standard of points</a> describes the cat as being medium-sized and muscular, with large ears, almond shaped eyes and distinctive long, webbed toes. They require frequent grooming, in spite of their lack of coat. However, over-bathing can cause the skin to become very oily.
+</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a> breed was originally created by crossing Donskoy with <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a> cats to create a hairless cat of Oriental-type.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Matings between the Donskoy and the Peterbald are no longer permitted since 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Outcrossing" title="Outcrossing">outcrossing</a> is not permitted, except with the <a href="/wiki/Domestic_shorthair" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic shorthair">domestic shorthair</a>, due to the effect of the Donskoy's dominant hairless mutation.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Visibility of hairless cats increased significantly in 1997 due to the Blockbuster film <i><a href="/wiki/Austin_Powers:_International_Man_of_Mystery" title="Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery">Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery</a></i> and subsequently in <a href="/wiki/Austin_Powers:_The_Spy_Who_Shagged_Me" title="Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me">Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me</a>, where Mr. Bigglesworth (played by Ted Nude Gent) was prominently featured as the beloved pet of <a href="/wiki/Dr._Evil" title="Dr. Evil">Dr. Evil</a>. Important to note, the hairless cat featured in the Austin Powers franchise was actually a Sphynx cat not a Donskoy cat. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeding_ban">Breeding ban</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Breeding ban"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Since 2014, it is illegal in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> to breed with parent cats which bear genetic mutations or other physical abnormalities that cause health or welfare issues in their offspring.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The lack of protective fur in hairless cats, such as the Donskoy, is one of these banned mutations in parent cats.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_appearance">Physical appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Physical appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>The most striking physical characteristics of Donskoy cats is its hairlessness. Unlike many cats, Donskoys lack <a href="/wiki/Whiskers" title="Whiskers">whiskers</a> as well. Donskoys are medium sized, muscular cats in build.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Their heads are triangular, with large ears and eyes which give Donskoys an elf-like appearance. Donskoy skin is very wrinkled, especially concentrated on the face, neck, chest, and the base of its tail. 
+</p><p>Skin and eye color can range in Donskoy cats. Skin pattern colors tend to appear faded. While &#160;eye color can range from blue, green, amber, orange, yellow, or brown.
+</p><p>Some Donskoy cats may grow a faint fur coat during colder winter months, but the hair eventually falls off as warmer weather months return.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_Donskoys">Types of Donskoys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Types of Donskoys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Donskoys can be segmented into four different categories, based primarily on the types of coats and the amount of hairlessness. See categories below.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><b>Rubber Bald:</b> Born completely bald these Donskoys will remain that way throughout their lives.
+</p><p><b>Flock Coat:</b> Flock Coat Donskoys are born with a light peach-fuzz like coat. Eventually as these Donskoys grow, they will often lose the fuzz and become completely bald.
+</p><p><b>Velour Coat:</b> Unlike the Flock Coat and Rubber Bald, these Donskoy kittens are born with a wavy, short coat and a bald spot of the top of their heads. The wavy coat is short-lived, as within the first year, the kittens will lose their hair. Some Velour Coat Donskoys will continue to have a small amount of fuzz on their face, legs, and tail. Other Velour Coat Donskoys will lose all of their hair and become completely bald.
+</p><p><b>Brush Coat:</b> Like the Velour Coat, the Brush Coat is also born with a short coat of fur; however, it is usually bristly or wiry. These Donskoys have bald spots on their head, neck, and back and do not lose the rest of fur as they grow. The Brush Coat Donskoy is the only type of Donskoy disqualified from the show ring.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Not all cat registries recognize the Donskoy, and there are some concerns about the genetic health of the breed. The dominant genetic mutation causing hairlessness in Peterbalds<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Donskoys<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> could cause feline <a href="/wiki/Ectodermal_dysplasia" title="Ectodermal dysplasia">ectodermal dysplasia</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Homozygous" class="mw-redirect" title="Homozygous">homozygous</a> form, causing problems including poor dentition and compromised ability to lactate or sweat.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Similar dominant mutations (such as in <a href="/wiki/FOXI3" title="FOXI3">FOXI3</a>) cause the condition in <a href="/wiki/Hairless_dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hairless dogs">hairless dogs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the symptoms in dominant-type hairless cats and dogs mirror those of human ectodermal dysplasia (which also results in sparse or absent hair).
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demeanor">Demeanor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Demeanor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Unlike some other cat breeds, the Donskoy cat is extremely social.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beyond its hairlessness, the Donskoy cat is very intriguing and inquisitive and soft-hearted. Donskoy cats are typically active, therefore they require sufficient stimulation to keep them entertained. They spent more time moving around than the average cat. Due to their social behavior Donskoy cats do not do well being left alone for long periods of time. 
+</p><p>Additionally, Donskoys are friendly and extremely intelligent. These characteristics make Donskoy cats ideal for training. The Donskoy cat’s good and gentle nature, along with social demeanor, makes them perfectly suited for families and are also great with children. The general disposition of the Donskoy cat is loving and amiable.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Thanks to their demeanor, Donskoys usually get along well with other cat breeds especially other playful cats. Their activity levels can cause challenges with older cats. Donskoys are capable of getting along with dogs as well, if properly introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<table class="wikitable">
+<tbody><tr>
+<td>Affection Level
+</td>
+<td>High
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Friendliness
+</td>
+<td>High
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Kid-Friendly
+</td>
+<td>High
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Pet-Friendly
+</td>
+<td>Medium
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Exercise Needs
+</td>
+<td>Medium
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Playfulness
+</td>
+<td>High
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Energy Level
+</td>
+<td>Medium
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Trainability
+</td>
+<td>High
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Intelligence
+</td>
+<td>High
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Tendency to Vocalize
+</td>
+<td>Medium
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Amount of Shedding
+</td>
+<td>Low
+</td></tr></tbody></table>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">List of cat breeds</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_body-type_mutations" title="List of cat body-type mutations">List of cat body-type mutations</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sphynx_cat" title="Sphynx cat">Sphynx cat</a></li></ul>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
+<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
+<li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilson2017" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Julia (11 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cat-world.com.au/donskoy-breed-profile.html">"Donskoy Cat Profile-History, Appearance &amp; Temperament"</a>. <i>Cat-World.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Cat-World.com&amp;rft.atitle=Donskoy+Cat+Profile-History%2C+Appearance+%26+Temperament&amp;rft.date=2017-04-11&amp;rft.aulast=Wilson&amp;rft.aufirst=Julia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cat-world.com.au%2Fdonskoy-breed-profile.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metro.co.uk/2012/03/19/worlds-scariest-feline-steals-the-show-at-cat-exhibition-357305/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'World's scariest' feline steals the show at cat exhibition"</a>. <i>Metro</i>. 2012-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-24</span></span>. <q>Donskoys, whose baldness is caused as a result of a dominant mutant gene, were first discovered in Russia in 1987. They are often mistaken for the Canadian Don Sphynx breed whose characteristic hairlessness is caused by a recessive gene.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Metro&amp;rft.atitle=%27World%27s+scariest%27+feline+steals+the+show+at+cat+exhibition&amp;rft.date=2012-03-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2012%2F03%2F19%2Fworlds-scariest-feline-steals-the-show-at-cat-exhibition-357305%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tica.org/scottish-fold-breeders?view=article&amp;id=839:donskoy-breed&amp;catid=79">"Donskoy Breed"</a>. <i>The International Cat Association (TICA)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+International+Cat+Association+%28TICA%29&amp;rft.atitle=Donskoy+Breed&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftica.org%2Fscottish-fold-breeders%3Fview%3Darticle%26id%3D839%3Adonskoy-breed%26catid%3D79&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-:3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdompanel.com/en-us/cat-breeds/donskoy">"Donskoy Facts - Wisdom Panel™ Cat Breeds"</a>. <i>Wisdom Panel™</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Wisdom+Panel%E2%84%A2&amp;rft.atitle=Donskoy+Facts+-+Wisdom+Panel%E2%84%A2+Cat+Breeds&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisdompanel.com%2Fen-us%2Fcat-breeds%2Fdonskoy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311185215/http://amuralientresorcattery.com/donskoysphynxorigin.html">"Donskoy Origin"</a>. <i>amuralientresorcattery.com</i>. Amur Alien Tresor Cattery. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amuralientresorcattery.com/DONSKOYSPHYNXORIGIN.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=amuralientresorcattery.com&amp;rft.atitle=Donskoy+Origin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amuralientresorcattery.com%2FDONSKOYSPHYNXORIGIN.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tica.org/phocadownload/dsk.pdf">"donskoy (dsk)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>TICA.org</i>. The International Cat Association. 18 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TICA.org&amp;rft.atitle=donskoy+%28dsk%29&amp;rft.date=2008-06-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftica.org%2Fphocadownload%2Fdsk.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.purina.co.uk/articles/cats/behaviour/common-questions/famous-cats-in-history">"10 of the Most Famous Cats Throughout History | Purina"</a>. <i>www.purina.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.purina.co.uk&amp;rft.atitle=10+of+the+Most+Famous+Cats+Throughout+History+%7C+Purina&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.purina.co.uk%2Farticles%2Fcats%2Fbehaviour%2Fcommon-questions%2Ffamous-cats-in-history&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-:02-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetherlands_Food_and_Consumer_Product_Safety_Authority_(NVWA)2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA) (2022-10-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nvwa.nl/onderwerpen/honden-en-katten/fokken-met-uw-hond-of-kat/fokken-met-katten">"Fokken met katten - Honden en katten"</a>. <i>www.nvwa.nl</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.nvwa.nl&amp;rft.atitle=Fokken+met+katten+-+Honden+en+katten&amp;rft.date=2022-10-31&amp;rft.au=Netherlands+Food+and+Consumer+Product+Safety+Authority+%28NVWA%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nvwa.nl%2Fonderwerpen%2Fhonden-en-katten%2Ffokken-met-uw-hond-of-kat%2Ffokken-met-katten&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNetherlands_Food_and_Consumer_Product_Safety_Authority_(NVWA)2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA) (2022-10-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nvwa.nl/nieuws-en-media/nieuws/2022/10/31/fokken-met-katten-met-schadelijke-kenmerken-of-erfelijke-ziektes">"Fokken met katten met schadelijke kenmerken of erfelijke ziektes - Nieuwsbericht - NVWA"</a>. <i>www.nvwa.nl</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.nvwa.nl&amp;rft.atitle=Fokken+met+katten+met+schadelijke+kenmerken+of+erfelijke+ziektes+-+Nieuwsbericht+-+NVWA&amp;rft.date=2022-10-31&amp;rft.au=Netherlands+Food+and+Consumer+Product+Safety+Authority+%28NVWA%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nvwa.nl%2Fnieuws-en-media%2Fnieuws%2F2022%2F10%2F31%2Ffokken-met-katten-met-schadelijke-kenmerken-of-erfelijke-ziektes&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-:5-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesprucepets.com/donskoy-cat-breed-profile-4777828">"All About the Donskoy Cat, a Hairless Breed with Russian Origins"</a>. <i>The Spruce Pets</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Spruce+Pets&amp;rft.atitle=All+About+the+Donskoy+Cat%2C+a+Hairless+Breed+with+Russian+Origins&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesprucepets.com%2Fdonskoy-cat-breed-profile-4777828&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-:4-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesprucepets.com/donskoy-cat-breed-profile-4777828">"All About the Donskoy Cat, a Hairless Breed with Russian Origins"</a>. <i>The Spruce Pets</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Spruce+Pets&amp;rft.atitle=All+About+the+Donskoy+Cat%2C+a+Hairless+Breed+with+Russian+Origins&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesprucepets.com%2Fdonskoy-cat-breed-profile-4777828&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.petinsurance.com/healthzone/pet-articles/pet-breeds/Peterbald-Cats.aspx?extcmp=smd-ebiz-BL0003">"Peterbald Cats"</a>. <i>petinsurance.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=petinsurance.com&amp;rft.atitle=Peterbald+Cats&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.petinsurance.com%2Fhealthzone%2Fpet-articles%2Fpet-breeds%2FPeterbald-Cats.aspx%3Fextcmp%3Dsmd-ebiz-BL0003&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fureverhome.com/breed/cat/donskoy">"Donskoy"</a>. <i>fureverhome.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=fureverhome.com&amp;rft.atitle=Donskoy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffureverhome.com%2Fbreed%2Fcat%2Fdonskoy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerGriffinCampbell2012" class="citation book cs1">Miller, William Jr.; Griffin, Craig E.; Campbell, Karen L. (2012-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=urlFOAYWjxkC&amp;pg=PA591"><i>Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology</i></a>. Elsevier Health Sciences. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416000280" title="Special:BookSources/9781416000280"><bdi>9781416000280</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Muller+and+Kirk%27s+Small+Animal+Dermatology&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&amp;rft.date=2012-11-30&amp;rft.isbn=9781416000280&amp;rft.aulast=Miller&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Jr.&amp;rft.au=Griffin%2C+Craig+E.&amp;rft.au=Campbell%2C+Karen+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DurlFOAYWjxkC%26pg%3DPA591&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglar2019" class="citation book cs1">Englar, Ryane E. (2019-09-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9WydDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA68"><i>Common Clinical Presentations in Dogs and Cats</i></a>. John Wiley &amp; Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119414582" title="Special:BookSources/9781119414582"><bdi>9781119414582</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Common+Clinical+Presentations+in+Dogs+and+Cats&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&amp;rft.date=2019-09-18&amp;rft.isbn=9781119414582&amp;rft.aulast=Englar&amp;rft.aufirst=Ryane+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9WydDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA68&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-:2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCosgrove2021" class="citation web cs1">Cosgrove, Nicole (2021-08-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hepper.com/donskoy-cat/">"Donskoy Cat: Info, Pictures, Characteristics &amp; Facts"</a>. <i>Hepper</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hepper&amp;rft.atitle=Donskoy+Cat%3A+Info%2C+Pictures%2C+Characteristics+%26+Facts&amp;rft.date=2021-08-02&amp;rft.aulast=Cosgrove&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicole&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hepper.com%2Fdonskoy-cat%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonskoy+cat" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+</ol></div></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tica.org/scottish-fold-breeders?view=article&amp;id=839:donskoy-breed&amp;catid=79">Donskoy cat breed</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">TICA</a> website</li></ul>
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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Domestic_cats" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Template:Domestic cat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Domestic_cat" title="Template talk:Domestic cat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic_cat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Domestic cat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Domestic_cats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felinology" title="Felinology">Felinology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_anatomy" title="Cat anatomy">Anatomy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_genetics" title="Cat genetics">Genetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_cat" title="Dwarf cat">Dwarf cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kitten" title="Kitten">Kitten</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Odd-eyed_cat" title="Odd-eyed cat">Odd-eyed cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Squitten" title="Squitten">Squitten</a></li>
+<li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Cat_coat_genetics" title="Cat coat genetics">Coat genetics</a></span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bicolor_cat" title="Bicolor cat">Bicolor cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Calico_cat" title="Calico cat">Calico cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">Tabby cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_cat" title="Tortoiseshell cat">Tortoiseshell cat</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_health" title="Cat health">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_in_cats" title="Aging in cats">Aging</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Onychectomy" title="Onychectomy">Declawing</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_food" title="Cat food">Diet</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dental_health_diets_for_cats" title="Dental health diets for cats">dental health</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Senior_cat_diet" title="Senior cat diet">senior</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_vaccination" title="Feline vaccination">Vaccination</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_behavior" title="Cat behavior">Behavior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%E2%80%93dog_relationship" title="Cat–dog relationship">Cat–dog relationship</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Catfight</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Catnip" title="Catnip">Catnip</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">valerian</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_communication" title="Cat communication">Communication</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meow" title="Meow">Meow</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Purr" title="Purr">Purr</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kneading_(cats)" title="Kneading (cats)">Kneading</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_intelligence" title="Cat intelligence">Intelligence</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_play_and_toys" title="Cat play and toys">Play and toys</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_righting_reflex" title="Cat righting reflex">Righting reflex</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_senses" title="Cat senses">Senses</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_interaction_with_cats" title="Human interaction with cats">Human–cat<br />interaction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailurophobia" title="Ailurophobia">Ailurophobia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_caf%C3%A9" title="Cat café">Cat cafés</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_killers" title="Category:Cat killers">Cat killers</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_massage" title="Cat massage">Cat massage</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat meat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat-scratch_disease" title="Cat-scratch disease">Cat-scratch disease</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_show" title="Cat show">Cat show</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Cats in ancient Egypt">Cats in ancient Egypt</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_cats" title="Cultural depictions of cats">Cultural depictions</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_felines" title="List of fictional felines">fictional</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_and_the_Internet" title="Cats and the Internet">Internet</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dog-like_cat" title="Dog-like cat">Dog-like cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feral_cat" title="Feral cat">Feral cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_cats" title="Islam and cats">Cats and Islam</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lolcat" title="Lolcat">Lolcat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/National_Cat_Day" title="National Cat Day">National Cat Day</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">Pet cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Working_cat" title="Working cat">Working cat</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodega_cat" title="Bodega cat">Bodega cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Farm_cat" title="Farm cat">Farm cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Library_cat" title="Library cat">Library cat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_cat" title="Ship&#39;s cat">Ship's cat</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_zoonosis" title="Feline zoonosis">Zoonosis</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cat_registry" title="Cat registry">Registries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Cat_Fanciers_Association" title="American Cat Fanciers Association">American Cat Fanciers Association</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Associazione_Nazionale_Felina_Italiana" title="Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana">Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cat_Association" title="Canadian Cat Association">Canadian Cat Association</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Aficionado_Association" title="Cat Aficionado Association">Cat Aficionado Association</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers&#39; Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_F%C3%A9line" title="Fédération Internationale Féline">Fédération Internationale Féline</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Governing_Council_of_the_Cat_Fancy" title="Governing Council of the Cat Fancy">Governing Council of the Cat Fancy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Cat_Fancy" title="New Zealand Cat Fancy">New Zealand Cat Fancy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Cat_Council" title="Southern Africa Cat Council">Southern Africa Cat Council</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Cat_Association" title="The International Cat Association">The International Cat Association</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Congress" title="World Cat Congress">World Cat Congress</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/World_Cat_Federation" title="World Cat Federation">World Cat Federation</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breeds<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">full list</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_experimental_cat_breeds" title="List of experimental cat breeds">experimental</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fully<br />domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_cat" title="Abyssinian cat">Abyssinian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/American_Curl" title="American Curl">American Curl</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/American_Shorthair" title="American Shorthair">American Shorthair</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_cat" title="Balinese cat">Balinese</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Shorthair" title="Brazilian Shorthair">Brazilian Shorthair</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Birman" title="Birman">Birman</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_cat" title="Bombay cat">Bombay</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_cat" title="Burmese cat">Burmese</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Burmilla" title="Burmilla">Burmilla</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/California_Spangled" title="California Spangled">California Spangled</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Chartreux" title="Chartreux">Chartreux</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Li" title="Dragon Li">Chinese Li Hua</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Colorpoint_Shorthair" title="Colorpoint Shorthair">Colorpoint Shorthair</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Rex" title="Cornish Rex">Cornish Rex</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cymric_cat" title="Cymric cat">Cymric</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Rex" title="Devon Rex">Devon Rex</a></li>
+<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donskoy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Mau" title="Egyptian Mau">Egyptian Mau</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/European_Shorthair" title="European Shorthair">European Shorthair</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Exotic_Shorthair" title="Exotic Shorthair">Exotic Shorthair</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Foldex_cat" title="Foldex cat">Foldex</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/German_Rex" title="German Rex">German Rex</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_cat" title="Himalayan cat">Himalayan</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Bobtail" title="Japanese Bobtail">Japanese Bobtail</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_cat" title="Javanese cat">Javanese</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Khao_Manee" title="Khao Manee">Khao Manee</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Korat" title="Korat">Korat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kurilian_Bobtail" title="Kurilian Bobtail">Kurilian Bobtail</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lykoi" title="Lykoi">Lykoi</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Coon" title="Maine Coon">Maine Coon</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Manx_cat" title="Manx cat">Manx</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Munchkin_cat" title="Munchkin cat">Munchkin</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neva_Masquerade" title="Neva Masquerade">Neva Masquerade</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Forest_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Forest cat">Norwegian Forest</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ocicat" title="Ocicat">Ocicat</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ojos_Azules" title="Ojos Azules">Ojos Azules</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Shorthair" title="Oriental Shorthair">Oriental Shorthair</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Persian_cat" title="Persian cat">Persian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Peterbald" title="Peterbald">Peterbald</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pixie-bob" title="Pixie-bob">Pixie-bob</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ragdoll" title="Ragdoll">Ragdoll</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_cat" title="Ragamuffin cat">Ragamuffin</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Blue" title="Russian Blue">Russian Blue</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fold" title="Scottish Fold">Scottish Fold</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Selkirk_Rex" title="Selkirk Rex">Selkirk Rex</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Siamese_cat" title="Siamese cat">Siamese</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_cat" title="Siberian cat">Siberian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Singapura_cat" title="Singapura cat">Singapura</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_cat" title="Snowshoe cat">Snowshoe</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Somali_cat" title="Somali cat">Somali</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sphynx_cat" title="Sphynx cat">Sphynx</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cat" title="Thai cat">Thai</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Persian" title="Traditional Persian">Traditional Persian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tonkinese_cat" title="Tonkinese cat">Tonkinese</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Toyger" title="Toyger">Toyger</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Angora" title="Turkish Angora">Turkish Angora</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Van" title="Turkish Van">Turkish Van</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hybrid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_cat" title="Bengal cat">Bengal</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Chausie" title="Chausie">Chausie</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Highlander_cat" title="Highlander cat">Highlander</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_cat" title="Savannah cat">Savannah</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Serengeti_cat" title="Serengeti cat">Serengeti</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">Landraces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_cat" title="Aegean cat">Aegean</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_cat" title="Cyprus cat">Cyprus</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kellas_cat" title="Kellas cat">Kellas</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sokoke" title="Sokoke">Sokoke</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Van_cat" title="Van cat">Van</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_feline_diseases" title="List of feline diseases">Diseases and<br />disorders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feline_acne" title="Feline acne">Acne</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_asthma" title="Feline asthma">Asthma</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_calicivirus" title="Feline calicivirus">Calicivirus</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_sensorineural_deafness_in_cats" title="Congenital sensorineural deafness in cats">Congenital sensorineural deafness</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_corneal_sequestrum" title="Feline corneal sequestrum">Feline corneal sequestrum</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_flea" title="Cat flea">Flea</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Coccidia" title="Coccidia">Coccidia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis" title="Dirofilaria immitis">Heartworm</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_hepatic_lipidosis" title="Feline hepatic lipidosis">Hepatic lipidosis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy#Related_disorders" title="Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_immunodeficiency_virus" title="Feline immunodeficiency virus">Immunodeficiency virus</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_infectious_peritonitis" title="Feline infectious peritonitis">Infectious peritonitis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus" title="Feline leukemia virus">Leukemia virus</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_lower_urinary_tract_disease" title="Feline lower urinary tract disease">Lower urinary tract disease</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Carnivore_protoparvovirus_1" title="Carnivore protoparvovirus 1">Panleukopenia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Giardiasis" title="Giardiasis">Giardiasis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Polydactyl_cat" title="Polydactyl cat">Polydactyly</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Rabies_in_animals" title="Rabies in animals">Rabies</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dermatophytosis" title="Dermatophytosis">Ringworm</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tritrichomonas_foetus" title="Tritrichomonas foetus">Tritrichomonas foetus</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Toxocara_cati" title="Toxocara cati">Roundworm</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat_skin_disorders" title="Cat skin disorders">Skin disorders</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Tick</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasmosis" title="Toxoplasmosis">Toxoplasmosis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Feline_viral_rhinotracheitis" title="Feline viral rhinotracheitis">Viral rhinotracheitis</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_by_country" title="Category:Cats by country">Cats by country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_Australia" title="Cats in Australia">Australia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Canada" title="Category:Cats in Canada">Canada</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_Japan" title="Category:Cats in Japan">Japan</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_New_Zealand" title="Cats in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cats_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Cats in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cats_in_the_United_States" title="Cats in the United States">United States</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_cats" title="List of individual cats">List of individual cats</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-living_cats" title="List of longest-living cats">List of longest-living cats</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_folklore" title="Category:Cat folklore">Cats in folklore</a></li></ul>
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+<div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;oldid=1256067181">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donskoy_cat&amp;oldid=1256067181</a>"</div></div>
+					<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_breeds" title="Category:Cat breeds">Cat breeds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cat_breeds_originating_in_Russia" title="Category:Cat breeds originating in Russia">Cat breeds originating in Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hairless_cat_breeds" title="Category:Hairless cat breeds">Hairless cat breeds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rare_cat_breeds" title="Category:Rare cat breeds">Rare cat breeds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_breeds_originating_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Animal breeds originating in the Soviet Union">Animal breeds originating in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div>
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+	<li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>;
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+			
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+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a>
+</li>
+<li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Languages+of+Africa" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a>
+</li>
+<li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Languages+of+Africa" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a>
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+
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+	</label>
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+<div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item"  title="User menu" >
+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			
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+		</ul>
+		
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+	<div class="vector-menu-heading">
+		Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a>
+	</div>
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+		
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+			
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+			<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
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+				<nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark">
+					<div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container">
+					<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element">
+	<div
+	class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned"
+	data-feature-name="toc-pinned"
+	data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc"
+	
+	
+>
+	<h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
+	<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button>
+	<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button>
+</div>
+
+
+	<ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list">
+		<li id="toc-mw-content-text"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+			<a href="#" class="vector-toc-link">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
+			</a>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Language_groups"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_groups">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>
+				<span>Language groups</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Language_groups-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Language groups subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Language_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Afroasiatic_languages"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afroasiatic_languages">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span>
+					<span>Afroasiatic languages</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Afroasiatic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Nilo-Saharan_languages"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nilo-Saharan_languages">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span>
+					<span>Nilo-Saharan languages</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Nilo-Saharan_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Niger–Congo_languages"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niger–Congo_languages">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span>
+					<span>Niger–Congo languages</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Niger–Congo_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Other_language_families"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_language_families">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span>
+					<span>Other language families</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Other_language_families-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+				<li id="toc-Austronesian"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austronesian">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span>
+					<span>Austronesian</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Austronesian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Indo-European"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-European">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span>
+					<span>Indo-European</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Indo-European-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Small_families"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_families">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span>
+					<span>Small families</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Small_families-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Creole_languages"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creole_languages">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span>
+					<span>Creole languages</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Creole_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Unclassified_languages"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unclassified_languages">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.5</span>
+					<span>Unclassified languages</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Unclassified_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Sign_languages"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sign_languages">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.6</span>
+					<span>Sign languages</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Sign_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Language_in_Africa"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_in_Africa">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>
+				<span>Language in Africa</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Language_in_Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Language in Africa subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Language_in_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Official_languages"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_languages">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span>
+					<span>Official languages</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Official_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Cross-border_languages"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross-border_languages">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span>
+					<span>Cross-border languages</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Cross-border_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Language_change_and_planning"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_change_and_planning">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span>
+					<span>Language change and planning</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Language_change_and_planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Demographics"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span>
+					<span>Demographics</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Linguistic_features"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistic_features">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>
+				<span>Linguistic features</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Linguistic_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Linguistic features subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Linguistic_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Phonological"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonological">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span>
+					<span>Phonological</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Phonological-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Syntactic"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntactic">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span>
+					<span>Syntactic</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Syntactic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Semantic"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semantic">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span>
+					<span>Semantic</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Semantic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Demographics_2"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics_2">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>
+				<span>Demographics</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Demographics_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Demographics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-By_region"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_region">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span>
+					<span>By region</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-By_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-See_also"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>
+				<span>See also</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle See also subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-General"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span>
+					<span>General</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Works"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span>
+					<span>Works</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Classifiers"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classifiers">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span>
+					<span>Classifiers</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Classifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Colonial_and_migratory_influences"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_and_migratory_influences">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span>
+					<span>Colonial and migratory influences</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Colonial_and_migratory_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Notes"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>
+				<span>Notes</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-References"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>
+				<span>References</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-External_links"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>
+				<span>External links</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+					</div>
+		</nav>
+			</div>
+		</div>
+		<div class="mw-content-container">
+			<main id="content" class="mw-body">
+				<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
+					<nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark">
+						
+<div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left"  >
+	<input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox "  aria-label="Toggle the table of contents"  >
+	<label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true"  ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span>
+
+<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span>
+	</label>
+	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+
+
+							<div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
+			</div>
+		
+	</div>
+</div>
+
+					</nav>
+					<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of Africa</span></h1>
+							
+<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang"  >
+	<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages"   >
+	<label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true"  ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span>
+
+<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span>
+	</label>
+	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+
+		<div class="vector-menu-content">
+			
+			<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+				
+				<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikatale" title="Afrikatale – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Afrikatale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اللغات في إفريقيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغات في إفريقيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_d%27%C3%81frica" title="Llingües d&#039;África – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües d&#039;África" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_dill%C9%99ri" title="Afrika dilləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Afrika dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আফ্রিকার ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আফ্রিকার ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Африкански езици – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Африкански езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_d%27%C3%80frica" title="Llengües d&#039;Àfrica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües d&#039;Àfrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Affrica" title="Ieithoedd Affrica – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Affrica" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikanische_Sprachen" title="Afrikanische Sprachen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Afrikanische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_de_%C3%81frica" title="Lenguas de África – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas de África" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingvoj_de_Afriko" title="Lingvoj de Afriko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lingvoj de Afriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="زبان‌های آفریقا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های آفریقا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_en_Afrique" title="Langues en Afrique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues en Afrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaanske_talen" title="Afrikaanske talen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Afrikaanske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="아프리카의 언어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아프리카의 언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%86%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Աֆրիկա մայրցամաքի լեզուներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աֆրիկա մայրցամաքի լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82" title="अफ़्रीका की भाषाएं – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अफ़्रीका की भाषाएं" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_di_Afrika" title="Bahasa-bahasa di Afrika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa di Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iilwimi_zaseAfrika" title="Iilwimi zaseAfrika – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Iilwimi zaseAfrika" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_africane" title="Lingue africane – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue africane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="שפות באפריקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות באפריקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಆಫ್ರಿಕದ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಫ್ರಿಕದ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="აფრიკის ენები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფრიკის ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Afrika" title="Lugha za Afrika – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Afrika" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandinga_ya_Afrika" title="Bandinga ya Afrika – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Bandinga ya Afrika" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Африка тилдери – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Африка тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_aty_Afrika" title="Fiteny aty Afrika – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny aty Afrika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_di_Afrika" title="Bahasa di Afrika – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa di Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaanse_talen" title="Afrikaanse talen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afrikaanse talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="アフリカの言語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフリカの言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k_i_Afrika" title="Språk i Afrika – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Språk i Afrika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k_i_Afrika" title="Språk i Afrika – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Språk i Afrika" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_africanas" title="Lengas africanas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas africanas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="افریقا دیاں بولیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="افریقا دیاں بولیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="افريقايي ژبې – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="افريقايي ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languij_a_hAfrika" title="Languij a hAfrika – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Languij a hAfrika" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_afryka%C5%84skie" title="Języki afrykańskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki afrykańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_africanas" title="Línguas africanas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas africanas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Языки Африки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Языки Африки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleme_a_Afrika_Borwa" title="Maleme a Afrika Borwa – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Maleme a Afrika Borwa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Languages of Africa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Језици Африке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Језици Африке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikan_kielet" title="Afrikan kielet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Afrikan kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k_i_Afrika" title="Språk i Afrika – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Språk i Afrika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆப்பிரிக்க மொழிகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆப்பிரிக்க மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika%27da_konu%C5%9Fulan_diller" title="Afrika&#039;da konuşulan diller – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Afrika&#039;da konuşulan diller" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Африканські мови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Африканські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="افریقا کی زبانیں – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="افریقا کی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengoe_africane" title="Lengoe africane – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Lengoe africane" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_t%E1%BA%A1i_ch%C3%A2u_Phi" title="Ngôn ngữ tại châu Phi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngôn ngữ tại châu Phi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%A8d%C3%A8_n%C3%AD_%C3%81fr%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Àwọn èdè ní Áfríkà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn èdè ní Áfríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%A9%B1" title="非洲話 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="非洲話" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="非洲语言 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="非洲语言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li>
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+						<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
+					</div>
+					<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div>
+					
+					
+					<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt">
+</p>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 1963 book, see <a href="/wiki/The_Languages_of_Africa" title="The Languages of Africa">The Languages of Africa</a>.</div>
+<p class="mw-empty-elt">
+</p>
+<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_African_language_families.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Map_of_African_language_families.svg/300px-Map_of_African_language_families.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Map_of_African_language_families.svg/450px-Map_of_African_language_families.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Map_of_African_language_families.svg/600px-Map_of_African_language_families.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>A rough overview of language families spoken in Africa: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D8CC6B; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#35256E; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a> (possibly a family)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A33929; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a> (some areas may not belong)</div> <span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C05545; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2FA7E8; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Khoisan_languages" title="Khoisan languages">Khoisan</a> (not a family)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7DE647; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FBFF36; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></div> </figcaption></figure>
+<p>The number of languages natively spoken in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> is variously estimated (depending on the delineation of <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialect</a>) at between 1,250 and 2,100,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and by some counts at over 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> alone has over 500 languages (according to <a href="/wiki/SIL_Ethnologue" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL Ethnologue">SIL Ethnologue</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> one of the greatest concentrations of linguistic diversity in the world. The languages of Africa belong to many distinct <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language families</a>, among which the largest are:
+</p>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>, which include the large <a href="/wiki/Atlantic-Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic-Congo">Atlantic-Congo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu branches</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Africa" title="Southeast Africa">Southeast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic languages</a> are spread throughout <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Saharan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilotic_languages" title="Nilotic languages">Nilotic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Sudanic_languages" title="Central Sudanic languages">Central Sudanic</a> languages (previously grouped under the hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a> macro-family), are present in East Africa and <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a> are spoken in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Khoe%E2%80%93Kwadi_languages" title="Khoe–Kwadi languages">Khoe–Kwadi languages</a> are spoken mostly in Namibia and Botswana.</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>, while not indigenous to Africa, are spoken in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>) and are used as <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francas" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingua francas">lingua francas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire#Wind_of_change" title="British Empire">former colonies of the United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7afrique" title="Françafrique">former colonies of France</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Empire">Belgium</a> (<a href="/wiki/African_French" title="African French">French</a>), <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_African_countries" title="Portuguese-speaking African countries">former colonies of Portugal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>), <a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">former colonies of Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire#Territories_in_Africa_(1885–1975)" title="Spanish Empire">former colonies of Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>) and the current Spanish territories of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> and the current French territories of <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="La Réunion">La Réunion</a>.</li></ul>
+<p>There are several other small families and <a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">language isolates</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creoles</a> and languages that have <a href="/wiki/Unclassified_language" title="Unclassified language">yet to be classified</a>. In addition, Africa has a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign languages</a>, many of which are language isolates.
+</p><p>Around a hundred languages are widely used for interethnic communication. These include <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Manding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fulani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulani language">Fulani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>, which are spoken as a second (or non-first) language by millions of people. Although many African languages are used on the radio, in newspapers and in primary-school education, and some of the larger ones are considered <a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">national languages</a>, only a few are <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official</a> at the national level. In Sub-Saharan Africa, most official languages at the national level tend to be colonial languages such as French, Portuguese, or English.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> declared 2006 the "Year of African Languages".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_groups">Language groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Language groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_African_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Map_of_African_languages.svg/330px-Map_of_African_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Map_of_African_languages.svg/495px-Map_of_African_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Map_of_African_languages.svg/660px-Map_of_African_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Clickable map showing the traditional language families, subfamilies and major languages spoken in Africa</figcaption></figure>
+<p>Most languages natively spoken in Africa belong to one of the two large <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language families</a> that dominate the continent: <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>. Another hundred belong to smaller families such as <a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages" title="Ubangian languages">Ubangian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilotic_languages" title="Nilotic languages">Nilotic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Saharan</a>, and the various families previously grouped under the umbrella term <a href="/wiki/Khoisan_languages" title="Khoisan languages">Khoisan</a>. In addition, the languages of Africa include several <a href="/wiki/Unclassified_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Unclassified languages">unclassified languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sign_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign languages">sign languages</a>.
+</p><p>The earliest Afroasiatic languages are associated with the <a href="/wiki/Capsian_culture" title="Capsian culture">Capsian culture</a>, the Saharan languages are linked with the Khartoum Mesolithic/Neolithic cultures. Niger-Congo languages are correlated with the west and central African <a href="/wiki/Hoe-farming" title="Hoe-farming">hoe-based farming traditions</a> and the Khoisan languages are matched with the south and southeastern <a href="/wiki/Wilton_culture" title="Wilton culture">Wilton culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afroasiatic_languages">Afroasiatic languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Afroasiatic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic languages</a></div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic languages</a> are spoken throughout <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a> and parts of the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>. There are approximately 375 Afroasiatic languages spoken by over 400 million people. The main subfamilies of Afroasiatic are <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chadic_languages" title="Chadic languages">Chadic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omotic_languages" title="Omotic languages">Omotic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_Urheimat" class="mw-redirect" title="Afroasiatic Urheimat">Afroasiatic Urheimat</a> is uncertain. The family's most extensive branch, the Semitic languages (including <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> among others), is the only branch of Afroasiatic that is spoken outside Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Some of the most widely spoken Afroasiatic languages include <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> (a Semitic language, and a recent arrival from West Asia), <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a> (Cushitic), <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> (Berber), <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> (Chadic), <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a> (Semitic) and <a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a> (Cushitic). Of the world's surviving language families, Afroasiatic has the longest written history, as both the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian language</a> of Mesopotamia and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a> are members.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nilo-Saharan_languages">Nilo-Saharan languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Nilo-Saharan languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan languages</a></div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan languages</a> are a proposed grouping of some one hundred diverse languages. Genealogical linkage between these languages has failed to be conclusively demonstrated, and support for the proposal is sparse among linguists.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The languages share some unusual <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)" title="Morphology (linguistics)">morphology</a>, but if they are related, most of the branches must have undergone major restructuring since diverging from their common ancestor. 
+</p><p>This hypothetical family would reach an expanse that stretches from the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile Valley">Nile Valley</a> to northern <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> and into <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay languages</a> along the middle reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Niger_River" title="Niger River">Niger River</a> as a geographic outlier. The inclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay languages</a> is questionable, and doubts have been raised over the <a href="/wiki/Koman_languages" title="Koman languages">Koman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gumuz_language" title="Gumuz language">Gumuz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kadu_languages" title="Kadu languages">Kadu</a> branches.
+</p><p>Some of the better known Nilo-Saharan languages are <a href="/wiki/Kanuri_language" title="Kanuri language">Kanuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fur_language" title="Fur language">Fur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Songhay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Songhay language">Songhay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobiin_language" title="Nobiin language">Nobiin</a> and the widespread <a href="/wiki/Nilotic_languages" title="Nilotic languages">Nilotic family</a>, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Luo_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Luo dialect">Luo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinka_language" title="Dinka language">Dinka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maasai_language" title="Maasai language">Maasai</a>. Most Nilo-Saharan languages are <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tonal</a>, as are Niger-Congo languages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Niger–Congo_languages"><span id="Niger.E2.80.93Congo_languages"></span>Niger–Congo languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Niger–Congo languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo languages</a></div>
+<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg/300px-Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg/450px-Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg/600px-Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2446" data-file-height="2819" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the traditional language families represented in Africa: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E6EAAD; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a> (Semitic-Hamitic)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8E7D8F; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> (Malay-Polynesian)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8A421A; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DC782D; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Khoisan_languages" title="Khoisan languages">Khoisan</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Niger-Congo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger-Congo languages">Niger-Congo</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A6BE50; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E9A96C; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;Central and Eastern Sudanese</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#51384E; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;Central Bantoid</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C96273; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;Eastern Bantoid</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A7BC47; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;Guinean</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B77B85; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4D7830; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;Western Bantoid</div> <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#827241; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kanuri_language" title="Kanuri language">Kanuri</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#824240; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nilotic_languages" title="Nilotic languages">Nilotic</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C88C50; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhai</a></div></figcaption></figure>
+<p>The <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo languages</a> constitute the largest language family spoken in <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> and perhaps the world in terms of the number of languages. One of its salient features is an elaborate <a href="/wiki/Noun_class" title="Noun class">noun class</a> system with grammatical <a href="/wiki/Agreement_(linguistics)" title="Agreement (linguistics)">concord</a>. A large majority of languages of this family are <a href="/wiki/Tonal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal language">tonal</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ewe_language" title="Ewe language">Ewe language</a>. A major branch of Niger–Congo languages is the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> phylum, which has a wider speech area than the rest of the family (see Niger–Congo B (Bantu) in the map above).
+</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Kordofanian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger–Kordofanian languages">Niger–Kordofanian</a> language family, joining Niger–Congo with the <a href="/wiki/Kordofanian_languages" title="Kordofanian languages">Kordofanian languages</a> of south-central <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, was proposed in the 1950s by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg" title="Joseph Greenberg">Joseph Greenberg</a>. Today, linguists often use "Niger–Congo" to refer to this entire family, including Kordofanian as a subfamily. One reason for this is that it is not clear whether Kordofanian was the first branch to diverge from rest of Niger–Congo. <a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a> has been claimed to be equally or more divergent. Niger–Congo is generally accepted by linguists, though a few question the inclusion of Mande and <a href="/wiki/Dogon_languages" title="Dogon languages">Dogon</a>, and there is no conclusive evidence for the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages" title="Ubangian languages">Ubangian</a>.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_language_families">Other language families</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Other language families"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Several languages spoken in Africa belong to language families concentrated or originating outside the African continent.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Austronesian">Austronesian</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Austronesian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a> belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a> and is the westernmost branch of the family. It is the national and co-official language of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, and a Malagasy dialect called <a href="/wiki/Bushi_language" title="Bushi language">Bushi</a> is also spoken in <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>.
+</p><p>The ancestors of the Malagasy people migrated to Madagascar around 1,500 years ago from Southeast Asia, more specifically the island of Borneo. The origins of how they arrived to Madagascar remains a mystery, however the Austronesians are known for their seafaring culture. Despite the geographical isolation, Malagasy still has strong resemblance to <a href="/wiki/Barito_languages" title="Barito languages">Barito languages</a> especially the <a href="/wiki/Ma%27anyan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma&#39;anyan language">Ma'anyan language</a> of southern Borneo. 
+</p><p>With more than 20 million speakers, Malagasy is one of the most widely spoken of the Austronesian languages.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indo-European">Indo-European</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Indo-European"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> is <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a>, as is most of the vocabulary of most African <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole languages</a>. Afrikaans evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch vernacular</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heese1971_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heese1971-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/South_Holland" title="South Holland">South Holland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hollandic_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollandic dialect">Hollandic dialect</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> spoken by the mainly <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Dutch settlers</a> of what is now <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century, including the loss of verbal conjugation (save for 5 modal verbs), as well as grammatical case and gender.<sup id="cite_ref-coetzee_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coetzee-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Most Afrikaans speakers live in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> it is the <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>. Overall 15 to 20 million people are estimated to speak Afrikaans.
+</p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial</a> era, Indo-European languages such as <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> have held official status in many countries, and are widely spoken, generally as <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua francas</a>. (<i>See <a href="/wiki/African_French" title="African French">African French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese in Africa">African Portuguese</a></i>.) Additionally, languages like French, and Portuguese have become native languages in various countries.
+</p><p>French has become native in the urban areas of the DRC,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Gabon.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> was once used in <a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">Germany's colonies</a> there from the late 1800s until World War I, when Britain and France took over and revoked German's official status. Despite this, German is still spoken in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, mostly among the <a href="/wiki/White_Namibians" title="White Namibians">white population</a>. Although it lost its official status in the 1990s, it has been redesignated as a national language. <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian languages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> are spoken by <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a> expatriates exclusively. In earlier historical times, other Indo-European languages could be found in various parts of the continent, such as <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Persian language">Old Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Greek</a> in Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vandalic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandalic">Vandalic</a> in North Africa and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Modern Persian</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Small_families">Small families</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Small families"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>The three small <a href="/wiki/Khoisan_languages" title="Khoisan languages">Khoisan</a> families of southern Africa have not been shown to be closely related to any other major language family. In addition, there are various other families that have not been demonstrated to belong to one of these families. The classifications below follow <a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a>.
+</p>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a>, some 70 languages, including the major languages of <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>; these are generally thought to be divergent Niger–Congo, but debate persists</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages" title="Ubangian languages">Ubangian</a>, some 70 languages, centered on the languages of the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>; may be Niger–Congo</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/North_Omotic_languages" title="North Omotic languages">Te-Ne-Omotic</a>, some 20 languages, previously classified under Afro-Asiatic, spoken in Ethiopia</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Khoe_languages" title="Khoe languages">Khoe-Kwadi</a>, around 10 languages, the primary family of Khoisan languages of <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Surmic_languages" title="Surmic languages">Surmic</a>, some 11 languages, previously classified within either Sudanic or Nilo-Saharan</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kx%27a_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kx&#39;a languages">Kx'a</a>, around five languages, with various dialects, spoken in Southern Africa</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Aroid_languages" title="Aroid languages">South Omotic</a>, around five languages; previously classified within Afro-Asiatic, spoken in Ethiopia</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tuu_languages" title="Tuu languages">Tuu</a>, or Taa-ǃKwi, two surviving languages</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hadza_language" title="Hadza language">Hadza</a>, an isolate of Tanzania</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bangime_language" title="Bangime language">Bangime</a>, a likely isolate of Mali</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a>, a likely isolate of Nigeria</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sandawe_language" title="Sandawe language">Sandawe</a>, an isolate of Tanzania</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Laal_language" title="Laal language">Laal</a>, a possible isolate of Chad</li></ul>
+<p><i><a href="/wiki/Khoisan_languages" title="Khoisan languages">Khoisan</a></i> is a term of convenience covering some 30 languages spoken by around 300,000–400,000 people. There are five Khoisan families that have not been shown to be related to each other: <a href="/wiki/Khoe_languages" title="Khoe languages">Khoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuu_languages" title="Tuu languages">Tuu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kx%27a_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kx&#39;a languages">Kx'a</a>, which are found mainly in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sandawe_language" title="Sandawe language">Sandawe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadza_language" title="Hadza language">Hadza</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">language isolates</a>. A striking feature of Khoisan languages, and the reason they are often grouped together, is their use of <a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">click consonants</a>. Some neighbouring Bantu languages (notably <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>) have clicks as well, but these were adopted from Khoisan languages. The Khoisan languages are also <a href="/wiki/Tonal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal language">tonal</a>.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creole_languages">Creole languages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Creole languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Due partly to its multilingualism and its colonial past, a substantial proportion of the world's <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole languages</a> are to be found in Africa. Some are based on Indo-European languages (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Krio_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Leone Krio language">Krio</a> from English in <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> and the very similar <a href="/wiki/West_African_Pidgin_English" title="West African Pidgin English">Pidgin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> and parts of <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Creole" title="Cape Verdean Creole">Cape Verdean Creole</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_Creole" title="Guinea-Bissau Creole">Guinea-Bissau Creole</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, all from Portuguese; <a href="/wiki/Seychellois_Creole" title="Seychellois Creole">Seychellois Creole</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, both from French); some are based on Arabic (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Juba_Arabic" title="Juba Arabic">Juba Arabic</a> in the southern <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nubi_language" title="Nubi language">Nubi</a> in parts of <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>); some are based on local languages (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Sango_language" title="Sango language">Sango</a>, the main language of the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>); while in <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> a creole based on French, English and local African languages known as <a href="/wiki/Camfranglais" title="Camfranglais">Camfranglais</a> has started to become popular.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unclassified_languages">Unclassified languages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Unclassified languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Category:Unclassified_languages_of_Africa" title="Category:Unclassified languages of Africa">Category:Unclassified languages of Africa</a></div>
+<p>A fair number of <a href="/wiki/Unclassified_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Unclassified languages">unclassified languages</a> are reported in Africa. Many remain unclassified simply for lack of data; among the better-investigated ones that continue to resist easy classification are:
+</p>
+<ul><li>possibly Afroasiatic: <a href="/wiki/Ongota_language" title="Ongota language">Ongota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gomba_language" title="Gomba language">Gomba</a></li>
+<li>possibly Nilo-Saharan: <a href="/wiki/Shabo_language" title="Shabo language">Shabo</a></li>
+<li>possibly Niger–Congo: <a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbre_language" title="Mbre language">Mbre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bayot_language" title="Bayot language">Bayot</a></li>
+<li>unknown: <a href="/wiki/Laal_language" title="Laal language">Laal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mpre_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mpre language">Mpre</a></li></ul>
+<p>Of these, <a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a> is perhaps the most likely to be an isolate.
+</p><p>Less-well investigated languages include <a href="/wiki/Rimba_language" title="Rimba language">Irimba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luo_language_(Cameroon)" title="Luo language (Cameroon)">Luo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mawa_language_(Nigeria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawa language (Nigeria)">Mawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rer_Bare" class="mw-redirect" title="Rer Bare">Rer Bare</a> (possibly Bantu languages), <a href="/wiki/Bete_language_(Nigeria)" title="Bete language (Nigeria)">Bete</a> (evidently Jukunoid), <a href="/wiki/Bung_language" title="Bung language">Bung</a> (unclear), <a href="/wiki/Kujarg%C3%A9_language" title="Kujargé language">Kujarge</a> (evidently Chadic), <a href="/wiki/Lufu_language" title="Lufu language">Lufu</a> (Jukunoid), <a href="/wiki/Meroitic_language" title="Meroitic language">Meroitic</a> (possibly Afroasiatic), <a href="/wiki/Oropom_language" title="Oropom language">Oropom</a> (possibly spurious) and <a href="/wiki/Weyto_language" title="Weyto language">Weyto</a> (evidently Cushitic). Several of these are extinct, and adequate comparative data is thus unlikely to be forthcoming. Hombert &amp; Philippson (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-HombertPhilippson_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HombertPhilippson-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> list a number of African languages that have been classified as <a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">language isolates</a> at one point or another. Many of these are simply unclassified, but Hombert &amp; Philippson believe Africa has about twenty language families, including isolates. Beside the possibilities listed above, there are:
+</p>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aasax_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aasax language">Aasax</a> or Aramanik (<a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>) (<a href="/wiki/South_Cushitic_languages" title="South Cushitic languages">South Cushitic</a>? contains non-Cushitic lexicon)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Imeraguen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Imeraguen language">Imeraguen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Hassaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassaniyya">Hassaniyya</a> Arabic restructured on an Azêr (<a href="/wiki/Soninke_language" title="Soninke language">Soninke</a>) base</li>
+<li>Kara (<a href="/wiki/Fer_language" title="Fer language">Fer</a>?) (<a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Oblo_language" title="Oblo language">Oblo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Adamawa_languages" title="Adamawa languages">Adamawa</a>? Extinct?)</li></ul>
+<p><a href="/wiki/Roger_Blench" title="Roger Blench">Roger Blench</a> notes a couple additional possibilities:
+</p>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defaka_language" title="Defaka language">Defaka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dompo_language" title="Dompo language">Dompo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>)</li></ul>
+<p>Below is a list of language isolates and otherwise unclassified languages in Africa, from Vossen &amp; Dimmendaal (2020:434):<sup id="cite_ref-Vossen_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vossen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<table class="wikitable sortable">
+
+<tbody><tr>
+<th>Language</th>
+<th>Country
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Bangime_language" title="Bangime language">Bangi Me</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Bayot_language" title="Bayot language">Bayot</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Dompo_language" title="Dompo language">Dompo</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ega_language" title="Ega language">Ega</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Gomba_language" title="Gomba language">Gomba</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Gumuz_language" title="Gumuz language">Gumuz</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Hadza_language" title="Hadza language">Hadza</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Irimba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Irimba language">Irimba</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kujarge_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kujarge language">Kujarge</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Laal_language" title="Laal language">Laal</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Lufu_language" title="Lufu language">Lufu</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Luo_language_(Cameroon)" title="Luo language (Cameroon)">Luo</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Mawa_language" title="Mawa language">Mawa</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Miyobe_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Miyobe language">Meyobe</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Mimi_of_Decorse" title="Mimi of Decorse">Mimi of Decorse</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mimi_of_Nachtigal" title="Mimi of Nachtigal">Mimi of Nachtigal</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Mpra_language" title="Mpra language">Mpra</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Oblo_language" title="Oblo language">Oblo</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ongota_language" title="Ongota language">Ongota</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Oropom_language" title="Oropom language">Oropom</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Rer_Bare_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Rer Bare language">Rer Bare</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Shabo_language" title="Shabo language">Shabo</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Weyto_language" title="Weyto language">Weyto</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Wutana_language" title="Wutana language">Wutana</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Yeni_language" title="Yeni language">Yeni</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>
+</td></tr></tbody></table>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sign_languages">Sign languages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Sign languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sign_languages#Africa" title="List of sign languages">List of sign languages §&#160;Africa</a></div>
+<p>Many African countries have national sign languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Algerian_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Sign Language">Algerian Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Sign_Language" title="Tunisian Sign Language">Tunisian Sign Language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Sign Language">Ethiopian Sign Language</a>. Other sign languages are restricted to small areas or single villages, such as <a href="/wiki/Adamorobe_Sign_Language" title="Adamorobe Sign Language">Adamorobe Sign Language</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>. Tanzania has seven, one for each of its schools for the Deaf, all of which are discouraged. Not much is known, since little has been published on these languages
+</p><p>Sign language systems extant in Africa include the <a href="/wiki/Paget_Gorman_Sign_System" title="Paget Gorman Sign System">Paget Gorman Sign System</a> used in Namibia and <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_sign_languages" title="Sudanese sign languages">Sudanese Sign languages</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_sign-language_family" title="Arab sign-language family">Arab Sign</a> languages used across the Arab Mideast, the <a href="/wiki/French_Sign_Language_family" title="French Sign Language family">Francosign</a> languages used in <a href="/wiki/Francophone_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone Africa">Francophone Africa</a> and other areas such as <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_sign_languages" title="Tanzanian sign languages">Tanzanian Sign languages</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_in_Africa">Language in Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Language in Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Throughout the long multilingual history of the African continent, African languages have been subject to phenomena like language contact, language expansion, language shift and language death. A case in point is the <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a>, in which Bantu-speaking peoples expanded over most of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Equatorial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Equatorial Africa">Sub-Equatorial Africa</a>, intermingling with Khoi-San speaking peoples from much of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Africa" title="Southeast Africa">Southeast Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a> and other peoples from <a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central Africa</a>. Another example is the Arab expansion in the 7th century, which led to the extension of <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> from its homeland in Asia, into much of North Africa and the Horn of Africa.
+</p><p><a href="/wiki/Trade_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade language">Trade languages</a> are another age-old phenomenon in the African linguistic landscape. Cultural and linguistic innovations spread along trade routes and languages of peoples dominant in trade developed into languages of wider communication (<a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>). Of particular importance in this respect are <a href="/wiki/Berber_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber language">Berber</a> (North and West Africa), <a href="/wiki/Dioula_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioula language">Jula</a> (western West Africa), <a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fulfulde</a> (West Africa), <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> (West Africa), <a href="/wiki/Lingala_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingala language">Lingala</a> (Congo), <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> (Southeast Africa), <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a> (Horn of Africa) and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> (North Africa and Horn of Africa).
+</p><p>After gaining independence, many African countries, in the search for national unity, selected one language, generally the former Indo-European colonial language, to be used in government and education. However, in recent years, African countries have become increasingly supportive of maintaining linguistic diversity. Language policies that are being developed nowadays are mostly aimed at multilingualism. This presents a methodological complication when collecting data in Africa and limited literature exists. An analysis of <a href="/wiki/Afrobarometer" title="Afrobarometer">Afrobarometer</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion" title="Public opinion">public opinion</a> survey data of 36 countries suggested that survey interviewers and respondents could engage in various linguistic behaviors, such as <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">code-switching</a> during the survey.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Moreover, some African countries have been considering removing their official former Indo-European colonial languages, like <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> which removed French as an official language in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>  
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_languages">Official languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Official languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the African Union">Languages of the African Union</a></div>
+<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_languages_in_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Official_languages_in_Africa.svg/330px-Official_languages_in_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Official_languages_in_Africa.svg/495px-Official_languages_in_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Official_languages_in_Africa.svg/660px-Official_languages_in_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Official languages in Africa: <table cellpadding="0">  <tbody><tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8C00; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></div></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8EB423; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#19822D; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></div></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DAC716; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C35A91; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></div></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#55433B; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#415096; color:white;">&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></div></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#8A8B8D; color:black;">&#160;</span>&#160;other languages</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure>
+<dl><dt>Afroasiatic</dt></dl>
+<ul><li>Berber:
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> in Morocco and Algeria<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tamasheq_language" title="Tamasheq language">Tamasheq</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tawellemmet_language" title="Tawellemmet language">Tawellemet</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>
+<li>Cushitic:
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afar_language" title="Afar language">Afar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a> in Ethiopia and Kenya</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a> in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, Ethiopia, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>Semitic:
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a> in Ethiopia</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Charter_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hassaniya_Arabic" title="Hassaniya Arabic">Hassaniya Arabic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a> in Ethiopia and <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+<dl><dt>Austronesian</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li></ul>
+<dl><dt>Ngbandi creole</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sango_language" title="Sango language">Sango</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li></ul>
+<dl><dt>French Creole</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Seychelles Creole">Seychelles Creole</a> in <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li></ul>
+<dl><dt>Indo-European</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>.</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> in <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> in <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> in <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul>
+<dl><dt>Niger-Congo</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bobo_language" title="Bobo language">Bobo</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bozo_language" title="Bozo language">Bozo</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorian</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_languages" title="Dogon languages">Dogon</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kassonke_language" title="Kassonke language">Kassonke</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kikongo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kikongo language">Kongo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Kirundi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Maninka_language" title="Maninka language">Maninke</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Minyanka_language" title="Minyanka language">Minyanka</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Senufo</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sesotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesotho language">Sesotho</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Setswana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> and South Africa</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language" title="Northern Ndebele language">Sindebele</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sepedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepedi">Sepedi</a> in South Africa</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_language" title="Soninke language">Soninke</a> in Mali<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Ndebele</a> in South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swati</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Xitsonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Xitsonga">Tsonga</a> in South Africa</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tshivenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshivenda">Venda</a> in South Africa</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> in South Africa</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> in South Africa</li></ul>
+<dl><dt>Nilo-Saharan</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul>
+<table class="wikitable">
+
+<tbody><tr>
+<th>Language
+</th>
+<th>Family
+</th>
+<th>Official status per country
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Afrikaans
+</td>
+<td>Indo-European
+</td>
+<td>South Africa
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Amharic
+</td>
+<td>Afroasiatic
+</td>
+<td>Ethiopia
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Arabic
+</td>
+<td>Afroasiatic
+</td>
+<td>Algeria, Comoros, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan,
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Berber
+</td>
+<td>Afroasiatic
+</td>
+<td>Algeria, Morocco, Libya
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Chewa
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Malawi, Zimbabwe
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Comorian
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Comoros
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Kikongo
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Kinyarwanda
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Rwanda
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Kirundi
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Burundi
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Malagasy
+</td>
+<td>Austronesian
+</td>
+<td>Madagascar
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Ndebele
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>South Africa
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Oromo
+</td>
+<td>Afroasiatic
+</td>
+<td>Ethiopia<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Sango
+</td>
+<td>French Creole
+</td>
+<td>Central African Republic
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Sepedi
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>South Africa
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Sesotho
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Lesotho, South Africa, Zimbabwe
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Setswana
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Botswana, South Africa
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Seychelles Creole
+</td>
+<td>French Creole
+</td>
+<td>Seychelles
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Shona
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Zimbabwe
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Sindebele
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Zimbabwe
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Somali
+</td>
+<td>Afroasiatic
+</td>
+<td>Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Swahili
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Swati
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Eswatini, South Africa
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Tigrinya
+</td>
+<td>Afroasiatic
+</td>
+<td>Ethiopia, Eritrea
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Tsonga
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Venda
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>South Africa, Zimbabwe
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Xhosa
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>South Africa
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Zulu
+</td>
+<td>Niger-Congo
+</td>
+<td>South Africa
+</td></tr></tbody></table>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-border_languages">Cross-border languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Cross-border languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>The colonial borders established by European powers following the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Conference_(1884)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Conference (1884)">Berlin Conference</a> in 1884–1885 divided a great many ethnic groups and African language speaking communities. This can cause divergence of a language on either side of a border (especially when the official languages are different), for example, in orthographic standards. Some notable cross-border languages include <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> (which stretches across much of North Africa and some parts of West Africa), <a href="/wiki/Kikongo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kikongo language">Kikongo</a> (that stretches across northern Angola, western and coastal Democratic Republic of the Congo, and western and coastal Republic of the Congo), <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a> (stretches across most of the Horn of Africa), Swahili (spoken in the African Great Lakes region), <a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a> (in the Sahel and West Africa) and <a href="/wiki/Luo_languages" title="Luo languages">Luo</a> (in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, South Sudan and Sudan).
+</p><p>Some prominent Africans such as former <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Malian</a> president and former <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairman of the African Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Oumar_Konar%C3%A9" title="Alpha Oumar Konaré">Alpha Oumar Konaré</a>, have referred to cross-border languages as a factor that can promote African unity.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_change_and_planning">Language change and planning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Language change and planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Language is not static in Africa any more than on other continents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> In addition to the (likely modest) impact of borders, there are also cases of <a href="/wiki/Dialect_levelling" title="Dialect levelling">dialect levelling</a> (such as in <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a> and probably many others), <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A9_language" title="Koiné language">koinés</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_language" title="N&#39;Ko language">N'Ko</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Runyakitara_language" title="Runyakitara language">Runyakitara</a>) and emergence of new dialects (such as <a href="/wiki/Sheng_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheng (linguistics)">Sheng</a>). In some countries, there are official efforts to develop <a href="/wiki/Standard_language" title="Standard language">standardized language</a> versions.
+</p><p>There are also many less widely spoken languages that may be considered <a href="/wiki/Endangered_language" title="Endangered language">endangered languages</a>.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">Demographics of Africa</a></div>
+<p>Of the 1 billion Africans (in 2009), about 17 percent speak an <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">Arabic dialect</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> About 10 percent speak <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> the lingua franca of Southeast Africa; about 5 percent speak a <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> dialect;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> and about 5 percent speak <a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a>, which serves as a lingua franca in much of the Sahel. Other large West African languages are <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a>. Major Horn of Africa languages are <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lingala" title="Lingala">Lingala</a> is important in Central Africa. Important South African languages are <a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Pedi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Southern Ndebele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>French, English, and Portuguese are important languages in Africa due to colonialism. About 320 million,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 240 million and 35 million Africans, respectively, speak them as either native or secondary languages. Portuguese has become the national language of Angola and São Tomé and Príncipe, and Portuguese is the official language of Mozambique.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linguistic_features">Linguistic features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Linguistic features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Some linguistic features are particularly common among languages spoken in Africa, whereas others are less common. Such shared traits probably are not due to a common origin of all African languages. Instead, some may be due to <a href="/wiki/Language_contact" title="Language contact">language contact</a> (resulting in borrowing) and specific idioms and phrases may be due to a similar cultural background.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonological">Phonological</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Phonological"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Some widespread phonetic features include:
+</p>
+<ul><li>certain types of consonants, such as <a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">implosives</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɓa/</span>), <a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejectives</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kʼa/</span>), the <a href="/wiki/Labiodental_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental flap">labiodental flap</a> and in southern Africa, <a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">clicks</a> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ǂa/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ᵑǃa/</span>). True implosives are rare outside Africa, and clicks and the flap almost unheard of.</li>
+<li>doubly articulated <a href="/wiki/Labial-velar_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labial-velar consonant">labial-velar stops</a> like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k͡pa/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡ͡ba/</span> are found in places south of the Sahara.</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Prenasalized_consonant" title="Prenasalized consonant">prenasalized consonants</a>, like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/mpa/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ŋɡa/</span>, are widespread in Africa but not common outside it.</li>
+<li>sequences of stops and fricatives at the beginnings of words, such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/fsa/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pta/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/dt͡sk͡xʼa/</span>.</li>
+<li>nasal stops which only occur with nasal vowels, such as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ba]</span> vs. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mã]</span> (but both <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pa]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pã]</span>), especially in West Africa.</li>
+<li>vowels contrasting an <a href="/wiki/Advanced_tongue_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced tongue root">advanced or retracted tongue</a>, commonly called "tense" and "lax".</li>
+<li>simple <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a> systems which are used for grammatical purposes.</li></ul>
+<p>Sounds that are relatively uncommon in African languages include <a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">uvular consonants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthongs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">front rounded vowels</a>
+</p><p><a href="/wiki/Tonal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal language">Tonal languages</a> are found throughout the world but are especially common in Africa - in fact, there are far more tonal than non-tonal languages in Africa. Both the Nilo-Saharan and the Khoi-San phyla are fully tonal. The large majority of the Niger–Congo languages are also tonal. Tonal languages are also found in the Omotic, Chadic and South &amp; East Cushitic branches of Afroasiatic. The most common type of tonal system opposes two tone levels, High (H) and Low (L). <a href="/wiki/Tone_contour" title="Tone contour">Contour tones</a> do occur, and can often be analysed as two or more tones in succession on a single syllable. <i>Tone melodies</i> play an important role, meaning that it is often possible to state significant generalizations by separating tone sequences ("melodies") from the segments that bear them. <a href="/wiki/Tonal_sandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal sandhi">Tonal sandhi</a> processes like tone spread, tone shift, downstep and downdrift are common in African languages.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntactic">Syntactic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Syntactic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Widespread syntactical structures include the common use of adjectival verbs and the expression of comparison by means of a verb 'to surpass'. The Niger–Congo languages have large numbers of genders (<a href="/wiki/Noun_class" title="Noun class">noun classes</a>) which cause agreement in verbs and other words. <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_case" title="Grammatical case">Case</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_tense" title="Grammatical tense">tense</a> and other categories may be distinguished only by tone. Auxiliary verbs are also widespread among African languages; the fusing of subject markers and TAM/polarity auxiliaries into what are known as tense pronouns are more common in auxiliary verb constructions in African languages than in most other parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semantic">Semantic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Semantic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Quite often, only one term is used for both animal and meat; the word <i>nama</i> or <i>nyama</i> for animal/meat is particularly widespread in otherwise widely divergent African languages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics_2">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>The following is a table displaying the number of speakers of given languages within Africa:
+</p>
+<table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:99%;">
+
+<tbody><tr>
+<th width="15%">Language
+</th>
+<th width="15%">Family
+</th>
+<th style="width:15%;" data-sort-type="number">Native speakers (L1)
+</th>
+<th width="30%">Official status per country
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Abron_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Abron language">Abron</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>1,393,000<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afar_language" title="Afar language">Afar</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></td>
+<td>2,500,000</td>
+<td>Spoken in <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td>
+<td>7,200,000<sup id="cite_ref-statssa-2011-language-1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statssa-2011-language-1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>National language in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, co-official in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>11,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>None. Government sponsored language of <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></td>
+<td>32,400,000<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></td>
+<td>150,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but with separate mutually unintelligible varieties</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></td>
+<td>16,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (estimated) (including separate mutually unintelligible varieties)</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td>
+<td>65,300<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td>
+<td>Spoken in <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Creole" title="Cape Verdean Creole">Cape Verdean Creole</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Portuguese Creole</a></td>
+<td>871,000</td>
+<td>National language in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Chewa_language" title="Chewa language">Chewa</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>9,700,000<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorian</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>1,100,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Dangme_language" title="Dangme language">Dangme</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>1,020,000<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Dinka_language" title="Dinka language">Dinka</a>
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>
+</td>
+<td>4,238,400<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td>
+<td>6,500,000<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (estimated)</td>
+<td>See <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where English is an official language">List of countries and territories where English is an official language</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Fon_language" title="Fon language">Fon</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>2,300,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td>
+<td>1,200,000<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (estimated)</td>
+<td>See <a href="/wiki/List_of_territorial_entities_where_French_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of territorial entities where French is an official language">List of territorial entities where French is an official language</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_French" title="African French">African French</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fulani</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>25,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>National language of <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ga_language" title="Ga language">Ga</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>745,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>National language of <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, special status in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Gikuyu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gikuyu language">Gikuyu</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>8,100,000<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Spoken in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></td>
+<td>48,637,300<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Recognized in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Spoken in <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>27,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Native in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Recognized in <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalenjin language">Kalenjin</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a></td>
+<td>6,600,000</td>
+<td>Spoken in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Khoekhoe_language" title="Khoekhoe language">Khoekhoe</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Khoe_languages" title="Khoe languages">Khoe</a></td>
+<td>200,000<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>National language of <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kimbundu" title="Kimbundu">Kimbundu</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>1,700,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>9,800,000<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Kirundi</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>8,800,000<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kituba_language" title="Kituba language">Kituba</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kikongo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kikongo language">Kongo-based</a> <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole</a></td>
+<td>5,400,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Congo">Republic of Congo</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kikongo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kikongo language">Kongo</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>5,600,000<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, recognised national language of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Congo">Republic of Congo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Lingala_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingala language">Lingala</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>5,500,000<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>National language of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Congo">Republic of Congo</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Luganda" title="Luganda">Luganda</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>4,100,000<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Native language of <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Luhya_language" title="Luhya language">Luhya</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>6,800,000<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Spoken in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Luo_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Luo dialect">Luo</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a> (probable)</td>
+<td>5,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></td>
+<td>18,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-auto_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Creole" title="Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creole</a></td>
+<td>1,100,000<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Native language of <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Mossi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mossi language">Mossi</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>7,600,000<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Recognised regional language in <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nambya_language" title="Nambya language">Nambya</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>100,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ndau_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndau language">Ndau</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>2,400,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Ndebele</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>1,100,000<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Statutory national language in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Noon_language" title="Noon language">Noon</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>33,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language" title="Northern Ndebele language">Northern Ndebele</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>2,600,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Northern Sotho</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>4,600,000<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nuer_language" title="Nuer language">Nuer</a>
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>
+</td>
+<td>1,700,000<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></td>
+<td>37,071,900 (2020) <sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td>
+<td>17,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Sena_language" title="Sena language">Sena</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>2,869,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Sepedi</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>4,700,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Sesotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesotho language">Sesotho</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>5,600,000<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_Creole" title="Seychellois Creole">Seychellois Creole</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creole</a></td>
+<td>73,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>7,200,000<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></td>
+<td>21,937,940<sup id="cite_ref-eth_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eth-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></td>
+<td>1,100,000<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>), still marginally spoken in <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a>, recognized in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ndebele_language" title="Southern Ndebele language">Southern Ndebele</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>1,100,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>50,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Official in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>2,300,000</td>
+<td>Official in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Swaziland</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>Spoken in <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a>
+</td>
+<td>
+</td>
+<td>Spoken in <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></td>
+<td>7,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, regional language in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Tonga_language_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe)" title="Tonga language (Zambia and Zimbabwe)">Tonga</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>1,500,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>3,700,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Twi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Twi language">Twi</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>630,000</td>
+<td>Regional language in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Luba-Kasai_language" title="Luba-Kasai language">Tshiluba</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>6,300,000<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (1991)</td>
+<td>National language of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Xitsonga_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Xitsonga language">Tsonga</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>5,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> (as 'as Shangani'), <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Tshivenda</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>1,300,000</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>5,800,000<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, spoken in <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Umbundu" title="Umbundu">Umbundu</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>6,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>1,300,000<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Wolof_language" title="Wolof language">Wolof</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>5,454,000<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td>
+<td>Lingua franca in <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>7,600,000<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>28,000,000<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></td>
+<td>10,400,000<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>
+</td></tr></tbody></table>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_region">By region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: By region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Below is a list of the major languages of Africa by region, family and total number of <a href="/wiki/Primary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary language">primary language</a> speakers in millions.
+</p>
+<table class="wikitable" style="text-valign:top">
+
+<tbody><tr valign="top">
+<td>
+<dl><dt>North Africa</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>: 200</li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a>: 30–40
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_language" title="Kabyle language">Kabyle</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_languages" title="Atlas languages">Atlas</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Zenaga_language" title="Zenaga language">Zenaga</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nubian language">Nubian</a>: 5+<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fur_language" title="Fur language">Fur</a>: 5+<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_language" title="Zaghawa language">Zaghawa</a><sup id="cite_ref-John_A._Shoup_2011_p._333_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_A._Shoup_2011_p._333-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Masalit_language" title="Masalit language">Masalit</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kordofanian_languages" title="Kordofanian languages">Kordofanian languages</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuba">Nuba</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
+</td>
+<td>
+<dl><dt>Central Africa</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingala" title="Lingala">Lingala</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kinyarwanda" title="Kinyarwanda">Kinyarwanda</a>:12<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_language" title="Kongo language">Kongo</a>:5+<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov1_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov1-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tshiluba_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tshiluba language">Tshiluba</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kirundi" title="Kirundi">Kirundi</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul>
+</td>
+<td>
+<dl><dt>Eastern Africa</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a>:
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>: 5–10</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gikuyu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gikuyu language">Gikuyu</a>: 8+<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov2_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov2-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ganda_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganda language">Ganda</a>:6<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov3_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov3-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Luhya_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Luhya languages">Luhya</a>: 6+<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov2_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov2-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian language">Austronesian</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_language" title="Malagasy language">Malagasy</a>: 20+<sup id="cite_ref-auto_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages" title="Ubangian languages">Ubangian</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a>:2<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov4_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov4-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Banda</a>:1–2<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov4_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov4-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Zande_language" title="Zande language">Zande</a><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov5_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov5-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_language" title="Kanuri language">Kanuri</a>:10<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov6_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov6-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Luo_languages" title="Luo languages">Luo</a>:5+<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov2_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov2-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov3_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov3-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sara_languages" title="Sara languages">Sara</a>:3–4<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov6_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov6-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov4_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov4-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kalenjin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalenjin language">Kalenjin</a>:6+<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov2_90-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov2-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_language" title="Dinka language">Dinka</a><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov5_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov5-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nuer_language" title="Nuer language">Nuer</a><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov5_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov5-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_language" title="Shilluk language">Shilluk</a><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov5_93-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov5-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_language" title="Maasai language">Maasai</a>:1–2<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a>: 20+</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a>: 5</li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cushitic_languages" title="Cushitic languages">Cushitic</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>: 10–15</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_language" title="Oromo language">Oromo</a>: 30–35</li></ul></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>: 1<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gumuz_language" title="Gumuz language">Gumuz</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Anuak_language" title="Anuak language">Anuak</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kunama_language" title="Kunama language">Kunama</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nara_language" title="Nara language">Nara</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>: 1<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zigula_language" title="Zigula language">Zigula</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</td>
+<td>
+<dl><dt>Southern Africa</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>: 10<sup id="cite_ref-G_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a>: 8<sup id="cite_ref-G_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Chokwe_language" title="Chokwe language">Chokwe</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Shona_language" title="Shona language">Shona</a>: 7</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a>: 5</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>: 12</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tswana_language" title="Tswana language">Tswana</a>: 4<sup id="cite_ref-G_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Umbundu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbundu language">Umbundu</a>: 4<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov1_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov1-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sotho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sotho language">Sepedi</a>: 4<sup id="cite_ref-G_102-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Chichewa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichewa language">Chichewa</a>: 8<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Makua_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Makua language">Makua</a>: 8<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>: 7</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: 5</li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: 14</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
+</td>
+<td>
+<dl><dt>West Africa</dt></dl>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Benue–Congo">Benue–Congo</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibibio_language" title="Ibibio language">Ibibio</a> (Nigeria): 7<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta–Niger">Volta–Niger</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_language" title="Igbo language">Igbo</a> (Nigeria): 30–35<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>: 40<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa</a>:
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan</a> (Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire): 11</li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/More_language" class="mw-redirect" title="More language">More</a>: 5</li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Senegambian_languages" title="Senegambian languages">Senegambian</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a> (West Africa): 40<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_94-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov7_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov7-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov8_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov8-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Wolof_language" title="Wolof language">Wolof</a>: 8<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov7_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov7-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov8_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov8-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadic_languages" title="Chadic languages">Chadic</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a>: 50<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_94-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Saharan</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_language" title="Kanuri language">Kanuri</a>: 10<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov6_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov6-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Songhai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Songhai language">Songhai</a>:5<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a>:5<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
+</td></tr></tbody></table>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright">
+<li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/28px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/42px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/56px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Language" title="Portal:Language">Language portal</a></span></li></ul>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Writing_systems_of_Africa" title="Writing systems of Africa">Writing systems of Africa</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_West_African_Languages" title="Journal of West African Languages">Journal of West African Languages</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_languages_of_Africa" title="List of extinct languages of Africa">List of extinct languages of Africa</a></li></ul>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works">Works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Polyglotta_Africana" title="Polyglotta Africana">Polyglotta Africana</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Languages_of_Africa" title="The Languages of Africa">The Languages of Africa</a></i></li></ul>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classifiers">Classifiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: Classifiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius">Karl Lepsius</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Bender" title="Lionel Bender">Lionel Bender</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bleek" title="Wilhelm Bleek">Wilhelm Bleek</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ehret" title="Christopher Ehret">Christopher Ehret</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Meinhof" title="Carl Meinhof">Carl Meinhof</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Diedrich_Hermann_Westermann" title="Diedrich Hermann Westermann">Diedrich Westermann</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg" title="Joseph Greenberg">Joseph Greenberg</a></li></ul>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_and_migratory_influences">Colonial and migratory influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: Colonial and migratory influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Africans" title="Asian Africans">Asian Africans</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Language_Union" title="Dutch Language Union">Dutch Language Union</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_Africa" title="German colonization of Africa">German colonization of Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Egypt" title="Islamization of Egypt">Islamization of Egypt</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Italian_East_Africa" title="Italian East Africa">Italian East Africa</a> — including <a href="/wiki/Italian_Ethiopia" title="Italian Ethiopia">Italian Ethiopia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Italian North Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/North_African_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Arabs">North African Arabs</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Arabic" title="Maghrebi Arabic">Maghrebi Arabic</a> — via <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Muslim conquest of the Maghreb</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language_in_Africa" title="Portuguese language in Africa">Portuguese language in Africa</a> — predominant in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_African_countries" title="Portuguese-speaking African countries">Portuguese-speaking African countries</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Spanish Guinea</a> — presently Equatorial Guinea</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Africa" title="Spanish West Africa">Spanish West Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Spanish North Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Pidgin_English" title="West African Pidgin English">West African Pidgin English</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry" title="White Africans of European ancestry">White Africans of European ancestry</a></li></ul>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
+<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
+<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeineNurse2000">Heine &amp; Nurse (2000)</a></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEpsteinKole1998" class="citation book cs1">Epstein, Edmund L.; Kole, Robert, eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XkkrDH27jmIC&amp;pg=PR9"><i>The Language of African Literature</i></a>. Africa World Press. p.&#160;ix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86543-534-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86543-534-0"><bdi>0-86543-534-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2011</span>. <q>Africa is incredibly rich in language—over 3,000 indigenous languages by some counts, and many creoles, pidgins, and lingua francas.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Language+of+African+Literature&amp;rft.pages=ix&amp;rft.pub=Africa+World+Press&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=0-86543-534-0&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXkkrDH27jmIC%26pg%3DPR9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=nigeria">"Ethnologue report for Nigeria"</a>. <i>Ethnologue Languages of the World</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue+Languages+of+the+World&amp;rft.atitle=Ethnologue+report+for+Nigeria&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fshow_country.asp%3Fname%3Dnigeria&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOluwole2021" class="citation web cs1">Oluwole, Victor (12 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/lifestyle/a-comprehensive-list-of-all-the-english-speaking-countries-in-africa/hdp1610">"A comprehensive list of all the English-speaking countries in Africa"</a>. <i>Business Insider Africa</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Business+Insider+Africa&amp;rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+list+of+all+the+English-speaking+countries+in+Africa&amp;rft.date=2021-09-12&amp;rft.aulast=Oluwole&amp;rft.aufirst=Victor&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafrica.businessinsider.com%2Flocal%2Flifestyle%2Fa-comprehensive-list-of-all-the-english-speaking-countries-in-africa%2Fhdp1610&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein-Smith2022" class="citation web cs1">Stein-Smith, Kathleen (17 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/africa-and-the-french-language-are-growing-together-in-global-importance-179224">"Africa and the French language are growing together in global importance"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&amp;rft.atitle=Africa+and+the+French+language+are+growing+together+in+global+importance&amp;rft.date=2022-03-17&amp;rft.aulast=Stein-Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Kathleen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fafrica-and-the-french-language-are-growing-together-in-global-importance-179224&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYates" class="citation web cs1">Yates, Y. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/how-many-people-speak-portuguese-and-where-is-it-spoken">"How Many People Speak Portuguese, And Where Is It Spoken?"</a>. <i>Babbel Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Babbel+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=How+Many+People+Speak+Portuguese%2C+And+Where+Is+It+Spoken%3F&amp;rft.aulast=Yates&amp;rft.aufirst=Y&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.babbel.com%2Fen%2Fmagazine%2Fhow-many-people-speak-portuguese-and-where-is-it-spoken&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060530020735/http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001850/index.php">"African Union Summit 2006: Khartoum, Sudan"</a>. Southern African Regional Poverty Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sarpn.org.za/documents/d0001850/index.php">the original</a> on 30 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=African+Union+Summit+2006%3A+Khartoum%2C+Sudan&amp;rft.pub=Southern+African+Regional+Poverty+Network&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarpn.org.za%2Fdocuments%2Fd0001850%2Findex.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBender1985" class="citation journal cs1">Bender, M. Lionel (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sG8KAQAAMAAJ">"Review of Ehred &amp; Posnansky (eds.), <i>The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history</i>"</a>. <i>Language</i>. <b>61</b> (3–4). Linguistic Society of America: 695. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F414395">10.2307/414395</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/414395">414395</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Language&amp;rft.atitle=Review+of+Ehred+%26+Posnansky+%28eds.%29%2C+The+archaeological+and+linguistic+reconstruction+of+African+history&amp;rft.volume=61&amp;rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&amp;rft.pages=695&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F414395&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F414395%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.aulast=Bender&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+Lionel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsG8KAQAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhret2000" class="citation book cs1">Ehret, Christopher (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C7XhcYoFxaQC&amp;pg=PA290">"Language and History"</a>. In Heine, Bernd; Nurse, Derek (eds.). <i>African Languages: An Introduction</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-66629-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-66629-5"><bdi>0-521-66629-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Language+and+History&amp;rft.btitle=African+Languages%3A+An+Introduction&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pages=290&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-66629-5&amp;rft.aulast=Ehret&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC7XhcYoFxaQC%26pg%3DPA290&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellMixco2007" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Lyle; Mixco, Mauricio J. (2007). <i>A Glossary of Historical Linguistics</i>. University of Utah Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874808926" title="Special:BookSources/9780874808926"><bdi>9780874808926</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Glossary+of+Historical+Linguistics&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=9780874808926&amp;rft.aulast=Campbell&amp;rft.aufirst=Lyle&amp;rft.au=Mixco%2C+Mauricio+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2014" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, P.H. (2014). <i>Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics</i> (3rd&#160;ed.). OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199675128" title="Special:BookSources/9780199675128"><bdi>9780199675128</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+Concise+Dictionary+of+Linguistics&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=9780199675128&amp;rft.aulast=Matthews&amp;rft.aufirst=P.H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPithouseMitchellMoletsane2023" class="citation book cs1">Pithouse, Kathleen; Mitchell, Claudia; Moletsane, Relebohile (16 December 2023). <i>Making Connections: Self-Study &amp; Social Action</i>. Peter Lang. p.&#160;91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781433105012" title="Special:BookSources/9781433105012"><bdi>9781433105012</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Making+Connections%3A+Self-Study+%26+Social+Action&amp;rft.pages=91&amp;rft.pub=Peter+Lang&amp;rft.date=2023-12-16&amp;rft.isbn=9781433105012&amp;rft.aulast=Pithouse&amp;rft.aufirst=Kathleen&amp;rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Claudia&amp;rft.au=Moletsane%2C+Relebohile&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-Heese1971-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heese1971_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeese1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heese, J. A. (1971). <i>Die herkoms van die Afrikaner, 1657–1867</i> &#91;<i>The origin of the Afrikaner, 1657–1867</i>&#93; (in Afrikaans). Cape Town: A. A. Balkema. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1821706">1821706</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5361614M">5361614M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Die+herkoms+van+die+Afrikaner%2C+1657%E2%80%931867&amp;rft.place=Cape+Town&amp;rft.pub=A.+A.+Balkema&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1821706&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL5361614M%23id-name%3DOL&amp;rft.aulast=Heese&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKloeke1950" class="citation book cs1">Kloeke, G.G. (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/kloe004herk01_01/kloe004herk01_01.pdf"><i>Herkomst en groei van het Afrikaans</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Leiden: Universitaire Pers Leiden.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Herkomst+en+groei+van+het+Afrikaans&amp;rft.place=Leiden&amp;rft.pub=Universitaire+Pers+Leiden&amp;rft.date=1950&amp;rft.aulast=Kloeke&amp;rft.aufirst=G.G.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Ftekst%2Fkloe004herk01_01%2Fkloe004herk01_01.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeeringade_Wet2007" class="citation citeseerx cs1">Heeringa, Wilbert; de Wet, Febe (2007). "The origin of Afrikaans pronunciation: a comparison to west Germanic languages and Dutch dialects". <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.222.5044">10.1.1.222.5044</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=preprint&amp;rft.jtitle=CiteSeerX&amp;rft.atitle=The+origin+of+Afrikaans+pronunciation%3A+a+comparison+to+west+Germanic+languages+and+Dutch+dialects&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.222.5044%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&amp;rft.aulast=Heeringa&amp;rft.aufirst=Wilbert&amp;rft.au=de+Wet%2C+Febe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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+<li id="cite_note-coetzee-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coetzee_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoetzee1948" class="citation book cs1">Coetzee, Abel (1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbnl.org/arch/coet003stan01_01/pag/coet003stan01_01.pdf"><i>Standaard Afrikaans</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Afrikaner Pers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Standaard+Afrikaans&amp;rft.pub=Afrikaner+Pers&amp;rft.date=1948&amp;rft.aulast=Coetzee&amp;rft.aufirst=Abel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbnl.org%2Farch%2Fcoet003stan01_01%2Fpag%2Fcoet003stan01_01.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTibategeza2023" class="citation web cs1">Tibategeza, Eustard (January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367235628">"Language-in-Education Policy and Practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Language-in-Education+Policy+and+Practice+in+the+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo&amp;rft.date=2023-01&amp;rft.aulast=Tibategeza&amp;rft.aufirst=Eustard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F367235628&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugues_Steve_Ndinga-Koumba-Binza2011" class="citation web cs1">Hugues Steve Ndinga-Koumba-Binza, Hugues Steve Ndinga-Koumba-Binza (August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267327159">"From foreign to national: a review of the status of French in Gabon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=From+foreign+to+national%3A+a+review+of+the+status+of+French+in+Gabon&amp;rft.date=2011-08&amp;rft.aulast=Hugues+Steve+Ndinga-Koumba-Binza&amp;rft.aufirst=Hugues+Steve+Ndinga-Koumba-Binza&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F267327159&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-HombertPhilippson-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HombertPhilippson_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHombertPhilippson2009" class="citation book cs1">Hombert, Jean-Marie; Philippson, Gérard (2009). "The linguistic importance of language isolates: the African case". In Austin, Peter K.; Bond, Oliver; <a href="/wiki/Monik_Charette" title="Monik Charette">Charette, Monik</a>; Nathan, David; Sells, Peter (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523092814/http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/fulltext/hombert/Hombert_2009_LDLT2.pdf"><i>Proceedings of Conference on Language Documentation and Linguistic Theory 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: SOAS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/fulltext/hombert/Hombert_2009_LDLT2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+linguistic+importance+of+language+isolates%3A+the+African+case&amp;rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+Conference+on+Language+Documentation+and+Linguistic+Theory+2&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=SOAS&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.aulast=Hombert&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&amp;rft.au=Philippson%2C+G%C3%A9rard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr%2Ffulltext%2Fhombert%2FHombert_2009_LDLT2.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-Vossen-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vossen_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVossenDimmendaal2020" class="citation book cs1">Vossen, Rainer; Dimmendaal, Gerrit J., eds. (2020). <i>The Oxford Handbook of African Languages</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.&#160;392–407.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+African+Languages&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pages=392-407&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press.&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLau2020" class="citation book cs1">Lau, Charles (30 April 2020). "Language differences between interviewers and respondents in African surveys (Chapter 5)". In Sha, Mandy (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rti.org/rti-press-publication/language-survey-research"><i>The Essential Role of Language in Survey Research</i></a>. RTI Press. pp.&#160;101–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3768%2Frtipress.bk.0023.2004">10.3768/rtipress.bk.0023.2004</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934831-24-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934831-24-3"><bdi>978-1-934831-24-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Language+differences+between+interviewers+and+respondents+in+African+surveys+%28Chapter+5%29&amp;rft.btitle=The+Essential+Role+of+Language+in+Survey+Research&amp;rft.pages=101-115&amp;rft.pub=RTI+Press&amp;rft.date=2020-04-30&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3768%2Frtipress.bk.0023.2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-934831-24-3&amp;rft.aulast=Lau&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rti.org%2Frti-press-publication%2Flanguage-survey-research&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfricaNews2023" class="citation web cs1">AfricaNews (26 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2023/07/26/mali-drops-french-as-official-language/">"Mali drops French as official language"</a>. <i>Africanews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Africanews&amp;rft.atitle=Mali+drops+French+as+official+language&amp;rft.date=2023-07-26&amp;rft.au=AfricaNews&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2023%2F07%2F26%2Fmali-drops-french-as-official-language%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfricaNews2023" class="citation web cs1">AfricaNews (7 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2023/12/07/burkina-abandons-french-as-an-official-language/">"Burkina abandons French as an official language"</a>. <i>Africanews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Africanews&amp;rft.atitle=Burkina+abandons+French+as+an+official+language&amp;rft.date=2023-12-07&amp;rft.au=AfricaNews&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2023%2F12%2F07%2Fburkina-abandons-french-as-an-official-language%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-35515769">"Algeria reinstates term limit and recognises Berber language"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Algeria+reinstates+term+limit+and+recognises+Berber+language&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-35515769&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-:0-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sgg-mali.ml/JO/2017/mali-jo-2017-39.pdf">"JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>sgg-mali.ml</i>. 29 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>Langues nationales&#160;: langues considérées comme propres à une nation ou à un pays. Selon la Loi n°96- 049 du 23 août 1996, les langues nationales du Mali sont&#160;: le bamanankan (bambara), le bomu (bobo), le bozo (bozo), le dTgTsT (dogon), le fulfulde (peul), le hasanya (maure), le mamara (miniyanka), le maninkakan (malinké) le soninke (sarakolé), le soKoy (songhoï), le syenara (sénoufo), le tamasayt (tamasheq), le xaasongaxanKo (khassonké).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=sgg-mali.ml&amp;rft.atitle=JOURNAL+OFFICIEL+DE+LA+REPUBLIQUE+DU+MALI&amp;rft.date=2017-09-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsgg-mali.ml%2FJO%2F2017%2Fmali-jo-2017-39.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/">CIA – The World Factbook</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-Charter-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Charter_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to article 7 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf"><i>The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218004011/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/hr_docs/countries/docs/charterfeb04.pdf">Archived</a> 18 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "The official languages of the Somali Republic shall be Somali (Maay and Maxaatiri) and Arabic. The second languages of the Transitional Federal Government shall be English and Italian".</span>
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+<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer" class="citation web cs1">Spencer, Erika Hope. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.loc.gov/french-collections/francophone-studies/sub-saharan-africa">"Research Guides: France &amp; French Collections at the Library of Congress: Sub-Saharan Africa"</a>. <i>guides.loc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=guides.loc.gov&amp;rft.atitle=Research+Guides%3A+France+%26+French+Collections+at+the+Library+of+Congress%3A+Sub-Saharan+Africa&amp;rft.aulast=Spencer&amp;rft.aufirst=Erika+Hope&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.loc.gov%2Ffrench-collections%2Ffrancophone-studies%2Fsub-saharan-africa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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+<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFehn2019" class="citation cs2">Fehn, Anne-Maria (2019), Wolff, H. Ekkehard (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-african-linguistics/african-linguistics-in-official-portuguese-and-spanishspeaking-africa/9ED5EF68F7DE7E253FE57BE4AAF2AF0A">"African Linguistics in Official Portuguese- and Spanish-Speaking Africa"</a>, <i>A History of African Linguistics</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.&#160;189–204, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-41797-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-41797-6"><bdi>978-1-108-41797-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=A+History+of+African+Linguistics&amp;rft.atitle=African+Linguistics+in+Official+Portuguese-+and+Spanish-Speaking+Africa&amp;rft.pages=189-204&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-108-41797-6&amp;rft.aulast=Fehn&amp;rft.aufirst=Anne-Maria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fhistory-of-african-linguistics%2Fafrican-linguistics-in-official-portuguese-and-spanishspeaking-africa%2F9ED5EF68F7DE7E253FE57BE4AAF2AF0A&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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+<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaban" class="citation news cs1">Shaban, Abdurahman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201215231030/https://www.africanews.com/2020/03/04/one-to-five-ethiopia-gets-four-new-federal-working-languages//">"One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages"</a>. Africa News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2020/03/04/one-to-five-ethiopia-gets-four-new-federal-working-languages//">the original</a> on 15 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=One+to+five%3A+Ethiopia+gets+four+new+federal+working+languages&amp;rft.aulast=Shaban&amp;rft.aufirst=Abdurahman&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2020%2F03%2F04%2Fone-to-five-ethiopia-gets-four-new-federal-working-languages%2F%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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+<li id="cite_note-statssa-2011-language-1-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-statssa-2011-language-1_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf"><i>Census 2011: Census in brief</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-621-41388-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-621-41388-5"><bdi>978-0-621-41388-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513171240/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Census+2011%3A+Census+in+brief&amp;rft.place=Pretoria&amp;rft.pub=Statistics+South+Africa&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-621-41388-5&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statssa.gov.za%2Fcensus%2Fcensus_2011%2Fcensus_products%2FCensus_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_42-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Världens 100 största språk 2007" &#91;The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007&#93;. <i>Nationalencyklopedin</i> (in Swedish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=V%C3%A4rldens+100+st%C3%B6rsta+spr%C3%A5k+2007&amp;rft.btitle=Nationalencyklopedin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/amh">"Amharic"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Amharic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Famh&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ara">"Arabic"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Arabic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fara&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/berber">"Berber"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Berber&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fsubgroups%2Fberber&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bho">"Bhojpuri"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Bhojpuri&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fbho&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nya">"Chichewa"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Chichewa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fnya&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ada">"Dangme"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Dangme&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fada&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/din/">"Dinka"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Dinka&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fdin%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/eng">"English"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=English&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Feng&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/fra">"French"</a>. <i>Ethnologue.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue.com&amp;rft.atitle=French&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Ffra&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kik">"Gikuyu"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Gikuyu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fkik&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberhardSimonsFennig" class="citation web cs1">Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau">"Ethnologue hau"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>. SIL International<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Ethnologue+hau&amp;rft.aulast=Eberhard&amp;rft.aufirst=David+M.&amp;rft.au=Simons%2C+Gary+F.&amp;rft.au=Fennig%2C+Charles+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fhau&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ibo">"Igbo"</a>. Ethnologue.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Igbo&amp;rft.pub=Ethnologue&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fibo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenzinger2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Brenzinger, Matthias (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blickinsbuch.de/viewer/cm/access.php?Zmxhc2g9MSZ2MzE1Nj00MTE5NzM3ODc4JnY3Mzc2PTk3ODM4OTY0NTg3MzUmdGFyZ2V0X2lkPTMmdjkzNjk9S2VUTERlNHFLag==&amp;mxbook=eae7cfa63f85eb9adaf33f41448452f3">"The twelve modern Khoisan languages"</a>. In Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena; Ernszt, Martina (eds.). <i>Khoisan languages and linguistics: proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium, Riezlern / Kleinwalsertal</i>. QKF Research in Khoisan Studies. Vol.&#160;29. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. p.&#160;2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89645-873-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89645-873-5"><bdi>978-3-89645-873-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+twelve+modern+Khoisan+languages&amp;rft.btitle=Khoisan+languages+and+linguistics%3A+proceedings+of+the+3rd+International+Symposium%2C+Riezlern+%2F+Kleinwalsertal&amp;rft.place=Cologne&amp;rft.series=QKF+Research+in+Khoisan+Studies&amp;rft.pages=2&amp;rft.pub=R%C3%BCdiger+K%C3%B6ppe+Verlag&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-89645-873-5&amp;rft.aulast=Brenzinger&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthias&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blickinsbuch.de%2Fviewer%2Fcm%2Faccess.php%3FZmxhc2g9MSZ2MzE1Nj00MTE5NzM3ODc4JnY3Mzc2PTk3ODM4OTY0NTg3MzUmdGFyZ2V0X2lkPTMmdjkzNjk9S2VUTERlNHFLag%3D%3D%26mxbook%3Deae7cfa63f85eb9adaf33f41448452f3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/kon">"Kongo"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Kongo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fkon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/lug/">"Luganda"</a>. 19 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Luganda&amp;rft.date=2019-11-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2F18%2Flanguage%2Flug%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/luh">"Luhya"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Luhya&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fluh&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/luo">"Dholuo"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Dholuo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fluo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-auto-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mlg">"Malagasy"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Malagasy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fmlg&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mfe">"Morisyen"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Morisyen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fmfe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/nbl/">"Ndebele"</a>. Ethnologue<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ndebele&amp;rft.pub=Ethnologue&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2F18%2Flanguage%2Fnbl%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nso">"Sotho, Northern"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Sotho%2C+Northern&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fnso&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nus/">"Nuer"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Nuer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fnus%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/ET/languages">"Oromo first-language speakers at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Oromo+first-language+speakers+at+Ethnologue+%2823rd+ed.%2C+2020%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FET%2Flanguages&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberhardSimonsFennig" class="citation web cs1">Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/por">"Ethnologue report for Portuguese"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>. SIL International<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Ethnologue+report+for+Portuguese&amp;rft.aulast=Eberhard&amp;rft.aufirst=David+M.&amp;rft.au=Simons%2C+Gary+F.&amp;rft.au=Fennig%2C+Charles+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fpor&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sot">"Sotho, Southern"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Sotho%2C+Southern&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fsot&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219211917/http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_family.asp?subid=1934-16">"Ethnologue report for Shona (S.10)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ethnologue.com/16/show_family.asp?subid=1934-16">the original</a> on 19 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnologue+report+for+Shona+%28S.10%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.ethnologue.com%2F16%2Fshow_family.asp%3Fsubid%3D1934-16&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-eth-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eth_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/som/">"Somali"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SIL_International" title="SIL International">SIL International</a>. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Somali&amp;rft.pub=SIL+International&amp;rft.date=2024&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fsom%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/spa">"Spanish"</a>. Ethnologue<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Spanish&amp;rft.pub=Ethnologue&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fspa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeekYankah2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Peek, Philip M.; <a href="/wiki/Kwesi_Yankah" title="Kwesi Yankah">Yankah, Kwesi</a>, eds. (2004). "Swahili". <i>African folklore: an encyclopedia</i>. Taylor &amp; Francis. p.&#160;699. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203493144">10.4324/9780203493144</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-93933-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-93933-X"><bdi>0-415-93933-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Swahili&amp;rft.btitle=African+folklore%3A+an+encyclopedia&amp;rft.pages=699&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203493144&amp;rft.isbn=0-415-93933-X&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tir">"Tigrigna"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Tigrigna&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Ftir&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lua">"Luba-Kasai"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Luba-Kasai&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Flua&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tso">"Tsonga"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Tsonga&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Ftso&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/tsn">"Tswana"</a>. 19 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tswana&amp;rft.date=2019-11-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2F18%2Flanguage%2Ftsn&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/umb">"Umbundu"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Umbundu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fumb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ven">"Venda"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Venda&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fven&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wol">"Wolof"</a>. <i>Ethnologue</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&amp;rft.atitle=Wolof&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Flanguage%2Fwol&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMannan2006" class="citation web cs1">Mannan, Nuraddin (31 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406044519/http://www.secid.org/usefsociety/pdf/nubian.pdf">"Memories of Utopia- Infoshop, World Bank"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secid.org/usefsociety/pdf/nubian.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2015</span>. <q>There is no exact census for the Nubian population but some researchers estimate their number in Sudan for about 5 millions and about three millions in Egypt.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Memories+of+Utopia-+Infoshop%2C+World+Bank&amp;rft.date=2006-05-31&amp;rft.aulast=Mannan&amp;rft.aufirst=Nuraddin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secid.org%2Fusefsociety%2Fpdf%2Fnubian.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101224151231/http://www.sudantribune.com/CORRECTION-Census-shows-South,30867">"CORRECTION: Census shows South Sudan population at 8.2 million: report – Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan"</a>. <i>www.sudantribune.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudantribune.com/CORRECTION-Census-shows-South,30867">the original</a> on 24 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.sudantribune.com&amp;rft.atitle=CORRECTION%3A+Census+shows+South+Sudan+population+at+8.2+million%3A+report+%E2%80%93+Sudan+Tribune%3A+Plural+news+and+views+on+Sudan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudantribune.com%2FCORRECTION-Census-shows-South%2C30867&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200112100144/http://www.unsudanig.org/docs/darfur_fact_sheet_v22_5.pdf">"unsudanig.org"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unsudanig.org/docs/darfur_fact_sheet_v22_5.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=unsudanig.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unsudanig.org%2Fdocs%2Fdarfur_fact_sheet_v22_5.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
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+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-John_A._Shoup_2011_p._333-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_A._Shoup_2011_p._333_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoup2011" class="citation book cs1">Shoup, John A. (2011). <i>Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p.&#160;333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-363-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-363-7"><bdi>978-1-59884-363-7</bdi></a>. <q>The Zaghawa is one of the major divisions of the Beri peoples who live in western Sudan and eastern Chad, and their language, also called Zaghawa, belongs to the Saharan branch of the Nilo-Saharan language group.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+of+Africa+and+the+Middle+East&amp;rft.pages=333&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-59884-363-7&amp;rft.aulast=Shoup&amp;rft.aufirst=John+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Frwanda%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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+</li>
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+<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsomalia%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-G-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G_102-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsouth-africa%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkindipeKakaulaJoné" class="citation web cs1">Akindipe, Tola; Kakaula, Geofrey; Joné, Alcino. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chokwe.mofeko.com/">"Learn Chokwe Language"</a>. <i>Learn Chokwe (Mofeko)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Learn+Chokwe+%28Mofeko%29&amp;rft.atitle=Learn+Chokwe+Language&amp;rft.aulast=Akindipe&amp;rft.aufirst=Tola&amp;rft.au=Kakaula%2C+Geofrey&amp;rft.au=Jon%C3%A9%2C+Alcino&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchokwe.mofeko.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fbotswana%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmalawi%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/zambia/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fzambia%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmozambique%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-cia.gov7-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov7_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov7_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fsenegal%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-cia.gov8-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov8_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia.gov8_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gambia-the/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fgambia-the%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fcameroon%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mali/">"The World Factbook"</a>. 22 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.date=2021-09-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmali%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+</ol></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilds2003" class="citation book cs1">Childs, George Tucker (2003). <i>An Introduction to African Languages</i>. Amsterdam: John Benjamin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781588114211" title="Special:BookSources/9781588114211"><bdi>9781588114211</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52766015">52766015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+African+Languages&amp;rft.place=Amsterdam&amp;rft.pub=John+Benjamin&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52766015&amp;rft.isbn=9781588114211&amp;rft.aulast=Childs&amp;rft.aufirst=George+Tucker&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChimhundu2002" class="citation conference cs1">Chimhundu, Herbert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170516203511/https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/00245-EN.pdf"><i>Language Policies in Africa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Intergovernmental Conference on Language Policies in Africa (Revised&#160;ed.). Harare: UNESCO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/00245-EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=conference&amp;rft.btitle=Language+Policies+in+Africa&amp;rft.place=Harare&amp;rft.edition=Revised&amp;rft.pub=UNESCO&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.aulast=Chimhundu&amp;rft.aufirst=Herbert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fich.unesco.org%2Fdoc%2Fsrc%2F00245-EN.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCust1883" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Needham_Cust" title="Robert Needham Cust">Cust, Robert Needham</a> (1883). <i>Modern Languages of Africa</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Modern+Languages+of+Africa&amp;rft.date=1883&amp;rft.aulast=Cust&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+Needham&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis1996" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, Stephen, ed. (1996). <i>Africa Now: People, Policies, and Institutions</i>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGIS). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780435089870" title="Special:BookSources/9780435089870"><bdi>9780435089870</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Africa+Now%3A+People%2C+Policies%2C+and+Institutions&amp;rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+%28DGIS%29&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=9780435089870&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElugbe1998" class="citation book cs1">Elugbe, Ben (1998). "Cross-border and major languages of Africa". In Legère, K. (ed.). <i>Cross-border Languages: Reports and Studies, Regional Workshop on Cross-Border Languages, National Institute for Educational Development (NIED), Okahandja, 23–27 September 1996</i>. Windhoek: Gamsberg Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Cross-border+and+major+languages+of+Africa&amp;rft.btitle=Cross-border+Languages%3A+Reports+and+Studies%2C+Regional+Workshop+on+Cross-Border+Languages%2C+National+Institute+for+Educational+Development+%28NIED%29%2C+Okahandja%2C+23%E2%80%9327+September+1996&amp;rft.place=Windhoek&amp;rft.pub=Gamsberg+Macmillan&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.aulast=Elugbe&amp;rft.aufirst=Ben&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li>Ethnologue.com's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/country_index.asp?place=Africa">Africa</a>: A listing of African languages and language families.</li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1983" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Greenberg, Joseph H. (1983). "Some areal characteristics of African languages". In Dihoff, Ivan R. (ed.). <i>Current Approaches to African Linguistics</i>. Publications in African Languages and Linguistics. Vol.&#160;1. Dordrecht: Foris. pp.&#160;3–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Some+areal+characteristics+of+African+languages&amp;rft.btitle=Current+Approaches+to+African+Linguistics&amp;rft.place=Dordrecht&amp;rft.series=Publications+in+African+Languages+and+Linguistics&amp;rft.pages=3-21&amp;rft.pub=Foris&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.aulast=Greenberg&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1966" class="citation book cs1">Greenberg, Joseph H. (1966). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Languages_of_Africa" title="The Languages of Africa">The Languages of Africa</a></i> (2nd&#160;ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Languages+of+Africa&amp;rft.place=Bloomington&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft.aulast=Greenberg&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeineNurse2000" class="citation book cs1">Heine, Bernd; Nurse, Derek, eds. (2000). <i>African Languages: An Introduction</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=African+Languages%3A+An+Introduction&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebbKembo-Sure1998" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Vic; Kembo-Sure, eds. (1998). <i>African Voices: An Introduction to the Languages and Linguistics of Africa</i>. Cape Town: Oxford University Press Southern Africa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=African+Voices%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Languages+and+Linguistics+of+Africa&amp;rft.place=Cape+Town&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+Southern+Africa&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestphal1963" class="citation journal cs1">Westphal, E.O.J. (1963). "The Linguistic Prehistory of Southern Africa: Bush, Kwadi, Hottentot, and Bantu Linguistic Relationships". <i>Africa</i>. <b>33</b> (3): 237–265. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1157418">10.2307/1157418</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1157418">1157418</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143635864">143635864</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Africa&amp;rft.atitle=The+Linguistic+Prehistory+of+Southern+Africa%3A+Bush%2C+Kwadi%2C+Hottentot%2C+and+Bantu+Linguistic+Relationships&amp;rft.volume=33&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=237-265&amp;rft.date=1963&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143635864%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1157418%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1157418&amp;rft.aulast=Westphal&amp;rft.aufirst=E.O.J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanguages+of+Africa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Languages_of_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofeko.com/">one of the largest online resources for African languages</a> at Mofeko</li>
+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kasahorow.org">African language resources for children</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150803022422/http://www.kasahorow.org/">Archived</a> 3 August 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>
+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africanlanguages.com/">Web resources for African languages</a></li>
+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muturzikin.com/carteafrique.htm">Linguistic maps of Africa from Muturzikin.com</a></li>
+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/als/iliss-advanced.html?query=&amp;tt=&amp;kw=&amp;sbj=0700300&amp;geo=&amp;res=3020&amp;search=1">Online Dictionaries</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/als/iliss-advanced.html?query=&amp;tt=&amp;kw=&amp;sbj=0700300&amp;geo=&amp;res=6082&amp;search=1">e-books</a> and other <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/als/iliss-advanced.html?query=&amp;tt=&amp;kw=&amp;sbj=0700300&amp;geo=&amp;res=6170&amp;search=1">online fulltexts</a> in or on African languages</li></ul>
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+<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Africa" title="Template:Languages of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Languages of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages of Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Algeria" title="Languages of Algeria">Algeria</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Angola" title="Languages of Angola">Angola</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Benin" title="Languages of Benin">Benin</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Botswana" title="Languages of Botswana">Botswana</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Languages of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Burundi" title="Languages of Burundi">Burundi</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cameroon" title="Languages of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Languages of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Chad" title="Languages of Chad">Chad</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Comoros" title="Languages of the Comoros">Comoros</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Djibouti" title="Languages of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Egypt" title="Languages of Egypt">Egypt</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Eritrea" title="Languages of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Eswatini" title="Languages of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ethiopia" title="Languages of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Gabon" title="Languages of Gabon">Gabon</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Gambia" title="Languages of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ghana" title="Languages of Ghana">Ghana</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guinea" title="Languages of Guinea">Guinea</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guinea-Bissau" title="Languages of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ivory_Coast" title="Languages of Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kenya" title="Languages of Kenya">Kenya</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Lesotho" title="Languages of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Liberia" title="Languages of Liberia">Liberia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Libya" title="Languages of Libya">Libya</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Madagascar" title="Languages of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Malawi">Malawi</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mali" title="Languages of Mali">Mali</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mauritania" title="Languages of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mauritius" title="Languages of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Morocco" title="Languages of Morocco">Morocco</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mozambique" title="Languages of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Namibia" title="Languages of Namibia">Namibia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niger" title="Languages of Niger">Niger</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nigeria" title="Languages of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Rwanda" title="Languages of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Languages of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Senegal" title="Languages of Senegal">Senegal</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Seychelles" title="Languages of Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Languages of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Somalia" title="Languages of Somalia">Somalia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Africa" title="Languages of South Africa">South Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Sudan" title="Languages of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sudan" title="Languages of Sudan">Sudan</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tanzania" title="Languages of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Togo" title="Languages of Togo">Togo</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tunisia" title="Languages of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Uganda" title="Languages of Uganda">Uganda</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Zambia" title="Languages of Zambia">Zambia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Zimbabwe" title="Languages of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Somaliland" title="Languages of Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Ceuta">Ceuta</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Melilla">Melilla</a>&#160;&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Madeira">Madeira</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mayotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Mayotte">Mayotte</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Réunion">Réunion</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a>&#160;<span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul>
+</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Africa_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topics" title="Template:Africa topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topics" title="Template talk:Africa topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Africa_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Index_of_Africa-related_articles" title="Index of Africa-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Africa" title="History of Africa">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+ </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient history of Africa">Antiquity</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa_during_classical_antiquity" title="North Africa during classical antiquity">North Africa</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_archaeology" title="African archaeology">Archaeology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">Pre-colonial kingdoms</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">Empires</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sahelian_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahelian kingdoms">Sahelian</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Muslim conquest</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africa" title="European exploration of Africa">European exploration</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Colonisation_of_Africa" title="Colonisation of Africa">European colonisation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa" title="Slavery in Africa">Slavery</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_slave_trade" title="Barbary slave trade">Barbary</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_slave_trade" title="Trans-Saharan slave trade">Trans-Saharan</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Africa" title="Economic history of Africa">Economy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">Empires</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Talk:History_of_Africa#Historiography_of_Africa" title="Talk:History of Africa">Historiography</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Africa" title="Military history of Africa">Military</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">conflicts</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Africa" title="History of science and technology in Africa">Science and technology</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Central_Africa" title="History of Central Africa">Central</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Africa" title="History of East Africa">East</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Africa" title="History of North Africa">North</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Southern_Africa" title="History of Southern Africa">South</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Africa" title="History of West Africa">West</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Africa" title="Geography of Africa">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_points_of_African_countries" title="List of highest points of African countries">Highest points</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impact_craters_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of impact craters in Africa">Impact craters</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Africa" title="List of islands of Africa">Islands</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_Africa" title="Natural history of Africa">Natural history</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Africa" title="List of regions of Africa">Regions</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">South</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Africa" title="List of rivers of Africa">Rivers</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Africa#Politics" title="Africa">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Africa" title="Elections in Africa">Elections</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Africa" title="Democracy in Africa">Democracy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_in_Africa" title="Category:Heads of government in Africa">Heads of government</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_in_Africa" title="Category:Heads of state in Africa">Heads of state</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Africa" title="Human rights in Africa">Human rights</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Africa_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Africa by country">Freedom of religion</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Africa">LGBT rights</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_linguistic_rights_in_African_constitutions" title="List of linguistic rights in African constitutions">Linguistic rights</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Africa#More_Women_Rights" title="Women in Africa">Women's rights</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_feminism" title="African feminism">feminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/International_organisations_in_Africa" title="International organisations in Africa">International organisations</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Africa">Politics</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Africa" title="Category:Political parties in Africa">parties</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Africa" title="Economy of Africa">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Central banks</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of African countries by GDP (nominal)">Countries by GDP (nominal)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of African countries by GDP (PPP)">Countries by GDP (PPP)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of African countries by Human Development Index">Countries by HDI</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Africans_by_net_worth" title="List of Africans by net worth">Billionaires</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Africa" title="Education in Africa">Education</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_in_Africa" title="Infrastructure in Africa">Infrastructure</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Africa" title="Internet in Africa">Internet</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Africa" title="Natural resources of Africa">Natural resources</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Africa" title="Poverty in Africa">Poverty</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Africa" title="Renewable energy in Africa">Renewable energy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_stock_exchanges" title="List of African stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Africa" title="Abortion in Africa">Abortion</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_Africa" title="Birth control in Africa">Birth control</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Caste_systems_in_Africa" title="Caste systems in Africa">Caste systems</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Africa" title="Climate change in Africa">Climate change</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Africa" title="Etiquette in Africa">Etiquette</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Africa" title="Category:Health in Africa">Health</a></li>
+<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Religion</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Africa" title="Culture of Africa">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Africa" title="Architecture of Africa">Architecture</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_art" title="African art">Art</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Cinema</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_literature" title="African literature">Literature</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Africa">Media</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Africa" title="Music of Africa">Music</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_philosophy" title="African philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Africa" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Africa">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Africa" title="Sport in Africa">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Cricket_Association" title="Africa Cricket Association">Africa Cricket Association</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African Games</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asian_Games" title="Afro-Asian Games">Afro-Asian Games</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Africa" title="Australian rules football in Africa">Australian-rules football</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football" title="Confederation of African Football">Confederation of African Football</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/FIBA_Africa" title="FIBA Africa">FIBA Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Africa" title="Rugby Africa">Rugby Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_stadiums_by_capacity" title="List of African stadiums by capacity">Stadiums by capacity</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tour_d%27Afrique" title="Tour d&#39;Afrique">Tour d'Afrique</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population" title="List of African countries by population">Countries by population</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population_density" title="List of African countries by population density">density</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Africa" title="Emigration from Africa">Emigration</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_of_Africa" title="List of ethnic groups of Africa">Ethnic groups</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Africa" title="HIV/AIDS in Africa">HIV/AIDS</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of African countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_Africa" title="Urbanization in Africa">Urbanization</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cities_in_Africa" title="Lists of cities in Africa">cities</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Africa_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Africa by population">urban areas</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Africa" title="Youth in Africa">Youth in Africa</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_in_Africa" title="Category:Years in Africa">By year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Africa" title="2005 in Africa">2005</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Africa" title="2006 in Africa">2006</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Africa" title="2007 in Africa">2007</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Africa (page does not exist)">2008</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Africa (page does not exist)">2009</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 in Africa (page does not exist)">2010</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in Africa (page does not exist)">2011</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in Africa (page does not exist)">2012</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 in Africa (page does not exist)">2013</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 in Africa (page does not exist)">2014</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 in Africa (page does not exist)">2015</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Africa" title="2016 in Africa">2016</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2017 in Africa (page does not exist)">2017</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 in Africa (page does not exist)">2018</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Africa (page does not exist)">2019</a></li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_in_Africa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="2020 in Africa (page does not exist)">2020</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Africa" title="Outline of Africa">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Africa-related_articles" title="Index of Africa-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_languages_lists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_languages_lists" title="Template:Countries and languages lists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_languages_lists" title="Template talk:Countries and languages lists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_languages_lists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and languages lists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_languages_lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories" title="Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories">Countries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_languages" title="Lists of languages">languages</a> lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_recognized_official_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by the number of recognized official languages">Countries by the number of recognized official languages</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Arabic_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language">Arabic</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Chinese_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Chinese is an official language">Chinese</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Afrikaans_or_Dutch_are_official_languages" title="List of countries and territories where Afrikaans or Dutch are official languages">Dutch/Afrikaans</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where English is an official language">English</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_French_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where French is an official language">French</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_German_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where German is an official language">German</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Hindustani_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Hindustani is an official language">Hindustani</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Italian_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Italian is an official language">Italian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Malay_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Malay is an official language">Malay</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Persian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language">Persian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language">Portuguese</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Romanian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Romanian is an official language">Romanian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Russian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Russian is an official language">Russian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Spanish_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Spanish is an official language">Spanish</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Tamil_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Tamil is an official language">Tamil</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonyms and exonyms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_and_their_capitals_in_native_languages" title="List of countries and dependencies and their capitals in native languages">Countries and capitals in native languages</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_names_in_various_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country names in various languages">Country names in various languages</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_names_in_various_languages_(A%E2%80%93C)" title="List of country names in various languages (A–C)">A–C</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_names_in_various_languages_(D%E2%80%93I)" title="List of country names in various languages (D–I)">D–I</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_names_in_various_languages_(J%E2%80%93P)" title="List of country names in various languages (J–P)">J–P</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_names_in_various_languages_(Q%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of country names in various languages (Q–Z)">Q–Z</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Cambodia" title="Names of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_China" title="Names of China">China</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Germany" title="Names of Germany">Germany</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Iceland" title="Names of Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_for_India" title="Names for India">India</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Indonesia" title="Names of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Japan" title="Names of Japan">Japan</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Korea" title="Names of Korea">Korea</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Kosovo" title="Names of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Myanmar" title="Names of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Singapore" title="Names of Singapore">Singapore</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Names of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Vietnam" title="Names of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">Languages of the European Union</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent<br />and subregion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Africa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Americas</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_North_America" title="Languages of North America">North America</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Caribbean" title="Languages of the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_America" title="Languages of South America">South America</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asia</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_East_Asia" title="Languages of East Asia">East Asia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">South Asia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Southeast_Asian_languages" title="Classification of Southeast Asian languages">Southeast Asia</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Europe</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Oceania</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_languages" title="Melanesian languages">Melanesia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_languages" title="List of official languages">Official languages</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_official_languages_by_country_and_territory" title="List of official languages by country and territory">by country and territory</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_recognized_official_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by the number of recognized official languages">Countries by the number of recognized official languages</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_languages_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Number of languages by country">Number of languages</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By population</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers">By number of native speakers</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_speakers_in_Europe" title="List of languages by number of speakers in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers" title="List of languages by total number of speakers">By number of total speakers</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_in_censuses" title="Languages in censuses">Languages in censuses</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_families" title="List of language families">Language families</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indo-European_languages" title="List of Indo-European languages">List of Indo-European languages</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongolic_languages" title="List of Mongolic languages">List of Mongolic languages</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkic_languages" title="List of Turkic languages">List of Turkic languages</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uralic_languages" title="List of Uralic languages">List of Uralic languages</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language-based<br /><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a><br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Arabic)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Language_Union" title="Dutch Language Union">Dutch Language Union</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dutch)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(English)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Union" title="Latin Union">Latin Union</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Romance languages)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Three_Linguistic_Spaces" title="Three Linguistic Spaces">Three Linguistic Spaces</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Francophonie</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(French)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a>
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_African_countries" title="Portuguese-speaking African countries">Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portuguese)</span></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hispanidad" title="Hispanidad">Hispanidad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spanish)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Turkic languages)</span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_of_Turkic_Culture" title="International Organization of Turkic Culture">International Organization of Turkic Culture</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Turkic languages)</span></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_languages" title="Category:Lists of languages">Lists of languages</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages" title="Category:Languages">Category:Languages</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Niger–Congo_branches" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Template:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Template talk:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Niger%E2%80%93Congo_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Niger–Congo branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Niger–Congo_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Atlantic–Congo languages">Atlantic–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Savannas_languages" title="Savannas languages">Savannas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_languages" title="Adamawa languages">Adamawa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bena%E2%80%93Mboi_languages" title="Bena–Mboi languages">Bena–Mboi</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Bikwin%E2%80%93Jen_languages" title="Bikwin–Jen languages">Bikwin–Jen</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Bua_languages" title="Bua languages">Bua</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Day_language" title="Day language">Day</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Fali_languages_(Cameroon)" title="Fali languages (Cameroon)">Fali</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Kim_languages" title="Kim languages">Kim</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kwah_language" title="Kwah language">Kwah (Baa)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Longuda_language" title="Longuda language">Longuda</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Mbum_languages" title="Mbum languages">Mbum (Kebi–Benue)</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Mumuye_languages" title="Mumuye languages">Mumuye</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nyingwom_language" title="Nyingwom language">Nyingwom (Kam)</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Duru_languages" title="Duru languages">Samba–Duru</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Tula%E2%80%93Waja_languages" title="Tula–Waja languages">Tula–Waja</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Yendang_languages" title="Yendang languages">Yendang (Maya)</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Central Gur</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kulango_languages" title="Kulango languages">Kulango</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Yobe_language" title="Yobe language">Miyobe</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(Burkina)" title="Samo language (Burkina)">Samo (Burkina)</a>&#160;?</li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Senufo</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tiefo_language" title="Tiefo language">Tiefo</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tusya_language" title="Tusya language">Tusian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Viemo_language" title="Viemo language">Viemo</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ubangian_languages" title="Ubangian languages">Ubangian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Banda_languages" title="Banda languages">Banda</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Gbaya_languages" title="Gbaya languages">Gbaya</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Mba_languages" title="Mba languages">Mba</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Ngbaka_languages" title="Ngbaka languages">Ngbaka (Mundu–Baka)</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ngbandi_language" title="Ngbandi language">Ngbandi</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Sere_languages" title="Sere languages">Sere (Ndogo)</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Zande_languages" title="Zande languages">Zande</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Volta–Congo languages">Volta–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benue%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Benue–Congo languages">Benue–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platoid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jukunoid_languages" title="Jukunoid languages">Jukunoid</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Kainji_languages" title="Kainji languages">Kainji</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Plateau_languages" title="Plateau languages">Plateau</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_languages" title="Cross River languages">Cross River</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Central_Delta_languages" title="Central Delta languages">Central Delta</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Lower_Cross_River_languages" title="Lower Cross River languages">Lower Cross River</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_languages" title="Ogoni languages">Ogoni</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Upper_Cross_River_languages" title="Upper Cross River languages">Upper Cross River</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Bantoid_languages" title="Northern Bantoid languages">Northern Bantoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dakoid_languages" title="Dakoid languages">Dakoid</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Mambiloid_languages" title="Mambiloid languages">Mambiloid</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tikar_language" title="Tikar language">Tikar</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bantoid_languages" title="Southern Bantoid languages">Southern Bantoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Beboid_languages" title="Beboid languages">Beboid</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Bendi_languages" title="Bendi languages">Bendi</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Ekoid_languages" title="Ekoid languages">Ekoid</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Grassfields_languages" title="Grassfields languages">Grassfields</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Tivoid_languages" title="Tivoid languages">Tivoid</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Volta%E2%80%93Niger_languages" title="Volta–Niger languages">Volta–Niger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akoko_language" title="Akoko language">Akoko</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Akpes_language" title="Akpes language">Akpes</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Ayere%E2%80%93Ahan_languages" title="Ayere–Ahan languages">Ayere–Ahan</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Edoid_languages" title="Edoid languages">Edoid</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Gbe_languages" title="Gbe languages">Gbe</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Idomoid_languages" title="Idomoid languages">Idomoid</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Igboid_languages" title="Igboid languages">Igboid</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Nupoid_languages" title="Nupoid languages">Nupoid</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Oko_language" title="Oko language">Oko</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ukaan_language" title="Ukaan language">Ukaan</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Yoruboid_languages" title="Yoruboid languages">Yoruboid</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Atlantic_languages" title="West Atlantic languages">West Atlantic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bak_languages" title="Bak languages">Bak</a></b>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bijago_language" title="Bijago language">Bijago</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gola_language" title="Gola language">Gola</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Limba_language" title="Limba language">Limba</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Mel_languages" title="Mel languages">Mel</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nalu_language" title="Nalu language">Nalu</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Rio_Nunez_languages" title="Rio Nunez languages">Rio Nunez</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Senegambian_languages" title="Senegambian languages">Senegambian</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sua_language" title="Sua language">Sua</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dompo_language" title="Dompo language">Dompo</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ega_language" title="Ega language">Ega</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Kru_languages" title="Kru languages">Kru</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa</a></b></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangree_language" title="Mangree language">Mangree</a></i>&#160;?</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mbre_language" title="Mbre language">Mbre</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mpra_language" title="Mpra language">Mpra</a></i>&#160;?</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Siamou_language" title="Siamou language">Siamou</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mande_languages" title="Eastern Mande languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_language" title="Bissa language">Bissa</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Busa_language_(Mande)" title="Busa language (Mande)">Busa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Boko_language" title="Boko language">Boko</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(Burkina)" title="Samo language (Burkina)">Samo (Burkina)</a>&#160;?</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Shanga_language" title="Shanga language">Shanga</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kyenga_language" title="Kyenga language">Tyenga</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mande_languages" title="Southern Mande languages">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_language" title="Dan language">Dan</a>–<a href="/wiki/Goo_language" title="Goo language">Goo</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tura_language" title="Tura language">Tura</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gban_language" title="Gban language">Gban</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beng_language" title="Beng language">Beng</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Guro_language" title="Guro language">Guro</a>–<a href="/wiki/Yaure_language" title="Yaure language">Yaure</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mano_language" title="Mano language">Mano</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mwan_language" title="Mwan language">Mwa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Wan_language" title="Wan language">Wan</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central West<br />(Manding–Kpelle)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jogo_languages" title="Jogo languages">Jogo</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Manding_languages" title="Manding languages">Manding</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Mokole_languages" title="Mokole languages">Mokole</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Soso%E2%80%93Jalonke_languages" title="Soso–Jalonke languages">Soso–Jalonke (Susu–Yalunka)</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mande_languages" title="Southwestern Mande languages">Southwestern Mande</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Vai%E2%80%93Kono_languages" title="Vai–Kono languages">Vai–Kono</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwest<br />(Samogo–Soninke)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobo_language" title="Bobo language">Bobo</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jowulu_language" title="Jowulu language">Jowulu (Jɔ)</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Samogo_languages" title="Samogo languages">Samogo (partial: Duun–Sembla)</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Soninke%E2%80%93Bozo_languages" title="Soninke–Bozo languages">Soninke–Bozo</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kordofanian_languages" title="Kordofanian languages">Kordofanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Katloid_languages" title="Katloid languages">Katla</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Lafofa_languages" title="Lafofa languages">Lafofa</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Rashad_languages" title="Rashad languages">Rashad</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Talodi%E2%80%93Heiban_languages" title="Talodi–Heiban languages">Talodi–Heiban</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defaka_language" title="Defaka language">Defaka</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Dogon_languages" title="Dogon languages">Dogon</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Ijoid_languages" title="Ijoid languages">Ijoid</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangime_language" title="Bangime language">Bangime</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Jalaa_language" title="Jalaa language">Jalaa</a></i>&#160;?</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Komta_language" title="Komta language">Komta</a></i>&#160;?</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Laal_language" title="Laal language">Laal</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Degere" title="Degere">Degere</a>&#160;?</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dima-Bottego_language" title="Dima-Bottego language">Dima-Bottego</a></i>&#160;?</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaio_language" title="Omaio language">Omaio</a></i>&#160;?</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Rimba_language" title="Rimba language">Rimba</a>&#160;?</li>
+<li>"<i><a href="/wiki/Serengeti-Dorobo_language" title="Serengeti-Dorobo language">Serengeti-Dorobo</a></i>"&#160;?</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Wawu_language" title="Wawu language">Wawu</a></i>&#160;?</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proto-languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Niger%E2%80%93Congo_language" title="Proto-Niger–Congo language">Proto-Niger–Congo</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Bantu_language" title="Proto-Bantu language">Proto-Bantu</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Yoruboid_language" title="Proto-Yoruboid language">Proto-Yoruboid</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nilo-Saharan_branches" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nilo-Saharan_branches" title="Template:Nilo-Saharan branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nilo-Saharan_branches" title="Template talk:Nilo-Saharan branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nilo-Saharan_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nilo-Saharan branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nilo-Saharan_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><br />border region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berta_languages" title="Berta languages">Berta</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/B%CA%BCaga_languages" title="Bʼaga languages">Bʼaga</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Koman_languages" title="Koman languages">Koman</a>
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gule_language" title="Gule language">Gule</a></i>&#160;?</li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kuliak_languages" title="Kuliak languages">Kuliak</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kunama_languages" title="Kunama languages">Kunama</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ongota_language" title="Ongota language">Ongota</a></i>&#160;?</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Shabo_language" title="Shabo language">Shabo</a></i>&#160;?</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fur_languages" title="Fur languages">Furan</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kadu_languages" title="Kadu languages">Kadu</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Maban_languages" title="Maban languages">Maban</a></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Saharan_languages" title="Saharan languages">Saharan</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Sudanic_languages" title="Central Sudanic languages">Central Sudanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Birri_language" title="Birri language">Birri</a></i>&#160;?</li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Bongo%E2%80%93Bagirmi_languages" title="Bongo–Bagirmi languages">Bongo–Bagirmi</a></b></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kresh_languages" title="Kresh languages">Kresh</a>&#160;?</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lenduic_languages" title="Lenduic languages">Lendu</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mangbetu_languages" title="Mangbetu languages">Mangbetu</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mangbutu%E2%80%93Lese_languages" title="Mangbutu–Lese languages">Mangbutu–Lese</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Moru%E2%80%93Madi_languages" title="Moru–Madi languages">Moru–Madi</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinyar_language" title="Sinyar language">Sinyar</a></i>&#160;?</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Sudanic_languages" title="Eastern Sudanic languages">Eastern Sudanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daju_languages" title="Daju languages">Daju</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Jebel_languages" title="Eastern Jebel languages">Eastern Jebel</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Nara_language" title="Nara language">Nara</a></i></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Nilotic_languages" title="Nilotic languages">Nilotic</a></b></li>
+<li><b><a href="/wiki/Surmic_languages" title="Surmic languages">Surmic</a></b></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Astaboran_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Astaboran languages">Astaboran</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_languages" title="Nubian languages">Nubian</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nyimang_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyimang languages">Nyimang</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Taman_languages" title="Taman languages">Tama</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Temein_languages" title="Temein languages">Temein</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207930#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207930#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207930#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4120108-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85001729">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85001567">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119321874">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119321874">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="africké jazyky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph157214&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lenguas africanas"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX527332">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000165159&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007293826205171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007292930505171">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027235920">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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+					<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Africa" title="Category:Languages of Africa">Languages of Africa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Afrikaans-language_sources_(af)" title="Category:CS1 Afrikaans-language sources (af)">CS1 Afrikaans-language sources (af)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" title="Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)">CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2022">Articles with dead external links from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2020">Use dmy dates from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li></ul></div></div>
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+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a>
+</li>
+<li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Exaptation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a>
+</li>
+<li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Exaptation" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a>
+</li>
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+			
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+	</div>
+</div>
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+	</div>
+	
+<div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out"  title="Log in and more options" >
+	<input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox "  aria-label="Personal tools"  >
+	<label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true"  ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span>
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+<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span>
+	</label>
+	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
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+
+		
+<div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item"  title="User menu" >
+	<div class="vector-menu-content">
+		
+		<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+			
+			<li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Exaptation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Exaptation" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li>
+		</ul>
+		
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+<div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor"  >
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+		Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a>
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+			
+			<li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li>
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+		</div>
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+</div>
+<div class="mw-page-container">
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+			<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
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+				<nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark">
+					<div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container">
+					<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element">
+	<div
+	class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned"
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+	<h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
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+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+			<a href="#" class="vector-toc-link">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
+			</a>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-History_and_definitions"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_definitions">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>
+				<span>History and definitions</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-History_and_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Preadaptation"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preadaptation">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>
+				<span>Preadaptation</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Preadaptation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Examples"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>
+				<span>Examples</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Adaptation_and_exaptation_cycle"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptation_and_exaptation_cycle">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>
+				<span>Adaptation and exaptation cycle</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Adaptation_and_exaptation_cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Implications"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implications">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>
+				<span>Implications</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Implications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Implications subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Evolution_of_complex_traits"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution_of_complex_traits">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span>
+					<span>Evolution of complex traits</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Evolution_of_complex_traits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Jury-rigged_design"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jury-rigged_design">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span>
+					<span>Jury-rigged design</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Jury-rigged_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Evolution_of_technology"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution_of_technology">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span>
+					<span>Evolution of technology</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Evolution_of_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-In_the_cognitive_science_of_religion"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_cognitive_science_of_religion">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span>
+					<span>In the cognitive science of religion</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-In_the_cognitive_science_of_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-See_also"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>
+				<span>See also</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Notes"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>
+				<span>Notes</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-References"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>
+				<span>References</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Sources"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span>
+				<span>Sources</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
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+					<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Exaptation</span></h1>
+							
+<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang"  >
+	<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages"   >
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+
+<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span>
+	</label>
+	<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
+
+		<div class="vector-menu-content">
+			
+			<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
+				
+				<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82" title="تكيف مسبق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تكيف مسبق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Преадаптация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Преадаптация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptaci%C3%B3" title="Exaptació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Exaptació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptace" title="Exaptace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Exaptace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptation" title="Exaptation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Exaptation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptaci%C3%B3n" title="Exaptación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Exaptación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="نوسازگاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوسازگاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptation" title="Exaptation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exaptation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exaptaci%C3%B3n" title="Exaptación – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Exaptación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksaptasi" title="Eksaptasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eksaptasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preadattamento" title="Preadattamento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Preadattamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="אקספטציה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקספטציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%81%A9%E5%BF%9C" title="外適応 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="外適応" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksaptasjon" title="Eksaptasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eksaptasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooptacja_(biologia)" title="Kooptacja (biologia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kooptacja (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exapta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Exaptação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Exaptação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экзаптация – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экзаптация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C3%B3ria_preadapt%C3%A1cie" title="Teória preadaptácie – Slovak" lang="sk" 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Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екзаптація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94" title="扩展适应 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="扩展适应" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li>
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+						<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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+					<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preadaptation&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Preadaptation">Preadaptation</a>)</span></div></div>
+					
+					
+					<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Function of trait, shifted by evolution</div>
+<p><b>Exaptation</b> or <b>co-option</b> is a shift in the <a href="/wiki/Function_(biology)" title="Function (biology)">function</a> of a trait during <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>. For example, a trait can evolve because it served one particular function, but subsequently it may come to serve another. Exaptations are common in both anatomy and behaviour.
+</p><p>Bird feathers are a classic example. Initially they may have evolved for temperature regulation, but later were adapted for flight. When feathers were first used to aid in flight, that was an exaptive use. They have since then been shaped by natural selection to improve flight, so in their current state they are best regarded as adaptations for flight. So it is with many structures that initially took on a function as an exaptation: once molded for a new function, they become further adapted for that function.
+</p><p>Interest in exaptation relates to both the process and products of evolution: the process that creates <a href="/wiki/Complex_traits" title="Complex traits">complex traits</a> and the products (functions, anatomical structures, biochemicals, etc.) that may be imperfectly developed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The term "exaptation" was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Vrba" title="Elisabeth Vrba">Elisabeth Vrba</a> as a replacement for "<b>pre-adaptation</b>", which they considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Teleology_in_biology" title="Teleology in biology">teleologically</a> loaded term<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGouldVrba1982_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGouldVrba1982-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (i.e., it falsely implies that adaptation, or evolution generally, acts in pursuit of some goal).
+</p>
+<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_definitions">History and definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History and definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/170px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/255px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/340px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="3119" /></a><figcaption>Charles Darwin</figcaption></figure>
+<p>The idea that the function of a trait might shift during its evolutionary history originated with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> (<a href="#CITEREFDarwin1859">Darwin 1859</a>). For many years the phenomenon was labeled "preadaptation", but since this term suggests <a href="/wiki/Teleology_in_biology" title="Teleology in biology">teleology in biology</a>, appearing to conflict with <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a>, it has been replaced by the term exaptation.
+</p><p>The idea had been explored by several scholars<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> when in 1982 <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Vrba" title="Elisabeth Vrba">Elisabeth Vrba</a> introduced the term "exaptation". However, this definition had two categories with different implications for the role of adaptation.
+</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>(1) A character, previously shaped by natural selection for a particular function (an adaptation), is coopted for a new use—cooptation.
+(2) A character whose origin cannot be ascribed to the direct action of natural selection (a nonaptation), is coopted for a current use—cooptation. (Gould and Vrba 1982, Table 1)
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The definitions are silent as to whether exaptations had been shaped by natural selection after cooption, although Gould and Vrba cite examples (e.g., feathers) of traits shaped after cooption. Note that the selection pressure upon a trait is likely to change if it is (especially, primarily or solely) used for a new purpose, potentially initiating a different evolutionary trajectory.
+</p><p>To avoid these ambiguities, <a href="/wiki/David_Buss" title="David Buss">David Buss</a> et al. suggested the term "co-opted adaptation", which is limited to traits that evolved after cooption.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>  However, the commonly used terms of "exaptation" and "cooption" are ambiguous in this regard.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preadaptation">Preadaptation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Preadaptation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>In some circumstances, the "pre-" in preadaptation can be interpreted as applying, for non-teleological reasons, prior to the adaptation itself, creating a meaning for the term that is distinct from exaptation.<sup id="cite_ref-Eshel98_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eshel98-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Masel06_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Masel06-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For example, future environments (say, hotter or drier ones), may resemble those already encountered by a population at one of its current spatial or temporal margins.<sup id="cite_ref-Eshel98_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eshel98-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This is not actual foresight, but rather the luck of having adapted to a climate which later becomes more prominent. Cryptic <a href="/wiki/Genetic_variation" title="Genetic variation">genetic variation</a> may have the most strongly deleterious <a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">mutations</a> purged from it, leaving an increased chance of useful adaptations,<sup id="cite_ref-Masel06_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Masel06-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but this represents <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">selection</a> acting on current <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genomes</a> with consequences for the future, rather than foresight.
+</p><p>Function may not always come before form: developed structures could change or alter the primary functions they were intended for due to some structural or historical cause.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_feather_pigments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Red_feather_pigments.jpg/220px-Red_feather_pigments.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Red_feather_pigments.jpg/330px-Red_feather_pigments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Red_feather_pigments.jpg/440px-Red_feather_pigments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Bird feathers of various colors</figcaption></figure>
+<p>Exaptations include the co-option of <a href="/wiki/Feathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Feathers">feathers</a>, which initially evolved for heat regulation, for display, and later for use in bird flight. Another example is the lungs of many <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, which evolved into the lungs of terrestrial vertebrates but also underwent exaptation to become the <a href="/wiki/Gas_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas bladder">gas bladder</a>, a buoyancy control organ, in derived fish.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A third is the <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles" title="Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles">repurposing of two of the three bones in the amniote jaw</a> to become the malleus and incus of the mammalian ear, leaving the mammalian jaw with just one hinge.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropods</a> provide the earliest identifiable fossils of land animals, from about <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=419">419</a>&#160;million years ago</span> in the Late <a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian</a>, and terrestrial tracks from about <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=450">450</a>&#160;million years ago</span> appear to have been made by arthropods.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arthropods were well pre-adapted to colonize land, because their existing jointed <a href="/wiki/Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">exoskeletons</a> provided support against gravity and mechanical components that could interact to provide levers, columns and other means of locomotion that did not depend on submergence in water.<sup id="cite_ref-CowenHistLifeEd3P126_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CowenHistLifeEd3P126-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">Metabolism</a> can be considered an important part of exaptation. As one of the oldest biological systems and being central to life on the Earth, studies have shown that metabolism may be able to use exaptation in order to increase fitness, given some new set of conditions or environment.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Studies have shown that up to 44 carbon sources are viable for metabolism to successfully take place and that any one adaptation in these specific metabolic systems is due to multiple exaptations.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Taking this perspective, exaptations are important in the origination of adaptations in general. A recent example comes from <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lenski" title="Richard Lenski">Richard Lenski</a>'s <a href="/wiki/E._coli_long-term_evolution_experiment" title="E. coli long-term evolution experiment"><i>E. coli</i> long-term evolution experiment</a>, in which aerobic growth on <a href="/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">citrate</a> arose in one of twelve populations after 31,000 generations of evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Genomic analysis by <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Blount" title="Zachary Blount">Blount</a> and colleagues showed that this novel trait was due to a <a href="/wiki/Gene_duplication" title="Gene duplication">gene duplication</a> that caused a citrate <a href="/wiki/Transport_protein" title="Transport protein">transporter</a> that is normally expressed only under anoxic conditions to be expressed under <a href="/wiki/Oxic" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxic">oxic</a> conditions, thus exapting it for aerobic use.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Gould and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Brosius" title="Jürgen Brosius">Brosius</a> took the concept of exaptation to the genetic level. It is possible to look at a <a href="/wiki/Retroposon" title="Retroposon">retroposon</a>, originally thought to be simply junk DNA, and deduce that it may have gained a new function to be termed as an exaptation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Given an emergency situation in the past, a species may have co-opted junk DNA for a useful purpose. This may have occurred with <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammalian</a> ancestors when confronted with the <a href="/wiki/Permian%E2%80%93Triassic_extinction_event" title="Permian–Triassic extinction event">Permian–Triassic extinction event</a> about 250 million years ago and substantial increase in the level of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. More than 100 <a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">loci</a> have been found to be <a href="/wiki/Conserved_sequence" title="Conserved sequence">conserved</a> only among mammalian genomes and are thought to have essential roles in the generation of features such as the <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">diaphragm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mammary_gland" title="Mammary gland">mammary glands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neocortex" title="Neocortex">neocortex</a>, and auditory ossicles. It is believed that as a result of exaptation, or making previously "useless" DNA into DNA that could be used in order to increase survival chance, mammals were able to generate new brain structures as well as behavior to better survive the mass extinction and adapt to new environments. Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a> and their components have been repeatedly exapted for host functions. The functions of exapted viruses typically involve either defense from other viruses or cellular competitors or transfer of nucleic acids between cells, or storage functions. <a href="/wiki/Koonin" class="mw-redirect" title="Koonin">Koonin</a> and Krupovic suggested that virus exaptation can reach different depths, from recruitment of a fully functional virus to exploitation of defective, partially degraded viruses, to utilization of individual virus proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptation_and_exaptation_cycle">Adaptation and exaptation cycle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Adaptation and exaptation cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>It was speculated by Gould and Vrba<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in one of the first papers written about exaptation, that when an exaptation arises, it may not be perfectly suited for its new role and may therefore evolve new adaptations to promote its use in a better manner. In other words, the beginning of evolving a particular trait starts out with a primary adaptation toward a fit or specific role, followed by a primary exaptation (a new role is derived using the existing feature but may not be perfect for it), which in turn leads to the evolution of a secondary adaptation (the feature is improved by natural selection for better performance), promoting further evolution of an exaptation, and so forth.
+</p><p>Once again, feathers are an important example, in that they may have first been adapted for thermoregulation and with time became useful for catching insects, and therefore served as a new feature for another benefit. For instance, large contour feathers with specific arrangements arose as an adaptation for catching insects more successfully, which eventually led to flight, since the larger feathers served better for that purpose.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implications">Implications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution_of_complex_traits">Evolution of complex traits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Evolution of complex traits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>One of the challenges to Darwin's theory of evolution was explaining how complex structures could evolve gradually,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> given that their incipient forms may have been inadequate to serve any function. As <a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_Mivart" class="mw-redirect" title="George Jackson Mivart">George Jackson Mivart</a> (a critic of Darwin) pointed out, 5 percent of a bird wing would not be functional. The incipient form of complex traits would not have survived long enough to evolve to a useful form.
+</p><p>As Darwin elaborated in the last edition of <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">The Origin of Species</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> many complex traits evolved from earlier traits that had served different functions. By trapping air, primitive wings would have enabled birds to efficiently regulate their temperature, in part, by lifting up their feathers when too warm. Individual animals with more of this functionality would more successfully survive and reproduce, resulting in the proliferation and intensification of the trait.
+</p><p>Eventually, feathers became sufficiently large to enable some individuals to glide. These individuals would in turn more successfully survive and reproduce, resulting in the spread of this trait because it served a second and still more beneficial function: that of locomotion. Hence, the evolution of bird wings can be explained by a shifting in function from the regulation of temperature to flight.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jury-rigged_design">Jury-rigged design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Jury-rigged design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Darwin explained how the traits of living organisms are well-designed for their environment, but he also recognized that many traits are imperfectly designed. They appear to have been made from available material, that is, <a href="/wiki/Jury-rigged" class="mw-redirect" title="Jury-rigged">jury-rigged</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Understanding exaptations may suggest hypotheses regarding subtleties in the adaptation. For instance, that feathers evolved initially for thermal regulation may help to explain some of their features unrelated to flight.<sup id="cite_ref-M&amp;L_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M&amp;L-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>  However, this is readily explained by the fact that they serve a dual purpose.
+</p><p>Some of the chemical pathways for physical pain and pain from <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">social exclusion</a> overlap.<sup id="cite_ref-M&amp;L_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M&amp;L-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The physical pain system may have been co-opted to motivate social animals to respond to threats to their inclusion in the group.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution_of_technology">Evolution of technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Evolution of technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>Exaptation has received increasing attention in <a href="/wiki/Innovation_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Innovation studies">innovation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Management_studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Management studies">management studies</a> inspired by evolutionary dynamics, where it has been proposed as a mechanism that drives the <a href="/wiki/Serendipitous" class="mw-redirect" title="Serendipitous">serendipitous</a> expansion of technologies and products in new domains.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Such as? (November 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_cognitive_science_of_religion">In the cognitive science of religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: In the cognitive science of religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<p>In the <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">cognitive science of religion</a>, exaptation is used to explain religious behavior and belief. As such, religion is seen as the byproduct of mental evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atavism" title="Atavism">Atavism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_fitting" title="Ecological fitting">Ecological fitting</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Repurposing" title="Repurposing">Repurposing</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Spandrel_(biology)" title="Spandrel (biology)">Spandrel (biology)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Vestigiality" title="Vestigiality">Vestigiality</a></li></ul>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
+<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
+<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Jacob (1977)<sup id="cite_ref-Jacob1977_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacob1977-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Mayr (1982)<sup id="cite_ref-Mayr1982_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayr1982-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> for references.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob (1977)<sup id="cite_ref-Jacob1977_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacob1977-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> sees much of evolution as "tinkering," that is, working with available traits. "Tinkering" includes (but is not limited to) shifts in function.</span>
+</li>
+</ol></div></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
+<ol class="references">
+<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBock,_W.J.1959" class="citation journal cs1">Bock, W.J. (1959). "Preadaptation and multiple evolutionary pathways". <i>Evolution</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 194–211. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2405873">10.2307/2405873</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2405873">2405873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Evolution&amp;rft.atitle=Preadaptation+and+multiple+evolutionary+pathways&amp;rft.volume=13&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=194-211&amp;rft.date=1959&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2405873&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2405873%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.au=Bock%2C+W.J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaydenFerradaWagner2011" class="citation journal cs1">Hayden, Eric J.; Ferrada, Evandro; Wagner, Andreas (2 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/59818/1/Hayden_Ferrada_Wagner_cryptic_Nature_revised.pdf">"Cryptic genetic variation promotes rapid evolutionary adaptation in an RNA enzyme"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>474</b> (7349): 92–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature10083">10.1038/nature10083</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21637259">21637259</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4390213">4390213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Cryptic+genetic+variation+promotes+rapid+evolutionary+adaptation+in+an+RNA+enzyme&amp;rft.volume=474&amp;rft.issue=7349&amp;rft.pages=92-95&amp;rft.date=2011-06-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4390213%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21637259&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature10083&amp;rft.aulast=Hayden&amp;rft.aufirst=Eric+J.&amp;rft.au=Ferrada%2C+Evandro&amp;rft.au=Wagner%2C+Andreas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zora.uzh.ch%2Fid%2Feprint%2F59818%2F1%2FHayden_Ferrada_Wagner_cryptic_Nature_revised.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGouldVrba1982-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGouldVrba1982_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGouldVrba1982">Gould &amp; Vrba 1982</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-Jacob1977-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jacob1977_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jacob1977_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob1977" class="citation journal cs1">Jacob, F. (1977). "Evolution and tinkering". <i>Science</i>. <b>196</b> (4295): 1161–6. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977Sci...196.1161J">1977Sci...196.1161J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.860134">10.1126/science.860134</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/860134">860134</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science&amp;rft.atitle=Evolution+and+tinkering&amp;rft.volume=196&amp;rft.issue=4295&amp;rft.pages=1161-6&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F860134&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.860134&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977Sci...196.1161J&amp;rft.aulast=Jacob&amp;rft.aufirst=F.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-Mayr1982-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mayr1982_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayr1982" class="citation book cs1">Mayr, Ernst (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pHThtE2R0UQC"><i>The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-36445-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-36445-5"><bdi>978-0-674-36445-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Growth+of+Biological+Thought%3A+Diversity%2C+Evolution%2C+and+Inheritance&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-36445-5&amp;rft.aulast=Mayr&amp;rft.aufirst=Ernst&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpHThtE2R0UQC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buss, David M., Martie G. Haselton, Todd K. Shackelford, et al. (1998) "Adaptations, Exaptations, and Spandrels," <i><a href="/wiki/American_Psychologist" title="American Psychologist">American Psychologist</a></i>, 53 (May):533&#8211;548. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/comm/haselton/webdocs/spandrels.html">http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/comm/haselton/webdocs/spandrels.html</a> </span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-Eshel98-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eshel98_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eshel98_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEshel,_I._Matessi,_C.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Eshel, I. Matessi, C. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1460279">"Canalization, genetic assimilation and preadaptation: A quantitative genetic model"</a>. <i>Genetics</i>. <b>149</b> (4): 2119–2133. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgenetics%2F149.4.2119">10.1093/genetics/149.4.2119</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1460279">1460279</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9691063">9691063</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Canalization%2C+genetic+assimilation+and+preadaptation%3A+A+quantitative+genetic+model&amp;rft.volume=149&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=2119-2133&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1460279%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9691063&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgenetics%2F149.4.2119&amp;rft.au=Eshel%2C+I.+Matessi%2C+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1460279&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-Masel06-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Masel06_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Masel06_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasel2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Masel" title="Joanna Masel">Masel, Joanna</a> (March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1456269">"Cryptic Genetic Variation Is Enriched for Potential Adaptations"</a>. <i>Genetics</i>. <b>172</b> (3): 1985–1991. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1534%2Fgenetics.105.051649">10.1534/genetics.105.051649</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1456269">1456269</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16387877">16387877</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Cryptic+Genetic+Variation+Is+Enriched+for+Potential+Adaptations&amp;rft.volume=172&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=1985-1991&amp;rft.date=2006-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1456269%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16387877&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1534%2Fgenetics.105.051649&amp;rft.aulast=Masel&amp;rft.aufirst=Joanna&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1456269&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajon,_E.Masel,_J.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Rajon, E.; <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Masel" title="Joanna Masel">Masel, J.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024668">"Evolution of molecular error rates and the consequences for evolvability"</a>. <i>PNAS</i>. <b>108</b> (3): 1082–1087. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..108.1082R">2011PNAS..108.1082R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1012918108">10.1073/pnas.1012918108</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024668">3024668</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21199946">21199946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=PNAS&amp;rft.atitle=Evolution+of+molecular+error+rates+and+the+consequences+for+evolvability&amp;rft.volume=108&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=1082-1087&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3024668%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21199946&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1012918108&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PNAS..108.1082R&amp;rft.au=Rajon%2C+E.&amp;rft.au=Masel%2C+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3024668&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isita-org.com/jass/Contents/2011Vol89/e-pub/21757789.pdf">Exaptation in Human Evolution: How to Test Adaptive vs Exaptive Evolutionary Hypotheses</a></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColleen_Farmer1997" class="citation journal cs1">Colleen Farmer (1997). "Did Lungs and the Intracardiac Shunt Evolve to Oxygenate the Heart in Vertebrates?". <i>Paleobiology</i>. <b>23</b> (3): 358–372. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Pbio...23..358F">1997Pbio...23..358F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0094837300019734">10.1017/S0094837300019734</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2401109">2401109</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:87285937">87285937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Paleobiology&amp;rft.atitle=Did+Lungs+and+the+Intracardiac+Shunt+Evolve+to+Oxygenate+the+Heart+in+Vertebrates%3F&amp;rft.volume=23&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=358-372&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0094837300019734&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A87285937%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2401109%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997Pbio...23..358F&amp;rft.au=Colleen+Farmer&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05">"Jaws to ears in the ancestors of mammals"</a>. UC Berkeley<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Jaws+to+ears+in+the+ancestors+of+mammals&amp;rft.pub=UC+Berkeley&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevolution.berkeley.edu%2Fevolibrary%2Farticle%2Fevograms_05&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
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+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zora.uzh.ch/88311/5/Barve_Nature_2013.pdf">A Latent Capacity for Evolutionary Innovation through Exaptation in Metabolic Systems</a></span>
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+</li>
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+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKooninKrupovic2018" class="citation journal cs1">Koonin, EV; Krupovic, M (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01977329/file/Koonin_Krupovic_COiV2018_V2.pdf">"The depths of virus exaptation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Current Opinion in Virology</i>. <b>31</b>: 1–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.coviro.2018.07.011">10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30071360">30071360</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51906158">51906158</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Virology&amp;rft.atitle=The+depths+of+virus+exaptation&amp;rft.volume=31&amp;rft.pages=1-8&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A51906158%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30071360&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.coviro.2018.07.011&amp;rft.aulast=Koonin&amp;rft.aufirst=EV&amp;rft.au=Krupovic%2C+M&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fpasteur-01977329%2Ffile%2FKoonin_Krupovic_COiV2018_V2.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.hawaii.edu/~khayes/Journal_Club/fall2006/Gould_&amp;_Vrb_1982_Paleobio.pdf">Exaptation - A Missing Term in the Science of Form</a></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The development of complex structures (i.e., evolution of novelties) occur either by intensification of an existing function or by a switch in functions.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarwin1872">Darwin 1872</a></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-M&amp;L-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M&amp;L_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M&amp;L_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonaldLeary2005" class="citation journal cs1">MacDonald, G.; Leary, M.R. (2005). "Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain". <i>Psychological Bulletin</i>. <b>131</b> (2): 202–23. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.335.4272">10.1.1.335.4272</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0033-2909.131.2.202">10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.202</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15740417">15740417</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10540325">10540325</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Psychological+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=Why+does+social+exclusion+hurt%3F+The+relationship+between+social+and+physical+pain&amp;rft.volume=131&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=202-23&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.335.4272%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10540325%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15740417&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0033-2909.131.2.202&amp;rft.aulast=MacDonald&amp;rft.aufirst=G.&amp;rft.au=Leary%2C+M.R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrianiCattani2016" class="citation journal cs1">Andriani, Pierpaolo; Cattani, Gino (2016). "Exaptation as source of creativity, innovation, and diversity: Introduction to the Special Section". <i>Industrial and Corporate Change</i>. <b>25</b>: 115–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficc%2Fdtv053">10.1093/icc/dtv053</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147024001">147024001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Industrial+and+Corporate+Change&amp;rft.atitle=Exaptation+as+source+of+creativity%2C+innovation%2C+and+diversity%3A+Introduction+to+the+Special+Section&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.pages=115-131&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficc%2Fdtv053&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147024001%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Andriani&amp;rft.aufirst=Pierpaolo&amp;rft.au=Cattani%2C+Gino&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowellClarke2012" class="citation journal cs1">Powell, Russell; Clarke, Steve (2012-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1093/bjps/axr035">"Religion as an Evolutionary Byproduct: A Critique of the Standard Model"</a>. <i>The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science</i>. <b>63</b> (3): 457–486. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbjps%2Faxr035">10.1093/bjps/axr035</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-0882">0007-0882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+for+the+Philosophy+of+Science&amp;rft.atitle=Religion+as+an+Evolutionary+Byproduct%3A+A+Critique+of+the+Standard+Model&amp;rft.volume=63&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=457-486&amp;rft.date=2012-09-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbjps%2Faxr035&amp;rft.issn=0007-0882&amp;rft.aulast=Powell&amp;rft.aufirst=Russell&amp;rft.au=Clarke%2C+Steve&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.1093%2Fbjps%2Faxr035&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+</ol></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exaptation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1859" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin, Charles</a> (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=197&amp;itemID=F373&amp;viewtype=text">"On the origin and transitions of organic beings with peculiar habits and structure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species"><i>On the Origin of Species</i></a> (1st&#160;ed.). London: John Murray. pp.&#160;179–186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=On+the+origin+and+transitions+of+organic+beings+with+peculiar+habits+and+structure&amp;rft.btitle=On+the+Origin+of+Species&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=179-186&amp;rft.edition=1st&amp;rft.pub=John+Murray&amp;rft.date=1859&amp;rft.aulast=Darwin&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fpageseq%3D197%26itemID%3DF373%26viewtype%3Dtext&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1872" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin, Charles</a> (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=166&amp;itemID=F391&amp;viewtype=text">"Difficulties of the theory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species"><i>The Origin of Species</i></a> (6th&#160;ed.). London: John Murray. pp.&#160;138–143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Difficulties+of+the+theory&amp;rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Species&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=138-143&amp;rft.edition=6th&amp;rft.pub=John+Murray&amp;rft.date=1872&amp;rft.aulast=Darwin&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fpageseq%3D166%26itemID%3DF391%26viewtype%3Dtext&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich, Paul</a>, and Marcus Feldman (2003) "Genes and Culture: What Creates Our Behavioral Phenome?," <i>Current Anthropology</i>, 44 (February):87–107. Included are comments and a reply.</li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGouldVrba1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Gould, Stephen Jay</a>; Vrba, Elisabeth S. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.hawaii.edu/~khayes/Journal_Club/fall2006/Gould_&amp;_Vrb_1982_Paleobio.pdf">"Exaptation — a missing term in the science of form"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Paleobiology</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 4–15. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982Pbio....8....4G">1982Pbio....8....4G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0094837300004310">10.1017/S0094837300004310</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2400563">2400563</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86436132">86436132</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Paleobiology&amp;rft.atitle=Exaptation+%E2%80%94+a+missing+term+in+the+science+of+form&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=4-15&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0094837300004310&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86436132%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2400563%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1982Pbio....8....4G&amp;rft.aulast=Gould&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen+Jay&amp;rft.au=Vrba%2C+Elisabeth+S.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.hawaii.edu%2F~khayes%2FJournal_Club%2Ffall2006%2FGould_%26_Vrb_1982_Paleobio.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould1991" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Gould, Stephen Jay</a> (1991). "Exaptation: A Crucial Tool for an Evolutionary Psychology". <i>Journal of Social Issues</i>. <b>47</b> (3): 43–65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-4560.1991.tb01822.x">10.1111/j.1540-4560.1991.tb01822.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+Issues&amp;rft.atitle=Exaptation%3A+A+Crucial+Tool+for+an+Evolutionary+Psychology&amp;rft.volume=47&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=43-65&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-4560.1991.tb01822.x&amp;rft.aulast=Gould&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen+Jay&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExaptation" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li>"Preadaptation" Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. Merriam-Webster Online. 22 January 2009 &lt;<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/preadaptation">http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/preadaptation</a>&gt;</li></ul>
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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Branches_of_biology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Branches_of_biology" title="Template:Branches of biology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Branches_of_biology" title="Template talk:Branches of biology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Branches_of_biology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Branches of biology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Branches_of_biology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_biology#Branches" title="Outline of biology">Branches of biology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Aerobiology" title="Aerobiology">Aerobiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Agrostology" title="Agrostology">Agrostology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">Anatomy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bacteriology" title="Bacteriology">Bacteriology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeography</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biogeology" title="Biogeology">Biogeology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biological_engineering" title="Biological engineering">Biological engineering</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biomechanics" title="Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">Biophysics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biosemiotics" title="Biosemiotics">Biosemiotics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biostatistics" title="Biostatistics">Biostatistics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">Botany</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cell_biology" title="Cell biology">Cell biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_microbiology" title="Cellular microbiology">Cellular microbiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_biology" title="Chemical biology">Chemical biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Chronobiology" title="Chronobiology">Chronobiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_biology" title="Cognitive biology">Cognitive biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Computational_biology" title="Computational biology">Computational biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">Conservation biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cryobiology" title="Cryobiology">Cryobiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cytogenetics" title="Cytogenetics">Cytogenetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dendrology" title="Dendrology">Dendrology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_biology" title="Developmental biology">Developmental biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_genetics" title="Ecological genetics">Ecological genetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">Ecology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Embryology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">Epigenetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_biology" title="Freshwater biology">Freshwater biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Generative_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Generative biology">Generative biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">Genetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Genomics" title="Genomics">Genomics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Geobiology" title="Geobiology">Geobiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gerontology" title="Gerontology">Gerontology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Herpetology" title="Herpetology">Herpetology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">Histology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Human_biology" title="Human biology">Human biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ichthyology" title="Ichthyology">Ichthyology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">Immunology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lipidology" title="Lipidology">Lipidology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mammalogy" title="Mammalogy">Mammalogy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Marine_biology" title="Marine biology">Marine biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_and_theoretical_biology" title="Mathematical and theoretical biology">Mathematical biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Microbiology" title="Microbiology">Microbiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">Molecular biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mycology" title="Mycology">Mycology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neontology" title="Neontology">Neontology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_science" title="Nutritional science">Nutrition</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ornithology" title="Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Osteology" title="Osteology">Osteology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">Paleontology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Parasitology" title="Parasitology">Parasitology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Photobiology" title="Photobiology">Photobiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Phycology" title="Phycology">Phycology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" title="Phylogenetics">Phylogenetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pomology" title="Pomology">Pomology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Primatology" title="Primatology">Primatology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Proteomics" title="Proteomics">Proteomics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Protistology" title="Protistology">Protistology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_biology" title="Quantum biology">Quantum biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Relational_biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Relational biology">Relational biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_biology" title="Reproductive biology">Reproductive biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sociobiology" title="Sociobiology">Sociobiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Structural_biology" title="Structural biology">Structural biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_biology" title="Synthetic biology">Synthetic biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Systematics" title="Systematics">Systematics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Systems_biology" title="Systems biology">Systems biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Taxonomy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Teratology" title="Teratology">Teratology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">Toxicology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Virology" title="Virology">Virology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Virophysics" title="Virophysics">Virophysics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Xenobiology" title="Xenobiology">Xenobiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_biology" title="History of biology">History of biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_biology_and_organic_chemistry" title="Timeline of biology and organic chemistry">Timeline of biology and organic chemistry</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evolutionary_biology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evolution" title="Template:Evolution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evolution" title="Template talk:Evolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evolution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evolutionary_biology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_evolution" title="Introduction to evolution">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_evolution" title="Outline of evolution">Outline</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_evolutionary_history_of_life" title="Timeline of the evolutionary history of life">Timeline of evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_life" title="History of life">History of life</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_evolutionary_biology_articles" title="Index of evolutionary biology articles">Index</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">Adaptation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_radiation" title="Adaptive radiation">Adaptive radiation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Altruism_(biology)" title="Altruism (biology)">Altruism</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_(biology)" title="Cheating (biology)">Cheating</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_altruism" title="Reciprocal altruism">Reciprocal</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_effect" title="Baldwin effect">Baldwin effect</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cladistics" title="Cladistics">Cladistics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Coevolution" title="Coevolution">Coevolution</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)" title="Mutualism (biology)">Mutualism</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Common_descent" title="Common descent">Common descent</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">Convergence</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Divergent_evolution" title="Divergent evolution">Divergence</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent" title="Evidence of common descent">Evidence of evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_arms_race" title="Evolutionary arms race">Evolutionary arms race</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_pressure" title="Evolutionary pressure">Evolutionary pressure</a></li>
+<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exaptation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Event</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">Homology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor" title="Last universal common ancestor">Last universal common ancestor</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Macroevolution" title="Macroevolution">Macroevolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Microevolution" title="Microevolution">Microevolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_mismatch" title="Evolutionary mismatch">Mismatch</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nonadaptive_radiation" title="Nonadaptive radiation">Non-adaptive radiation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Origin of life</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_evolution" title="Parallel evolution">Parallel evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Signalling_theory" title="Signalling theory">Signalling theory</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handicap_principle" title="Handicap principle">Handicap principle</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Speciation" title="Speciation">Speciation</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">Species complex</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_taxonomy" title="Evolutionary taxonomy">Taxonomy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Unit_of_selection" title="Unit of selection">Unit of selection</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene-centered_view_of_evolution" title="Gene-centered view of evolution">Gene-centered view of evolution</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">Population<br />genetics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Artificial selection</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionarily_stable_strategy" title="Evolutionarily stable strategy">Evolutionarily stable strategy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fisher%27s_principle" title="Fisher&#39;s principle">Fisher's principle</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_(biology)" title="Fitness (biology)">Fitness</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_fitness" title="Inclusive fitness">Inclusive</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gene_flow" title="Gene flow">Gene flow</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_drift" title="Genetic drift">Genetic drift</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kin_selection" title="Kin selection">Kin selection</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parental_investment" title="Parental investment">Parental investment</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Parent%E2%80%93offspring_conflict" title="Parent–offspring conflict">Parent–offspring conflict</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">Population</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">Natural selection</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">Sexual selection</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection_in_flowering_plants" title="Sexual selection in flowering plants">Flowering plants</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection_in_fungi" title="Sexual selection in fungi">Fungi</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mate_choice" title="Mate choice">Mate choice</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Social_selection" title="Social selection">Social selection</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Trivers%E2%80%93Willard_hypothesis" title="Trivers–Willard hypothesis">Trivers–Willard hypothesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_variation" title="Genetic variation">Variation</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canalisation_(genetics)" title="Canalisation (genetics)">Canalisation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Evolutionary developmental biology">Evolutionary developmental biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_assimilation" title="Genetic assimilation">Genetic assimilation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Inversion_(evolutionary_biology)" title="Inversion (evolutionary biology)">Inversion</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Modularity_(biology)" title="Modularity (biology)">Modularity</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Phenotypic_plasticity" title="Phenotypic plasticity">Phenotypic plasticity</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_bacteria" title="Evolution of bacteria">Bacteria</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_birds" title="Evolution of birds">Birds</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_birds" title="Origin of birds">origin</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_brachiopods" title="Evolution of brachiopods">Brachiopods</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_molluscs" title="Evolution of molluscs">Molluscs</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_cephalopods" title="Evolution of cephalopods">Cephalopods</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur#Evolutionary_history" title="Dinosaur">Dinosaurs</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_fish" title="Evolution of fish">Fish</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_fungi" title="Evolution of fungi">Fungi</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_insects" title="Evolution of insects">Insects</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_butterflies" title="Evolution of butterflies">butterflies</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_life" title="History of life">Life</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_mammals" title="Evolution of mammals">Mammals</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_gap" title="Cat gap">cats</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Canidae#Evolution" title="Canidae">canids</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_wolf" title="Evolution of the wolf">wolves</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Domestication_of_the_dog" title="Domestication of the dog">dogs</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hyena#Evolution" title="Hyena">hyenas</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_cetaceans" title="Evolution of cetaceans">dolphins and whales</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_horse" title="Evolution of the horse">horses</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_Macropodidae" title="Evolution of Macropodidae">Kangaroos</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_primates" title="Evolution of primates">primates</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">humans</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_lemurs" title="Evolution of lemurs">lemurs</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_sirenians" title="Evolution of sirenians">sea cows</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants" title="Evolutionary history of plants">Plants</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator-mediated_selection" title="Pollinator-mediated selection">pollinator-mediated</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_reptiles" title="Evolution of reptiles">Reptiles</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_spiders" title="Evolution of spiders">Spiders</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_tetrapods" title="Evolution of tetrapods">Tetrapods</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Viral_evolution" title="Viral evolution">Viruses</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_cells" title="Evolution of cells">Cell</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Models_of_DNA_evolution" title="Models of DNA evolution">DNA</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_flagella" title="Evolution of flagella">Flagella</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote#Origin_of_eukaryotes" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryotes</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbiogenesis" title="Symbiogenesis">symbiogenesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome#Eukaryotes" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Endomembrane_system#Evolution" title="Endomembrane system">endomembrane system</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrion#Origin_and_evolution" title="Mitochondrion">mitochondria</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus#Evolution" title="Cell nucleus">nucleus</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Plastid#Origin" title="Plastid">plastids</a></li></ul></li>
+<li>In animals
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_eye" title="Evolution of the eye">eye</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hair#Evolution" title="Hair">hair</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles" title="Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles">auditory ossicle</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_nervous_systems" title="Evolution of nervous systems">nervous system</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_brain" title="Evolution of the brain">brain</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of <a href="/wiki/Biological_process" title="Biological process">processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_ageing" title="Evolution of ageing">Aging</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death#Evolution_of_aging_and_mortality" title="Death">Death</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Programmed_cell_death#Evolutionary_origin_of_mitochondrial_apoptosis" title="Programmed cell death">Programmed cell death</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_avian_flight" title="Origin of avian flight">Avian flight</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_biological_complexity" title="Evolution of biological complexity">Biological complexity</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_(evolution)" title="Cooperation (evolution)">Cooperation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_color_vision" title="Evolution of color vision">Color vision</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_color_vision_in_primates" title="Evolution of color vision in primates">in primates</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_emotion" title="Evolution of emotion">Emotion</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Empathy#Evolution_across_species" title="Empathy">Empathy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_ethics" title="Evolutionary ethics">Ethics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_eusociality" title="Evolution of eusociality">Eusociality</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Immune_system#Evolution_and_other_mechanisms" title="Immune system">Immune system</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Metabolism#Evolution" title="Metabolism">Metabolism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Monogamy_in_animals" title="Monogamy in animals">Monogamy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_morality" title="Evolution of morality">Morality</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_evolution" title="Mosaic evolution">Mosaic evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Multicellular_organism#Evolutionary_history" title="Multicellular organism">Multicellularity</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction" title="Evolution of sexual reproduction">Sexual reproduction</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisogamy#Evolution" title="Anisogamy">Gamete differentiation/sexes</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biological_life_cycle" title="Biological life cycle">Life cycles/nuclear phases</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mating_type" title="Mating type">Mating types</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Origin_and_function_of_meiosis" title="Origin and function of meiosis">Meiosis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sex-determination_system#Evolution" title="Sex-determination system">Sex-determination</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_snake_venom" title="Evolution of snake venom">Snake venom</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tempo_and_Mode_in_Evolution" title="Tempo and Mode in Evolution">Tempo and modes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phyletic_gradualism" title="Phyletic gradualism">Gradualism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Punctuated_equilibrium" title="Punctuated equilibrium">Punctuated equilibrium</a>/<a href="/wiki/Saltation_(biology)" title="Saltation (biology)">Saltationism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Point_mutation" title="Point mutation">Micromutation</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mutationism#Later_mutationist_theories" title="Mutationism">Macromutation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Uniformitarianism" title="Uniformitarianism">Uniformitarianism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speciation" title="Speciation">Speciation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allopatric_speciation" title="Allopatric speciation">Allopatric</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Anagenesis" title="Anagenesis">Anagenesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Catagenesis_(biology)" title="Catagenesis (biology)">Catagenesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cladogenesis" title="Cladogenesis">Cladogenesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cospeciation" title="Cospeciation">Cospeciation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_speciation" title="Ecological speciation">Ecological</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_speciation" title="Hybrid speciation">Hybrid</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nonecological_speciation" title="Nonecological speciation">Non-ecological</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Parapatric_speciation" title="Parapatric speciation">Parapatric</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Peripatric_speciation" title="Peripatric speciation">Peripatric</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Reinforcement_(speciation)" title="Reinforcement (speciation)">Reinforcement</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sympatric_speciation" title="Sympatric speciation">Sympatric</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_evolutionary_thought" title="History of evolutionary thought">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_ideas_of_the_Renaissance_and_Enlightenment" title="Evolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment">Renaissance and Enlightenment</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Transmutation_of_species" title="Transmutation of species">Transmutation of species</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dialogues_Concerning_Natural_Religion" title="Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion">Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion</a></i></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_paleontology" title="History of paleontology">History of paleontology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_fossil" title="Transitional fossil">Transitional fossil</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Blending_inheritance" title="Blending inheritance">Blending inheritance</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance" title="Mendelian inheritance">Mendelian inheritance</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_eclipse_of_Darwinism" title="The eclipse of Darwinism">The eclipse of Darwinism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Darwinism" title="Neo-Darwinism">Neo-Darwinism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)" title="Modern synthesis (20th century)">Modern synthesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_molecular_evolution" title="History of molecular evolution">History of molecular evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Extended_evolutionary_synthesis" title="Extended evolutionary synthesis">Extended evolutionary synthesis</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwinism" title="Darwinism">Darwinism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_Darwinian_evolution" title="Alternatives to Darwinian evolution">Alternatives</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lamarckism" title="Lamarckism">Lamarckism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Orthogenesis" title="Orthogenesis">Orthogenesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mutationism" title="Mutationism">Mutationism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Saltation_(biology)" title="Saltation (biology)">Saltationism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism_(biology)" title="Structuralism (biology)">Structuralism</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spandrel_(biology)" title="Spandrel (biology)">Spandrel</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Theistic_evolution" title="Theistic evolution">Theistic</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Teleology_in_biology" title="Teleology in biology">Teleology in biology</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeography</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_genetics" title="Ecological genetics">Ecological genetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Group_selection" title="Group selection">Group selection</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_evolution" title="Cultural evolution">Cultural evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_group_selection" title="Cultural group selection">Cultural group selection</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dual_inheritance_theory" title="Dual inheritance theory">Dual inheritance theory</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hologenome_theory_of_evolution" title="Hologenome theory of evolution">Hologenome theory of evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Missing_heritability_problem" title="Missing heritability problem">Missing heritability problem</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_evolution" title="Molecular evolution">Molecular evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" title="Phylogenetics">Phylogenetics</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">Tree</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">Polymorphism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Protocell" title="Protocell">Protocell</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Systematics" title="Systematics">Systematics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Transgenerational_epigenetic_inheritance" title="Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance">Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
+<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Evolutionary_biology" title="Category:Evolutionary biology">Category</a></li>
+<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Evolutionary_biology" title="Portal:Evolutionary biology">Portal</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evolutionary_psychology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evolutionary_psychology" title="Template:Evolutionary psychology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evolutionary_psychology" title="Template talk:Evolutionary psychology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evolutionary_psychology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evolutionary psychology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evolutionary_psychology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary psychology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_evolutionary_psychology" title="History of evolutionary psychology">History</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_evolutionary_thought" title="History of evolutionary thought">Evolutionary thought</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Theoretical_foundations_of_evolutionary_psychology" title="Theoretical foundations of evolutionary psychology">Theoretical foundations</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptationism" title="Adaptationism">Adaptationism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_revolution" title="Cognitive revolution">Cognitive revolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cognitivism_(psychology)" title="Cognitivism (psychology)">Cognitivism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gene-centered_view_of_evolution" title="Gene-centered view of evolution">Gene selection theory</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)" title="Modern synthesis (20th century)">Modern synthesis</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_evolutionary_psychology" title="Criticism of evolutionary psychology">Criticism</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Evolutionary<br />processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_adaptation" title="Psychological adaptation">Adaptations</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Altruism_(biology)" title="Altruism (biology)">Altruism</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_(biology)" title="Cheating (biology)">Cheating</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hamiltonian_spite" title="Hamiltonian spite">Hamiltonian spite</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_altruism_in_humans" title="Reciprocal altruism in humans">Reciprocal</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_effect" title="Baldwin effect">Baldwin effect</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Spandrel_(biology)" title="Spandrel (biology)">By-products</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionarily_stable_strategy" title="Evolutionarily stable strategy">Evolutionarily stable strategy</a></li>
+<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Exaptation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_(biology)" title="Fitness (biology)">Fitness</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_fitness_in_humans" title="Inclusive fitness in humans">Inclusive</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kin_selection" title="Kin selection">Kin selection</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_mismatch" title="Evolutionary mismatch">Mismatch</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">Natural selection</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Parental_investment" title="Parental investment">Parental investment</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parent%E2%80%93offspring_conflict" title="Parent–offspring conflict">Parent–offspring conflict</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection_in_humans" title="Sexual selection in humans">Sexual selection</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costly_signaling_theory_in_evolutionary_psychology" title="Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology">Costly signaling</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Male_intrasexual_competition" title="Male intrasexual competition">Male</a>/<a href="/wiki/Female_intrasexual_competition" title="Female intrasexual competition">female intrasexual competition</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mate_choice" title="Mate choice">Mate choice</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">Sexual dimorphism</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Social_selection" title="Social selection">Social selection</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_cognition" title="Evolution of cognition">Cognition</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_emotion" title="Evolution of emotion">Emotion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affect_(psychology)" title="Affect (psychology)">Affect</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affect_display" title="Affect display">Display</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Display_rules" title="Display rules">Display rules</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Facial_expression" title="Facial expression">Facial expression</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_module" title="Cognitive module">Cognitive module</a>/<a href="/wiki/Modularity_of_mind" title="Modularity of mind">modularity of mind</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_and_controlled_processes" title="Automatic and controlled processes">Automatic and controlled processes</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Computational_theory_of_mind" title="Computational theory of mind">Computational theory of mind</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Domain-general_learning" title="Domain-general learning">Domain generality</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Domain_specificity" title="Domain specificity">Domain specificity</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dual_process_theory" title="Dual process theory">Dual process theory</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_tradeoff_hypothesis" title="Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis">Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_brain" title="Evolution of the brain">Evolution of the brain</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_nervous_systems" title="Evolution of nervous systems">Evolution of nervous systems</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fight-or-flight_response" title="Fight-or-flight response">Fight-or-flight response</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachnophobia" title="Arachnophobia">Arachnophobia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_falling" title="Fear of falling">Basophobia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ophidiophobia" title="Ophidiophobia">Ophidiophobia</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Folk_biology" title="Folk biology">Folk biology</a>/<a href="/wiki/Folk_taxonomy" title="Folk taxonomy">taxonomy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Folk_psychology" title="Folk psychology">Folk psychology</a>/<a href="/wiki/Theory_of_mind" title="Theory of mind">theory of mind</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_human_intelligence" title="Evolution of human intelligence">Intelligence</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flynn_effect" title="Flynn effect">Flynn effect</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Wason_selection_task" title="Wason selection task">Wason selection task</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Motor_control" title="Motor control">Motor control</a>/<a href="/wiki/Motor_skill" title="Motor skill">skill</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Human_multitasking" title="Human multitasking">Multitasking</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_sleep" title="Neuroscience of sleep">Sleep</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Visual perception</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_color_vision_in_primates" title="Evolution of color vision in primates">Color vision</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_eye" title="Evolution of the eye">Eye</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_physics" title="Naïve physics">Naïve physics</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_and_culture" title="Evolutionary psychology and culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_aesthetics" title="Evolutionary aesthetics">Aesthetics</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darwinian_literary_studies" title="Darwinian literary studies">Literary criticism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Musicology</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_anthropology" title="Evolutionary anthropology">Anthropology</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_anthropology" title="Biological anthropology">Biological</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biosocial_criminology" title="Biosocial criminology">Crime</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_linguistics" title="Evolutionary linguistics">Language</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_language" title="Evolutionary psychology of language">Psychology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_speech" title="Origin of speech">Speech</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_morality" title="Evolution of morality">Morality</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moral_foundations_theory" title="Moral foundations theory">Moral foundations</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Religion</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary origin of religions">Origin</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_universal" title="Cultural universal">Universals</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_psychology" title="Evolutionary developmental psychology">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_theory" title="Attachment theory">Attachment</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Human_bonding" title="Human bonding">Bonding</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Affectional_bond" title="Affectional bond">Affectional</a>/<a href="/wiki/Maternal_bond" title="Maternal bond">maternal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Paternal_bond" title="Paternal bond">paternal bond</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_deprivation" title="Maternal deprivation">Caregiver deprivation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_in_children" title="Attachment in children">Childhood attachment</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_effect" title="Cinderella effect">Cinderella effect</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_development" title="Cognitive development">Cognitive development</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_educational_psychology" title="Evolutionary educational psychology">Education</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Language_acquisition" title="Language acquisition">Language acquisition</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Personality_development" title="Personality development">Personality development</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">Socialization</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ergonomics" title="Ergonomics">Human factors</a> /<br /><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychiatry" title="Evolutionary psychiatry">Mental health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_ergonomics" title="Cognitive ergonomics">Cognitive ergonomics</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_communication" title="Computer-mediated communication">Computer-mediated communication</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_psychology" title="Engineering psychology">Engineering psychology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">Human–computer interaction</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Media_naturalness_theory" title="Media naturalness theory">Media naturalness theory</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neuroergonomics" title="Neuroergonomics">Neuroergonomics</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_approaches_to_depression" title="Evolutionary approaches to depression">Depression</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Digital media use and mental health</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Accident-proneness" title="Accident-proneness">Hypophobia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Imprinted_brain_hypothesis" title="Imprinted brain hypothesis">Imprinted brain hypothesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mind-blindness" title="Mind-blindness">Mind-blindness</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_effects_of_Internet_use" title="Psychological effects of Internet use">Psychological effects of Internet use</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Rank_theory_of_depression" title="Rank theory of depression">Rank theory of depression</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_schizophrenia" title="Evolution of schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Screen_time" title="Screen time">Screen time</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Smartphones_and_pedestrian_safety" title="Smartphones and pedestrian safety">Smartphones and pedestrian safety</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Social_aspects_of_television" title="Social aspects of television">Social aspects of television</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Societal_impacts_of_cars" title="Societal impacts of cars">Societal impacts of cars</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distracted_driving" title="Distracted driving">Distracted driving</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93crime_hypothesis" title="Lead–crime hypothesis">Lead–crime hypothesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Mobile phones and driving safety</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Activity</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_in_adults" title="Attachment in adults">Adult attachment</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Age_disparity_in_sexual_relationships" title="Age disparity in sexual relationships">Age disparity</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Arousal</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Concealed_ovulation" title="Concealed ovulation">Concealed ovulation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Coolidge_effect" title="Coolidge effect">Coolidge effect</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_desire" title="Sexual desire">Desire</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Fantasy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_hormones_on_sexual_motivation" title="Effects of hormones on sexual motivation">Hormonal motivation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_jealousy" title="Sexual jealousy">Jealousy</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mate_guarding_in_humans" title="Mate guarding in humans">Mate guarding</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mating_preferences" title="Mating preferences">Mating preferences</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Human_mating_strategies" title="Human mating strategies">Mating strategies</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biology_and_sexual_orientation" title="Biology and sexual orientation">Orientation</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ovulatory_shift_hypothesis" title="Ovulatory shift hypothesis">Ovulatory shift hypothesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pair_bond" title="Pair bond">Pair bond</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">Physical</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">Sexuality</a>/<a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">male</a>/<a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">female</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexy_son_hypothesis" title="Sexy son hypothesis">Sexy son hypothesis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Westermarck_effect" title="Westermarck effect">Westermarck effect</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_psychology" title="Sex differences in psychology">Sex differences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggression" title="Aggression">Aggression</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_gender_differences_in_autism" title="Sex and gender differences in autism">Autism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_cognition" title="Sex differences in cognition">Cognition</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_crime" title="Sex differences in crime">Crime</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_division_of_labour" title="Sexual division of labour">Division of labour</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_emotional_intelligence" title="Sex differences in emotional intelligence">Emotional intelligence</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Empathising%E2%80%93systemising_theory" title="Empathising–systemising theory">Empathising–systemising theory</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender role</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_intelligence" title="Sex differences in intelligence">Intelligence</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_memory" title="Sex differences in memory">Memory</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mental_disorders_and_gender" title="Mental disorders and gender">Mental health</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_narcissism" title="Sex differences in narcissism">Narcissism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_sex_differences" title="Neuroscience of sex differences">Neuroscience</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_schizophrenia" title="Sex differences in schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">Substance abuse</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gender_differences_in_suicide" title="Gender differences in suicide">Suicide</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Variability_hypothesis" title="Variability hypothesis">Variability hypothesis</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_economics" title="Behavioral economics">Behavioral</a>/<a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_economics" title="Evolutionary economics">evolutionary economics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_epigenetics" title="Behavioral epigenetics">Behavioral epigenetics</a>/<a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">genetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Affective_neuroscience" title="Affective neuroscience">Affective</a>/<a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience" title="Behavioral neuroscience">behavioral</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cognitive_neuroscience" title="Cognitive neuroscience">cognitive</a>/<a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_neuroscience" title="Evolutionary neuroscience">evolutionary neuroscience</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biocultural_anthropology" title="Biocultural anthropology">Biocultural anthropology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Biological_psychiatry" title="Biological psychiatry">Biological psychiatry</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_psychology" title="Cognitive psychology">Cognitive psychology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">Cognitive science</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cross-cultural_psychology" title="Cross-cultural psychology">Cross-cultural psychology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Functional_psychology" title="Functional psychology">Functional psychology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychology" title="Neuropsychology">Neuropsychology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">Population genetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Primatology" title="Primatology">Primatology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sociobiology" title="Sociobiology">Sociobiology</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_evolution" title="Cultural evolution">Cultural evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_epistemology" title="Evolutionary epistemology">Evolutionary epistemology</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_language" title="Great ape language">Great ape language</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93animal_communication" title="Human–animal communication">Human–animal communication</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Missing_heritability_problem" title="Missing heritability problem">Missing heritability problem</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Primate_cognition" title="Primate cognition">Primate cognition</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Unit_of_selection" title="Unit of selection">Unit of selection</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coevolution" title="Coevolution">Coevolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_group_selection" title="Cultural group selection">Cultural group selection</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dual_inheritance_theory" title="Dual inheritance theory">Dual inheritance theory</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fisher%27s_principle" title="Fisher&#39;s principle">Fisher's principle</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Group_selection" title="Group selection">Group selection</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hologenome_theory_of_evolution" title="Hologenome theory of evolution">Hologenome theory</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lamarckism" title="Lamarckism">Lamarckism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">Population</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Punctuated_equilibrium" title="Punctuated equilibrium">Punctuated equilibrium</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Recent_human_evolution" title="Recent human evolution">Recent human evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">Species complex</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Transgenerational_epigenetic_inheritance" title="Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance">Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Trivers%E2%80%93Willard_hypothesis" title="Trivers–Willard hypothesis">Trivers–Willard hypothesis</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theoretical positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_selection_theory" title="Cultural selection theory">Cultural selection theory</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a>/<a href="/wiki/Indeterminism" title="Indeterminism">indeterminism</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">Biological determinism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Connectionism" title="Connectionism">Connectionism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_determinism" title="Cultural determinism">Cultural determinism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_determinism" title="Environmental determinism">Environmental determinism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture" title="Nature versus nurture">Nature versus nurture</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_nativism" title="Psychological nativism">Psychological nativism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructionism" title="Social constructionism">Social constructionism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinism" title="Social determinism">Social determinism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Standard_social_science_model" title="Standard social science model">Standard social science model</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Functionalism (philosophy of mind)">Functionalism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Memetics" title="Memetics">Memetics</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Multilineal_evolution" title="Multilineal evolution">Multilineal evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Darwinism" title="Neo-Darwinism">Neo-Darwinism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neoevolutionism" title="Neoevolutionism">Neoevolutionism</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sociocultural_evolution" title="Sociocultural evolution">Sociocultural evolution</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Unilineal_evolution" title="Unilineal evolution">Unilineal evolution</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
+<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_evolutionary_psychologists" title="List of evolutionary psychologists">Evolutionary psychologists</a></b></li>
+<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>&#160;<b><a href="/wiki/Category:Evolutionary_psychology" title="Category:Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary psychology</a></b></li>
+<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span>&#160;<b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Psychology portal</a></b></li>
+<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span>&#160;<b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Evolutionary_biology" title="Portal:Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology portal</a></b></li></ul>
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+					<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Small-toothed palm civet</span></h1>
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+				
+				<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="ارکتوقالیدیا تریویرقاتا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ارکتوقالیدیا تریویرقاتا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%B0" title="তিনডোরা নোঙর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিনডোরা নোঙর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Дребнозъба цивета – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дребнозъба цивета" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivet-palmez_teir_roudenn" title="Sivet-palmez teir roudenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sivet-palmez teir roudenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civeta_de_palmera_de_dents_petites" title="Civeta de palmera de dents petites – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Civeta de palmera de dents petites" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctogalidia_trivirgata" title="Arctogalidia trivirgata – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Arctogalidia trivirgata" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovije%C4%8D_pruhovan%C3%BD" title="Oviječ pruhovaný – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oviječ pruhovaný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streifenroller" title="Streifenroller – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Streifenroller" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9yah_Dah_Ndaa%CA%BCee%C5%82%C3%AD_%C5%81%C3%A1n%C3%ADd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_dl%C7%AB%CC%81%CA%BCiitsoh" title="Kéyah Dah Ndaaʼeełí Łánídę́ę́ʼ dlǫ́ʼiitsoh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kéyah Dah Ndaaʼeełí Łánídę́ę́ʼ dlǫ́ʼiitsoh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctogalidia_trivirgata" title="Arctogalidia trivirgata – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arctogalidia trivirgata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctogalidia_trivirgata" title="Arctogalidia trivirgata – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arctogalidia trivirgata" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9" title="زباد نخلی دندان‌کوچک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زباد نخلی دندان‌کوچک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctogalidia_trivirgata" title="Arctogalidia trivirgata – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arctogalidia trivirgata" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%A4%84%EB%AC%B4%EB%8A%AC%EC%82%AC%ED%96%A5%EA%B3%A0%EC%96%91%EC%9D%B4" title="세줄무늬사향고양이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세줄무늬사향고양이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="छोटा-दाँत ताड़ कस्तूरी बिलाव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="छोटा-दाँत ताड़ कस्तूरी बिलाव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musang_akar" title="Musang akar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Musang akar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctogalidia_trivirgata" title="Arctogalidia trivirgata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arctogalidia trivirgata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%91%D7%93_%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="זבד דקל קטן-שיניים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זבד דקל קטן-שיניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smankol_(Arctogalidia_trivirgata)" title="Smankol (Arctogalidia trivirgata) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Smankol (Arctogalidia trivirgata)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisfog%C3%BA_p%C3%A1lmasodr%C3%B3" title="Kisfogú pálmasodró – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kisfogú pálmasodró" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B5%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%86" title="زباد صغير مسنن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زباد صغير مسنن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musang_akar" title="Musang akar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Musang akar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B6%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B0" title="ကြောင်ဝံနားရွက်ဖြူ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြောင်ဝံနားရွက်ဖြူ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driestrepige_palmroller" title="Driestrepige palmroller – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Driestrepige palmroller" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81askunek_tr%C3%B3jpr%C4%99gi" title="Łaskunek trójpręgi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łaskunek trójpręgi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%91%D1%85%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Трёхполосая цивета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Трёхполосая цивета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civeti_i_palmave_dh%C3%ABmbvog%C3%ABl" title="Civeti i palmave dhëmbvogël – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Civeti i palmave dhëmbvogël" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A5tandad_palmm%C3%A5rd" title="Småtandad palmmård – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Småtandad palmmård" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="சின்னப்பல் மரநாய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சின்னப்பல் மரநாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="อีเห็นหน้าขาว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อีเห็นหน้าขาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctogalidia_trivirgata" title="Arctogalidia trivirgata – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arctogalidia trivirgata" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctogalidia_trivirgata" title="Arctogalidia trivirgata – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Arctogalidia trivirgata" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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+					<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of carnivore</div>
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+<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Small-toothed palm civet
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Small-toothed_Palm_Civet_(Arctogalidia_trivirgata_stigmatica)_(8076736823)_(cut).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Small-toothed_Palm_Civet_%28Arctogalidia_trivirgata_stigmatica%29_%288076736823%29_%28cut%29.jpg/220px-Small-toothed_Palm_Civet_%28Arctogalidia_trivirgata_stigmatica%29_%288076736823%29_%28cut%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Small-toothed_Palm_Civet_%28Arctogalidia_trivirgata_stigmatica%29_%288076736823%29_%28cut%29.jpg/330px-Small-toothed_Palm_Civet_%28Arctogalidia_trivirgata_stigmatica%29_%288076736823%29_%28cut%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Small-toothed_Palm_Civet_%28Arctogalidia_trivirgata_stigmatica%29_%288076736823%29_%28cut%29.jpg/440px-Small-toothed_Palm_Civet_%28Arctogalidia_trivirgata_stigmatica%29_%288076736823%29_%28cut%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2522" data-file-height="1675" /></a></span>
+</td></tr>
+
+
+<tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">
+<th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div>
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></small></div>
+</td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Arctogalidia" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span>
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Domain:
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Kingdom:
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Phylum:
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Class:
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Order:
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Suborder:
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Family:
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Subfamily:
+</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Genus:
+</td>
+<td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Arctogalidia</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hart_Merriam" title="Clinton Hart Merriam">Merriam</a>, 1897</small>
+</td></tr>
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+
+
+<tr>
+<td>Species:
+</td>
+<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A.&#160;trivirgata<sup id="cite_ref-msw3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msw3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></b></i></div>
+</td></tr>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Arctogalidia trivirgata<sup id="cite_ref-msw3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msw3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">Gray</a>, 1832)</div>
+</td></tr>
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
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+
+
+<tr>
+<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" style="text-align: left">
+<ul><li><i>A. t. trivirgata</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. bancana</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. fusca</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. inornata</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. leucotis</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. macra</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. major</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. millsi</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. minor</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. simplex</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. stigmaticus</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. sumatrana</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. tingia</i></li>
+<li><i>A. t. trilineata</i></li></ul>
+</td></tr>
+
+
+
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Small-toothed_Palm_Cive_area.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Small-toothed_Palm_Cive_area.png/220px-Small-toothed_Palm_Cive_area.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Small-toothed_Palm_Cive_area.png 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="303" /></a></span>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Small-toothed palm civet range
+</td></tr>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style>
+<p>The <b>small-toothed palm civet</b> (<i><b>Arctogalidia trivirgata</b></i>), also known as the <b>three-striped palm civet</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">viverrid</a> native to dense forests of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, from the Assam district of India to Indochina and the Malay Peninsula and on Sumatra, <a href="/wiki/Bangka_Island" title="Bangka Island">Bangka</a>, Java, Borneo, and numerous small nearby islands of Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Scientific_description" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific description">scientific description</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">John Edward Gray</a> in 1832 was based on a <a href="/wiki/Zoological_specimen" title="Zoological specimen">zoological specimen</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a> in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum_van_Natuurlijke_Historie" title="Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie">Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie</a> in Leiden, Netherlands. It is blackish grey, has black paws and three black longitudinal stripes on the back.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray1832_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray1832-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Monotypic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotypic">monotypic</a> genus, <i><b>Arctogalidia</b></i> means ‘bear-weasel’ (from ancient Greek <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%84%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἄρκτος">arkto-</a></i> ‘bear’ + <i><a href="/wiki/Galidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Galidia">galidia</a></i> ‘little weasel’). The <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific epithet</a> <i>trivirgata</i> means ‘three-striped’ in Latin.
+</p><p>The small-toothed palm civet is mid-sized by the standards of its family, weighing 2.4&#160;kg (5.3&#160;lb) and measuring 53&#160;cm (21&#160;in) long along the body, plus a tail of 58&#160;cm (23&#160;in). It has short fur that is generally a tawny or buff color while the head is a darker greyish tawny. Its muzzle is brown with a white streak that extends from the nose to the forehead. Only the females have the perineal scent gland, located near the vulva.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>The diet is varied and omnivorous, and usually consists of <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, small <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, nesting <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizards</a>. Matching the habits of other palm civets, this species is solitary, arboreal and nocturnal. Its gestation period is 45 days, and the average litter size is 3, which are born in dens made in the trees. Young open their eyes at 11 days and are weaned at two months. It can have two litters a year and there is no set mating season. It can live for 11 years. It is threatened primarily by <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, as are many Southeast Asian forest animals.
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Small-toothed_palm_civet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style>
+<div class="side-box-flex">
+<div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div>
+<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arctogalidia_trivirgata" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Arctogalidia trivirgata">Arctogalidia trivirgata</a></b></i>.</div></div>
+</div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
+<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
+<li id="cite_note-msw3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-msw3_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWozencraft2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._Chris_Wozencraft" title="W. Chris Wozencraft">Wozencraft, W. C.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000281">"Species <i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson" title="Don E. Wilson">Wilson, D. E.</a>; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&amp;pg=PA549–550"><i>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</i></a> (3rd&#160;ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.&#160;549–550. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Species+Arctogalidia+trivirgata&amp;rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&amp;rft.pages=549-550&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&amp;rft.aulast=Wozencraft&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+C.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fbiology%2Fresources%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14000281&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall-toothed+palm+civet" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillcox,_D.H.A.Duckworth,_J.W.Timmins,_R.J.Chutipong,_W.2016" class="citation journal cs1">Willcox, D.H.A.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41691/45217378">"<i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2016</b>: e.T41691A45217378. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41691A45217378.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41691A45217378.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&amp;rft.atitle=Arctogalidia+trivirgata&amp;rft.volume=2016&amp;rft.pages=e.T41691A45217378&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41691A45217378.en&amp;rft.au=Willcox%2C+D.H.A.&amp;rft.au=Duckworth%2C+J.W.&amp;rft.au=Timmins%2C+R.J.&amp;rft.au=Chutipong%2C+W.&amp;rft.au=Choudhury%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Roberton%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Long%2C+B.&amp;rft.au=Hearn%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Ross%2C+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F41691%2F45217378&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall-toothed+palm+civet" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-Gray1832-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gray1832_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray,_J.E.1832" class="citation journal cs1">Gray, J.E. (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lietuvostsrmoksl30liet/page/68/mode/1up">"On the Family of Viverridae and its generic subdivisions; with an enumeration of the Species of <i>Paradoxurus</i>, and Characters of several new ones"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London</i> (Part 2): 63–68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Committee+of+Science+and+Correspondence+of+the+Zoological+Society+of+London&amp;rft.atitle=On+the+Family+of+Viverridae+and+its+generic+subdivisions%3B+with+an+enumeration+of+the+Species+of+Paradoxurus%2C+and+Characters+of+several+new+ones&amp;rft.issue=Part+2&amp;rft.pages=63-68&amp;rft.date=1832&amp;rft.au=Gray%2C+J.E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flietuvostsrmoksl30liet%2Fpage%2F68%2Fmode%2F1up&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall-toothed+palm+civet" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merdeka.com/travel/musang-akar-satwa-nokturnal-penghuni-lebatnya-hutan-khas-kalimantan.html">"Musang Akar, Satwa Nokturnal Penghuni Lebatnya Hutan Khas Kalimantan"</a>. <i>merdeka</i>. 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=merdeka&amp;rft.atitle=Musang+Akar%2C+Satwa+Nokturnal+Penghuni+Lebatnya+Hutan+Khas+Kalimantan&amp;rft.date=2021-04-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merdeka.com%2Ftravel%2Fmusang-akar-satwa-nokturnal-penghuni-lebatnya-hutan-khas-kalimantan.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmall-toothed+palm+civet" class="Z3988"></span></span>
+</li>
+</ol></div></div>
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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carnivora" title="Template:Carnivora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carnivora" title="Template talk:Carnivora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carnivora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_Carnivora_species" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
+<ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li>
+<li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li>
+<li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li>
+<li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li>
+<li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feliformia_(&amp;quot;cat-like&amp;quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("cat-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feliformia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">African palm civet (<i>Nandinia binotata</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prionodon_(Asiatic_linsangs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodon</a></i> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Asiatic linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_linsang" title="Banded linsang">Banded linsang (<i>P. linsang</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang" title="Spotted linsang">Spotted linsang (<i>P. pardicolor</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Felidae_(cats)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(cats)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantherinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard" title="Sunda clouded leopard">Sunda clouded leopard (<i>N. diardi</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard (<i>N. nebulosa</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Snow leopard (<i>P. uncia</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (<i>P. tigris</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (<i>P. onca</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (<i>P. leo</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (<i>P. pardus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Bay cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">Marbled cat (<i>P. marmorata</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_cat" title="Bay cat">Bay cat (<i>C. badia</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat" title="Asian golden cat">Asian golden cat (<i>C. temminckii</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Caracal<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (<i>Leptailurus serval</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">African golden cat (<i>C. aurata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (<i>C. caracal</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_cat" title="Pampas cat">Pampas cat (<i>L. colocola</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat" title="Geoffroy&#39;s cat">Geoffroy's cat (<i>L. geoffroyi</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (<i>L. guigna</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus" title="Leopardus guttulus">Southern tiger cat (<i>L. guttulus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat" title="Andean mountain cat">Andean mountain cat (<i>L. jacobita</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (<i>L. pardalis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (<i>L. tigrinus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (<i>L. wiedii</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx (<i>L. lynx</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx (<i>L. pardinus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (<i>L. rufus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Puma<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Acinonyx" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (<i>A. jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (<i>Herpailurus yagouaroundi</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (<i>P. concolor</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Leopard cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat" title="Pallas&#39;s cat">Pallas's cat (<i>Otocolobus manul</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">Leopard cat (<i>P. bengalensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat" title="Sunda leopard cat">Sunda leopard cat  (<i>P. javanensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat" title="Flat-headed cat">Flat-headed cat (<i>P. planiceps</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat" title="Rusty-spotted cat">Rusty-spotted cat (<i>P. rubiginosus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat (<i>P. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat (<i>F. bieti</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat (<i>F. catus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat (<i>F. chaus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat (<i>F. lybica</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat (<i>F. margarita</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat (<i>F. nigripes</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat (<i>F. silvestris</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Viverroidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston&#39;s palm civet">Owston's palm civet (<i>Chrotogale owstoni</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Otter civet (<i>Cynogale bennettii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose&#39;s palm civet">Hose's palm civet (<i>Diplogale hosei</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Banded palm civet (<i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (<i>Arctictis binturong</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Small-toothed palm civet (<i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Sulawesi palm civet (<i>Macrogalidia musschenbroekii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Masked palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet (<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet" title="Brown palm civet">Brown palm civet (<i>P. jerdoni</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" title="Golden palm civet">Golden palm civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><br /><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a> <br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Small Indian civet (<i>Viverricula indica</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet (<i>Civettictis civetta</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet" title="Malabar large-spotted civet">Malabar large-spotted civet (<i>V. civettina</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet" title="Large-spotted civet">Large-spotted civet (<i>V. megaspila</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet" title="Large Indian civet">Large Indian civet (<i>V. zibetha</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(African linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan" title="Central African oyan">Central African oyan (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/West_African_oyan" title="West African oyan">West African oyan (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(genets)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet" title="Abyssinian genet">Abyssinian genet (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_genet" title="Angolan genet">Angolan genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" title="Bourlon&#39;s genet">Bourlon's genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" title="Crested servaline genet">Crested servaline genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Common_genet" title="Common genet">Common genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" title="Johnston&#39;s genet">Johnston's genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Letaba_genet" title="Letaba genet">Letaba genet (<i>G. letabae</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" title="Rusty-spotted genet">Rusty-spotted genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pardine_genet" title="Pardine genet">Pardine genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet" title="Aquatic genet">Aquatic genet (<i>G. piscivora</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/King_genet" title="King genet">King genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Servaline_genet" title="Servaline genet">Servaline genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_genet" title="Hausa genet">Hausa genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cape_genet" title="Cape genet">Cape genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" title="Giant forest genet">Giant forest genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet" title="South African small-spotted genet">South African small-spotted genet (<i>G. felina</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (<i>P. cristata</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bone-crushing hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">Striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena (<i>Parahyaena brunnea</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena (<i>C. crocuta</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (<i>Cryptoprocta ferox</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Malagasy civet (<i>Fossa fossana</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc" title="Eastern falanouc">Eastern falanouc (<i>E. goudotii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Western_falanouc" title="Western falanouc">Western falanouc (<i>E. major</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira" title="Ring-tailed vontsira">Ring-tailed vontsira (<i>Galidia elegans</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" title="Grandidier&#39;s mongoose">Grandidier's mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Narrow-striped mongoose (<i>Mungotictis decemlineata</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose" title="Brown-tailed mongoose">Brown-tailed mongoose (<i>S. concolor</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira" title="Durrell&#39;s vontsira">Durrell's vontsira (<i>S. durrelli</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><br /><i>sensu stricto</i></span><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(mongooses)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suricata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Meerkat (<i>S. suricatta</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose (<i>Liberiictus kuhni</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" title="Gambian mongoose">Gambian mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose (<i>M. mungo</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues&#39;s mongoose">Pousargues's mongoose (<i>Dologale dybowskii</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose (<i>H. parvula</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander&#39;s kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" title="Angolan kusimanse">Angolan kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" title="Flat-headed kusimanse">Flat-headed kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Marsh mongoose (<i>Atilax paludinosus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">Long-nosed mongoose (<i>Xenogale naso</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose" title="Small Indian mongoose">Small Indian mongoose (<i>U. auropunctata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose" title="Short-tailed mongoose">Short-tailed mongoose (<i>U. brachyura</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose" title="Indian grey mongoose">Indian grey mongoose (<i>U. edwardsii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose" title="Indian brown mongoose">Indian brown mongoose (<i>U. fusca</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose" title="Javan mongoose">Javan mongoose (<i>U. javanica</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose" title="Collared mongoose">Collared mongoose (<i>U. semitorquata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose" title="Ruddy mongoose">Ruddy mongoose (<i>U. smithii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose" title="Crab-eating mongoose">Crab-eating mongoose (<i>U. urva</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose" title="Stripe-necked mongoose">Stripe-necked mongoose (<i>U. vitticolla</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">White-tailed mongoose (<i>Ichneumia albicauda</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Yellow mongoose (<i>Cynictis penicillata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose" title="Selous&#39;s mongoose">Selous's mongoose (<i>Paracynictis selousi</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller&#39;s mongoose">Meller's mongoose (<i>Rhynchogale melleri</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose">Bushy-tailed mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" title="Jackson&#39;s mongoose">Jackson's mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" title="Black-footed mongoose">Black-footed mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" title="Angolan slender mongoose">Angolan slender mongoose (<i>H. flavescens</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose (<i>H. ichneumon</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" title="Somalian slender mongoose">Somalian slender mongoose (<i>H. ochracea</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" title="Cape gray mongoose">Cape gray mongoose (<i>H. pulverulenta</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose" title="Common slender mongoose">Common slender mongoose (<i>H. sanguinea</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Caniformia_(&amp;quot;dog-like&amp;quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("dog-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Canidae_(dogs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(dogs)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox (<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Island_fox" title="Island fox">Island fox (<i>U. littoralis</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vulpini" title="Vulpini">Vulpini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Bat-eared fox (<i>Otocyon megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog" title="Common raccoon dog">Common raccoon dog (<i>N. procyonoides</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog" title="Japanese raccoon dog">Japanese raccoon dog (<i>N. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i><br /><small><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fox" title="Bengal fox">Bengal fox (<i>V. bengalensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox" title="Blanford&#39;s fox">Blanford's fox (<i>V. cana</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Corsac_fox" title="Corsac fox">Corsac fox (<i>V. corsac</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox" title="Tibetan fox">Tibetan fox (<i>V. ferrilata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kit_fox" title="Kit fox">Kit fox (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pale_fox" title="Pale fox">Pale fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" title="Rüppell&#39;s fox">Rüppell's fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">Swift fox (<i>V. velox</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox (<i>V. vulpes</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">Fennec fox (<i>V. zerda</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)" title="Canini (tribe)">Canini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(true dogs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina" title="Cerdocyonina">Cerdocyonina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(zorro)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Maned wolf (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">Bush dog (<i>S. venaticus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Short-eared dog (<i>Atelocynus microtis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_American_fox" title="South American fox">Lycalopex</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (<i>L. culpaeus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" title="Darwin&#39;s fox">Darwin's fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">South American gray fox (<i>L. griseus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_fox" title="Pampas fox">Pampas fox (<i>L. gymnocercus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox" title="Sechuran fox">Sechuran fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hoary_fox" title="Hoary fox">Hoary fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)" title="Canina (subtribe)">Canina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(wolf-like canids)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lupulella" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lupulella" title="Lupulella">Lupulella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal (<i>L. adustus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal (<i>L. mesomelas</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole (<i>Cuon alpinus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal (<i>C. aureus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Domestic dog (<i>C. familiaris</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf (<i>C. lupaster</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf (<i>C. lupus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf" title="Eastern wolf">Eastern wolf (<i>C. lycaon</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf (<i>C. rufus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf (<i>C. simensis</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bears)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">Giant panda (<i>A. melanoleuca</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tremarctos" title="Tremarctos">Tremarctos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Spectacled bear (<i>T. ornatus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><a href="/wiki/Ursinae" title="Ursinae">Ursinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear (<i>Melursus ursinus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Sun bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)" title="Ursus (mammal)">Ursus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear (<i>U. americanus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear (<i>U. thibetanus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">Brown bear (<i>U. arctos</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (<i>U. maritimus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Mustelida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia</a> <small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pinnipedia_(seals)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Odobenidae" title="Odobenidae">Odobenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(eared seals:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Callorhinus" title="Callorhinus">Callorhinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Northern fur seal (<i>C. ursinus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otariinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Otariinae">Otariinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lion (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion (<i>Z. californianus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" title="Galápagos sea lion">Galápagos sea lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">South American sea lion (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neophoca" title="Neophoca">Neophoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lion (<i>N. cinerea</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lion (<i>Phocarctos hookeri</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal" title="South American fur seal">South American fur seal (<i>A. australis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">Australasian fur seal (<i>A. forsteri</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal" title="Galápagos fur seal">Galápagos fur seal (<i>A. galapagoensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal (<i>A. gazella</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal" title="Juan Fernández fur seal">Juan Fernández fur seal (<i>A. philippii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Brown fur seal (<i>A. pusillus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal (<i>A. townsendi</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">Subantarctic fur seal (<i>A. tropicalis</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(earless seals<br />or true seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Phocinae" title="Phocinae">Phocinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("northern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Bearded seal (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Hooded seal (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phocini" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocini">Phocini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Harp seal (<i>Pagophilus groenlandicus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Ribbon seal (<i>Histriophoca fasciata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Grey seal (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_seal" title="Spotted seal">Spotted seal (<i>P. largha</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seal (<i>P. vitulina</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_seal" title="Caspian seal">Caspian seal (<i>P. caspica</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">Ringed seal (<i>P. hispida</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_seal" title="Baikal seal">Baikal seal (<i>P. sibirica</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monachinae" title="Monachinae">Monachinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("southern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monachini(monk_seals)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monk_seal" title="Monk seal">Monachini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(monk seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal (<i>Monachus monachus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neomonachus" title="Neomonachus">Neomonachus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal" title="Hawaiian monk seal">Hawaiian monk seal (<i>N. schauinslandi</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(elephant seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal" title="Northern elephant seal">Northern elephant seal (<i>M. angustirostris</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">Southern elephant seal (<i>M. leonina</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lobodontini" title="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Antarctic seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal (<i>Hydrurga leptonyx</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal (<i>Leptonychotes weddellii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Crabeater seal (<i>Lobodon carcinophagus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal (<i>Ommatophoca rossi</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Musteloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(hog-nosed skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Molina&#39;s hog-nosed skunk">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Humboldt&#39;s hog-nosed skunk">Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. humboldtii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" title="American hog-nosed skunk">American hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk">Striped hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk" title="Hooded skunk">Hooded skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk (<i>M. mephitis</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Stink_badger" title="Stink badger">Mydaus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(stink badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" title="Sunda stink badger">Sunda stink badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" title="Palawan stink badger">Palawan stink badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(spotted skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk" title="Southern spotted skunk">Southern spotted skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" title="Eastern spotted skunk">Eastern spotted skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" title="Pygmy spotted skunk">Pygmy spotted skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (<i>Potos flavus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail" title="Ringtail">Ringtail (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (<i>B. sumichrasti</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(raccoons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon" title="Crab-eating raccoon">Crab-eating raccoon (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (<i>P. lotor</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon" title="Cozumel raccoon">Cozumel raccoon (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(olingos)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" title="Eastern lowland olingo">Eastern lowland olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_olingo" title="Northern olingo">Northern olingo (<i>B. gabbii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" title="Western lowland olingo">Western lowland olingo (<i>B. medius</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Olinguito" title="Olinguito">Olinguito (<i>B. neblina</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Nasuina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(coatis)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_coati" title="South American coati">South American coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati" title="White-nosed coati">White-nosed coati (<i>N. narica</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" title="Nasuella meridensis">Eastern mountain coati (<i>N. meridensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea" title="Nasuella olivacea">Western mountain coati (<i>N. olivacea</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mustelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mustelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger (<i>Taxidea taxus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mellivora" title="Mellivora">Mellivora</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Honey badger (<i>M. capensis</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Melinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Eurasian badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Arctonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger" title="Northern hog badger">Northern hog badger (<i>A. albogularis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger" title="Greater hog badger">Greater hog badger (<i>A. collaris</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger" title="Sumatran hog badger">Sumatran hog badger (<i>A. hoevenii</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_badger" title="Japanese badger">Japanese badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger" title="Caucasian badger">Caucasian badger (<i>M. canescens</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Asian_badger" title="Asian badger">Asian badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger (<i>M. meles</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(ferret-badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger" title="Vietnam ferret-badger">Vietnam ferret-badger (<i>M. cucphuongensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger" title="Bornean ferret badger">Bornean ferret badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger" title="Chinese ferret-badger">Chinese ferret-badger (<i>M. moschata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" title="Javan ferret-badger">Javan ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger" title="Burmese ferret-badger">Burmese ferret-badger (<i>M. personata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger" title="Formosan ferret-badger">Formosan ferret-badger (<i>M. subaurantiaca</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Guloninae" title="Guloninae">Guloninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (<i>Eira barbara</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pekania" title="Pekania">Pekania</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (<i>P. pennanti</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo">Gulo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (<i>G. gulo</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(martens)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_marten" title="Pacific marten">Pacific marten (<i>M. caurina</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten" title="Yellow-throated marten">Yellow-throated marten (<i>M. flavigula</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten (<i>M. foina</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten (<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten (<i>M. martes</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_marten" title="Japanese marten">Japanese marten (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (<i>M. zibellina</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ictonychinae" title="Ictonychinae">Ictonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)">Lyncodontini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel (<i>Lyncodon patagonicus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(grisons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_grison" title="Lesser grison">Lesser grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Greater_grison" title="Greater grison">Greater grison (<i>G. vittata</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)">Ictonychini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(African polecats)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vormela" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Vormela</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Marbled polecat (<i>V. peregusna</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">African striped weasel (<i>Poecilogale albinucha</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" title="Saharan striped polecat">Saharan striped polecat (<i>I. libycus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Striped_polecat" title="Striped polecat">Striped polecat (<i>I. striatus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(otters)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Giant otter (<i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Marine_otter" title="Marine otter">Marine otter (<i>L. felina</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter" title="Neotropical otter">Neotropical otter (<i>L. longicaudis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter" title="Southern river otter">Southern river otter (<i>L. provocax</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydra" title="Enhydra">Enhydra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (<i>E. lutris</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Spotted-necked otter (<i>Hydrictis maculicollis</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter (<i>L. lutra</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter" title="Hairy-nosed otter">Hairy-nosed otter (<i>L. sumatrana</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter (<i>L. perspicillata</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter" title="African clawless otter">African clawless otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter" title="Asian small-clawed otter">Asian small-clawed otter (<i>A. cinereus</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter" title="Congo clawless otter">Congo clawless otter (<i>A. congicus</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel" title="Amazon weasel">Amazon weasel (<i>N. africana</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel (<i>N. felipei</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel (<i>N. frenata</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink (<i>N. vison</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(weasels)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis" title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis">Sichuan weasel (<i>M. aistoodonnivalis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel (<i>M. altaica</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat/Beringian ermine (<i>M. erminea</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat (<i>M. eversmannii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferret (<i>M. furo</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Haida_ermine" title="Haida ermine">Haida ermine (<i>M. haidarum</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel (<i>M. kathiah</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink (<i>M. lutreola</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret (<i>M. nigripes</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel (<i>M. nivalis</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">European polecat (<i>M. putorius</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine (<i>M. richardsonii</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel (<i>M. sibirica</i>)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel (<i>M. strigidorsa</i>)</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genera_of_civets,_mongooses,_hyenas,_cats,_and_their_extinct_allies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Feliformia" title="Template:Feliformia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Feliformia" title="Template talk:Feliformia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feliformia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feliformia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genera_of_civets,_mongooses,_hyenas,_cats,_and_their_extinct_allies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genera of <a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">civets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">mongooses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">hyenas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">cats</a>, and their extinct allies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
+<ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li>
+<li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li>
+<li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li>
+<li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feliformia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Palaeogalidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeogalidae">Palaeogalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeogale" title="Palaeogale">Palaeogale</a></i>?</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Nimravidae" title="Nimravidae">Nimravidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Nimravidae" title="Template:Nimravidae">Nimravidae</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeluroidea" title="Aeluroidea">Aeluroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Alagtsavbaatar" title="Alagtsavbaatar">Alagtsavbaatar</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Anictis" title="Anictis">Anictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Asiavorator" title="Asiavorator">Asiavorator</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandgolictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandgolictis (page does not exist)">Shandgolictis</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nandiniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandiniidae">Nandiniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nandinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandinia">Nandinia</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Africanictis" title="Africanictis">Africanictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunictis (page does not exist)">Dunictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forsythictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Forsythictis (page does not exist)">Forsythictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufengictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lufengictis (page does not exist)">Lufengictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketketictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketketictis (page does not exist)">Ketketictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mioprionodon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mioprionodon (page does not exist)">Mioprionodon</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Moghradictis" title="Moghradictis">Moghradictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progenetta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Progenetta (page does not exist)">Progenetta</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetta">Genetta</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrotogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrotogale">Chrotogale</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Cynogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynogale">Cynogale</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Diplogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplogale">Diplogale</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hemigalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemigalus">Hemigalus</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrogalidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrogalidia">Macrogalidia</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arctictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctictis">Arctictis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Arctogalidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctogalidia">Arctogalidia</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kanuites" title="Kanuites">Kanuites</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kichechia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kichechia (page does not exist)">Kichechia</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Paguma" class="mw-redirect" title="Paguma">Paguma</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Siamictis (page does not exist)">Siamictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tugenictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tugenictis (page does not exist)">Tugenictis</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Civettictis" title="Civettictis">Civettictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Semigenetta" title="Semigenetta">Semigenetta</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Viverricula" class="mw-redirect" title="Viverricula">Viverricula</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestidae">Herpestidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>See below↓</li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyaenidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaenidae">Hyaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>See below↓</li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Feloidea">Feloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>See below↓</li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestidae">Herpestidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptoprocta" title="Cryptoprocta">Cryptoprocta</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Fossa</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Galidia">Galidia</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mungotictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mungotictis">Mungotictis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestidae">Herpestidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kichechia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kichechia (page does not exist)">Kichechia</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legetetia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Legetetia (page does not exist)">Legetetia</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptoplesictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptoplesictis (page does not exist)">Leptoplesictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugandictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugandictis (page does not exist)">Ugandictis</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestinae">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atilax" title="Atilax">Atilax</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Cynictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynictis">Cynictis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichneumia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichneumia">Ichneumia</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Paracynictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracynictis">Paracynictis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenogale">Xenogale</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mungotinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mungotinae">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dologale" class="mw-redirect" title="Dologale">Dologale</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberiictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberiictis">Liberiictis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hyaenidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hyaenidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaenidae">Hyaenidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Percrocutidae" title="Percrocutidae">Percrocutidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinocrocuta" title="Dinocrocuta">Dinocrocuta</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Percrocuta" title="Percrocuta">Percrocuta</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Lophocyonidae" title="Lophocyonidae">Lophocyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euboictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Euboictis (page does not exist)">Euboictis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izmirictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Izmirictis (page does not exist)">Izmirictis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lophocyon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lophocyon (page does not exist)">Lophocyon</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sivanasua" title="Sivanasua">Sivanasua</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyaenidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaenidae">Hyaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allohyaena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Allohyaena (page does not exist)">Allohyaena</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belbus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Belbus (page does not exist)">Belbus</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metahyaena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Metahyaena (page does not exist)">Metahyaena</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pliocrocuta" title="Pliocrocuta">Pliocrocuta</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tongxinictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tongxinictis (page does not exist)">Tongxinictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werdelinus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Werdelinus (page does not exist)">Werdelinus</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Ictitheriinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ictitheriinae">Ictitheriinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestides" title="Herpestides">Herpestides</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyaenotherium" title="Hyaenotherium">Hyaenotherium</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictitherium" title="Ictitherium">Ictitherium</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lycyaena" title="Lycyaena">Lycyaena</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miohyaenotherium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Miohyaenotherium (page does not exist)">Miohyaenotherium</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Plioviverrops" title="Plioviverrops">Plioviverrops</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Protictitherium" title="Protictitherium">Protictitherium</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Thalassictis" title="Thalassictis">Thalassictis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungurictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tungurictis (page does not exist)">Tungurictis</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protelinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Protelinae">Protelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gansuyaena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gansuyaena (page does not exist)">Gansuyaena</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Adcrocuta" title="Adcrocuta">Adcrocuta</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chasmaporthetes" title="Chasmaporthetes">Chasmaporthetes</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena">Hyaena</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyaenictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyaenictis (page does not exist)">Hyaenictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikelohyaena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikelohyaena (page does not exist)">Ikelohyaena</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leecyaena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leecyaena (page does not exist)">Leecyaena</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lycyaenops&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycyaenops (page does not exist)">Lycyaenops</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pachycrocuta" title="Pachycrocuta">Pachycrocuta</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palinhyaena&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Palinhyaena (page does not exist)">Palinhyaena</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Parahyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Parahyaena">Parahyaena</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Feloidea">Feloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Feloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Feloidea">Feloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudictis (page does not exist)">Pseudictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Stenogale" title="Stenogale">Stenogale</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Stenoplesictis" title="Stenoplesictis">Stenoplesictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viretictis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Viretictis (page does not exist)">Viretictis</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Barbourofelidae" title="Barbourofelidae">Barbourofelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>(See <a href="/wiki/Template:Barbourofelidae" title="Template:Barbourofelidae">Barbourofelidae</a>)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prionodontidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Prionodontidae">Prionodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haplogale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Haplogale (page does not exist)">Haplogale</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeoprionodon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeoprionodon (page does not exist)">Palaeoprionodon</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Prionodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Prionodon">Prionodon</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Asilifelis" title="Asilifelis">Asilifelis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Diamantofelis" title="Diamantofelis">Diamantofelis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperailurictis" title="Hyperailurictis">Hyperailurictis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Katifelis" title="Katifelis">Katifelis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Namafelis" title="Namafelis">Namafelis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miopanthera" title="Miopanthera">Miopanthera</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudaelurus" title="Pseudaelurus">Pseudaelurus</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sivaelurus" title="Sivaelurus">Sivaelurus</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Styriofelis" title="Styriofelis">Styriofelis</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Proailurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Proailurinae">Proailurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proailurus" title="Proailurus">Proailurus</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinayakia" title="Vinayakia">Vinayakia</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpailurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpailurus">Herpailurus</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptailurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptailurus">Leptailurus</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Leptofelis" title="Leptofelis">Leptofelis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Magerifelis" title="Magerifelis">Magerifelis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miracinonyx" title="Miracinonyx">Miracinonyx</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Otocolobus" class="mw-redirect" title="Otocolobus">Otocolobus</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pratifelis" title="Pratifelis">Pratifelis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pristifelis" title="Pristifelis">Pristifelis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sivapanthera" title="Sivapanthera">Sivapanthera</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sivapardus" title="Sivapardus">Sivapardus</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnufelis" title="Vishnufelis">Vishnufelis</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Machairodontinae" title="Machairodontinae">Machairodontinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Machairodontinae" title="Template:Machairodontinae">Machairodontinae</a></li></ul></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Leontoceryx" title="Leontoceryx">Leontoceryx</a></i></li>
+<li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pachypanthera" title="Pachypanthera">Pachypanthera</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842805" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q842805">Q842805</a></span></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arctogalidia_trivirgata" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Arctogalidia trivirgata">Arctogalidia trivirgata</a></span></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Arctogalidia/">Arctogalidia</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GB34">GB34</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/328086">328086</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2434742">2434742</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41602">41602</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=10229137">10229137</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=621982">621982</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/41691">41691</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006098">1006098</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&amp;id=14000281">14000281</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=94182">94182</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=768505">768505</a></span></span></li>
+<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=232038">232038</a></span></span></li></ul>
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+				<div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
+			</a>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-History"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>
+				<span>History</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
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+		<ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-1851–1896"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1851–1896">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span>
+					<span>1851–1896</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-1851–1896-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-1896–1945"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1896–1945">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span>
+					<span>1896–1945</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-1896–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-1945–1998"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945–1998">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span>
+					<span>1945–1998</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-1945–1998-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-1998–present"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1998–present">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span>
+					<span>1998–present</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-1998–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Organization"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>
+				<span>Organization</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Organization subsection</span>
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+		
+		<ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Management"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span>
+					<span>Management</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Journalists"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journalists">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span>
+					<span>Journalists</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Editorial_board"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editorial_board">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span>
+					<span>Editorial board</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Editorial_board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Unionization"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unionization">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span>
+					<span>Unionization</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Unionization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Content"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>
+				<span>Content</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Content-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Content subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Circulation"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Circulation">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span>
+					<span>Circulation</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Circulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Newsletters"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newsletters">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span>
+					<span>Newsletters</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Newsletters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Political_positions"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span>
+					<span>Political positions</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Crossword"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crossword">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span>
+					<span>Crossword</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Crossword-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Cooking"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooking">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span>
+					<span>Cooking</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Cooking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Archives"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span>
+					<span>Archives</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Content_management_system"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content_management_system">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span>
+					<span>Content management system</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Content_management_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Style_and_design"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_design">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>
+				<span>Style and design</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Style_and_design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Style and design subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Style_and_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Style_guide"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_guide">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span>
+					<span>Style guide</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Style_guide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Headlines"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headlines">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span>
+					<span>Headlines</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Headlines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Nameplate"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nameplate">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span>
+					<span>Nameplate</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Nameplate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Print_edition"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print_edition">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>
+				<span>Print edition</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Print_edition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Print edition subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Print_edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Design_and_layout"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_and_layout">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span>
+					<span>Design and layout</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Design_and_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Printing_process"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Printing_process">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span>
+					<span>Printing process</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Printing_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Online_platforms"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_platforms">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>
+				<span>Online platforms</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Online_platforms-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Online platforms subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Online_platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Website"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Website">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span>
+					<span>Website</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Website-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Applications"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span>
+					<span>Applications</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Podcasts"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podcasts">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span>
+					<span>Podcasts</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Podcasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Games"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Games">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span>
+					<span>Games</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Other_publications"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_publications">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>
+				<span>Other publications</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Other_publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Other publications subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Other_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-The_New_York_Times_Magazine"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_York_Times_Magazine">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span>
+					<span><i>The New York Times Magazine</i></span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-The_New_York_Times_Magazine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-The_New_York_Times_International_Edition"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_York_Times_International_Edition">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span>
+					<span><i>The New York Times International Edition</i></span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-The_New_York_Times_International_Edition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-The_New_York_Times_in_Spanish"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_York_Times_in_Spanish">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span>
+					<span><i>The New York Times in Spanish</i></span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-The_New_York_Times_in_Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-The_New_York_Times_in_Chinese"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_York_Times_in_Chinese">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span>
+					<span><i>The New York Times in Chinese</i></span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-The_New_York_Times_in_Chinese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Awards_and_recognition"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognition">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>
+				<span>Awards and recognition</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Awards and recognition subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Awards"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span>
+					<span>Awards</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Recognition"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span>
+					<span>Recognition</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Controversies"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span>
+				<span>Controversies</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span>
+					<span>Israeli–Palestinian conflict</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Transgender_people"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transgender_people">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span>
+					<span>Transgender people</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Transgender_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Notes"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span>
+				<span>Notes</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+		</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-References"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span>
+				<span>References</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
+			<button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
+				<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
+				<span>Toggle References subsection</span>
+			</button>
+		
+		<ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			<li id="toc-Citations"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span>
+					<span>Citations</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Works_cited"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span>
+					<span>Works cited</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+				<li id="toc-The_New_York_Times"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_York_Times">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.1</span>
+					<span><i>The New York Times</i></span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-The_New_York_Times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-The_New_York_Times_Company"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_York_Times_Company">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.2</span>
+					<span>The New York Times Company</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-The_New_York_Times_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Books"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.3</span>
+					<span>Books</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Reports"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reports">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.4</span>
+					<span>Reports</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Reports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Magazines"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.5</span>
+					<span>Magazines</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Journals"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.6</span>
+					<span>Journals</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Podcasts_2"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podcasts_2">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.7</span>
+					<span>Podcasts</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Podcasts_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+		<li id="toc-Articles"
+			class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3">
+			<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles">
+				<div class="vector-toc-text">
+					<span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2.8</span>
+					<span>Articles</span>
+				</div>
+			</a>
+			
+			<ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
+			</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+		</li>
+	</ul>
+	</li>
+	<li id="toc-Further_reading"
+		class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
+		<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading">
+			<div class="vector-toc-text">
+				<span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span>
+				<span>Further reading</span>
+			</div>
+		</a>
+		
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+					<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The New York Times</i></h1>
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+				<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B2" title="نيويورك تايمز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيويورك تايمز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="نیویورک تایمز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیویورک تایمز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="দ্য নিউ ইয়র্ক টাইমস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্য নিউ ইয়র্ক টাইমস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="दि न्यू यॉर्क टाइम्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दि न्यू यॉर्क टाइम्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Ню Йорк Таймс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ню Йорк Таймс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" title="New York Times – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="New York Times" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="نیویورک تایمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیویورک تایمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EC%9A%95_%ED%83%80%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4" title="뉴욕 타임스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴욕 타임스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" title="New York Times – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="New York Times" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%84_%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD" title="Նյու Յորք Թայմս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյու Յորք Թայմս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="दि न्यू यॉर्क टाइम्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दि न्यू यॉर्क टाइम्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="הניו יורק טיימס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הניו יורק טיימס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ದ ನ್ಯೂ ಯಾರ್ಕ್ ಟೈಮ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದ ನ್ಯೂ ಯಾರ್ಕ್ ಟೈಮ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ნიუ-იორკ ტაიმზი (გაზეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუ-იორკ ტაიმზი (გაზეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ദ് ന്യൂയോർക്ക് ടൈംസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ് ന്യൂയോർക്ക് ടൈംസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="न्यू यॉर्क टाइम्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यू यॉर्क टाइम्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B2" title="نيو يورك تايمز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيو يورك تايمز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22New_York_Times%22_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="&quot;New York Times&quot; сонин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="&quot;New York Times&quot; сонин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="နယူးယောက်တိုင်းစ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယူးယောက်တိုင်းစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="न्यूयर्क टाइम्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="न्यूयर्क टाइम्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="ニューヨーク・タイムズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューヨーク・タイムズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" title="New York Times – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="New York Times" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਨਿਊਯਾਰਕ ਟਾਈਮਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊਯਾਰਕ ਟਾਈਮਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" title="New York Times – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="New York Times" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ද නිව්යෝර්ක් ටයිම්ස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද නිව්යෝර්ක් ටයිම්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AA_%D9%BD%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%B2" title="دي نيو يارڪ ٽائمز – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دي نيو يارڪ ٽائمز" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2" title="نیویۆرک تایمز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیویۆرک تایمز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="த நியூயார்க் டைம்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="த நியூயார்க் டைம்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เดอะนิวยอร์กไทมส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดอะนิวยอร์กไทมส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Нью-Йорк таймс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нью-Йорк таймс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%B2" title="نیو یارک ٹائمز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیو یارک ٹائمز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="纽约时报 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纽约时报" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="ניו יארק טיימס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניו יארק טיימס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" title="紐約時報 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="紐約時報" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="The New York Times" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="纽约时报 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纽约时报" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li>
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+		<div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div>
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+						<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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+					<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div>
+					
+					
+					<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American daily newspaper</div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the newspaper. For its owner, see <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. For its website, see <a href="/wiki/Nytimes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Nytimes.com">nytimes.com</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The New York Times (disambiguation)">The New York Times (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"NYT" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NYT_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="NYT (disambiguation)">NYT (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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+
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+
+</p>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250428316">.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .infobox-title{font-size:125%;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-newspaper .logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-newspaper"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The New York Times</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>All the News That's Fit to Print</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NewYorkTimes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NewYorkTimes.svg/220px-NewYorkTimes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NewYorkTimes.svg/330px-NewYorkTimes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/NewYorkTimes.svg/440px-NewYorkTimes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="25" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_New_York_Times,_January_13,_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/The_New_York_Times%2C_January_13%2C_2024.png/220px-The_New_York_Times%2C_January_13%2C_2024.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b7/The_New_York_Times%2C_January_13%2C_2024.png 1.5x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="426" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>The New York Times</i> print edition on January 13, 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Newspaper#Daily" title="Newspaper">Daily newspaper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond" title="Henry Jarvis Raymond">Henry Jarvis Raymond</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones_(publisher)" title="George Jones (publisher)">George Jones</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/A._G._Sulzberger" title="A. G. Sulzberger">A. G. Sulzberger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Editor-in-chief</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kahn_(journalist)" title="Joseph Kahn (journalist)">Joseph Kahn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Managing editor</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lacey" title="Marc Lacey">Marc Lacey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Ryan" title="Carolyn Ryan">Carolyn Ryan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Staff writers</th><td class="infobox-data">1,700 (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">September&#160;18, 1851<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;173 years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1851-09-18</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Building" title="The New York Times Building">620 Eighth Avenue</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, 10018, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspaper circulation">Circulation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10,800,000 news subscribers<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(as of May 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sister newspapers</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a></i> (1967–2013)<br /><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_International_Edition" title="The New York Times International Edition">The New York Times International Edition</a></i> (1943–1967; 2013–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&amp;q=n2:0362-4331">0362-4331</a>&#160;(print)<br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&amp;q=n2:1553-8095">1553-8095</a>&#160;(web)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> number</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522">1645522 </a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nytimes.com">nytimes<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table>
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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of a series about</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_New_York_Times_logo.svg/45px-The_New_York_Times_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_New_York_Times_logo.svg/68px-The_New_York_Times_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_New_York_Times_logo.svg/90px-The_New_York_Times_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="661" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="History of The New York Times">History</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1851%E2%80%931896)" title="History of The New York Times (1851–1896)">1851–1896</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1896%E2%80%931945)" title="History of The New York Times (1896–1945)">1896–1945</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1945%E2%80%931998)" title="History of The New York Times (1945–1998)">1945–1998</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1998%E2%80%93present)" title="History of The New York Times (1998–present)">1998–present</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Online_platforms_of_The_New_York_Times" title="Online platforms of The New York Times">Online platforms</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
+Publications</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
+<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><i>The New York Times</i></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Upshot" title="The Upshot">The Upshot</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td>
+</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
+<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other publications</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_International_Edition" title="The New York Times International Edition">The New York Times International Edition</a></i>
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a></i></li></ul></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Play_(The_New_York_Times)" title="Play (The New York Times)">Play</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/T:_The_New_York_Times_Style_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="T: The New York Times Style Magazine">T</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td>
+</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
+People</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
+<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Executives and board members</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Sulzberger" title="A. G. Sulzberger">A. G. Sulzberger</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Meredith_Kopit_Levien" title="Meredith Kopit Levien">Meredith Kopit Levien</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
+</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
+<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Notable employees</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Maggie Haberman</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
+</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">
+<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
+<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Litigation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._Sullivan" title="New York Times Co. v. Sullivan">New York Times Co. v. Sullivan</a></i> (1964)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._United_States" title="New York Times Co. v. United States">New York Times Co. v. United States</a></i> (1971)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._Tasini" title="New York Times Co. v. Tasini">New York Times Co. v. Tasini</a></i> (2001)</li></ul></div></div></td>
+</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
+<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_New_York_Times_controversies" title="List of The New York Times controversies">Controversies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/MoveOn.org_ad_controversy" title="MoveOn.org ad controversy">MoveOn.org ad controversy</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
+</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">
+<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Building" title="The New York Times Building">The New York Times Building</a></li></ul></div></div></td>
+</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_New_York_Times_series" title="Template:The New York Times series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:The_New_York_Times_series&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:The New York Times series (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_New_York_Times_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The New York Times series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
+<p><i><b>The New York Times</b></i> (<i><b>NYT</b></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is an American daily newspaper based in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, the <i>Times</i> serves as one of the country's <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">newspapers of record</a>. As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, <i>The New York Times</i> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_States" title="List of newspapers in the United States">second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States</a>, with 296,330 print subscribers. The <i>Times</i> has 8.83 million online subscribers, the most of any newspaper in the United States. <i>The New York Times</i> is published by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publisher is <a href="/wiki/A._G._Sulzberger" title="A. G. Sulzberger">A. G. Sulzberger</a>. The <i>Times</i> is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Building" title="The New York Times Building">The New York Times Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>.
+</p><p>The <i>Times</i> was founded as the conservative <i>New-York Daily Times</i> in 1851, and came to national recognition in the 1870s with its aggressive coverage of corrupt politician <a href="/wiki/William_M._Tweed" title="William M. Tweed">William M. Tweed</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1893" title="Panic of 1893">Panic of 1893</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Chattanooga Times">Chattanooga Times</a></i> publisher <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Ochs" title="Adolph Ochs">Adolph Ochs</a> gained a controlling interest in the company. In 1935, Ochs was succeeded by his son-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hays_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Hays Sulzberger">Arthur Hays Sulzberger</a>, who began a push into European news. Sulzberger's son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger">Arthur Ochs</a> became publisher in 1963, adapting to a changing newspaper industry and introducing radical changes. <i>The New York Times</i> was involved in the landmark 1964 <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> case <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._Sullivan" title="New York Times Co. v. Sullivan">New York Times Co. v. Sullivan</a></i>, which restricted the ability of public officials to sue the media for <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a>.
+</p><p>In 1971, <i>The New York Times</i> published the <i><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Papers" title="Pentagon Papers">Pentagon Papers</a></i>, an internal <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> document detailing the <a href="/wiki/United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="United States in the Vietnam War">United States's historical involvement</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, despite pushback from then-president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>. In the landmark decision <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._United_States" title="New York Times Co. v. United States">New York Times Co. v. United States</a></i> (1971), the Supreme Court ruled that the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> guaranteed the right to publish the <i>Pentagon Papers</i>. In the 1980s, the <i>Times</i> began a two-decade progression to digital technology and launched nytimes.com in 1996. In the 21st century, <i>The New York Times</i> has shifted its publication online amid the global <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_newspapers" title="Decline of newspapers">decline of newspapers</a>.
+</p><p>The <i>Times</i> has expanded to several other publications, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_International_Edition" title="The New York Times International Edition">The New York Times International Edition</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a></i>. In addition, the paper has produced several television series, podcasts — including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_(podcast)" title="The Daily (podcast)">The Daily</a></i> — and games through <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Games" title="The New York Times Games">The New York Times Games</a></i>. <i>The New York Times</i> has been involved in <a href="/wiki/List_of_controversies_involving_The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="List of controversies involving The New York Times">several controversies</a> in its history. The <i>Times</i> maintains several regional bureaus staffed with journalists across six continents, and has <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pulitzer_Prizes_awarded_to_The_New_York_Times" title="List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times">received</a> 137 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prizes</a> as of 2023, the most of any publication, among other accolades.
+</p>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1851–1896"><span id="1851.E2.80.931896"></span>1851–1896</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1851%E2%80%931896)" title="History of The New York Times (1851–1896)">History of The New York Times (1851–1896)</a></div>
+<p><i>The New York Times</i> was established in 1851 by <i><a href="/wiki/New-York_Tribune" title="New-York Tribune">New-York Tribune</a></i> journalists <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond" title="Henry Jarvis Raymond">Henry Jarvis Raymond</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Jones_(publisher)" title="George Jones (publisher)">George Jones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger19514-5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger19514-5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> experienced significant circulation, particularly among conservatives; <i>New-York Tribune</i> publisher <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a> praised the <i>New-York Daily Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger19517-9_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger19517-9-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, <i>Times</i> correspondents gathered information directly from <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> states.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis192156-57_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis192156-57-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1869, Jones inherited the paper from Raymond,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195132_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195132-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> who had changed its name to <i>The New-York Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195121_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195121-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under Jones, the <i>Times</i> began to publish a series of articles criticizing <a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a> political boss <a href="/wiki/William_M._Tweed" title="William M. Tweed">William M. Tweed</a>, despite vehement opposition from other New York newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195135_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195135-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1871, <i>The New-York Times</i> published Tammany Hall's accounting books; Tweed was tried in 1873 and sentenced to twelve years in prison. The <i>Times</i> earned national recognition for its coverage of Tweed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195144-51_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195144-51-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1891, Jones died, creating a management imbroglio in which his children had insufficient business acumen to inherit the company and his will prevented an acquisition of the <i>Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1921167-168_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1921167-168-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ransom_Miller" title="Charles Ransom Miller">Charles Ransom Miller</a>, editorial editor Edward Cary, and correspondent George F. Spinney established a company to manage <i>The New-York Times</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1921170_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1921170-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but faced financial difficulties during the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1893" title="Panic of 1893">Panic of 1893</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1921171_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1921171-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1896–1945"><span id="1896.E2.80.931945"></span>1896–1945</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1896%E2%80%931945)" title="History of The New York Times (1896–1945)">History of The New York Times (1896–1945)</a></div>
+<p>In August 1896, <i><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Chattanooga Times">Chattanooga Times</a></i> publisher <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Ochs" title="Adolph Ochs">Adolph Ochs</a> acquired <i>The New-York Times</i>, implementing significant alterations to the newspaper's structure. Ochs established the <i>Times</i> as a merchant's newspaper and removed the hyphen from the newspaper's name.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951105-110_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951105-110-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1905, <i>The New York Times</i> opened <a href="/wiki/One_Times_Square" title="One Times Square">Times Tower</a>, marking expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951153_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951153-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> experienced a political realignment in the 1910s amid several disagreements within the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1921250-252_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1921250-252-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> reported on the <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Titanic" title="Sinking of the Titanic">sinking of the <i>Titanic</i></a>, as other newspapers were cautious about bulletins circulated by the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951193-197_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951193-197-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Through managing editor <a href="/wiki/Carr_Van_Anda" title="Carr Van Anda">Carr Van Anda</a>, the <i>Times</i> focused on scientific advancements, reporting on <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>'s then-unknown theory of <a href="/wiki/General_relativity" title="General relativity">general relativity</a> and becoming involved in the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_the_tomb_of_Tutankhamun" title="Discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun">discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951250-252_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951250-252-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In April 1935, Ochs died, leaving his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hays_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Hays Sulzberger">Arthur Hays Sulzberger</a> as publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951403-409_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951403-409-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> forced Sulzberger to reduce <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s operations,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951422-423_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951422-423-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and developments in the New York newspaper landscape resulted in the formation of larger newspapers, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">New York Herald Tribune</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World-Telegram" title="New York World-Telegram">New York World-Telegram</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951369-372_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951369-372-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In contrast to Ochs, Sulzberger encouraged <a href="/wiki/Wirephoto" title="Wirephoto">wirephotography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951412_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951412-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> extensively covered <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> through large headlines,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951433-436_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951433-436-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> reporting on exclusive stories such as the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d&#39;état">Yugoslav coup d'état</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951446_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951446-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Amid the war, Sulzberger began expanding the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s operations further, acquiring <a href="/wiki/WQXR-FM" title="WQXR-FM">WQXR-FM</a> in 1944 — the first non-<i>Times</i> investment since the Jones era — and established a fashion show in Times Hall. Despite reductions as a result of conscription, <i>The New York Times</i> retained the largest journalism staff of any newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951493-495_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951493-495-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s print edition became available internationally during the war through the <a href="/wiki/Army_%26_Air_Force_Exchange_Service" title="Army &amp; Air Force Exchange Service">Army &amp; Air Force Exchange Service</a>; <i>The New York Times Overseas Weekly</i> later became available in Japan through <i><a href="/wiki/The_Asahi_Shimbun" title="The Asahi Shimbun">The Asahi Shimbun</a></i> and in Germany through the <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Zeitung">Frankfurter Zeitung</a></i>. The international edition would develop into <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_International_Edition" title="The New York Times International Edition">a separate newspaper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2015b_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2015b-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Journalist <a href="/wiki/William_L._Laurence" title="William L. Laurence">William L. Laurence</a> publicized the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> race between the United States and Germany, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> seizing copies of the <i>Times</i>. The United States government recruited Laurence to document the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> in April 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951510-515_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951510-515-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Laurence became the only witness of the Manhattan Project, a detail realized by employees of <i>The New York Times</i> following the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombing_of_Hiroshima" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bombing of Hiroshima">atomic bombing of Hiroshima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951522-523_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951522-523-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945–1998"><span id="1945.E2.80.931998"></span>1945–1998</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1945%E2%80%931998)" title="History of The New York Times (1945–1998)">History of The New York Times (1945–1998)</a></div>
+<p>Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <i>The New York Times</i> continued to expand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951541-542_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951541-542-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> was subject to investigations from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Subcommittee_on_Internal_Security" title="United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security">Senate Internal Security Subcommittee</a>, a <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyist</a> subcommittee that investigated purported communism from within press institutions. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hays_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Hays Sulzberger">Arthur Hays Sulzberger</a>'s decision to dismiss a copyreader who had pleaded the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment</a> drew ire from within the <i>Times</i> and from external organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981289_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981289-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In April 1961, Sulzberger resigned, appointing his son-in-law, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a> president <a href="/wiki/Orvil_Dryfoos" title="Orvil Dryfoos">Orvil Dryfoos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese198127_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese198127-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under Dryfoos, <i>The New York Times</i> established a newspaper based in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981343_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981343-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1962, the implementation of automated <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing presses</a> in response to increasing costs mounted fears over <a href="/wiki/Technological_unemployment" title="Technological unemployment">technological unemployment</a>. The New York Typographical Union staged <a href="/wiki/1962%E2%80%931963_New_York_City_newspaper_strike" title="1962–1963 New York City newspaper strike">a strike</a> in December, altering the media consumption of New Yorkers. The strike left New York with three remaining newspapers — the <i>Times</i>, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News"><i>Daily News</i></a>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i>&#160;— by its conclusion in March 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981364-368_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981364-368-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In May, Dryfoos died of a heart ailment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981396_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981396-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following weeks of ambiguity, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger">Arthur Ochs Sulzberger</a> became <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981380-383_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981380-383-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Technological advancements leveraged by newspapers such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> and improvements in coverage from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> necessitated adaptations to nascent computing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981403-405_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981403-405-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> published "<a href="/wiki/Heed_Their_Rising_Voices" title="Heed Their Rising Voices">Heed Their Rising Voices</a>" in 1960, a full-page advertisement purchased by supporters of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> criticizing law enforcement in <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery, Alabama</a> for their response to the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>. Montgomery Public Safety commissioner L. B. Sullivan sued the <i>Times</i> for defamation. In <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._Sullivan" title="New York Times Co. v. Sullivan">New York Times Co. v. Sullivan</a></i> (1964), the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruled that the verdict in Alabama county court and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Alabama" title="Supreme Court of Alabama">Supreme Court of Alabama</a> violated the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017c_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017c-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The decision is considered to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_court_decisions_in_the_United_States" title="List of landmark court decisions in the United States">landmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiptak2021_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiptak2021-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After financial losses, <i>The New York Times</i> ended its <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_International_Edition" title="The New York Times International Edition">international edition</a>, acquiring a stake in the <i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Herald_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Herald Tribune">Paris Herald Tribune</a></i>, forming the <i><a href="/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981545_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981545-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> initially published the <i><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Papers" title="Pentagon Papers">Pentagon Papers</a></i>, facing opposition from then-president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>. The Supreme Court ruled in <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s favor in <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Co._v._United_States" title="New York Times Co. v. United States">New York Times Co. v. United States</a></i> (1971), allowing the <i>Times</i> and <i>The Washington Post</i> to publish the papers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChokshi2017_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChokshi2017-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> remained cautious in its initial coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009166-169_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009166-169-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> began investigating the scandal, the <i>Times</i> furthered its coverage,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009186-187_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009186-187-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> publishing details on the <a href="/wiki/Huston_Plan" title="Huston Plan">Huston Plan</a>, alleged wiretapping of reporters and officials,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009191_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009191-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and testimony from <a href="/wiki/James_W._McCord_Jr." title="James W. McCord Jr.">James W. McCord Jr.</a> that the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Re-Election_of_the_President" title="Committee for the Re-Election of the President">Committee for the Re-Election of the President</a> paid the conspirators off.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009189_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009189-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The exodus of readers to suburban New York newspapers, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett</a> papers, adversely affected <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney202322-24_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney202322-24-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Contemporary newspapers balked at additional sections; <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> devoted a cover for its criticism and <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i> wrote that the <i>Times</i> was engaging in "middle-class self-absorption".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2015a_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2015a-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i>, the <i>Daily News</i>, and the <i>New York Post</i> were the subject of <a href="/wiki/1978_New_York_City_newspaper_strike" title="1978 New York City newspaper strike">a strike</a> in 1978,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDewar1978_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDewar1978-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> allowing emerging newspapers to leverage halted coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStetson1978_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStetson1978-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> deliberately avoided coverage of the <a href="/wiki/AIDS_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS epidemic">AIDS epidemic</a>, running its first front-page article in May 1983. <a href="/wiki/Max_Frankel" title="Max Frankel">Max Frankel</a>'s editorial coverage of the epidemic, with mentions of <a href="/wiki/Anal_intercourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal intercourse">anal intercourse</a>, contrasted with then-executive editor <a href="/wiki/A._M._Rosenthal" title="A. M. Rosenthal">A. M. Rosenthal</a>'s puritan approach, intentionally avoiding descriptions of the luridity of gay venues.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney202354-56_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney202354-56-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Following years of waning interest in <i>The New York Times</i>, Sulzberger resigned in January 1992, appointing his son, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger_Jr." title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.">Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.</a>, as publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023131_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023131-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> represented a generational shift within the <i>Times</i>; Sulzberger, who negotiated The New York Times Company's acquisition of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i> in 1993, derided the Internet, while his son expressed antithetical views. @times appeared on <a href="/wiki/America_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="America Online">America Online</a>'s website in May 1994 as an extension of <i>The New York Times</i>, featuring news articles, film reviews, sports news, and business articles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023146-148_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023146-148-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Despite opposition, several employees of the <i>Times</i> had begun to access the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017a_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017a-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The online success of publications that traditionally co-existed with the <i>Times</i> — such as America Online, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo" title="Yahoo">Yahoo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> — and the expansion of websites such as <a href="/wiki/Monster.com" title="Monster.com">Monster.com</a> and <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a> that threatened <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s <a href="/wiki/Classified_advertising" title="Classified advertising">classified advertisement</a> model increased efforts to develop a website.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023173-175_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023173-175-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nytimes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Nytimes.com">nytimes.com</a> debuted on January 19 and was formally announced three days later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023181-182_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023181-182-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> published domestic terrorist <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a>'s essay <i><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Society_and_Its_Future" title="Industrial Society and Its Future">Industrial Society and Its Future</a></i> in 1995, contributing to his arrest after his brother <a href="/wiki/David_Kaczynski" title="David Kaczynski">David</a> recognized the essay's penmanship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarhi2015_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarhi2015-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1998–present"><span id="1998.E2.80.93present"></span>1998–present</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1998%E2%80%93present)" title="History of The New York Times (1998–present)">History of The New York Times (1998–present)</a></div>
+<p>Following the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Nytimes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Nytimes.com">nytimes.com</a>, <i>The New York Times</i> retained its journalistic hesitancy under executive editor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lelyveld" title="Joseph Lelyveld">Joseph Lelyveld</a>, refusing to publish an article reporting on the <a href="/wiki/Clinton%E2%80%93Lewinsky_scandal" title="Clinton–Lewinsky scandal">Clinton–Lewinsky scandal</a> from <a href="/wiki/Drudge_Report" title="Drudge Report">Drudge Report</a>. nytimes.com editors conflicted with print editors on several occasions, including wrongfully naming security guard <a href="/wiki/Richard_Jewell" title="Richard Jewell">Richard Jewell</a> as the suspect in the <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Olympic_Park_bombing" title="Centennial Olympic Park bombing">Centennial Olympic Park bombing</a> and covering the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Death of Diana, Princess of Wales">death of Diana, Princess of Wales</a> in greater detail than the print edition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023186-190_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023186-190-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The New York Times Electronic Media Company was adversely affected by the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Dot-com crash">dot-com crash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023221-222_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023221-222-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> extensively covered the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>. The following day's print issue contained sixty-six articles,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023249_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023249-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the work of over three hundred dispatched reporters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin200461_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin200461-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Judith_Miller" title="Judith Miller">Judith Miller</a> was the recipient of a package containing a white powder during the <a href="/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks" title="2001 anthrax attacks">2001 anthrax attacks</a>, furthering anxiety within <i>The New York Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023255-256_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023255-256-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In September 2002, Miller and military correspondent <a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Gordon" title="Michael R. Gordon">Michael R. Gordon</a> wrote an article for the <i>Times</i> claiming that Iraq had purchased <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_aluminum_tubes" title="Iraqi aluminum tubes">aluminum tubes</a>. The article was cited by then-president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> to claim that Iraq was constructing <a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a>; the theoretical use of aluminum tubes to produce nuclear material was speculation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023276-278_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023276-278-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In March 2003, the United States <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invaded Iraq</a>, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023281_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023281-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> attracted controversy after thirty-six articles<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2013a_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2013a-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> from journalist <a href="/wiki/Jayson_Blair" title="Jayson Blair">Jayson Blair</a> were discovered to be plagiarized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004171_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004171-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Criticism over then-executive editor <a href="/wiki/Howell_Raines" title="Howell Raines">Howell Raines</a> and then-managing editor <a href="/wiki/Gerald_M._Boyd" title="Gerald M. Boyd">Gerald M. Boyd</a> mounted following the scandal, culminating in a town hall in which a deputy editor criticized Raines for failing to question Blair's sources in article he wrote on the <a href="/wiki/D.C._sniper_attacks" title="D.C. sniper attacks">D.C. sniper attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004183_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004183-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In June 2003, Raines and Boyd resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004210-212_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004210-212-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger_Jr." title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.">Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Bill_Keller" title="Bill Keller">Bill Keller</a> as executive editor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004217_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004217-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Miller continued to report on the Iraq War as a <a href="/wiki/Embedded_journalism" title="Embedded journalism">journalistic embed</a> covering the country's weapons of mass destruction program. Keller and then-Washington bureau chief <a href="/wiki/Jill_Abramson" title="Jill Abramson">Jill Abramson</a> unsuccessfully attempted to subside criticism. Conservative media criticized the <i>Times</i> over its coverage of <a href="/wiki/Al_Qa%27qaa_high_explosives_controversy" title="Al Qa&#39;qaa high explosives controversy">missing explosives</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Al_Qa%27qaa" title="Al Qa&#39;qaa">Al Qa'qaa</a> weapons facility.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023340-343_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023340-343-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> An article in December 2005 disclosing <a href="/wiki/NSA_warrantless_surveillance_(2001%E2%80%932007)" title="NSA warrantless surveillance (2001–2007)">warrantless surveillance</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> contributed to further criticism from the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> administration and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>'s refusal to renew the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023354-355_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023354-355-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Plame_affair" title="Plame affair">Plame affair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plame_affair_grand_jury_investigation" title="Plame affair grand jury investigation">a Central Intelligence Agency</a> inquiry found that Miller had become aware of <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Plame" title="Valerie Plame">Valerie Plame</a>'s identity through then-vice president <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>'s chief of staff <a href="/wiki/Scooter_Libby" title="Scooter Libby">Scooter Libby</a>, resulting in Miller's resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023361-363_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023361-363-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a>, <i>The New York Times</i> suffered significant fiscal difficulties as a consequence of the <a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">subprime mortgage crisis</a> and a decline in <a href="/wiki/Classified_advertising" title="Classified advertising">classified advertising</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023374-376_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023374-376-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Exacerbated by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Rupert Murdoch</a>'s revitalization of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> through his acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_%26_Company" title="Dow Jones &amp; Company">Dow Jones &amp; Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a> began enacting measures to reduce the newsroom budget. The company was forced to borrow $250&#160;million (equivalent to $353.79&#160;million in 2023) from Mexican billionaire <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Slim" title="Carlos Slim">Carlos Slim</a> and fired over one hundred employees by 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023378-381_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023378-381-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> nytimes.com's coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Spitzer_prostitution_scandal" title="Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal">Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal</a>, resulting in the resignation of then-New York governor <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Spitzer" title="Eliot Spitzer">Eliot Spitzer</a>, furthered the legitimacy of the website as a journalistic medium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023382-383_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023382-383-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s economic downturn renewed discussions of an online paywall;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmer2010_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmer2010-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> implemented a paywall in March 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023398_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023398-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Abramson succeeded Keller,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023401_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023401-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> continuing her characteristic investigations into corporate and government malfeasance into the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023413_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023413-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following conflicts with newly appointed chief executive <a href="/wiki/Mark_Thompson_(media_executive)" title="Mark Thompson (media executive)">Mark Thompson</a>'s ambitions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023414-416_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023414-416-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Abramson was dismissed by Sulzberger Jr., who named <a href="/wiki/Dean_Baquet" title="Dean Baquet">Dean Baquet</a> as her replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarrSomaiya2014_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrSomaiya2014-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Leading up to the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>, <i>The New York Times</i> elevated the <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Hillary Clinton email controversy</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirby2017_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirby2017-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Uranium_One_controversy" title="Uranium One controversy">Uranium One controversy</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan202239_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan202239-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> national security correspondent <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Schmidt" title="Michael S. Schmidt">Michael S. Schmidt</a> initially wrote an article in March 2015 stating that <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> had used a private email server as secretary of state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmidt2015_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmidt2015-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s upset victory contributed to an increase in subscriptions to the <i>Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssociated_Press2016_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssociated_Press2016-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> experienced unprecedented indignation from Trump, who referred to publications such as the <i>Times</i> as "<a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">enemies of the people</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a> and tweeting his disdain for the newspaper and <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisGrynbaum2017_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisGrynbaum2017-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In October 2017, <i>The New York Times</i> published an article by journalists <a href="/wiki/Jodi_Kantor" title="Jodi Kantor">Jodi Kantor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megan_Twohey" title="Megan Twohey">Megan Twohey</a> alleging that dozens of women had accused film producer and <a href="/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company" title="The Weinstein Company">The Weinstein Company</a> co-chairman <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein" title="Harvey Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a> of sexual misconduct.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKantorTwohey2017_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKantorTwohey2017-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The investigation resulted in Weinstein's resignation and conviction,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaiGrady2020_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaiGrady2020-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> precipitated the <a href="/wiki/Weinstein_effect" title="Weinstein effect">Weinstein effect</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiaz2022b_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiaz2022b-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and served as a catalyst for the <a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECBS_News2017_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECBS_News2017-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The New York Times Company vacated the public editor position<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVictor2017_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVictor2017-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and eliminated the copy desk in November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmidt2017_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmidt2017-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sulzberger Jr. announced his resignation in December 2017, appointing his son, <a href="/wiki/A._G._Sulzberger" title="A. G. Sulzberger">A. G. Sulzberger</a>, as publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmber2017b_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmber2017b-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Trump's relationship — equally diplomatic and negative — marked Sulzberger's tenure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStelter2018_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStelter2018-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In September 2018, <i>The New York Times</i> published "<a href="/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration" title="I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration">I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration</a>", an <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_essay" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous essay">anonymous essay</a> by a self-described Trump administration official later revealed to be <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> chief of staff <a href="/wiki/Miles_Taylor_(security_expert)" title="Miles Taylor (security expert)">Miles Taylor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShear2020_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShear2020-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The animosity — which extended to nearly three hundred instances of Trump disparaging the <i>Times</i> by May 2019<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeQuealy2016_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeQuealy2016-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> — culminated in Trump ordering federal agencies to cancel their subscriptions to <i>The New York Times</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> in October 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarhi2019_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarhi2019-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">Trump's tax returns</a> have been the subject of three separate investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the <i>Times</i> began implementing data services and graphs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamsFehr2021_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamsFehr2021-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On May 23, 2020, <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s front page solely featured <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._Deaths_Near_100,000,_An_Incalculable_Loss" title="U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss">U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss</a></i>, a subset of the 100,000 people in the United States who died of COVID-19, the first time that the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s front page lacked images since they were introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrippe2020_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrippe2020-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since 2020, <i>The New York Times</i> has focused on broader diversification, developing online games and producing television series.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatel2023_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatel2023-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The New York Times Company acquired <i><a href="/wiki/The_Athletic" title="The Athletic">The Athletic</a></i> in January 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKafka2022a_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKafka2022a-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a></div>
+<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_Times_Building_-_Bottom_Portion_(48193462432).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/New_York_Times_Building_-_Bottom_Portion_%2848193462432%29.jpg/220px-New_York_Times_Building_-_Bottom_Portion_%2848193462432%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/New_York_Times_Building_-_Bottom_Portion_%2848193462432%29.jpg/330px-New_York_Times_Building_-_Bottom_Portion_%2848193462432%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/New_York_Times_Building_-_Bottom_Portion_%2848193462432%29.jpg/440px-New_York_Times_Building_-_Bottom_Portion_%2848193462432%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4060" data-file-height="3045" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Building" title="The New York Times Building">The New York Times Building</a></figcaption></figure>
+<p>Since 1896, <i>The New York Times</i> has been published by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, having previously been published by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond" title="Henry Jarvis Raymond">Henry Jarvis Raymond</a> until 1869<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195131_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195131-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and by <a href="/wiki/George_Jones_(publisher)" title="George Jones (publisher)">George Jones</a> until 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951105_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951105-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Ochs" title="Adolph Ochs">Adolph Ochs</a> published the <i>Times</i> until his death in 1935,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1935_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1935-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> when he was succeeded by his son-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hays_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Hays Sulzberger">Arthur Hays Sulzberger</a>. Sulzberger was publisher until 1961<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1968_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1968-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Orvil_Dryfoos" title="Orvil Dryfoos">Orvil Dryfoos</a>, his son-in-law, who served in the position until his death in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1963_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1963-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger">Arthur Ochs Sulzberger</a> succeeded Dryfoos until his resignation in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaberman2012_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaberman2012-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His son, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger_Jr." title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.">Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.</a>, served as publisher until 2018. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s current publisher is <a href="/wiki/A._G._Sulzberger" title="A. G. Sulzberger">A. G. Sulzberger</a>, Sulzberger Jr.'s son.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmber2017b_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmber2017b-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of 2023, the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s executive editor is <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kahn_(journalist)" title="Joseph Kahn (journalist)">Joseph Kahn</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2022a_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2022a-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the paper's managing editors are <a href="/wiki/Marc_Lacey" title="Marc Lacey">Marc Lacey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Ryan" title="Carolyn Ryan">Carolyn Ryan</a>, having been appointed in June 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrynbaumWindolf2022_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrynbaumWindolf2022-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s deputy managing editors are <a href="/wiki/Sam_Dolnick" title="Sam Dolnick">Sam Dolnick</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruell2023b_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruell2023b-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Monica_Drake_(journalist)" title="Monica Drake (journalist)">Monica Drake</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonKoblin2023_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonKoblin2023-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Duenes" title="Steve Duenes">Steve Duenes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManjoo2023_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManjoo2023-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the paper's assistant managing editors are Matthew Ericson,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGallogly2023_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallogly2023-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Jonathan Galinsky, Hannah Poferl, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Sifton" title="Sam Sifton">Sam Sifton</a>, Karron Skog,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015b_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015b-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Slackman" title="Michael Slackman">Michael Slackman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarago2022_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarago2022-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> is owned by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>, a publicly traded company. The New York Times Company, in addition to the <i>Times</i>, owns <i><a href="/wiki/Wirecutter_(website)" title="Wirecutter (website)">Wirecutter</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Athletic" title="The Athletic">The Athletic</a></i>, The New York Times Cooking, and The New York Times Games, and acquired Serial Productions and Audm. The New York Times Company holds undisclosed minority investments in multiple other businesses, and formerly owned <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i> and several radio and television stations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022b_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022b-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The New York Times Company is majority-owned by the Ochs-Sulzberger family through elevated shares in the company's dual-class stock structure held largely in a trust, in effect since the 1950s;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENocera2012_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENocera2012-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as of 2022, the family holds ninety-five percent of The New York Times Company's <a href="/wiki/Class_B_share" title="Class B share">Class B shares</a>, allowing it to elect seventy percent of the company's board of directors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkerFontanella-Khan2022_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkerFontanella-Khan2022-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Class_A_share" title="Class A share">Class A shareholders</a> have restrictive voting rights.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllison2007_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllison2007-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of 2023, The New York Times Company's chief executive is <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Kopit_Levien" title="Meredith Kopit Levien">Meredith Kopit Levien</a>, the company's former chief operating officer who was appointed in September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2020_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2020-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalists">Journalists</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_New_York_Times_employees" class="mw-redirect" title="List of The New York Times employees">List of <i>The New York Times</i> employees</a></div>
+<p>As of March 2023, The New York Times Company employs 5,800 individuals,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatel2023_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatel2023-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> including 1,700 journalists according to deputy managing editor <a href="/wiki/Sam_Dolnick" title="Sam Dolnick">Sam Dolnick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2023_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2023-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Journalists for <i>The New York Times</i> may not run for public office, provide financial support to political candidates or causes, endorse candidates, or demonstrate public support for causes or movements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022a_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022a-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Journalists are subject to the guidelines established in "Ethical Journalism" and "Guidelines on Integrity".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalame2007_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECalame2007-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to the former, <i>Times</i> journalists must abstain from using sources with a personal relationship to them and must not accept reimbursements or inducements from individuals who may be written about in <i>The New York Times</i>, with exceptions for gifts of nominal value.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2018a_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2018a-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The latter requires attribution and exact quotations, though exceptions are made for linguistic anomalies. Staff writers are expected to ensure the veracity of all written claims, but may delegate researching obscure facts to the research desk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1999_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1999-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In March 2021, the <i>Times</i> established a committee to avoid journalistic conflicts of interest with work written for <i>The New York Times</i>, following columnist <a href="/wiki/David_Brooks_(commentator)" title="David Brooks (commentator)">David Brooks</a>'s resignation from the <a href="/wiki/Aspen_Institute" title="Aspen Institute">Aspen Institute</a> for his undisclosed work on the initiative Weave.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2021_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2021-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed sortable" style="margin: 1em auto;">
+<caption class="nowrap">Bureaus of <i>The New York Times</i>
+</caption>
+<tbody><tr>
+<th>Location</th>
+<th>Chief
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td>
+<td>Christina Goldbaum<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023c_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023c-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>, New York, United States</td>
+<td>Luis Ferré-Sadurní<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022a_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022a-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, United States</td>
+<td>Rick Rojas<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>, South America</td>
+<td>Julie Turkewitz<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019d_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019d-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td>
+<td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, #2C2C2C); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorach2023_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKorach2023-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> Brazil</td>
+<td>Jack Nicas<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021h_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021h-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td>
+<td>Matina Stevis-Gridneff<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021g_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021g-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Beijing, China</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Keith_Bradsher" title="Keith Bradsher">Keith Bradsher</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Germany</td>
+<td>Katrin Bennhold<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022e_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022e-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td>
+<td>Vivian Yee<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020b_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020b-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Chicago, Illinois, United States</td>
+<td>Julie Bosman<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021c_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021c-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> and Central Europe<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Andrew Higgins<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td>
+<td>Damien Cave<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2024b_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2024b-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Texas, United States</td>
+<td>J. David Goodman<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021b_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021b-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td>
+<td>Ben Hubbard<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022g_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022g-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kramer" title="Andrew Kramer">Andrew Kramer</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022i_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022i-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, Israel</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kingsley_(journalist)" title="Patrick Kingsley (journalist)">Patrick Kingsley</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020e_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020e-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa</td>
+<td>John Eligon<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021d_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021d-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> London, England</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Landler" title="Mark Landler">Mark Landler</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019a_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019a-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Los Angeles, California, United States</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Corina_Knoll" title="Corina Knoll">Corina Knoll</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022h_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022h-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Miami, Florida</td>
+<td>Patricia Mazzei<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazzei2021_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazzei2021-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a>, United States<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Campbell Robertson<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Moscow, Russia</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Anton_Troianovski" title="Anton Troianovski">Anton Troianovski</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f_142-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, Mexico</td>
+<td>Natalie Kitroeff<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022j_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022j-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, United States</td>
+<td>Jenna Russell<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a>, New York, United States</td>
+<td>Emma Fitzsimmons<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019c_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019c-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_York_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Police Department">New York Police Department</a>, New York, United States</td>
+<td>Maria Cramer<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023a_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023a-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Paris, France</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Cohen" title="Roger Cohen">Roger Cohen</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020d_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020d-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Vivian Nereim<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</td>
+<td>Jason Horowitz<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2017a_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2017a-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> San Francisco, California, United States</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Heather_Knight_(journalist)" title="Heather Knight (journalist)">Heather Knight</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnight2023_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnight2023-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, United States</td>
+<td>Mike Baker<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019b_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019b-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> South Asia<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Mujib Mashal<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021e_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021e-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Southeast Asia<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Sui-Lee Wee<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f_167-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Choe_Sang-Hun" title="Choe Sang-Hun">Choe Sang-Hun</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeo2022_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeo2022-169"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Shanghai, China</td>
+<td>Alexandra Stevenson<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> Sydney, Australia</td>
+<td>Victoria Kim<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2024a_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2024a-170"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Tokyo, Japan</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Motoko_Rich" title="Motoko Rich">Motoko Rich</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETakenaga2019_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakenaga2019-171"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><img alt="United Nations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> United Nations</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Farnaz_Fassihi" title="Farnaz Fassihi">Farnaz Fassihi</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022c_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022c-172"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Washington, D.C., United States</td>
+<td><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Bumiller" title="Elisabeth Bumiller">Elisabeth Bumiller</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021a_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021a-173"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> West Africa<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td>
+<td>Ruth Maclean<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d_174-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d-174"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</td></tr></tbody></table>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editorial_board">Editorial board</h3></div>
+<table class="floatright" style="background-color: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #aaa; box-sizing: border-box; padding: 10px; font-size: 88%; max-width: 100%; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em;" cellpadding="1">
+<tbody><tr>
+<th style="text-align: center; font-size: 110%; font-weight: bold;"><i>The New York Times</i><br />editorial board
+</th></tr>
+<tr>
+<td><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Appelbaum" title="Binyamin Appelbaum">Binyamin Appelbaum</a></li><li>Michelle Cottle</li><li>David Firestone</li><li>Nick Fox</li><li>Mara Gay</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jeneen_Interlandi" title="Jeneen Interlandi">Jeneen Interlandi</a></li><li>Lauren Kelley</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kingsbury" title="Kathleen Kingsbury">Kathleen Kingsbury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Serge_Schmemann" title="Serge Schmemann">Serge Schmemann</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Staples" title="Brent Staples">Brent Staples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Farah_Stockman" title="Farah Stockman">Farah Stockman</a></li><li>Jyoti Thottam</li><li>Jesse Wegman</li></ul></div>
+</td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<p><i>The New York Times</i> editorial board was established in 1896 by <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Ochs" title="Adolph Ochs">Adolph Ochs</a>. With the opinion department, the editorial board is independent of the newsroom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennet2020_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennet2020-176"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Then-editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ransom_Miller" title="Charles Ransom Miller">Charles Ransom Miller</a> served as opinion editor from 1883 until his death in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1922_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1922-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rollo_Ogden" title="Rollo Ogden">Rollo Ogden</a> succeeded Miller until his death in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1937_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1937-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From 1937 to 1938, <a href="/wiki/John_Huston_Finley" title="John Huston Finley">John Huston Finley</a> served as opinion editor; in a prearranged plan, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Merz" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Merz">Charles Merz</a> succeeded Finley.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1938_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1938-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Merz served in the position until his retirement in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuiston1977_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuiston1977-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Bertram_Oakes" title="John Bertram Oakes">John Bertram Oakes</a> served as opinion editor from 1961 to 1976, when then-publisher <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger">Arthur Ochs Sulzberger</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Max_Frankel" title="Max Frankel">Max Frankel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFadden2001a_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFadden2001a-181"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Frankel served in the position until 1986, when he was appointed as executive editor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1986_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1986-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Rosenthal_(journalist)" title="Jack Rosenthal (journalist)">Jack Rosenthal</a> was the opinion editor from 1986 to 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2017_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2017-183"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Howell_Raines" title="Howell Raines">Howell Raines</a> succeeded Rosenthal until 2001, when he was made executive editor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFadden2001b_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFadden2001b-184"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gail_Collins" title="Gail Collins">Gail Collins</a> succeeded Raines until her resignation in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeelye2006_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeelye2006-185"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From 2007 to 2016, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Rosenthal" title="Andrew Rosenthal">Andrew Rosenthal</a> was the opinion editor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016b_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016b-186"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Bennet_(journalist)" title="James Bennet (journalist)">James Bennet</a> succeeded Rosenthal until his resignation in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETracy2020_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETracy2020-187"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of July&#160;2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, the editorial board comprises thirteen opinion writers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2018b_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2018b-188"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s opinion editor is <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kingsbury" title="Kathleen Kingsbury">Kathleen Kingsbury</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETracy2021_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETracy2021-189"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the deputy opinion editor is Patrick Healy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015b_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015b-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s editorial board was initially opposed to liberal beliefs, opposing <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women&#39;s suffrage in the United States">women's suffrage</a> in 1900 and 1914. The editorial board began to espouse progressive beliefs during Oakes' tenure, conflicting with the Ochs-Sulzberger family, of which Oakes was a member as <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Ochs" title="Adolph Ochs">Adolph Ochs</a>'s nephew; in 1976, Oakes publicly disagreed with Sulzberger's endorsement of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a> over <a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York#Democratic_primary" title="1976 United States Senate election in New York">1976 Senate Democratic primaries</a> in a letter sent from <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha&#39;s Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a>. Under Rosenthal, the editorial board took positions supporting <a href="/wiki/Assault_weapons_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Assault weapons legislation in the United States">assault weapons legislation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">legalization of marijuana</a>, but publicly criticized the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> over its portrayal of terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016b_186-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016b-186"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In presidential elections, <i>The New York Times</i> has <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_election_endorsements_made_by_The_New_York_Times" title="List of United States presidential election endorsements made by The New York Times">endorsed</a> a total of twelve Republican candidates and thirty-two Democratic candidates, and has endorsed the Democrat in every election since 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdamsLouttitTaylor2016_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamsLouttitTaylor2016-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Editorial_Board2020_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Editorial_Board2020-191"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With the exception of <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a>, Republicans endorsed by the <i>Times</i> have won the presidency. In 2016, the editorial board issued an anti-endorsement against <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> for the first time in its history.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamson2016_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamson2016-193"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In February 2020, the editorial board reduced its presence from several editorials each day to occasional editorials for events deemed particularly significant. Since August 2024, the board no longer endorses candidates in local or congressional races in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonFandos2024_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonFandos2024-194"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unionization">Unionization</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Guild" title="New York Times Guild">New York Times Guild</a></div>
+<p>Since 1940, editorial, media, and technology workers of <i>The New York Times</i> have been represented by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Guild" title="New York Times Guild">New York Times Guild</a>. The Times Guild, along with the Times Tech Guild, are represented by the <a href="/wiki/NewsGuild-CWA" title="NewsGuild-CWA">NewsGuild-CWA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFu2021_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFu2021-195"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1940, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hays_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Hays Sulzberger">Arthur Hays Sulzberger</a> was called upon by the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a> amid accusations that he had discouraged Guild membership in the <i>Times</i>. Over the next few years, the Guild would ratify several contracts, expanding to editorial and news staff in 1942 and maintenance workers in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951496_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951496-196"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The New York Times Guild has walked out several times in its history, including for six and a half hours in 1981<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIzadi2022_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIzadi2022-197"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and in 2017, when copy editors and reporters walked out at lunchtime in response to the elimination of the copy desk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmber2017a_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmber2017a-198"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On December 7, 2022, the union held a one-day strike,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022c_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022c-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the first interruption to <i>The New York Times</i> since 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCreesh2022_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCreesh2022-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The New York Times Guild reached an agreement in May 2023 to increase minimum salaries for employees and a retroactive bonus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2023a_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2023a-201"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Times Tech Guild is the largest <a href="/wiki/Unionization_in_the_tech_sector" title="Unionization in the tech sector">technology union</a> with <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> rights in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2022_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2022-202"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The guild held a second strike beginning on November 4, 2024, threatening the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s coverage of the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner2024b_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagner2024b-203"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Circulation">Circulation</h3></div>
+<p>As of August 2024, <i>The New York Times</i> has 10.8 million subscribers, with 10.2 million online subscribers and 600,000 print subscribers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2024_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2024-204"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_States" title="List of newspapers in the United States">second-largest newspaper by print circulation</a> in the United States behind <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Visé2022_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Visé2022-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The New York Times Company intends to have fifteen million subscribers by 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2023b_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2023b-206"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s shift towards subscription-based revenue with the debut of an online paywall in 2011 contributed to subscription revenue exceeding advertising revenue the following year, furthered by the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKafkaMolla2017_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKafkaMolla2017-207"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2022, <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i> wrote that <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s subscribers skew "older, richer, whiter, and more liberal"; to reflect the general population of the United States, the <i>Times</i> has attempted to alter its audience by acquiring <i><a href="/wiki/The_Athletic" title="The Athletic">The Athletic</a></i>, investing in verticals such as <i>The New York Times Games</i>, and beginning a marketing campaign showing diverse subscribers to the <i>Times</i>. The New York Times Company chief executive <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Kopit_Levien" title="Meredith Kopit Levien">Meredith Kopit Levien</a> stated that the average age of subscribers has remained constant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKafka2022b_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKafka2022b-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newsletters">Newsletters</h3></div>
+<p>In October 2001, <i>The New York Times</i> began publishing <i>DealBook</i>, a financial newsletter edited by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ross_Sorkin" title="Andrew Ross Sorkin">Andrew Ross Sorkin</a>. The <i>Times</i> had intended to publish the newsletter in September, but delayed its debut following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESorkin2011_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESorkin2011-209"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A website for <i>DealBook</i> was established in March 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDealBook2006_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDealBook2006-210"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> began shifting towards <i>DealBook</i> as part of the newspaper's financial coverage in November 2010 with a renewed website and a presence in the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s print edition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnett2010_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnett2010-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2011, the <i>Times</i> began hosting the DealBook Summit, an annual conference hosted by Sorkin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2023_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2023-212"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <i>The New York Times</i> hosted the DealBook Online Summit in 2020<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2020_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2020-213"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESorkin_et_al.2021_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESorkin_et_al.2021-214"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 2022 DealBook Summit featured — among other speakers — former vice president <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> and Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarantz2022_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarantz2022-215"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> culminating in an interview with former <a href="/wiki/FTX" title="FTX">FTX</a> chief executive <a href="/wiki/Sam_Bankman-Fried" title="Sam Bankman-Fried">Sam Bankman-Fried</a>; FTX had <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_of_FTX" title="Bankruptcy of FTX">filed for bankruptcy</a> several weeks prior.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2022_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2022-216"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The 2023 DealBook Summit's speakers included vice president <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>, Israeli president <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a>, and businessman <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2023_212-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2023-212"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>In June 2010, <i>The New York Times</i> licensed the political blog <i><a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a></i> in a three-year agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStelter2010_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStelter2010-217"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The blog, written by <a href="/wiki/Nate_Silver" title="Nate Silver">Nate Silver</a>, had garnered attention during the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 presidential election</a> for predicting the elections in forty-nine of fifty states. <i>FiveThirtyEight</i> appeared on nytimes.com in August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilver2010_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilver2010-218"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to Silver, several offers were made for the blog; Silver wrote that a merger of unequals must allow for editorial sovereignty and resources from the acquirer, comparing himself to <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarr2011_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr2011-219"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i>, <i>FiveThirtyEight</i> drew as much as a fifth of the traffic to nytimes.com during the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETracy2012_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETracy2012-220"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In July 2013, <i>FiveThirtyEight</i> was sold to <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStelter2013_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStelter2013-221"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In an article following Silver's exit, public editor <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sullivan_(journalist)" title="Margaret Sullivan (journalist)">Margaret Sullivan</a> wrote that he was disruptive to the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s culture for his perspective on probability-based predictions and scorn for polling — having stated that punditry is "fundamentally useless", comparing him to <a href="/wiki/Billy_Beane" title="Billy Beane">Billy Beane</a>, who implemented <a href="/wiki/Sabermetrics" title="Sabermetrics">sabermetrics</a> in baseball. According to Sullivan, his work was criticized by several notable political journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2013b_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2013b-222"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New Republic</i> obtained a memo in November 2013 revealing then-Washington bureau chief <a href="/wiki/David_Leonhardt" title="David Leonhardt">David Leonhardt</a>'s ambitions to establish a data-driven newsletter with presidential historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a>, graphic designer <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Cox" title="Amanda Cox">Amanda Cox</a>, economist <a href="/wiki/Justin_Wolfers" title="Justin Wolfers">Justin Wolfers</a>, and <i>The New Republic</i> journalist <a href="/wiki/Nate_Cohn" title="Nate Cohn">Nate Cohn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETracy2013_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETracy2013-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By March, Leonhardt had amassed fifteen employees from within <i>The New York Times</i>; the newsletter's staff included individuals who had created the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s dialect quiz, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_down" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth down">fourth down</a> analyzer, and a calculator for determining buying or renting a home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDuling2014_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDuling2014-224"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Upshot" title="The Upshot">The Upshot</a></i> debuted in April 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeonhardt2014_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeonhardt2014-225"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a></i> reviewed an article about <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> Secure Choice — a state-funded retirement saving system — as "neither a terse news item, nor a formal financial advice column, nor a politically charged response to economic policy", citing its informal and neutral tone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2015_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015-226"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The Upshot</i> developed "the needle" for the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential elections</a>, a thermometer dial displaying the probability of a candidate winning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2020_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2020-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In January 2016, Cox was named editor of <i>The Upshot</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2016_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2016-228"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kevin Quealy was named editor in June 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022f_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022f-229"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h3></div>
+<p>According to an internal readership poll conducted by <i>The New York Times</i> in 2019, eighty-four percent of readers identified as liberal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023464_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023464-230"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crossword">Crossword</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_crossword_puzzle" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Times crossword puzzle"><i>The New York Times</i> crossword puzzle</a></div>
+<p>In February 1942, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_crossword_puzzle" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Times crossword puzzle"><i>The New York Times</i> crossword</a> debuted in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>; according to Richard Shepard, the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> in December 1941 convinced then-publisher <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hays_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Hays Sulzberger">Arthur Hays Sulzberger</a> of the necessity of a crossword.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShepard1992_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShepard1992-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooking">Cooking</h3></div>
+<p><i>The New York Times</i> has published recipes since the 1850s and has had a separate food section since the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHesser2010a_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHesser2010a-232"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1961, restaurant critic <a href="/wiki/Craig_Claiborne" title="Craig Claiborne">Craig Claiborne</a> published <i>The New York Times Cookbook</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHesser2010b1_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHesser2010b1-233"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> an unauthorized cookbook that drew from the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s recipes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDisis2018_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDisis2018-234"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since 2010, former food editor <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Hesser" title="Amanda Hesser">Amanda Hesser</a> has published <i><a href="/wiki/The_Essential_New_York_Times_Cookbook" title="The Essential New York Times Cookbook">The Essential New York Times Cookbook</a></i>, a compendium of recipes from <i>The New York Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuters2010_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2010-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Innovation Report</i> in 2014 revealed that the <i>Times</i> had attempted to establish a cooking website since 1998, but faced difficulties with the absence of a defined data structure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2014_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2014-236"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In September 2014, <i>The New York Times</i> introduced NYT Cooking, an application and website.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2016_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2016-237"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Edited by food editor <a href="/wiki/Sam_Sifton" title="Sam Sifton">Sam Sifton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDisis2018_234-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDisis2018-234"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s cooking website features 21,000 recipes as of 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGapper2022_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGapper2022-238"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> NYT Cooking features videos as part of an effort by Sifton to hire two former <a href="/wiki/Tasty_(web_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasty (web series)"><i>Tasty</i></a> employees from <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed">BuzzFeed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDisis2018_234-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDisis2018-234"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In August 2023, NYT Cooking added personalized recommendations through the <a href="/wiki/Cosine_similarity" title="Cosine similarity">cosine similarity</a> of text embeddings of recipe titles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFittsEddy2023_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFittsEddy2023-239"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The website also features no-recipe recipes, a concept proposed by Sifton.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2019_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2019-240"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>In May 2016, The New York Times Company announced a partnership with startup Chef'd to form a meal delivery service that would deliver ingredients from The New York Times Cooking recipes to subscribers;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpam2016_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpam2016-241"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Chef'd shut down in July 2018 after failing to accrue capital and secure financing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddon2018_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddon2018-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i> reported in September 2022 that the <i>Times</i> would expand its delivery options to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$95</span> cooking kits curated by chefs such as <a href="/wiki/Nina_Compton" title="Nina Compton">Nina Compton</a>, Chintan Pandya, and Naoko Takei Moore. That month, the staff of NYT Cooking went on tour with Compton, Pandya, and Moore in Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, and New York City, culminating in a food festival.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChan2022_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChan2022-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In addition, <i>The New York Times</i> offered its own <a href="/wiki/Wine_club" title="Wine club">wine club</a> originally operated by the Global Wine Company. The New York Times Wine Club was established in August 2009, during a dramatic decrease in advertising revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2009_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2009-244"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By 2021, the wine club was managed by <a href="/wiki/Lot18" title="Lot18">Lot18</a>, a company that provides proprietary labels. Lot18 managed the <a href="/wiki/Williams_Sonoma" title="Williams Sonoma">Williams Sonoma</a> Wine Club and its own wine club Tasting Room.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsimov2021_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsimov2021-245"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archives">Archives</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Archival_Library" title="The New York Times Archival Library"><i>The New York Times</i> Archival Library</a></div><p><span class="anchor" id="TimesMachine"></span>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> archives its articles in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Archival_Library" title="The New York Times Archival Library">a basement annex</a> beneath its building known as "the morgue", a venture started by managing editor <a href="/wiki/Carr_Van_Anda" title="Carr Van Anda">Carr Van Anda</a> in 1907. The morgue comprises news clippings, a pictures library, and the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s book and periodicals library. As of 2014, it is the largest library of any media company, dating back to 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2014_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2014-246"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November 2018, <i>The New York Times</i> partnered with <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> to digitize the Archival Library.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVincent2018_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVincent2018-247"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Additionally, <i>The New York Times</i> has maintained a virtual microfilm reader known as TimesMachine since 2014. The service launched with archives from 1851 to 1980; in 2016, TimesMachine expanded to include archives from 1981 to 2002. The <i>Times</i> built a pipeline to take in <a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a> images, article metadata in <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> and an <a href="/wiki/INI_file" title="INI file">INI file</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_geometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartesian geometry">Cartesian geometry</a> describing the boundaries of the page, and convert it into a <a href="/wiki/PNG" title="PNG">PNG</a> of image tiles and <a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a> containing the information in the XML and INI files. The image tiles are generated using <a href="/wiki/GDAL" title="GDAL">GDAL</a> and displayed using <a href="/wiki/Leaflet_(software)" title="Leaflet (software)">Leaflet</a>, using data from a <a href="/wiki/Content_delivery_network" title="Content delivery network">content delivery network</a>. The <i>Times</i> ran <a href="/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">optical character recognition</a> on the articles using <a href="/wiki/Tesseract_(software)" title="Tesseract (software)">Tesseract</a> and <a href="/wiki/N-gram" title="N-gram">shingled</a> and <a href="/wiki/Approximate_string_matching" title="Approximate string matching">fuzzy string matched</a> the result.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotlerSandhaus2016_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotlerSandhaus2016-248"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content_management_system">Content management system</h3></div>
+<p><i>The New York Times</i> uses a proprietary<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChayka2019_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChayka2019-249"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management system</a> known as Scoop for its online content and the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>-based content management system <a href="/wiki/CCI_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="CCI Europe">CCI</a> for its print content. Scoop was developed in 2008 to serve as a secondary content management system for editors working in CCI to publish their content on the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s website; as part of <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s online endeavors, editors now write their content in Scoop and send their work to CCI for print publication. Since its introduction, Scoop has superseded several processes within the <i>Times</i>, including print edition planning and collaboration, and features tools such as multimedia integration, notifications, content tagging, and drafts. <i>The New York Times</i> uses private articles for high-profile opinion pieces, such as those written by Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> and actress <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a>, and for high-level investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVnenchak2014_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVnenchak2014-250"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In January 2012, the <i>Times</i> released Integrated Content Editor (ICE), a revision tracking tool for <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> and <a href="/wiki/TinyMCE" title="TinyMCE">TinyMCE</a>. ICE is integrated within the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s workflow by providing a unified text editor for print and online editors, reducing the divide between print and online operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers2012_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers2012-251"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>By 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2017_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2017-252"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> began developing a new authoring tool to its content management system known as Oak, in an attempt to further the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s visual efforts in articles and reduce the discrepancy between the mediums in print and online articles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds2018_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds2018-253"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The system reduces the input of editors and supports additional visual mediums in an editor that resembles the appearance of the article.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2017_252-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2017-252"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Oak is based on ProseMirror, a <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> rich-text editor toolkit, and retains the revision tracking and commenting functionalities of <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s previous systems. Additionally, Oak supports predefined article headers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECiocca2018_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECiocca2018-254"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2019, Oak was updated to support collaborative editing using <a href="/wiki/Firebase" title="Firebase">Firebase</a> to update editors's cursor status. Several Google Cloud Functions and Google Cloud Tasks allow articles to be previewed as they will be printed, and the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s primary <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> database is regularly updated to update editors on the article status.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECioccaSisson2019_255-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECioccaSisson2019-255"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_design">Style and design</h2></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style_guide">Style guide</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Manual_of_Style_and_Usage" title="The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage"><i>The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage</i></a></div>
+<p>Since 1895, <i>The New York Times</i> has maintained a <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Manual_of_Style_and_Usage" title="The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage">manual of style</a> in several forms. <i>The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage</i> was published on the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s <a href="/wiki/Intranet" title="Intranet">intranet</a> in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKallaur2016_256-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKallaur2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> uses <a href="/wiki/Honorific" title="Honorific">honorifics</a> when referring to individuals. With the <i><a href="/wiki/AP_Stylebook" title="AP Stylebook">AP Stylebook</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s removal of honorifics in 2000 and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s omission of courtesy titles in May 2023, the <i>Times</i> is the only national newspaper that continues to use honorifics. According to former copy editor Merrill Perlman, <i>The New York Times</i> continues to use honorifics as a "sign of civility".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranign2023_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBranign2023-257"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s use of courtesy titles led to an apocryphal rumor that the paper had referred to singer <a href="/wiki/Meat_Loaf" title="Meat Loaf">Meat Loaf</a> as "Mr. Loaf".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens2022_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens2022-258"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Several exceptions have been made; the former sports section and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a></i> do not use honorifics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadnaniChambers2020_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadnaniChambers2020-259"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A leaked memo following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">killing of Osama bin Laden</a> in May 2011 revealed that editors were given a last-minute instruction to omit the honorific from <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>'s name, consistent with deceased figures of historic significance, such as <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonner2011_260-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner2011-260"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> uses academic and military titles for individuals prominently serving in that position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett2017_261-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett2017-261"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1986, the <i>Times</i> began to use <a href="/wiki/Ms." title="Ms.">Ms</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadnaniChambers2020_259-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadnaniChambers2020-259"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and introduced the gender-neutral title <a href="/wiki/Mx." class="mw-redirect" title="Mx.">Mx.</a> in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett2015_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett2015-262"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> uses initials when a subject has expressed a preference, such as <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagli2016_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagli2016-263"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> maintains a strict but not absolute obscenity policy, including phrases. In a review of the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a> band <a href="/wiki/Fucked_Up" title="Fucked Up">Fucked Up</a>, music critic <a href="/wiki/Kelefa_Sanneh" title="Kelefa Sanneh">Kelefa Sanneh</a> wrote that the band's name — entirely rendered in asterisks — would not be printed in the <i>Times</i> "unless an American president, or someone similar, says it by mistake";<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanneh2007_264-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESanneh2007-264"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> did not repeat then-vice president <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>'s use of "fuck" against then-senator <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a> in 2004<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStolberg2004_265-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStolberg2004-265"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or then-vice president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>'s remarks that the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> in 2010 was a "big fucking deal".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerszenhorn2010_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerszenhorn2010-266"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s profanity policy has been tested by former president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> published Trump's <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape"><i>Access Hollywood</i> tape</a> in October 2016, containing the words "fuck", "pussy", "bitch", and "tits", the first time the publication had published an expletive on its front page,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEskin2016_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEskin2016-267"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and repeated an explicit phrase for fellatio stated by then-<a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> communications director <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Scaramucci" title="Anthony Scaramucci">Anthony Scaramucci</a> in July 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaFrance2017_268-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaFrance2017-268"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> omitted Trump's use of the phrase "<a href="/wiki/Shithole_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Shithole countries">shithole countries</a>" from its headline in favor of "vulgar language" in January 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2018_269-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2018-269"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> banned certain words, such as "bitch", "whore", and "sluts", from <i><a href="/wiki/Wordle" title="Wordle">Wordle</a></i> in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiaz2022a_270-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiaz2022a-270"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headlines">Headlines</h3></div>
+<p>Journalists for <i>The New York Times</i> do not write their own headlines, but rather copy editors who specifically write headlines. The <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s guidelines insist headline editors get to the main point of an article but avoid giving away endings, if present. Other guidelines include using slang "sparingly", avoiding <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">tabloid headlines</a>, not ending a line on a preposition, article, or adjective, and chiefly, not to pun. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Manual_of_Style_and_Usage" title="The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage">The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage</a></i> states that wordplay, such as "Rubber Industry Bounces Back", is to be tested on a colleague as a <a href="/wiki/Canary_in_a_coal_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Canary in a coal mine">canary is to be tested in a coal mine</a>; "when no song bursts forth, start rewriting".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltner2017b_271-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltner2017b-271"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> has amended headlines due to controversy. In 2019, following two back-to-back mass shootings in <a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso</a> and <a href="/wiki/2019_Dayton_shooting" title="2019 Dayton shooting">Dayton</a>, the <i>Times</i> used the headline, "Trump Urges Unity vs. Racism", to describe then-president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s words after the shootings. After criticism from <i><a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a></i> founder <a href="/wiki/Nate_Silver" title="Nate Silver">Nate Silver</a>, the headline was changed to, "Assailing Hate But Not Guns".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChiu2019_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChiu2019-272"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Online, <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s headlines do not face the same length restrictions as headlines that appear in print; print headlines must fit within a column, often six words. Additionally, headlines must "break" properly, containing a complete thought on each line without splitting up prepositions and adverbs. Writers may edit a headline to fit an article more aptly if further developments occur. The <i>Times</i> uses <a href="/wiki/A/B_testing" title="A/B testing">A/B testing</a> for articles on the front page, placing two headlines against each other. At the end of the test, the headlines that receives more traffic is chosen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulik2016_273-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulik2016-273"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The alteration of a headline regarding intercepted Russian data used in the <a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a> was noted by Trump in a March 2017 interview with <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, in which he claimed that the headline used the word "wiretapped" in the print version of the paper on January 20, while the digital article on January 19 omitted the word. The headline was intentionally changed in the print version to use "wiretapped" in order to fit within the print guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESymonds2017_274-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESymonds2017-274"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nameplate">Nameplate</h3></div>
+<p>The nameplate of <i>The New York Times</i> has been unaltered since 1967. In creating the initial nameplate, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond" title="Henry Jarvis Raymond">Henry Jarvis Raymond</a> sought to model <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The London Times">The London Times</a></i>, which used a <a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a> style called <a href="/wiki/Textura" class="mw-redirect" title="Textura">Textura</a>, popularized following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">fall of the Western Roman Empire</a> and regional variations of <a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a>'s script, as well as a period. With the change to <i>The New-York Times</i> on September 14, 1857, the nameplate followed. Under <a href="/wiki/George_Jones_(publisher)" title="George Jones (publisher)">George Jones</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Terminal_(typography)" title="Terminal (typography)">terminals</a> of the "N", "r", and "s" were intentionally exaggerated into swashes. The nameplate in the January 15, 1894, issue trimmed the terminals once more, smoothed the edges, and turned the stem supporting the "T" into an ornament. The hyphen was dropped on December 1, 1896, after <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Ochs" title="Adolph Ochs">Adolph Ochs</a> purchased the paper. The <a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">descender</a> of the "h" was shortened on December 30, 1914. The largest change to the nameplate was introduced on February 21, 1967, when type designer <a href="/wiki/Ed_Benguiat" title="Ed Benguiat">Ed Benguiat</a> redesigned the logo, most prominently turning the arrow ornament into a diamond. Notoriously, the new logo dropped the period that remained with the <i>Times</i> up until that point; one reader compared the omission of the period to "performing plastic surgery on <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen of Troy</a>." Picture editor John Radosta worked with a <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> professor to determine that dropping the period saved the paper <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$41.28</span> (equivalent to $377.21&#32;in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017b_275-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017b-275"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Print_edition">Print edition</h2></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_and_layout">Design and layout</h3></div>
+<p>As of December 2023, <i>The New York Times</i> has printed sixty thousand issues, a statistic represented in the paper's masthead to the right of the volume number, the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s years in publication written in <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023c_276-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023c-276"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The volume and issues are separated by four dots representing the edition number of that issue; on the day of the 2000 presidential election, the <i>Times</i> was revised four separate times, necessitating the use of an <a href="/wiki/Em_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Em dash">em dash</a> in place of an ellipsis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2014c_277-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2014c-277"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The em dash issue was printed hundreds times over before being replaced by the one-dot issue. Despite efforts by newsroom employees to recycle copies sent to <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s office, several copies were kept, including one put on display at the Museum at The Times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023a_278-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023a-278"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From February 7, 1898, to December 31, 1999, the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s issue number was incorrect by five hundred issues, an error suspected by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> to be the result of a careless front page type editor. The misreporting was noticed by news editor Aaron Donovan, who was calculating the number of issues in a spreadsheet and noticed the discrepancy. <i>The New York Times</i> celebrated fifty thousand issues on March 14, 1995, an observance that should have occurred on July 26, 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen2014_279-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen2014-279"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> has reduced the physical size of its print edition while retaining its <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a> format. <i>The New-York Daily Times</i> debuted at 18 inches (460&#160;mm) across. By the 1950s, the <i>Times</i> was being printed at 16 inches (410&#160;mm) across. In 1953, an increase in paper costs to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$10</span> (equivalent to $113.88&#32;in 2023) a ton increased newsprint costs to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$21.7</span> million (equivalent to $308,616,417.91&#32;in 2023) On December 28, 1953, the pages were reduced to 15.5 inches (390&#160;mm). On February 14, 1955, a further reduction to 15 inches (380&#160;mm) occurred, followed by 14.5 and 13.5 inches (370 and 340&#160;mm). On August 6, 2007, the largest cut occurred when the pages were reduced to 12 inches (300&#160;mm),<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a decision that other broadsheets had previously considered. Then-executive editor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Keller" title="Bill Keller">Bill Keller</a> stated that a narrower paper would be more beneficial to the reader but acknowledged a net loss in article space of five percent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016f_280-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016f-280"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1985, The New York Times Company established a minority stake in a <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$21.7</span> million (equivalent to $308,616,417.91&#32;in 2023) newsprint plant in <a href="/wiki/Clermont,_Capitale-Nationale,_Quebec" title="Clermont, Capitale-Nationale, Quebec">Clermont, Quebec</a> through <a href="/wiki/Resolute_Forest_Products" title="Resolute Forest Products">Donahue Malbaie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuters1985_282-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters1985-282"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The company sold its equity interest in Donahue Malbaie in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020a22_283-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020a22-283"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> often uses large, bolded headlines for major events. For the print version of the <i>Times</i>, these headlines are written by one copy editor, reviewed by two other copy editors, approved by the masthead editors, and polished by other print editors. The process is completed before 8 p.m., but it may be repeated if further development occur, as did take place during the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>. On the day <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> was declared the winner, <i>The New York Times</i> utilized a "hammer headline" reading, "Biden Beats Trump", in all caps and bolded. A dozen journalists discussed several potential headlines, such as "It's Biden" or "Biden's Moment", and prepared for a <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> victory, in which they would use "Trump Prevails".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErnstVecsey2020_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErnstVecsey2020-284"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During Trump's <a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">first impeachment</a>, the <i>Times</i> drafted the hammer headline, "Trump Impeached". <i>The New York Times</i> altered the <a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)" title="Ligature (writing)">ligatures</a> between the E and the A, as not doing so would leave a noticeable gap due to the stem of the A sloping away from the E. The <i>Times</i> reused the tight <a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">kerning</a> for "Biden Beats Trump" and Trump's <a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment</a>, which simply read, "Impeached".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondern2021_285-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESondern2021-285"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>In cases where two major events occur on the same day or immediately after each other, <i>The New York Times</i> has used a "paddle wheel" headline, where both headlines are used but split by a line. The term dates back to August 8, 1959, when it was revealed that the United States was monitoring Soviet missile firings and when <a href="/wiki/Explorer_6" title="Explorer 6">Explorer 6</a> — shaped like a <a href="/wiki/Paddle_wheel" title="Paddle wheel">paddle wheel</a> — launched. Since then, the paddle wheel has been used several times, including on January 21, 1981, when <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> was <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="First inauguration of Ronald Reagan">sworn in</a> minutes before <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> released fifty-two American hostages, ending the <a href="/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis" title="Iran hostage crisis">Iran hostage crisis</a>. At the time, most newspapers favored the end of the hostage crisis, but the <i>Times</i> placed the inauguration above the crisis. Since 1981, the paddle wheel has been used twice; on July 26, 2000, when the <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">2000 Camp David Summit</a> ended without an agreement and when Bush announced that <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> would be his running mate, and on June 24, 2016, when the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">United Kingdom European Union membership referendum</a> passed, beginning <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>, and when the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> deadlocked in <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Texas_(2016)" title="United States v. Texas (2016)">United States v. Texas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016e_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016e-286"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> has run editorials from its editorial board on the front page twice. On June 13, 1920, the <i>Times</i> ran an editorial opposing <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>, who was nominated during that year's <a href="/wiki/1920_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican Party presidential primaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldfarb2015_287-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfarb2015-287"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Amid growing acceptance to run editorials on the front pages<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETompkins2015_288-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETompkins2015-288"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> from publications such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Patriot-News" title="The Patriot-News">The Patriot-News</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic" title="The Arizona Republic">The Arizona Republic</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indianapolis_Star" title="The Indianapolis Star">The Indianapolis Star</a></i>, <i>The New York Times</i> ran an editorial on its front page on December 5, 2015, following <a href="/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack" title="2015 San Bernardino attack">a terrorist attack</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino, California</a>, in which fourteen people were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson2015_289-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson2015-289"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The editorial advocates for the prohibition of "slightly modified combat rifles" used in the San Bernardino shooting and "certain kinds of ammunition".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldfarb2015_287-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfarb2015-287"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Conservative figures, including <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a></i> editor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Bill Kristol</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_%26_Friends" title="Fox &amp; Friends">Fox &amp; Friends</a></i> co-anchor <a href="/wiki/Steve_Doocy" title="Steve Doocy">Steve Doocy</a>, and then-<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> governor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> criticized the <i>Times</i>. Talk radio host <a href="/wiki/Erick_Erickson" title="Erick Erickson">Erick Erickson</a> acquired an issue of <i>The New York Times</i> to fire several rounds into the paper, posting a picture online.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKludt2015_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKludt2015-290"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Printing_process">Printing process</h3></div>
+<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYTimes_print_25_Av_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NYTimes_print_25_Av_jeh.JPG/220px-NYTimes_print_25_Av_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NYTimes_print_25_Av_jeh.JPG/330px-NYTimes_print_25_Av_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NYTimes_print_25_Av_jeh.JPG/440px-NYTimes_print_25_Av_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2492" data-file-height="1556" /></a><figcaption><i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s distribution center in <a href="/wiki/College_Point,_Queens" title="College Point, Queens">College Point, Queens</a></figcaption></figure>
+<p>Since 1997,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1997_291-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1997-291"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s primary distribution center is located in <a href="/wiki/College_Point,_Queens" title="College Point, Queens">College Point, Queens</a>. The facility is 300,000&#160;sq&#160;ft (28,000&#160;m<sup>2</sup>) and employs 170 people as of 2017. The College Point distribution center prints 300,000 to 800,000 newspapers daily. On most occasions, presses start before 11 p.m. and finish before 3 a.m. A robotic crane grabs a roll of newsprint and several rollers ensure ink can be printed on paper. The final newspapers are wrapped in plastic and shipped out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKoppelQuick2017_292-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKoppelQuick2017-292"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of 2018, the College Point facility accounted for 41 percent of production. Other copies are printed at 26 other publications, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Santa_Fe_New_Mexican" title="The Santa Fe New Mexican">The Santa Fe New Mexican</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Courier_Journal" title="Courier Journal">Courier Journal</a></i>. With the <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_newspapers" title="Decline of newspapers">decline of newspapers</a>, particularly regional publications, the <i>Times</i> must travel further; for example, newspapers for Hawaii are flown from San Francisco on <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>, and Sunday papers are flown from Los Angeles on <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Airlines" title="Hawaiian Airlines">Hawaiian Airlines</a>. Computer glitches, mechanical issues, and weather phenomena affect circulation but do not stop the paper from reaching customers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Syckle2018_293-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Syckle2018-293"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The College Point facility prints over two dozen other papers, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023b_294-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023b-294"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i> has halted its printing process several times to account for major developments. The first printing stoppage occurred on March 31, 1968, when then-president <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> announced that he would not seek a second term. Other press stoppages include May 19, 1994, for the death of former first lady <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis</a>, and July 17, 1996, for <a href="/wiki/Trans_World_Airlines_Flight_800" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans World Airlines Flight 800">Trans World Airlines Flight 800</a>. The <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 presidential election</a> necessitated two press stoppages. <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> appeared to concede on November 8, forcing then-executive editor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lelyveld" title="Joseph Lelyveld">Joseph Lelyveld</a> to stop the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s presses to print a new headline, "Bush Appears to Defeat Gore", with a story that stated <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> was elected president. However, Gore held off his concession speech over doubts over <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida</a>. Lelyveld reran the headline, "Bush and Gore Vie for an Edge". Since 2000, three printing stoppages have been issued for the death of <a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">William Rehnquist</a> on September 3, 2005, for the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">killing of Osama bin Laden</a> on May 1, 2011, and for the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_Equality_Act_(New_York)" title="Marriage Equality Act (New York)">Marriage Equality Act</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a> and subsequent signage by then-governor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a> on June 24, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016d_295-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016d-295"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Online_platforms">Online platforms</h2></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Online_platforms_of_The_New_York_Times" title="Online platforms of The New York Times">Online platforms of <i>The New York Times</i></a></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Website">Website</h3></div>
+<p>The New York Times website is hosted at nytimes.com. It has undergone several major redesigns and infrastructure developments since its debut. In April 2006, <i>The New York Times</i> redesigned its website with an emphasis on multimedia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApcar2006_296-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEApcar2006-296"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In preparation for <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday,_2008" title="Super Tuesday, 2008">Super Tuesday</a> in February 2008, the <i>Times</i> developed a live election system using the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>'s <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a> (FTP) service and a <a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a> application; nytimes.com experienced its largest traffic on Super Tuesday and the day after.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2008_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2008-297"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Applications">Applications</h3></div>
+<p>The NYTimes application debuted with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a> on July 10, 2008. <i><a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s Scott McNulty wrote critically of the app, negatively comparing it to <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s mobile website.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNulty2008_298-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNulty2008-298"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> version with select articles was released on April 3, 2010, with the release of the <a href="/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)" title="IPad (1st generation)">first-generation iPad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittum2010_299-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittum2010-299"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In October, <i>The New York Times</i> expanded NYT Editors' Choice to include the paper's full articles. NYT for iPad was free until 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESorrel2010_300-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESorrel2010-300"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> applications on <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> began offering in-app subscriptions in July 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchramm2011_301-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchramm2011-301"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> released a <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web application</a> for iPad — featuring a format summarizing trending headlines on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeater2012a_302-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeater2012a-302"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> — and a <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a> application in October 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeater2012b_303-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeater2012b-303"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>Efforts to ensure profitability through an online magazine and a "Need to Know" subscription emerged in <i><a href="/wiki/Adweek" title="Adweek">Adweek</a></i> in July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTED&#39;Orazio2013_304-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTED&#39;Orazio2013-304"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In March 2014, <i>The New York Times</i> announced three applications — NYT Now, an application that offers pertinent news in a blog format, and two unnamed applications, later known as NYT Opinion<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2014b_305-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2014b-305"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and NYT Cooking<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2014_236-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2014-236"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> — to diversify its product laterals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2014_306-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2014-306"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podcasts">Podcasts</h3></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:20%; ;">
+<blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style="">
+<p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_(podcast)" title="The Daily (podcast)">The Daily</a></i> is the modern front page of <i>The New York Times</i>.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Sam_Dolnick" title="Sam Dolnick">Sam Dolnick</a>, speaking to <i><a href="/wiki/Intelligencer_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligencer (website)">Intelligencer</a></i> in January 2020<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneier2020_307-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneier2020-307"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></cite></p>
+</div>
+<p><i>The New York Times</i> manages several podcasts, including multiple podcasts with Serial Productions. The <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s longest-running podcast is <i>The Book Review Podcast</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBisley2017_308-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBisley2017-308"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> debuting as <i>Inside <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a></i> in April 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul2015_309-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul2015-309"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s defining podcast is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_(podcast)" title="The Daily (podcast)">The Daily</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneier2020_307-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneier2020-307"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a daily news podcast hosted by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Barbaro" title="Michael Barbaro">Michael Barbaro</a> and, since March 2022, <a href="/wiki/Sabrina_Tavernise" title="Sabrina Tavernise">Sabrina Tavernise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuah2022_310-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuah2022-310"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The podcast debuted on February 1, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarbaro2017_311-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbaro2017-311"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>In October 2021, <i>The New York Times</i> began testing "New York Times Audio", an application featuring podcasts from the <i>Times</i>, audio versions of articles — including from other publications through Audm, and archives from <i><a href="/wiki/This_American_Life" title="This American Life">This American Life</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2021_312-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2021-312"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The application debuted in May 2023 exclusively on <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> for <i>Times</i> subscribers. New York Times Audio includes exclusive podcasts such as <i>The Headlines</i>, a daily news recap, and <i>Shorts</i>, short audio stories under ten minutes. In addition, a "Reporter Reads" section features <i>Times</i> journalists reading their articles and providing commentary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhalid2023_313-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhalid2023-313"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games">Games</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Games" title="The New York Times Games">The New York Times Games</a></div>
+<p><i>The New York Times</i> has used video games as part of its journalistic efforts, among the first publications to do so,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGómez-Garcíade_la_Hera_Conde-Pumpido2023451_314-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGómez-Garcíade_la_Hera_Conde-Pumpido2023451-314"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> contributing to an increase in Internet traffic;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUsher2014150_315-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsher2014150-315"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the publication has also developed its own video games. In 2014, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i> introduced <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Spelling_Bee" title="The New York Times Spelling Bee">Spelling Bee</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Word_game" title="Word game">word game</a> in which players guess words from a set of letters in a <a href="/wiki/Honeycomb" title="Honeycomb">honeycomb</a> and are awarded points for the length of the word and receive extra points if the word is a <a href="/wiki/Pangram" title="Pangram">pangram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmlen2020_316-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmlen2020-316"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The game was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Will_Shortz" title="Will Shortz">Will Shortz</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Longo" title="Frank Longo">Frank Longo</a>, and has been maintained by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Ezersky" title="Sam Ezersky">Sam Ezersky</a>. In May 2018, <i>Spelling Bee</i> was published on nytimes.com, furthering its popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELippman2020_317-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELippman2020-317"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In February 2019, the <i>Times</i> introduced <i>Letter Boxed</i>, in which players form words from letters placed on the edges of a square box,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarkar2019_318-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarkar2019-318"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> followed in June 2019 by <i>Tiles</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Matching_game" title="Matching game">matching game</a> in which players form sequences of tile pairings, and <i>Vertex</i>, in which players connect vertices to assemble an image.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023d_319-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023d-319"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In July 2023, <i>The New York Times</i> introduced <i><a href="/wiki/Connections_(2023_video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Connections (2023 video game)">Connections</a></i>, in which players identify groups of words that are connected by a common property.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris2023_320-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris2023-320"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In April, the <i>Times</i> introduced <i>Digits</i>, a game that required using <a href="/wiki/Operation_(mathematics)" title="Operation (mathematics)">operations</a> on different values to reach a set number; <i>Digits</i> was shut down in August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters2023c_321-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters2023c-321"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In March 2024, <i>The New York Times</i> released <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Strands" title="The New York Times Strands">Strands</a></i>, a themed <a href="/wiki/Word_search" title="Word search">word search</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine2024_322-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine2024-322"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>In January 2022, The New York Times Company acquired <i><a href="/wiki/Wordle" title="Wordle">Wordle</a></i>, a word game developed by <a href="/wiki/Josh_Wardle" title="Josh Wardle">Josh Wardle</a> in 2021, at a valuation in the "low-seven figures".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPisani2022_323-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPisani2022-323"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The acquisition was proposed by David Perpich, a member of the Sulzberger family who proposed the purchase to Knight<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein2023d_324-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein2023d-324"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> over <a href="/wiki/Slack_(software)" title="Slack (software)">Slack</a> after reading about the game.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruell2023a_325-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruell2023a-325"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> purportedly considered acquiring <i>Wordle</i>, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein2023d_324-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein2023d-324"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Game_Developers_Conference" title="Game Developers Conference">Game Developers Conference</a>, Wardle stated that he was overwhelmed by the volume of <i>Wordle</i> facsimiles and overzealous monetization practices in other games.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMachkovech2022_326-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMachkovech2022-326"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Concerns over <i>The New York Times</i> monetizing <i>Wordle</i> by implementing a paywall mounted;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukherjeeDatta2022_327-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukherjeeDatta2022-327"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Wordle</i> is a client-side <a href="/wiki/Browser_game" title="Browser game">browser game</a> and can be played offline by downloading its webpage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHollister2022_328-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHollister2022-328"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Wordle</i> moved to the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s servers and website in February.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarpenter2022_329-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenter2022-329"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The game was added to the NYT Games application in August,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHicks2022_330-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHicks2022-330"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> necessitating it be rewritten in the <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> library <a href="/wiki/React_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="React (software)">React</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrland2023_331-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrland2023-331"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November, <i>The New York Times</i> announced that <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Bennett" title="Tracy Bennett">Tracy Bennett</a> would be the <i>Wordle</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s editor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrland2022_332-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrland2022-332"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_publications">Other publications</h2></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_New_York_Times_Magazine"><i>The New York Times Magazine</i></h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine"><i>The New York Times Magazine</i></a></div>
+<p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The Boston Globe Magazine">The Boston Globe Magazine</a></i> are the only weekly Sunday magazines following <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="The Washington Post Magazine">The Washington Post Magazine</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s cancellation in December 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllison2022_333-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllison2022-333"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_New_York_Times_International_Edition"><i>The New York Times International Edition</i></h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_International_Edition" title="The New York Times International Edition"><i>The New York Times International Edition</i></a></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_New_York_Times_in_Spanish"><i>The New York Times in Spanish</i></h3></div>
+<p>In February 2016, <i>The New York Times</i> introduced a Spanish website, <i>The New York Times en Español</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolgreen2016_334-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolgreen2016-334"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The website, intended to be read on mobile devices, would contain translated articles from the <i>Times</i> and reporting from journalists based in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYu2016_335-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYu2016-335"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times en Español</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s style editor is Paulina Chavira, who has advocated for pluralistic Spanish to accommodate the variety of nationalities in the newsroom's journalists and wrote a stylebook for <i>The New York Times en Español</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArchibold2018_336-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArchibold2018-336"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Articles the <i>Times</i> intends to publish in Spanish are sent to a translation agency and adapted for Spanish writing conventions; the present progressive tense may be used for forthcoming events in English, but other tenses are preferable in Spanish. The <i>Times en Español</i> consults the <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fund%C3%A9u" title="Fundéu">Fundéu</a> and frequently modifies the use of diacritics — such as using an acute accent for the <a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Cártel de Sinaloa</a> but not the <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_Cartel" title="Medellín Cartel">Cartel de Medellín</a> — and using the gender-neutral pronoun <a href="/wiki/Elle_(Spanish_pronoun)" title="Elle (Spanish pronoun)"><i>elle</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudasoff2019_337-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudasoff2019-337"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Headlines in <i>The New York Times en Español</i> are not capitalized. The <i>Times en Español</i> publishes <i>El Times</i>, a newsletter led by Elda Cantú intended for all Spanish speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGinley2023_338-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGinley2023-338"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In September 2019, <i>The New York Times</i> ended <i>The New York Times en Español</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s separate operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarea2019_339-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENarea2019-339"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A study published in <i>The Translator</i> in 2023 found that the <i>Times en Español</i> engaged in <a href="/wiki/Tabloidization" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabloidization">tabloidization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValdeón2023_340-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEValdeón2023-340"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_New_York_Times_in_Chinese"><i>The New York Times in Chinese</i></h3></div>
+<p>In June 2012, <i>The New York Times</i> introduced a Chinese website, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">纽约时报中文</span></span>, in response to Chinese editions created by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. Conscious to <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">censorship</a>, the <i>Times</i> established servers outside of China and affirmed that the website would uphold the paper's journalistic standards; the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">government of China</a> had previously blocked articles from nytimes.com through the <a href="/wiki/Great_Firewall_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Firewall of China">Great Firewall</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaughney2012_341-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaughney2012-341"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the website was blocked in China until August 2001 after then-general secretary <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> met with journalists from <i>The New York Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher2012_342-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher2012-342"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Then-foreign editor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kahn_(journalist)" title="Joseph Kahn (journalist)">Joseph Kahn</a> assisted in the establishment of cn.nytimes.com, an effort that contributed to his appointment as executive editor in April 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2022b_343-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2022b-343"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In October, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">纽约时报中文</span></span> published an article detailing the wealth of then-premier <a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a>'s family. In response, the government of China blocked access to nytimes.com and cn.nytimes.com and references to the <i>Times</i> and Wen were censored on microblogging service <a href="/wiki/Sina_Weibo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sina Weibo">Sina Weibo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher2012_342-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher2012-342"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In March 2015, a <a href="/wiki/Mirror_site" title="Mirror site">mirror</a> of <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">纽约时报中文</span></span> and the website for <a href="/wiki/GreatFire" title="GreatFire">GreatFire</a> were the targets for a government-sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Distributed_denial_of_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed denial of service">distributed denial of service</a> attack on <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> in March 2015, disabling access to the service for several days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodin2015_344-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodin2015-344"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Chinese authorities requested the removal of <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s news applications from the <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a> in December 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennerWee2017_345-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennerWee2017-345"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</h2></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_won_by_The_New_York_Times" title="List of awards won by The New York Times">List of awards won by <i>The New York Times</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pulitzer_Prizes_awarded_to_The_New_York_Times" title="List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times">List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to <i>The New York Times</i></a></div>
+<p>As of 2023, <i>The New York Times</i> has <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pulitzer_Prizes_awarded_to_The_New_York_Times" title="List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times">received</a> 137 <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prizes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAx2023_346-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAx2023-346"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the most of any publication.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFolkenflik2022_347-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFolkenflik2022-347"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition">Recognition</h3></div>
+<p><i>The New York Times</i> is considered a <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">newspaper of record</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-351" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-351"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Times</i> is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommunications_and_Digital_Committee2008123_352-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommunications_and_Digital_Committee2008123-352"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as of 2022, <i>The New York Times</i> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_States" title="List of newspapers in the United States">second-largest newspaper by print circulation</a> in the United States behind <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Visé2022_205-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Visé2022-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>A study published in <i><a href="/wiki/Science,_Technology,_%26_Human_Values" title="Science, Technology, &amp; Human Values">Science, Technology, &amp; Human Values</a></i> in 2013 found that <i>The New York Times</i> received more citations in academic journals than the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Sociological_Review" title="American Sociological Review">American Sociological Review</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Research_Policy_(journal)" title="Research Policy (journal)">Research Policy</a></i>, or the <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_Review" title="Harvard Law Review">Harvard Law Review</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHicksWang2013_353-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHicksWang2013-353"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>341<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With sixteen million unique records, the <i>Times</i> is the third-most referenced source in <a href="/wiki/Common_Crawl" title="Common Crawl">Common Crawl</a>, a collection of online material used in datasets such as <a href="/wiki/GPT-3" title="GPT-3">GPT-3</a>, behind <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> and a United States patent database.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmer2023_354-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmer2023-354"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>342<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s Max Norman wrote in March 2023 that the <i>Times</i> has shaped mainstream English usage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorman2023_355-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorman2023-355"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>  In a January 2018 article for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sullivan_(journalist)" title="Margaret Sullivan (journalist)">Margaret Sullivan</a> stated that <i>The New York Times</i> affects the "whole media and political ecosystem".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2018_356-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2018-356"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p><i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s nascent success has led to concerns over media consolidation, particularly amid the <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_newspapers" title="Decline of newspapers">decline of newspapers</a>. In 2006, economists Lisa George and <a href="/wiki/Joel_Waldfogel" title="Joel Waldfogel">Joel Waldfogel</a> examined the consequences of the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s national distribution strategy and audience with circulation of local newspapers, finding that local circulation decreased among college-educated readers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgeWaldfogel2006446_357-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgeWaldfogel2006446-357"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The effect of <i>The New York Times</i> in this manner was observed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forum_of_Fargo-Moorhead" title="The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead">The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead</a></i>, the newspaper of record for <a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo, North Dakota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgeWaldfogel2006435_358-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgeWaldfogel2006435-358"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>346<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a></i> founder <a href="/wiki/Jim_VandeHei" title="Jim VandeHei">Jim VandeHei</a> opined that the <i>Times</i> is "going to basically be a monopoly" in an opinion piece written by then-media columnist and former <i><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed News</a></i> editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Ben Smith</a>; in the article, Smith cites the strength of <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s journalistic workforce, broadening content, and the expropriation of <i><a href="/wiki/Gawker" title="Gawker">Gawker</a></i> editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Choire_Sicha" title="Choire Sicha">Choire Sicha</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Recode" title="Recode">Recode</a></i> editor-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Kara_Swisher" title="Kara Swisher">Kara Swisher</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a></i> editor-in-chief Kevin Delaney. Smith compared the <i>Times</i> to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a> during their <a href="/wiki/1927_New_York_Yankees_season" title="1927 New York Yankees season">1927 season</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Murderers%27_Row" title="Murderers&#39; Row">Murderers' Row</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2020a_359-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2020a-359"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_New_York_Times_controversies" title="List of The New York Times controversies">List of <i>The New York Times</i> controversies</a></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Criticism_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-criticism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criticism#Avoid_sections_and_articles_focusing_on_criticisms_or_controversies" title="Wikipedia:Criticism">"criticism" or "controversy" section</a> <b>may compromise the article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Article_structure" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">through discussion</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:The_New_York_Times" title="Talk:The New York Times">talk page</a>.</span>  <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"><span id="Israeli.E2.80.93Palestinian_conflict"></span>Israeli–Palestinian conflict</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Media coverage of the Israel–Hamas war">Media coverage of the Israel–Hamas war</a></div>
+<p><i>The New York Times</i> has received criticism for its coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFolkenflik2024_360-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFolkenflik2024-360"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>348<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the paper has been accused of holding both an anti-Palestinian<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnsonAli2024_361-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnsonAli2024-361"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>349<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and an anti-Israeli<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlterman2023_362-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlterman2023-362"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>350<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> bias. In April 2024, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i> reported that an internal memorandum from November 2023 instructed journalists to reduce using the terms "genocide" and "ethnic cleansing" and to avoid using the phrase "occupied territory" in the context of Palestinian land, Palestine except in rare circumstances, and the term "refugee camps" to describe areas of Gaza despite recognition from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. A spokesperson from the <i>Times</i> stated that issuing guidance was standard practice. An analysis by <i>The Intercept</i> noted that <i>The New York Times</i> described Israeli deaths as a massacre nearly sixty times, but had only described Palestinian deaths as a massacre once.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScahillGrim2024_363-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScahillGrim2024-363"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>351<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p><p>In December 2023, <i>The New York Times</i> published an investigation titled "<a href="/wiki/Screams_Without_Words" title="Screams Without Words">'Screams Without Words': How Hamas Weaponized Sexual Violence on Oct. 7</a>", alleging that <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> weaponized <a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_in_the_2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual and gender-based violence in the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">sexual and gender-based violence</a> during its <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">armed incursion on Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023_364-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023-364"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The investigation was the subject of an article from <i>The Intercept</i> questioning the journalistic acumen of <a href="/wiki/Anat_Schwartz" title="Anat Schwartz">Anat Schwartz</a>, a filmmaker involved in the inquiry who had no prior reporting experience and agreed with a post stating Israel should "violate any norm, on the way to victory", doubting the veracity of the opening claim that Gal Abdush was raped in a timespan disputed by her family, and alleging that the <i>Times</i> was pressured by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Accuracy_in_Middle_East_Reporting_in_America" title="Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America">Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScahillGrimBoguslaw2024_365-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScahillGrimBoguslaw2024-365"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>353<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> initiated an inquiry that received criticism from <a href="/wiki/NewsGuild-CWA" title="NewsGuild-CWA">NewsGuild</a> of New York president Susan DeCarava for purported racial targeting;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner2024a_366-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagner2024a-366"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>354<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the <i>Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s investigation concluded in ambiguity, but found that journalistic material was handled improperly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruell2024_367-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruell2024-367"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>355<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transgender_people">Transgender people</h3></div>
+<p><i>The New York Times</i> has received criticism regarding its coverage of <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> people. When it published an opinion piece by <a href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medicine" title="Weill Cornell Medicine">Weill Cornell Medicine</a> professor <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Friedman" title="Richard A. Friedman">Richard A. Friedman</a> called "How Changeable Is Gender?" in August 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015c_368-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015c-368"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s German Lopez criticized Friedman as suggesting that parents and doctors might be right in letting children suffer from severe dysphoria in case something changes down the line, and as implying that conversion therapy may work for transgender children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopez2015_369-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELopez2015-369"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>357<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In February 2023, nearly one thousand<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOladipo2023_370-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOladipo2023-370"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>358<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> current and former <i>Times</i> writers and contributors wrote an open letter addressed to standards editor Philip B. Corbett, criticizing the paper's coverage of transgender, <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">non⁠-⁠binary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gender-nonconforming" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-nonconforming">gender-nonconforming</a> people; some of the <i>Times'</i> articles have been cited in state legislatures attempting to justify criminalizing gender-affirming care.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein2023a_371-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein2023a-371"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>359<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Contributors wrote in the open letter that "the <i>Times</i> has in recent years treated <a href="/wiki/Gender_variance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender variance">gender diversity</a> with an eerily familiar mix of <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a> and euphemistic, charged language, while publishing reporting on <a href="/wiki/Transgender_youth" title="Transgender youth">trans children</a> that omits relevant information about its sources."<sup id="cite_ref-376" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-376"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>
+</p>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
+<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
+<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes 10,200,000 digital and 600,000 print subscribers.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also referred to as simply <i>The Times</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond2023_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond2023-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or the <i>NY Times</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampinotiFrehse2024_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampinotiFrehse2024-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> uses the domain nytimes.com.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2013_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2013-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attributed to multiple references: <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstowCraigBuettnerTwohey2016_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstowCraigBuettnerTwohey2016-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstowCraigBuettner2018_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstowCraigBuettner2018-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraigMcIntire2020_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraigMcIntire2020-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based in New Delhi, India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020c_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020c-164"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok,_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangkok, Thailand">Bangkok, Thailand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based in <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, Senegal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d-174"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1896, the <i>Times</i> endorsed <a href="/wiki/John_M._Palmer_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John M. Palmer (politician)">John M. Palmer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="National Democratic Party (United States)">National Democratic Party</a> nominee, its only endorsement for a candidate who is not a member of the Republican Party or the Democratic Party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdamsLouttitTaylor2016_190-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamsLouttitTaylor2016-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The national edition of <i>The New York Times</i> uses 11.5 inches (290&#160;mm) pages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016f_280-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016f-280"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-351"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attributed to multiple references: <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartinHansen19987_348-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartinHansen19987-348"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarz201229_349-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz201229-349"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESterling20091020_350-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESterling20091020-350"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-376"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attributed to multiple references: <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMigdon2023_372-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMigdon2023-372"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYurcaba2023_373-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYurcaba2023-373"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>361<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalish2023_374-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalish2023-374"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYang2023_375-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYang2023-375"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>363<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>
+</li>
+</ol></div></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;">
+<ol class="references">
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond2023-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond2023_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiamond2023">Diamond 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampinotiFrehse2024-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampinotiFrehse2024_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampinotiFrehse2024">Campinoti &amp; Frehse 2024</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2013-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2013_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2013">Lee 2013</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger19514-5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger19514-5_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;4-5.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger19517-9-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger19517-9_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;7-9.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis192156-57-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis192156-57_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1921">Davis 1921</a>, p.&#160;56-57.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195132-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195132_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;32.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195121-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195121_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;21.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195135-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195135_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;35.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195144-51-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195144-51_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;44-51.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1921167-168-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1921167-168_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1921">Davis 1921</a>, p.&#160;167-168.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1921170-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1921170_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1921">Davis 1921</a>, p.&#160;170.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1921171-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1921171_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1921">Davis 1921</a>, p.&#160;171.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951105-110-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951105-110_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;105-110.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951153-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951153_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;153.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1921250-252-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1921250-252_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1921">Davis 1921</a>, p.&#160;250-252.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951193-197-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951193-197_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;193-197.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951250-252-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951250-252_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;250-252.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951403-409-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951403-409_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;403-409.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951422-423-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951422-423_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;422-423.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951369-372-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951369-372_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;369-372.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951412-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951412_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;412.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951433-436-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951433-436_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;433-436.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951446-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951446_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;446.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951493-495-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951493-495_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;493-495.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2015b-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2015b_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2015b">Dunlap 2015b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951510-515-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951510-515_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;510-515.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951522-523-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951522-523_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;522-523.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951541-542-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951541-542_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;541-542.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981289-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981289_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalese1981">Talese 1981</a>, p.&#160;289.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese198127-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese198127_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalese1981">Talese 1981</a>, p.&#160;27.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981343-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981343_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalese1981">Talese 1981</a>, p.&#160;343.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981364-368-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981364-368_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalese1981">Talese 1981</a>, p.&#160;364-368.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981396-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981396_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalese1981">Talese 1981</a>, p.&#160;396.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981380-383-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981380-383_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalese1981">Talese 1981</a>, p.&#160;380-383.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981403-405-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981403-405_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalese1981">Talese 1981</a>, p.&#160;403-405.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017c-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017c_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2017c">Dunlap 2017c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiptak2021-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiptak2021_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiptak2021">Liptak 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalese1981545-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalese1981545_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalese1981">Talese 1981</a>, p.&#160;545.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChokshi2017-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChokshi2017_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChokshi2017">Chokshi 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009166-169-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009166-169_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhelps2009">Phelps 2009</a>, p.&#160;166-169.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009186-187-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009186-187_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhelps2009">Phelps 2009</a>, p.&#160;186-187.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009191-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009191_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhelps2009">Phelps 2009</a>, p.&#160;191.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009189-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhelps2009189_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhelps2009">Phelps 2009</a>, p.&#160;189.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney202322-24-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney202322-24_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;22-24.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2015a-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2015a_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2015a">Dunlap 2015a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDewar1978-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDewar1978_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDewar1978">Dewar 1978</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStetson1978-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStetson1978_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStetson1978">Stetson 1978</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney202354-56-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney202354-56_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;54-56.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023131-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023131_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;131.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023146-148-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023146-148_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;146-148.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017a-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017a_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2017a">Dunlap 2017a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023173-175-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023173-175_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;173-175.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023181-182-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023181-182_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;181-182.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarhi2015-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarhi2015_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarhi2015">Farhi 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023186-190-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023186-190_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;186-190.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023221-222-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023221-222_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;221-222.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023249-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023249_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;249.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin200461-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin200461_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMnookin2004">Mnookin 2004</a>, p.&#160;61.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023255-256-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023255-256_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;255-256.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023276-278-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023276-278_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;276-278.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023281-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023281_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;281.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2013a-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2013a_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2013a">Sullivan 2013a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004171-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004171_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMnookin2004">Mnookin 2004</a>, p.&#160;171.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004183-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004183_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMnookin2004">Mnookin 2004</a>, p.&#160;183.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004210-212-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004210-212_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMnookin2004">Mnookin 2004</a>, p.&#160;210-212.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004217-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMnookin2004217_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMnookin2004">Mnookin 2004</a>, p.&#160;217.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023340-343-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023340-343_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;340-343.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023354-355-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023354-355_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;354-355.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023361-363-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023361-363_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;361-363.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023374-376-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023374-376_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;374-376.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023378-381-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023378-381_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;378-381.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023382-383-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023382-383_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;382-383.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmer2010-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmer2010_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTimmer2010">Timmer 2010</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023398-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023398_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;398.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023401-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023401_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;401.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023413-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023413_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;413.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023414-416-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023414-416_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;414-416.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrSomaiya2014-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarrSomaiya2014_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarrSomaiya2014">Carr &amp; Somaiya 2014</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirby2017-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirby2017_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirby2017">Kirby 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan202239-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan202239_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2022">Sullivan 2022</a>, p.&#160;39.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmidt2015-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmidt2015_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmidt2015">Schmidt 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssociated_Press2016-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssociated_Press2016_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAssociated_Press2016">Associated Press 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavisGrynbaum2017-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavisGrynbaum2017_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavisGrynbaum2017">Davis &amp; Grynbaum 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKantorTwohey2017-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKantorTwohey2017_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKantorTwohey2017">Kantor &amp; Twohey 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaiGrady2020-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaiGrady2020_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPaiGrady2020">Pai &amp; Grady 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiaz2022b-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiaz2022b_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiaz2022b">Diaz 2022b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECBS_News2017-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECBS_News2017_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCBS_News2017">CBS News 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVictor2017-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVictor2017_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVictor2017">Victor 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmidt2017-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmidt2017_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmidt2017">Schmidt 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmber2017b-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmber2017b_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmber2017b_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmber2017b">Ember 2017b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStelter2018-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStelter2018_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStelter2018">Stelter 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShear2020-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShear2020_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShear2020">Shear 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeQuealy2016-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeQuealy2016_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeQuealy2016">Lee &amp; Quealy 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarhi2019-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarhi2019_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarhi2019">Farhi 2019</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstowCraigBuettnerTwohey2016-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstowCraigBuettnerTwohey2016_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarstowCraigBuettnerTwohey2016">Barstow et al. 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarstowCraigBuettner2018-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarstowCraigBuettner2018_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarstowCraigBuettner2018">Barstow, Craig &amp; Buettner 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraigMcIntire2020-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuettnerCraigMcIntire2020_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuettnerCraigMcIntire2020">Buettner, Craig &amp; McIntire 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamsFehr2021-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamsFehr2021_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliamsFehr2021">Williams &amp; Fehr 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrippe2020-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrippe2020_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrippe2020">Grippe 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatel2023-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatel2023_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatel2023_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatel2023">Patel 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKafka2022a-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKafka2022a_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKafka2022a">Kafka 2022a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger195131-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger195131_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;31.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951105-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951105_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;105.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1935-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1935_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1935">The New York Times 1935</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1968-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1968_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1968">The New York Times 1968</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1963-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1963_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1963">The New York Times 1963</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaberman2012-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaberman2012_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaberman2012">Haberman 2012</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2022a-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2022a_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrynbaum2022a">Grynbaum 2022a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrynbaumWindolf2022-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrynbaumWindolf2022_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrynbaumWindolf2022">Grynbaum &amp; Windolf 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruell2023b-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruell2023b_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruell2023b">Bruell 2023b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonKoblin2023-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonKoblin2023_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertsonKoblin2023">Robertson &amp; Koblin 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManjoo2023-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManjoo2023_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManjoo2023">Manjoo 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGallogly2023-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGallogly2023_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGallogly2023">Gallogly 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015b-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015b_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015b_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2015b">The New York Times 2015b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarago2022-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarago2022_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarago2022">Farago 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022b-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022b_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2022b">The New York Times 2022b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENocera2012-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENocera2012_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNocera2012">Nocera 2012</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkerFontanella-Khan2022-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarkerFontanella-Khan2022_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarkerFontanella-Khan2022">Barker &amp; Fontanella-Khan 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllison2007-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllison2007_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllison2007">Ellison 2007</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2020-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2020_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2020">Lee 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2023-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2023_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2023">Fischer 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022a-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022a_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2022a">The New York Times 2022a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECalame2007-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECalame2007_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalame2007">Calame 2007</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2018a-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2018a_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2018a">The New York Times 2018a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1999-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1999_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1999">The New York Times 1999</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore2021-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore2021_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore2021">Moore 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023c-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023c_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023c">The New York Times Company 2023c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022a-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022a_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022a">The New York Times Company 2022a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l_133-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l_133-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l">The New York Times Company 2022l</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019d-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019d_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019d">The New York Times Company 2019d</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKorach2023-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorach2023_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKorach2023">Korach 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021h-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021h_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021h">The New York Times Company 2021h</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021g-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021g_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021g">The New York Times Company 2021g</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b">The New York Times Company 2022b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022e-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022e_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022e">The New York Times Company 2022e</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020b-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020b_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020b">The New York Times Company 2020b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021c-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021c_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021c">The New York Times Company 2021c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f_142-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f_142-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f_142-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f">The New York Times Company 2020f</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2024b-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2024b_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2024b">The New York Times Company 2024b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021b-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021b_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021b">The New York Times Company 2021b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022g-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022g_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022g">The New York Times Company 2022g</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022i-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022i_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022i">The New York Times Company 2022i</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020e-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020e_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020e">The New York Times Company 2020e</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021d-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021d_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021d">The New York Times Company 2021d</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019a-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019a_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019a">The New York Times Company 2019a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022h-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022h_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022h">The New York Times Company 2022h</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazzei2021-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazzei2021_152-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMazzei2021">Mazzei 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b_153-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b_153-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b">The New York Times Company 2023b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022j-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022j_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022j">The New York Times Company 2022j</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019c-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019c_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019c">The New York Times Company 2019c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023a-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023a_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023a">The New York Times Company 2023a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020d-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020d_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020d">The New York Times Company 2020d</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k">The New York Times Company 2022k</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2017a-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2017a_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2017a">The New York Times Company 2017a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnight2023-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnight2023_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnight2023">Knight 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019b-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2019b_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019b">The New York Times Company 2019b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020c-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020c_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020c">The New York Times Company 2020c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021e-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021e_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021e">The New York Times Company 2021e</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f_167-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f_167-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f">The New York Times Company 2021f</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeo2022-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeo2022_169-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeo2022">Seo 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2024a-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2024a_170-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2024a">The New York Times Company 2024a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETakenaga2019-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETakenaga2019_171-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTakenaga2019">Takenaga 2019</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022c-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022c_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022c">The New York Times Company 2022c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021a-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2021a_173-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021a">The New York Times Company 2021a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d_174-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d_174-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d">The New York Times Company 2022d</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennet2020-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennet2020_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennet2020">Bennet 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1922-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1922_177-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1922">The New York Times 1922</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1937-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1937_178-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1937">The New York Times 1937</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1938-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1938_179-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1938">The New York Times 1938</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcQuiston1977-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcQuiston1977_180-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcQuiston1977">McQuiston 1977</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFadden2001a-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFadden2001a_181-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcFadden2001a">McFadden 2001a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1986-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times1986_182-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1986">The New York Times 1986</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2017-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2017_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts2017">Roberts 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcFadden2001b-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcFadden2001b_184-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcFadden2001b">McFadden 2001b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeelye2006-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeelye2006_185-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeelye2006">Seelye 2006</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016b-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016b_186-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016b_186-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2016b">Dunlap 2016b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETracy2020-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETracy2020_187-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTracy2020">Tracy 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2018b-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2018b_188-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2018b">The New York Times 2018b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETracy2021-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETracy2021_189-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTracy2021">Tracy 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdamsLouttitTaylor2016-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdamsLouttitTaylor2016_190-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdamsLouttitTaylor2016_190-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdamsLouttitTaylor2016">Adams, Louttit &amp; Taylor 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Editorial_Board2020-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Editorial_Board2020_191-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Editorial_Board2020">The Editorial Board 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliamson2016-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliamson2016_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliamson2016">Williamson 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertsonFandos2024-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertsonFandos2024_194-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertsonFandos2024">Robertson &amp; Fandos 2024</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFu2021-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFu2021_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFu2021">Fu 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerger1951496-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerger1951496_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerger1951">Berger 1951</a>, p.&#160;496.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIzadi2022-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIzadi2022_197-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIzadi2022">Izadi 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmber2017a-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmber2017a_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmber2017a">Ember 2017a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022c-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2022c_199-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2022c">The New York Times 2022c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCreesh2022-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCreesh2022_200-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCreesh2022">McCreesh 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2023a-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2023a_201-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2023a">Robertson 2023a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2022-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2022_202-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2022">Robertson 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagner2024b-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner2024b_203-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWagner2024b">Wagner 2024b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2024-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2024_204-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2024">Robertson 2024</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Visé2022-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Visé2022_205-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Visé2022_205-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Visé2022">de Visé 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson2023b-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson2023b_206-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2023b">Robertson 2023b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKafkaMolla2017-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKafkaMolla2017_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKafkaMolla2017">Kafka &amp; Molla 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKafka2022b-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKafka2022b_208-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKafka2022b">Kafka 2022b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESorkin2011-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESorkin2011_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSorkin2011">Sorkin 2011</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDealBook2006-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDealBook2006_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDealBook2006">DealBook 2006</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnett2010-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnett2010_211-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarnett2010">Barnett 2010</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2023-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2023_212-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2023_212-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2023">The New York Times 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2020-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2020_213-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2020">The New York Times 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESorkin_et_al.2021-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESorkin_et_al.2021_214-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSorkin_et_al.2021">Sorkin et al. 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarantz2022-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarantz2022_215-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarantz2022">Marantz 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2022-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2022_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2022">Kim 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStelter2010-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStelter2010_217-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStelter2010">Stelter 2010</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilver2010-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilver2010_218-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilver2010">Silver 2010</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarr2011-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarr2011_219-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarr2011">Carr 2011</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETracy2012-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETracy2012_220-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTracy2012">Tracy 2012</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStelter2013-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStelter2013_221-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStelter2013">Stelter 2013</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2013b-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2013b_222-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2013b">Sullivan 2013b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETracy2013-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETracy2013_223-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTracy2013">Tracy 2013</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDuling2014-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDuling2014_224-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDuling2014">McDuling 2014</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeonhardt2014-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeonhardt2014_225-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeonhardt2014">Leonhardt 2014</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2015-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2015_226-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2015">Wilson 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2020-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2020_227-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2020">Wilson 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2016-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2016_228-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2016">The New York Times Company 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022f-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2022f_229-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022f">The New York Times Company 2022f</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENagourney2023464-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENagourney2023464_230-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNagourney2023">Nagourney 2023</a>, p.&#160;464.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShepard1992-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShepard1992_231-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShepard1992">Shepard 1992</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHesser2010a-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHesser2010a_232-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHesser2010a">Hesser 2010a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHesser2010b1-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHesser2010b1_233-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHesser2010b">Hesser 2010b</a>, p.&#160;1.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDisis2018-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDisis2018_234-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDisis2018_234-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDisis2018_234-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDisis2018">Disis 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2010-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuters2010_235-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuters2010">Reuters 2010</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2014-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2014_236-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2014_236-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2014">Wilson 2014</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2016-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2016_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2016">Smith 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGapper2022-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGapper2022_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGapper2022">Gapper 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFittsEddy2023-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFittsEddy2023_239-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFittsEddy2023">Fitts &amp; Eddy 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2019-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein2019_240-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinstein2019">Weinstein 2019</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOpam2016-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOpam2016_241-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOpam2016">Opam 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaddon2018-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaddon2018_242-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaddon2018">Haddon 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChan2022-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChan2022_243-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChan2022">Chan 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2009-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2009_244-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2009">The New York Times 2009</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsimov2021-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsimov2021_245-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAsimov2021">Asimov 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen2014-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen2014_246-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen2014">Allen 2014</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVincent2018-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVincent2018_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVincent2018">Vincent 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotlerSandhaus2016-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotlerSandhaus2016_248-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCotlerSandhaus2016">Cotler &amp; Sandhaus 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChayka2019-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChayka2019_249-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChayka2019">Chayka 2019</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVnenchak2014-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVnenchak2014_250-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVnenchak2014">Vnenchak 2014</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers2012-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers2012_251-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyers2012">Myers 2012</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2017-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2017_252-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2017_252-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2017">Miller 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds2018-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds2018_253-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds2018">Edmonds 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECiocca2018-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECiocca2018_254-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCiocca2018">Ciocca 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECioccaSisson2019-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECioccaSisson2019_255-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCioccaSisson2019">Ciocca &amp; Sisson 2019</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKallaur2016-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKallaur2016_256-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKallaur2016">Kallaur 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBranign2023-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBranign2023_257-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBranign2023">Branign 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevens2022-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevens2022_258-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStevens2022">Stevens 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadnaniChambers2020-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadnaniChambers2020_259-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadnaniChambers2020_259-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPadnaniChambers2020">Padnani &amp; Chambers 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonner2011-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonner2011_260-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBonner2011">Bonner 2011</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett2017-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett2017_261-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbett2017">Corbett 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECorbett2015-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECorbett2015_262-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCorbett2015">Corbett 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBagli2016-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBagli2016_263-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBagli2016">Bagli 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESanneh2007-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESanneh2007_264-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSanneh2007">Sanneh 2007</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStolberg2004-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStolberg2004_265-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStolberg2004">Stolberg 2004</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerszenhorn2010-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerszenhorn2010_266-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerszenhorn2010">Herszenhorn 2010</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEskin2016-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEskin2016_267-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEskin2016">Eskin 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaFrance2017-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaFrance2017_268-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaFrance2017">LaFrance 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2018-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2018_269-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrynbaum2018">Grynbaum 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiaz2022a-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiaz2022a_270-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiaz2022a">Diaz 2022a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHiltner2017b-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHiltner2017b_271-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHiltner2017b">Hiltner 2017b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChiu2019-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChiu2019_272-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChiu2019">Chiu 2019</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBulik2016-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBulik2016_273-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBulik2016">Bulik 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESymonds2017-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESymonds2017_274-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSymonds2017">Symonds 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017b-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2017b_275-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2017b">Dunlap 2017b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023c-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023c_276-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2023c">Dunlap 2023c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2014c-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2014c_277-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2014c">Dunlap 2014c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023a-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023a_278-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2023a">Dunlap 2023a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen2014-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen2014_279-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosen2014">Rosen 2014</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016f-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016f_280-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016f_280-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2016f">Dunlap 2016f</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters1985-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuters1985_282-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuters1985">Reuters 1985</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020a22-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2020a22_283-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020a">The New York Times Company 2020a</a>, p.&#160;22.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErnstVecsey2020-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErnstVecsey2020_284-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErnstVecsey2020">Ernst &amp; Vecsey 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESondern2021-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESondern2021_285-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSondern2021">Sondern 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016e-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016e_286-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2016e">Dunlap 2016e</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfarb2015-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldfarb2015_287-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldfarb2015_287-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldfarb2015">Goldfarb 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETompkins2015-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETompkins2015_288-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTompkins2015">Tompkins 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson2015-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson2015_289-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNelson2015">Nelson 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKludt2015-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKludt2015_290-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKludt2015">Kludt 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeterson1997-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeterson1997_291-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeterson1997">Peterson 1997</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeKoppelQuick2017-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeKoppelQuick2017_292-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeeKoppelQuick2017">Lee, Koppel &amp; Quick 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Syckle2018-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Syckle2018_293-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Syckle2018">Van Syckle 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023b-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2023b_294-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2023b">Dunlap 2023b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016d-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunlap2016d_295-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunlap2016d">Dunlap 2016d</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEApcar2006-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApcar2006_296-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFApcar2006">Apcar 2006</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2008-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2008_297-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillis2008">Willis 2008</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNulty2008-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNulty2008_298-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNulty2008">McNulty 2008</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChittum2010-299"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChittum2010_299-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChittum2010">Chittum 2010</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESorrel2010-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESorrel2010_300-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSorrel2010">Sorrel 2010</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchramm2011-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchramm2011_301-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchramm2011">Schramm 2011</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeater2012a-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeater2012a_302-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeater2012a">Heater 2012a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeater2012b-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeater2012b_303-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeater2012b">Heater 2012b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTED&#39;Orazio2013-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTED&#39;Orazio2013_304-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFD&#39;Orazio2013">D'Orazio 2013</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2014b-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2014b_305-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeyer2014b">Meyer 2014b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2014-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2014_306-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2014">Williams 2014</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneier2020-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneier2020_307-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneier2020_307-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchneier2020">Schneier 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBisley2017-308"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBisley2017_308-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBisley2017">Bisley 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul2015-309"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul2015_309-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPaul2015">Paul 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuah2022-310"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuah2022_310-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuah2022">Quah 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbaro2017-311"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarbaro2017_311-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarbaro2017">Barbaro 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2021-312"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2021_312-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2021">Smith 2021</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhalid2023-313"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhalid2023_313-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKhalid2023">Khalid 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGómez-Garcíade_la_Hera_Conde-Pumpido2023451-314"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGómez-Garcíade_la_Hera_Conde-Pumpido2023451_314-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGómez-Garcíade_la_Hera_Conde-Pumpido2023">Gómez-García &amp; de la Hera Conde-Pumpido 2023</a>, p.&#160;451.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUsher2014150-315"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUsher2014150_315-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUsher2014">Usher 2014</a>, p.&#160;150.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmlen2020-316"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmlen2020_316-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmlen2020">Amlen 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELippman2020-317"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELippman2020_317-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLippman2020">Lippman 2020</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESarkar2019-318"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarkar2019_318-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSarkar2019">Sarkar 2019</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023d-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times_Company2023d_319-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023d">The New York Times Company 2023d</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris2023-320"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris2023_320-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris2023">Morris 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeters2023c-321"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeters2023c_321-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeters2023c">Peters 2023c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevine2024-322"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevine2024_322-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevine2024">Levine 2024</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPisani2022-323"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPisani2022_323-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPisani2022">Pisani 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein2023d-324"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein2023d_324-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein2023d_324-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlein2023d">Klein 2023d</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruell2023a-325"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruell2023a_325-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruell2023a">Bruell 2023a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMachkovech2022-326"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMachkovech2022_326-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMachkovech2022">Machkovech 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukherjeeDatta2022-327"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukherjeeDatta2022_327-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMukherjeeDatta2022">Mukherjee &amp; Datta 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHollister2022-328"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHollister2022_328-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHollister2022">Hollister 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarpenter2022-329"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarpenter2022_329-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarpenter2022">Carpenter 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHicks2022-330"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHicks2022_330-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHicks2022">Hicks 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrland2023-331"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrland2023_331-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOrland2023">Orland 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrland2022-332"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrland2022_332-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOrland2022">Orland 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllison2022-333"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllison2022_333-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllison2022">Ellison 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolgreen2016-334"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolgreen2016_334-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPolgreen2016">Polgreen 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYu2016-335"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYu2016_335-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYu2016">Yu 2016</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArchibold2018-336"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArchibold2018_336-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArchibold2018">Archibold 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudasoff2019-337"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudasoff2019_337-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBudasoff2019">Budasoff 2019</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcGinley2023-338"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcGinley2023_338-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcGinley2023">McGinley 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENarea2019-339"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENarea2019_339-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNarea2019">Narea 2019</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEValdeón2023-340"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEValdeón2023_340-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFValdeón2023">Valdeón 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaughney2012-341"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaughney2012_341-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaughney2012">Haughney 2012</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradsher2012-342"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher2012_342-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradsher2012_342-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBradsher2012">Bradsher 2012</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2022b-343"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrynbaum2022b_343-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrynbaum2022b">Grynbaum 2022b</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoodin2015-344"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoodin2015_344-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoodin2015">Goodin 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBennerWee2017-345"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBennerWee2017_345-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBennerWee2017">Benner &amp; Wee 2017</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAx2023-346"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAx2023_346-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAx2023">Ax 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFolkenflik2022-347"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFolkenflik2022_347-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFolkenflik2022">Folkenflik 2022</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartinHansen19987-348"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartinHansen19987_348-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartinHansen1998">Martin &amp; Hansen 1998</a>, p.&#160;7.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz201229-349"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarz201229_349-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchwarz2012">Schwarz 2012</a>, p.&#160;29.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESterling20091020-350"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESterling20091020_350-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSterling2009">Sterling 2009</a>, p.&#160;1020.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommunications_and_Digital_Committee2008123-352"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommunications_and_Digital_Committee2008123_352-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommunications_and_Digital_Committee2008">Communications and Digital Committee 2008</a>, p.&#160;123.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHicksWang2013-353"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHicksWang2013_353-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHicksWang2013">Hicks &amp; Wang 2013</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETimmer2023-354"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETimmer2023_354-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTimmer2023">Timmer 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorman2023-355"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorman2023_355-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorman2023">Norman 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESullivan2018-356"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESullivan2018_356-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSullivan2018">Sullivan 2018</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgeWaldfogel2006446-357"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgeWaldfogel2006446_357-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorgeWaldfogel2006">George &amp; Waldfogel 2006</a>, p.&#160;446.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorgeWaldfogel2006435-358"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorgeWaldfogel2006435_358-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorgeWaldfogel2006">George &amp; Waldfogel 2006</a>, p.&#160;435.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2020a-359"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2020a_359-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2020a">Smith 2020a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFolkenflik2024-360"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFolkenflik2024_360-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFolkenflik2024">Folkenflik 2024</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnsonAli2024-361"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnsonAli2024_361-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnsonAli2024">Johnson &amp; Ali 2024</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlterman2023-362"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlterman2023_362-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlterman2023">Alterman 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScahillGrim2024-363"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScahillGrim2024_363-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScahillGrim2024">Scahill &amp; Grim 2024</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023-364"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl_Jazeera2023_364-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023">Al Jazeera 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScahillGrimBoguslaw2024-365"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScahillGrimBoguslaw2024_365-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScahillGrimBoguslaw2024">Scahill, Grim &amp; Boguslaw 2024</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagner2024a-366"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagner2024a_366-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWagner2024a">Wagner 2024a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruell2024-367"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruell2024_367-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruell2024">Bruell 2024</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015c-368"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_New_York_Times2015c_368-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2015c">The New York Times 2015c</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELopez2015-369"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopez2015_369-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLopez2015">Lopez 2015</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOladipo2023-370"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOladipo2023_370-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOladipo2023">Oladipo 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlein2023a-371"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlein2023a_371-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlein2023a">Klein 2023a</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMigdon2023-372"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMigdon2023_372-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMigdon2023">Migdon 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYurcaba2023-373"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYurcaba2023_373-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYurcaba2023">Yurcaba 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalish2023-374"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalish2023_374-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKalish2023">Kalish 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYang2023-375"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYang2023_375-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYang2023">Yang 2023</a>.</span>
+</li>
+</ol></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_New_York_Times"><i>The New York Times</i></h4></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAdamsLouttitTaylor2016" class="citation web cs1">Adams, Taylor; Louttit, Meghan; Taylor, Rumsey (September 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/23/opinion/presidential-endorsement-timeline.html">"New York Times Endorsements Through the Ages"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231224163555/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/09/23/opinion/presidential-endorsement-timeline.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Endorsements+Through+the+Ages&amp;rft.date=2016-09-23&amp;rft.aulast=Adams&amp;rft.aufirst=Taylor&amp;rft.au=Louttit%2C+Meghan&amp;rft.au=Taylor%2C+Rumsey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2016%2F09%2F23%2Fopinion%2Fpresidential-endorsement-timeline.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2014" class="citation web cs1">Allen, Erika (May 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2014/05/20/news-gets-new-life-when-exhumed-from-the-morgue/">"News Gets New Life When Exhumed From the Morgue"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727054049/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2014/05/20/news-gets-new-life-when-exhumed-from-the-morgue/">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=News+Gets+New+Life+When+Exhumed+From+the+Morgue&amp;rft.date=2014-05-20&amp;rft.aulast=Allen&amp;rft.aufirst=Erika&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Ftimes-insider%2F2014%2F05%2F20%2Fnews-gets-new-life-when-exhumed-from-the-morgue%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmlen2020" class="citation web cs1">Amlen, Deb (October 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/16/crosswords/spellingbee-puzzles.html">"The Genius of Spelling Bee"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115082749/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/16/crosswords/spellingbee-puzzles.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+Genius+of+Spelling+Bee&amp;rft.date=2020-10-16&amp;rft.aulast=Amlen&amp;rft.aufirst=Deb&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F10%2F16%2Fcrosswords%2Fspellingbee-puzzles.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApcar2006" class="citation web cs1">Apcar, Leonard (April 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416101311/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/02/business/02ednote.html?8dpc">"A Letter to Our Readers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/02/business/02ednote.html?8dpc">the original</a> on April 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Letter+to+Our+Readers&amp;rft.date=2006-04-02&amp;rft.aulast=Apcar&amp;rft.aufirst=Leonard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F04%2F02%2Fbusiness%2F02ednote.html%3F8dpc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchibold2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Randal_C._Archibold" title="Randal C. Archibold">Archibold, Randal</a> (June 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/23/insider/mexico-world-cup-spanish-accent-marks.html">"World Cup Soccer's Spanish Accent Mark: For Mexico and a Times Editor, It's a Win-Win"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191130162931/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/23/insider/mexico-world-cup-spanish-accent-marks.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=World+Cup+Soccer%27s+Spanish+Accent+Mark%3A+For+Mexico+and+a+Times+Editor%2C+It%27s+a+Win-Win&amp;rft.date=2018-06-23&amp;rft.aulast=Archibold&amp;rft.aufirst=Randal&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F06%2F23%2Finsider%2Fmexico-world-cup-spanish-accent-marks.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Asimov" title="Eric Asimov">Asimov, Eric</a> (May 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/10/dining/drinks/wine-clubs.html">"So You're Thinking About Joining a Wine Club ..."</a> <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190624/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/10/dining/drinks/wine-clubs.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=So+You%27re+Thinking+About+Joining+a+Wine+Club+...&amp;rft.date=2021-05-10&amp;rft.aulast=Asimov&amp;rft.aufirst=Eric&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F05%2F10%2Fdining%2Fdrinks%2Fwine-clubs.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagli1999" class="citation web cs1">Bagli, Charles (October 14, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/14/nyregion/times-is-said-to-consider-a-new-tower.html">"Times Is Said to Consider a New Tower"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001152831/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/14/nyregion/times-is-said-to-consider-a-new-tower.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Times+Is+Said+to+Consider+a+New+Tower&amp;rft.date=1999-10-14&amp;rft.aulast=Bagli&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F10%2F14%2Fnyregion%2Ftimes-is-said-to-consider-a-new-tower.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBagli2016" class="citation web cs1">Bagli, Charles (June 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/insider/why-do-we-call-him-donald-j-trump.html">"Why Do We Call Him Donald J. Trump?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114170604/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/insider/why-do-we-call-him-donald-j-trump.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Do+We+Call+Him+Donald+J.+Trump%3F&amp;rft.date=2016-06-14&amp;rft.aulast=Bagli&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F14%2Finsider%2Fwhy-do-we-call-him-donald-j-trump.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbaro2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barbaro" title="Michael Barbaro">Barbaro, Michael</a> (February 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/podcasts/the-daily-gorsuch-supreme-court.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Daily': Making Sense of the Gorsuch Pick"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131212346/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/podcasts/the-daily-gorsuch-supreme-court.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=%27The+Daily%27%3A+Making+Sense+of+the+Gorsuch+Pick&amp;rft.date=2017-02-01&amp;rft.aulast=Barbaro&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F02%2F01%2Fpodcasts%2Fthe-daily-gorsuch-supreme-court.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarstowCraigBuettnerTwohey2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Barstow" title="David Barstow">Barstow, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Craig" title="Susanne Craig">Craig, Susanne</a>; <a href="/wiki/Russ_Buettner" title="Russ Buettner">Buettner, Russ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Megan_Twohey" title="Megan Twohey">Twohey, Megan</a> (October 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html">"Donald Trump Tax Records Show He Could Have Avoided Taxes for Nearly Two Decades, The Times Found"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002231304/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Tax+Records+Show+He+Could+Have+Avoided+Taxes+for+Nearly+Two+Decades%2C+The+Times+Found&amp;rft.date=2016-10-02&amp;rft.aulast=Barstow&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.au=Craig%2C+Susanne&amp;rft.au=Buettner%2C+Russ&amp;rft.au=Twohey%2C+Megan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F10%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-taxes.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarstowCraigBuettner2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Barstow" title="David Barstow">Barstow, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Craig" title="Susanne Craig">Craig, Susanne</a>; <a href="/wiki/Russ_Buettner" title="Russ Buettner">Buettner, Russ</a> (October 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html">"Trump Engaged in Suspect Tax Schemes as He Reaped Riches From His Father"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526034238/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/02/us/politics/donald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Trump+Engaged+in+Suspect+Tax+Schemes+as+He+Reaped+Riches+From+His+Father&amp;rft.date=2018-10-02&amp;rft.aulast=Barstow&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.au=Craig%2C+Susanne&amp;rft.au=Buettner%2C+Russ&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2018%2F10%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-tax-schemes-fred-trump.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennerWee2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Katie_Benner" title="Katie Benner">Benner, Katie</a>; Wee, Sui-Lee (January 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/04/business/media/new-york-times-apps-apple-china.html">"Apple Removes New York Times Apps From Its Store in China"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240109224553/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/04/business/media/new-york-times-apps-apple-china.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Apple+Removes+New+York+Times+Apps+From+Its+Store+in+China&amp;rft.date=2017-01-04&amp;rft.aulast=Benner&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft.au=Wee%2C+Sui-Lee&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F01%2F04%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-apps-apple-china.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennet2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Bennet_(journalist)" title="James Bennet (journalist)">Bennet, James</a> (January 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/13/reader-center/editorial-board-explainer.html">"What Is an Editorial Board?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115083221/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/13/reader-center/editorial-board-explainer.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=What+Is+an+Editorial+Board%3F&amp;rft.date=2020-01-13&amp;rft.aulast=Bennet&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F01%2F13%2Freader-center%2Feditorial-board-explainer.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradsher2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Bradsher" title="Keith Bradsher">Bradsher, Keith</a> (October 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/26/world/asia/china-blocks-web-access-to-new-york-times.html">"China Blocks Web Access to Times After Article"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240109224606/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/26/world/asia/china-blocks-web-access-to-new-york-times.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=China+Blocks+Web+Access+to+Times+After+Article&amp;rft.date=2012-10-25&amp;rft.aulast=Bradsher&amp;rft.aufirst=Keith&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F10%2F26%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-blocks-web-access-to-new-york-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudasoff2019" class="citation web cs1">Budasoff, Eliezer (July 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/04/reader-center/new-york-times-spanish-translate.html">"How Do You Say 'The New York Times' in Spanish?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105175800/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/04/reader-center/new-york-times-spanish-translate.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+Do+You+Say+%27The+New+York+Times%27+in+Spanish%3F&amp;rft.date=2019-07-04&amp;rft.aulast=Budasoff&amp;rft.aufirst=Eliezer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F07%2F04%2Freader-center%2Fnew-york-times-spanish-translate.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuettnerCraigMcIntire2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Russ_Buettner" title="Russ Buettner">Buettner, Russ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Craig" title="Susanne Craig">Craig, Susanne</a>; McIntire, Mike (September 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/09/27/us/donald-trump-taxes.html">"Long-Concealed Records Show Trump's Chronic Losses and Years of Tax Avoidance"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927211558/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/09/27/us/donald-trump-taxes.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Long-Concealed+Records+Show+Trump%27s+Chronic+Losses+and+Years+of+Tax+Avoidance&amp;rft.date=2020-09-27&amp;rft.aulast=Buettner&amp;rft.aufirst=Russ&amp;rft.au=Craig%2C+Susanne&amp;rft.au=McIntire%2C+Mike&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2020%2F09%2F27%2Fus%2Fdonald-trump-taxes.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulik2016" class="citation web cs1">Bulik, Mark (June 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/13/insider/which-headlines-attract-most-readers.html">"Which Headlines Attract Most Readers?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723014624/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/13/insider/which-headlines-attract-most-readers.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Which+Headlines+Attract+Most+Readers%3F&amp;rft.date=2016-06-13&amp;rft.aulast=Bulik&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F13%2Finsider%2Fwhich-headlines-attract-most-readers.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalame2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Byron_Calame" title="Byron Calame">Calame, Byron</a> (May 4, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/05/04/the-guidelines-on-our-integrity-from-1999-are-worth-a-look/">"The 'Guidelines on Our Integrity' from 1999 Are Worth a Look"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231215155143/https://archive.nytimes.com/publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/05/04/the-guidelines-on-our-integrity-from-1999-are-worth-a-look/">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+%27Guidelines+on+Our+Integrity%27+from+1999+Are+Worth+a+Look&amp;rft.date=2007-05-04&amp;rft.aulast=Calame&amp;rft.aufirst=Byron&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fpubliceditor.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F05%2F04%2Fthe-guidelines-on-our-integrity-from-1999-are-worth-a-look%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Carr_(journalist)" title="David Carr (journalist)">Carr, David</a> (September 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/12/business/media/news-consumption-tilts-toward-niche-sites.html">"News Trends Tilt Toward Niche Sites"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309093326/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/12/business/media/news-consumption-tilts-toward-niche-sites.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=News+Trends+Tilt+Toward+Niche+Sites&amp;rft.date=2011-09-11&amp;rft.aulast=Carr&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F09%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnews-consumption-tilts-toward-niche-sites.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrSomaiya2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Carr_(journalist)" title="David Carr (journalist)">Carr, David</a>; Somaiya, Ravi (May 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/15/business/media/jill-abramson-being-replaced-as-top-editor-at-times.html">"Times Ousts Jill Abramson as Executive Editor, Elevating Dean Baquet"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231108065749/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/15/business/media/jill-abramson-being-replaced-as-top-editor-at-times.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Times+Ousts+Jill+Abramson+as+Executive+Editor%2C+Elevating+Dean+Baquet&amp;rft.date=2014-05-14&amp;rft.aulast=Carr&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.au=Somaiya%2C+Ravi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F05%2F15%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fjill-abramson-being-replaced-as-top-editor-at-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChokshi2017" class="citation web cs1">Chokshi, Niraj (December 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/us/pentagon-papers-post.html">"Behind the Race to Publish the Top-Secret Pentagon Papers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705164947/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/20/us/pentagon-papers-post.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Behind+the+Race+to+Publish+the+Top-Secret+Pentagon+Papers&amp;rft.date=2017-12-12&amp;rft.aulast=Chokshi&amp;rft.aufirst=Niraj&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F20%2Fus%2Fpentagon-papers-post.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiocca2018" class="citation web cs1">Ciocca, Sophia (April 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.nytimes.com/building-a-text-editor-for-a-digital-first-newsroom-f1cb8367fc21">"Building a Text Editor for a Digital-First Newsroom"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227210340/https://open.nytimes.com/building-a-text-editor-for-a-digital-first-newsroom-f1cb8367fc21">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Building+a+Text+Editor+for+a+Digital-First+Newsroom&amp;rft.date=2018-04-12&amp;rft.aulast=Ciocca&amp;rft.aufirst=Sophia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.nytimes.com%2Fbuilding-a-text-editor-for-a-digital-first-newsroom-f1cb8367fc21&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCioccaSisson2019" class="citation web cs1">Ciocca, Sophia; Sisson, Jeff (August 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.nytimes.com/we-built-collaborative-editing-for-our-newsrooms-cms-here-s-how-415618a3ec49">"We Built Collaborative Editing for Our Newsroom's CMS. Here's How"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227210338/https://open.nytimes.com/we-built-collaborative-editing-for-our-newsrooms-cms-here-s-how-415618a3ec49">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=We+Built+Collaborative+Editing+for+Our+Newsroom%27s+CMS.+Here%27s+How.&amp;rft.date=2019-08-01&amp;rft.aulast=Ciocca&amp;rft.aufirst=Sophia&amp;rft.au=Sisson%2C+Jeff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.nytimes.com%2Fwe-built-collaborative-editing-for-our-newsrooms-cms-here-s-how-415618a3ec49&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbett2015" class="citation web cs1">Corbett, Philip (December 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/03/insider/mx-did-the-times-adopt-a-new-transgender-courtesy-title.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Mx.'? Did The Times Adopt a New, Gender-Neutral Courtesy Title?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709215411/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/03/insider/mx-did-the-times-adopt-a-new-transgender-courtesy-title.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=%27Mx.%27%3F+Did+The+Times+Adopt+a+New%2C+Gender-Neutral+Courtesy+Title%3F&amp;rft.date=2015-12-03&amp;rft.aulast=Corbett&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F12%2F03%2Finsider%2Fmx-did-the-times-adopt-a-new-transgender-courtesy-title.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorbett2017" class="citation web cs1">Corbett, Philip (November 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/08/reader-center/why-does-nyt-call-president-mr-trump.html">"Why The Times Calls Trump 'Mr.' (No, We're Not Being Rude)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114170558/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/08/reader-center/why-does-nyt-call-president-mr-trump.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Why+The+Times+Calls+Trump+%27Mr.%27+%28No%2C+We%27re+Not+Being+Rude%29&amp;rft.date=2017-11-08&amp;rft.aulast=Corbett&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F11%2F08%2Freader-center%2Fwhy-does-nyt-call-president-mr-trump.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotlerSandhaus2016" class="citation web cs1">Cotler, Jane; Sandhaus, Evan (February 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/open.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/02/01/how-to-build-a-timesmachine/">"How to Build a TimesMachine"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727061243/https://archive.nytimes.com/open.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/02/01/how-to-build-a-timesmachine/">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+to+Build+a+TimesMachine&amp;rft.date=2016-02-01&amp;rft.aulast=Cotler&amp;rft.aufirst=Jane&amp;rft.au=Sandhaus%2C+Evan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fopen.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F02%2F01%2Fhow-to-build-a-timesmachine%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisGrynbaum2017" class="citation web cs1">Davis, Julie; Grynbaum, Michael (February 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/us/politics/white-house-sean-spicer-briefing.html">"Trump Intensifies His Attacks on Journalists and Condemns F.B.I. 'Leakers'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225020100/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/24/us/politics/white-house-sean-spicer-briefing.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Trump+Intensifies+His+Attacks+on+Journalists+and+Condemns+F.B.I.+%27Leakers%27&amp;rft.date=2017-02-24&amp;rft.aulast=Davis&amp;rft.aufirst=Julie&amp;rft.au=Grynbaum%2C+Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F02%2F24%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-house-sean-spicer-briefing.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2023" class="citation web cs1">Diamond, Sarah (July 2, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/02/insider/the-naming-of-gaming-and-its-history.html">"The Naming of Gaming (and Its History)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719131652/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/02/insider/the-naming-of-gaming-and-its-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2023</span>. <q>In 1934, The Times ran excerpts from sermons from two churches in New York City in which the pastors denounced lotteries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+Naming+of+Gaming+%28and+Its+History%29&amp;rft.date=2023-07-02&amp;rft.aulast=Diamond&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F07%2F02%2Finsider%2Fthe-naming-of-gaming-and-its-history.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2014c" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (November 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2014/11/06/2000-when-election-night-became-election-month/">"2000 | When Election Night Became Election Month"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230525020836/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2014/11/06/2000-when-election-night-became-election-month/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=2000+%7C+When+Election+Night+Became+Election+Month&amp;rft.date=2014-11-06&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Ftimes-insider%2F2014%2F11%2F06%2F2000-when-election-night-became-election-month%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2015a" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (March 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2015/03/05/1977-home-opens-its-doors/">"1977 | Home Opens Its Doors"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009110548/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2015/03/05/1977-home-opens-its-doors/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=1977+%7C+Home+Opens+Its+Doors&amp;rft.date=2015-03-05&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Ftimes-insider%2F2015%2F03%2F05%2F1977-home-opens-its-doors%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2015b" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (July 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2015/07/16/1943-in-tehran-the-timess-international-edition-is-born/">"1943 | In Tehran, The Times's International Edition Is Born"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002094858/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2015/07/16/1943-in-tehran-the-timess-international-edition-is-born/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=1943+%7C+In+Tehran%2C+The+Times%27s+International+Edition+Is+Born&amp;rft.date=2015-07-16&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Ftimes-insider%2F2015%2F07%2F16%2F1943-in-tehran-the-timess-international-edition-is-born%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2016b" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (March 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/17/insider/2007-2016-the-rosenthal-era-in-the-editorial-department.html">"2007–2016 | The Rosenthal Era in the Editorial Department"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115083831/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/17/insider/2007-2016-the-rosenthal-era-in-the-editorial-department.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=2007%E2%80%932016+%7C+The+Rosenthal+Era+in+the+Editorial+Department&amp;rft.date=2016-03-18&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F17%2Finsider%2F2007-2016-the-rosenthal-era-in-the-editorial-department.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2016d" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (June 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/09/insider/shut-down-the-presses-as-soon-as-possible.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Shut Down the Presses as Soon as Possible'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101055120/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/09/insider/shut-down-the-presses-as-soon-as-possible.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=%27Shut+Down+the+Presses+as+Soon+as+Possible%27&amp;rft.date=2016-06-09&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F09%2Finsider%2Fshut-down-the-presses-as-soon-as-possible.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2016e" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (June 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/24/insider/two-banner-headlines-but-only-one-page-1.html">"Two Banner Headlines, but Only One Page 1"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723005904/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/24/insider/two-banner-headlines-but-only-one-page-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Two+Banner+Headlines%2C+but+Only+One+Page+1&amp;rft.date=2016-06-24&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F24%2Finsider%2Ftwo-banner-headlines-but-only-one-page-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2016f" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (August 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/23/insider/2007-honey-i-shrunk-the-times.html">"2007 | Honey, I Shrunk The Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210210834/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/23/insider/2007-honey-i-shrunk-the-times.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=2007+%7C+Honey%2C+I+Shrunk+The+Times&amp;rft.date=2016-08-23&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F23%2Finsider%2F2007-honey-i-shrunk-the-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2017a" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (January 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/19/insider/1994-a-road-map-to-the-information-superhighway.html">"1994 | A Road Map to the Information Superhighway"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231025001648/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/19/insider/1994-a-road-map-to-the-information-superhighway.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=1994+%7C+A+Road+Map+to+the+Information+Superhighway&amp;rft.date=2017-01-19&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F01%2F19%2Finsider%2F1994-a-road-map-to-the-information-superhighway.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2017b" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (June 17, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/15/insider/1967-a-modern-identity-takes-form-in-ancient-lettering.html">"1967 | A Modern Identity Takes Form in Ancient Lettering"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807005121/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/15/insider/1967-a-modern-identity-takes-form-in-ancient-lettering.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=1967+%7C+A+Modern+Identity+Takes+Form+in+Ancient+Lettering&amp;rft.date=2017-06-17&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F15%2Finsider%2F1967-a-modern-identity-takes-form-in-ancient-lettering.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2017c" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (June 29, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/insider/1964-a-libel-suit-yields-a-vigorous-defense-of-free-speech.html">"1964 | A Libel Suit Yields a Vigorous Defense of Free Speech"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930223350/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/insider/1964-a-libel-suit-yields-a-vigorous-defense-of-free-speech.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=1964+%7C+A+Libel+Suit+Yields+a+Vigorous+Defense+of+Free+Speech&amp;rft.date=2017-06-29&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F29%2Finsider%2F1964-a-libel-suit-yields-a-vigorous-defense-of-free-speech.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2023a" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (October 1, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/01/insider/close-enough-to-call-back.html">"Close Enough to Call Back"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212233251/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/01/insider/close-enough-to-call-back.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Close+Enough+to+Call+Back&amp;rft.date=2023-10-01&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F01%2Finsider%2Fclose-enough-to-call-back.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2023b" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (December 9, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/09/insider/printed-with-company.html">"Printed With Company"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Printed+With+Company&amp;rft.date=2023-12-09&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F09%2Finsider%2Fprinted-with-company.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2023c" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dunlap" title="David W. Dunlap">Dunlap, David</a> (December 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/11/insider/60-thousand-issue.html">"With Issue No. 60,000, One Correction Comes to Mind"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212235805/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/11/insider/60-thousand-issue.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=With+Issue+No.+60%2C000%2C+One+Correction+Comes+to+Mind&amp;rft.date=2023-12-11&amp;rft.aulast=Dunlap&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F11%2Finsider%2F60-thousand-issue.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Editorial_Board2020" class="citation web cs1">The Editorial Board (October 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/06/opinion/joe-biden-2020-nytimes-endorsement.html">"Elect Joe Biden, America"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231221083639/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/06/opinion/joe-biden-2020-nytimes-endorsement.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Elect+Joe+Biden%2C+America&amp;rft.date=2020-10-06&amp;rft.au=The+Editorial+Board&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F10%2F06%2Fopinion%2Fjoe-biden-2020-nytimes-endorsement.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmber2017a" class="citation web cs1">Ember, Sydney (June 29, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/business/media/new-york-times-staff-members-protest-cuts.html">"Times Staff Members Protest Cuts and Changes to News Operation"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114182704/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/business/media/new-york-times-staff-members-protest-cuts.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Times+Staff+Members+Protest+Cuts+and+Changes+to+News+Operation&amp;rft.date=2017-06-29&amp;rft.aulast=Ember&amp;rft.aufirst=Sydney&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F29%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-staff-members-protest-cuts.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmber2017b" class="citation web cs1">Ember, Sydney (December 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/14/business/media/a-g-sulzberger-new-york-times-publisher.html">"A.G. Sulzberger, 37, to Take Over as New York Times Publisher"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503132958/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/14/business/media/a-g-sulzberger-new-york-times-publisher.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A.G.+Sulzberger%2C+37%2C+to+Take+Over+as+New+York+Times+Publisher&amp;rft.date=2017-12-14&amp;rft.aulast=Ember&amp;rft.aufirst=Sydney&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F14%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fa-g-sulzberger-new-york-times-publisher.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnstVecsey2020" class="citation web cs1">Ernst, Sean; Vecsey, David (November 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/21/insider/banner-headline-election.html">"A Headline (or Five) for History"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723005904/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/21/insider/banner-headline-election.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Headline+%28or+Five%29+for+History&amp;rft.date=2020-11-21&amp;rft.aulast=Ernst&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean&amp;rft.au=Vecsey%2C+David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F11%2F21%2Finsider%2Fbanner-headline-election.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarago2022" class="citation web cs1">Farago, Jason (July 31, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/31/insider/whats-a-critic-doing-in-a-war-zone.html">"What's a Critic Doing in a War Zone?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230233210/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/31/insider/whats-a-critic-doing-in-a-war-zone.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=What%27s+a+Critic+Doing+in+a+War+Zone%3F&amp;rft.date=2022-07-31&amp;rft.aulast=Farago&amp;rft.aufirst=Jason&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F07%2F31%2Finsider%2Fwhats-a-critic-doing-in-a-war-zone.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFittsEddy2023" class="citation web cs1">Fitts, Kyelee; Eddy, Celia (October 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.nytimes.com/how-the-new-york-times-cooking-team-makes-personalized-recipe-recommendations-7b86df9b22ec">"How The New York Times Cooking Team Makes Personalized Recipe Recommendations"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190640/https://open.nytimes.com/how-the-new-york-times-cooking-team-makes-personalized-recipe-recommendations-7b86df9b22ec">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+The+New+York+Times+Cooking+Team+Makes+Personalized+Recipe+Recommendations&amp;rft.date=2023-10-13&amp;rft.aulast=Fitts&amp;rft.aufirst=Kyelee&amp;rft.au=Eddy%2C+Celia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.nytimes.com%2Fhow-the-new-york-times-cooking-team-makes-personalized-recipe-recommendations-7b86df9b22ec&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2015c" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Friedman" title="Richard A. Friedman">Friedman, Richard A.</a> (August 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/23/opinion/sunday/richard-a-friedman-how-changeable-is-gender.html">"How Changeable Is Gender?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221005358/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/23/opinion/sunday/richard-a-friedman-how-changeable-is-gender.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+Changeable+Is+Gender%3F&amp;rft.date=2015-08-22&amp;rft.aulast=Friedman&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F08%2F23%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Frichard-a-friedman-how-changeable-is-gender.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallogly2023" class="citation web cs1">Gallogly, Nell (January 11, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/11/insider/a-newsroom-team-that-sees-data-in-the-air.html">"A Newsroom Team That Sees Data in the Air"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230233209/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/11/insider/a-newsroom-team-that-sees-data-in-the-air.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Newsroom+Team+That+Sees+Data+in+the+Air&amp;rft.date=2023-01-11&amp;rft.aulast=Gallogly&amp;rft.aufirst=Nell&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F01%2F11%2Finsider%2Fa-newsroom-team-that-sees-data-in-the-air.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrippe2020" class="citation web cs1">Grippe, John (May 23, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/23/reader-center/coronavirus-new-york-times-front-page.html">"The Project Behind a Front Page Full of Names"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101080353/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/23/reader-center/coronavirus-new-york-times-front-page.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+Project+Behind+a+Front+Page+Full+of+Names&amp;rft.date=2020-05-23&amp;rft.aulast=Grippe&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F23%2Freader-center%2Fcoronavirus-new-york-times-front-page.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrynbaum2018" class="citation web cs1">Grynbaum, Michael (January 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/11/business/media/trump-vulgarity.html">"After Donald Trump Said It, How News Outlets Handled It"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126033243/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/11/business/media/trump-vulgarity.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=After+Donald+Trump+Said+It%2C+How+News+Outlets+Handled+It&amp;rft.date=2018-01-11&amp;rft.aulast=Grynbaum&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F01%2F11%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Ftrump-vulgarity.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrynbaum2022a" class="citation web cs1">Grynbaum, Michael (April 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/19/business/media/joe-kahn-dean-baquet-new-york-times.html">"Joe Kahn Is Named Next Executive Editor of The New York Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220606195630/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/19/business/media/joe-kahn-dean-baquet-new-york-times.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Joe+Kahn+Is+Named+Next+Executive+Editor+of+The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=2022-04-19&amp;rft.aulast=Grynbaum&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F04%2F19%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fjoe-kahn-dean-baquet-new-york-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrynbaum2022b" class="citation web cs1">Grynbaum, Michael (April 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/19/business/media/joseph-kahn-new-york-times.html">"A Quiet Intensity, Matched With Big Ambitions"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105032935/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/19/business/media/joseph-kahn-new-york-times.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Quiet+Intensity%2C+Matched+With+Big+Ambitions&amp;rft.date=2022-04-19&amp;rft.aulast=Grynbaum&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F04%2F19%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fjoseph-kahn-new-york-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrynbaumWindolf2022" class="citation web cs1">Grynbaum, Michael; Windolf, Jim (April 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/20/business/media/new-york-times-managing-editors.html">"New York Times Names Marc Lacey and Carolyn Ryan as Managing Editors"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228211110/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/20/business/media/new-york-times-managing-editors.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Names+Marc+Lacey+and+Carolyn+Ryan+as+Managing+Editors&amp;rft.date=2022-04-20&amp;rft.aulast=Grynbaum&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft.au=Windolf%2C+Jim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F04%2F20%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-managing-editors.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaberman2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Haberman" title="Clyde Haberman">Haberman, Clyde</a> (September 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/30/nyregion/arthur-o-sulzberger-publisher-who-transformed-times-dies-at-86.html">"Arthur O. Sulzberger, Publisher Who Transformed The Times for New Era, Dies at 86"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110021036/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/30/nyregion/arthur-o-sulzberger-publisher-who-transformed-times-dies-at-86.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Arthur+O.+Sulzberger%2C+Publisher+Who+Transformed+The+Times+for+New+Era%2C+Dies+at+86&amp;rft.date=2012-09-29&amp;rft.aulast=Haberman&amp;rft.aufirst=Clyde&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F09%2F30%2Fnyregion%2Farthur-o-sulzberger-publisher-who-transformed-times-dies-at-86.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaughney2012" class="citation web cs1">Haughney, Christine (June 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/27/the-times-is-introducing-a-chinese-language-news-site/">"The Times Is Introducing a Chinese-Language News Site"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226204653/https://archive.nytimes.com/mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/27/the-times-is-introducing-a-chinese-language-news-site/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+Times+Is+Introducing+a+Chinese-Language+News+Site&amp;rft.date=2012-06-27&amp;rft.aulast=Haughney&amp;rft.aufirst=Christine&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fmediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F06%2F27%2Fthe-times-is-introducing-a-chinese-language-news-site%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerszenhorn2010" class="citation web cs1">Herszenhorn, David (March 23, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/23/at-white-house-bidens-expletive-caught-on-open-mic/">"At White House, Biden's Expletive Caught on Open Mike"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126033244/https://archive.nytimes.com/thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/23/at-white-house-bidens-expletive-caught-on-open-mic/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=At+White+House%2C+Biden%27s+Expletive+Caught+on+Open+Mike&amp;rft.date=2010-03-23&amp;rft.aulast=Herszenhorn&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fthecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F03%2F23%2Fat-white-house-bidens-expletive-caught-on-open-mic%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHesser2010a" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Hesser" title="Amanda Hesser">Hesser, Amanda</a> (October 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/10/magazine/10food-t-000.html">"Recipe Redux: The Community Cookbook"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190622/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/10/magazine/10food-t-000.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Recipe+Redux%3A+The+Community+Cookbook&amp;rft.date=2010-10-06&amp;rft.aulast=Hesser&amp;rft.aufirst=Amanda&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F10%2Fmagazine%2F10food-t-000.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginbotham2018" class="citation web cs1">Higginbotham, Will (October 4, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/04/insider/history-times-color-photos.html">"When the Gray Lady Started Wearing Color"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240201094720/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/04/insider/history-times-color-photos.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=When+the+Gray+Lady+Started+Wearing+Color&amp;rft.date=2018-10-04&amp;rft.aulast=Higginbotham&amp;rft.aufirst=Will&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F10%2F04%2Finsider%2Fhistory-times-color-photos.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiltner2017b" class="citation web cs1">Hiltner, Stephen (April 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/09/insider/how-to-write-a-new-york-times-headline.html">"How to Write a New York Times Headline"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723014625/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/09/insider/how-to-write-a-new-york-times-headline.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+to+Write+a+New+York+Times+Headline&amp;rft.date=2017-04-09&amp;rft.aulast=Hiltner&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F04%2F09%2Finsider%2Fhow-to-write-a-new-york-times-headline.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallaur2016" class="citation web cs1">Kallaur, Andrei (August 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.nytimes.com/putting-style-into-the-online-new-york-times-stylebook-939d68a114c8">"Putting {Style} into the Online New York Times Stylebook"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Putting+%7BStyle%7D+into+the+Online+New+York+Times+Stylebook&amp;rft.date=2016-08-26&amp;rft.aulast=Kallaur&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrei&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.nytimes.com%2Fputting-style-into-the-online-new-york-times-stylebook-939d68a114c8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKantorTwohey2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Kantor" title="Jodi Kantor">Kantor, Jodi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Megan_Twohey" title="Megan Twohey">Twohey, Megan</a> (October 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/05/us/harvey-weinstein-harassment-allegations.html">"Harvey Weinstein Paid Off Sexual Harassment Accusers for Decades"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Harvey+Weinstein+Paid+Off+Sexual+Harassment+Accusers+for+Decades&amp;rft.date=2017-10-05&amp;rft.aulast=Kantor&amp;rft.aufirst=Jodi&amp;rft.au=Twohey%2C+Megan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F10%2F05%2Fus%2Fharvey-weinstein-harassment-allegations.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Heather_Knight_(journalist)" title="Heather Knight (journalist)">Knight, Heather</a> (September 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/28/us/san-francisco-reputation.html">"Introducing The Times's New San Francisco Bureau Chief"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Introducing+The+Times%27s+New+San+Francisco+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.date=2023-09-28&amp;rft.aulast=Knight&amp;rft.aufirst=Heather&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F09%2F28%2Fus%2Fsan-francisco-reputation.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonhardt2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Leonhardt" title="David Leonhardt">Leonhardt, David</a> (April 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/23/upshot/navigate-news-with-the-upshot.html">"Navigate News With The Upshot"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Navigate+News+With+The+Upshot&amp;rft.date=2014-04-22&amp;rft.aulast=Leonhardt&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F23%2Fupshot%2Fnavigate-news-with-the-upshot.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine2024" class="citation web cs1">Levine, Elie (March 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/04/crosswords/strands-word-search-game.html">"Putting a New Twist on a Classic Puzzle"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Putting+a+New+Twist+on+a+Classic+Puzzle&amp;rft.date=2024-03-04&amp;rft.aulast=Levine&amp;rft.aufirst=Elie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F03%2F04%2Fcrosswords%2Fstrands-word-search-game.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiptak2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Liptak" title="Adam Liptak">Liptak, Adam</a> (July 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/02/us/supreme-court-libel.html">"Two Justices Say Supreme Court Should Reconsider Landmark Libel Decision"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Two+Justices+Say+Supreme+Court+Should+Reconsider+Landmark+Libel+Decision&amp;rft.date=2021-07-02&amp;rft.aulast=Liptak&amp;rft.aufirst=Adam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F07%2F02%2Fus%2Fsupreme-court-libel.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManjoo2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Manjoo" title="Farhad Manjoo">Manjoo, Farhad</a> (April 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/21/opinion/chatgpt-journalism.html">"ChatGPT Is Already Changing How I Do My Job"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=ChatGPT+Is+Already+Changing+How+I+Do+My+Job&amp;rft.date=2023-04-21&amp;rft.aulast=Manjoo&amp;rft.aufirst=Farhad&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F04%2F21%2Fopinion%2Fchatgpt-journalism.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadden2001a" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._McFadden" title="Robert D. McFadden">McFadden, Robert</a> (April 6, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/06/nyregion/john-b-oakes-impassioned-editorial-page-voice-of-the-times-dies-at-87.html">"John B. Oakes, Impassioned Editorial Page Voice of The Times, Dies at 87"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=John+B.+Oakes%2C+Impassioned+Editorial+Page+Voice+of+The+Times%2C+Dies+at+87&amp;rft.date=2001-04-06&amp;rft.aulast=McFadden&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F04%2F06%2Fnyregion%2Fjohn-b-oakes-impassioned-editorial-page-voice-of-the-times-dies-at-87.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadden2001b" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._McFadden" title="Robert D. McFadden">McFadden, Robert</a> (May 22, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/22/nyregion/times-names-raines-as-successor-to-lelyveld-as-executive-editor.html">"Times Names Raines as Successor To Lelyveld as Executive Editor"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Times+Names+Raines+as+Successor+To+Lelyveld+as+Executive+Editor&amp;rft.date=2001-05-22&amp;rft.aulast=McFadden&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F05%2F22%2Fnyregion%2Ftimes-names-raines-as-successor-to-lelyveld-as-executive-editor.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGinley2023" class="citation web cs1">McGinley, Terence (October 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/17/insider/a-spanish-language-newsletter-for-the-fluent-and-the-curious.html">"A Spanish-Language Newsletter for the Fluent and the Curious"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Spanish-Language+Newsletter+for+the+Fluent+and+the+Curious&amp;rft.date=2023-10-17&amp;rft.aulast=McGinley&amp;rft.aufirst=Terence&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F17%2Finsider%2Fa-spanish-language-newsletter-for-the-fluent-and-the-curious.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcQuiston1977" class="citation web cs1">McQuiston, John (September 1, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/09/01/archives/charles-merz-a-former-times-editor-is-dead-at-84.html">"Charles Merz, a Former Times Editor, Is Dead at 84"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Charles+Merz%2C+a+Former+Times+Editor%2C+Is+Dead+at+84&amp;rft.date=1977-09-01&amp;rft.aulast=McQuiston&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F09%2F01%2Farchives%2Fcharles-merz-a-former-times-editor-is-dead-at-84.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1922" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1922/07/19/archives/death-of-charles-ransom-miller-editor-of-the-new-york-times.html">"Death of Charles Ransom Miller, Editor of The New York Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York City. July 19, 1922<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Death+of+Charles+Ransom+Miller%2C+Editor+of+The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=1922-07-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1922%2F07%2F19%2Farchives%2Fdeath-of-charles-ransom-miller-editor-of-the-new-york-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1935" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1935/04/09/archives/adolph-s-ochs-dead-at-77-publisher-of-times-since-1896-adolph-s.html">"Adolph S. Ochs Dead at 77; Publisher of Times Since 1896"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York City. April 9, 1935<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Adolph+S.+Ochs+Dead+at+77%3B+Publisher+of+Times+Since+1896&amp;rft.date=1935-04-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1935%2F04%2F09%2Farchives%2Fadolph-s-ochs-dead-at-77-publisher-of-times-since-1896-adolph-s.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1937" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1937/02/23/archives/rollo-ogden-held-high-place-among-nations-editors-for-nearly-50.html">"Rollo Ogden Held High Place Among Nation's Editors For Nearly 50 Years"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York City. February 23, 1937<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Rollo+Ogden+Held+High+Place+Among+Nation%27s+Editors+For+Nearly+50+Years&amp;rft.date=1937-02-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1937%2F02%2F23%2Farchives%2Frollo-ogden-held-high-place-among-nations-editors-for-nearly-50.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1938" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1938/11/16/archives/merz-is-appointed-editor-of-times-succeeds-dr-john-h-finley-who-at.html">"Merz is Appointed Editor of Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York City. November 16, 1938<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Merz+is+Appointed+Editor+of+Times&amp;rft.date=1938-11-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1938%2F11%2F16%2Farchives%2Fmerz-is-appointed-editor-of-times-succeeds-dr-john-h-finley-who-at.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1963" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1963/05/26/archives/orvil-e-dryfoos-dies-at-50-new-york-times-publisher-orvil-e-dryfoos.html">"Orvil E. Dryfoos Dies at 50; New York Times Publisher"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York City. May 26, 1963<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Orvil+E.+Dryfoos+Dies+at+50%3B+New+York+Times+Publisher&amp;rft.date=1963-05-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1963%2F05%2F26%2Farchives%2Forvil-e-dryfoos-dies-at-50-new-york-times-publisher-orvil-e-dryfoos.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1986" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/12/us/am-rosenthal-leaving-executive-editor-s-post-times-max-frankel-his-successor.html">"A.M. Rosenthal Leaving Executive Editor's Post at The Times, and Max Frankel is His Successor"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York City. October 12, 1986<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A.M.+Rosenthal+Leaving+Executive+Editor%27s+Post+at+The+Times%2C+and+Max+Frankel+is+His+Successor&amp;rft.date=1986-10-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F10%2F12%2Fus%2Fam-rosenthal-leaving-executive-editor-s-post-times-max-frankel-his-successor.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2009" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/business/media/14times.html">"Times Company Creating a Wine Club"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. August 13, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Times+Company+Creating+a+Wine+Club&amp;rft.date=2009-08-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F08%2F14%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2F14times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2015b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/admin/the-new-york-times-masthead.html">"The Masthead of The New York Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. February 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+Masthead+of+The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=2015-02-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2023%2Fadmin%2Fthe-new-york-times-masthead.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2018a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/editorial-standards/ethical-journalism.html">"Ethical Journalism"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. January 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Ethical+Journalism&amp;rft.date=2018-01-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Feditorial-standards%2Fethical-journalism.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2018b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/opinion/editorialboard.html">"The New York Times Editorial Board"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. March 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+Editorial+Board&amp;rft.date=2018-03-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2018%2Fopinion%2Feditorialboard.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2020" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/11/18/business/dealbook-summit">"DealBook Online Summit: LeBron James on Voting, Elizabeth Warren on Stimulus, Jamie Dimon on Leadership"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=DealBook+Online+Summit%3A+LeBron+James+on+Voting%2C+Elizabeth+Warren+on+Stimulus%2C+Jamie+Dimon+on+Leadership&amp;rft.date=2020-11-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flive%2F2020%2F11%2F18%2Fbusiness%2Fdealbook-summit&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2022a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/new-york-times-endorse-political-candidates.html">"How New York Times reporters avoid personal involvement in politics"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+New+York+Times+reporters+avoid+personal+involvement+in+politics.&amp;rft.date=2022-06-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Farticle%2Fnew-york-times-endorse-political-candidates.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2022b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/what-does-the-new-york-times-own.html">"What does The New York Times own?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. July 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=What+does+The+New+York+Times+own%3F&amp;rft.date=2022-07-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Farticle%2Fwhat-does-the-new-york-times-own.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2022c" class="citation web cs1">The New York Times (December 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/business/media/new-york-times-union-walkout.html">"New York Times Union Holds One-Day Strike"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Union+Holds+One-Day+Strike&amp;rft.date=2022-12-07&amp;rft.au=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F12%2F07%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-union-walkout.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2023" class="citation web cs1">The New York Times (November 29, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/11/29/business/dealbook-summit-news/the-dealbook-summit-brings-together-leaders-in-government-and-business-heres-the-latest">"New York Times Forum Includes Global and Business Leaders"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Forum+Includes+Global+and+Business+Leaders&amp;rft.date=2023-11-29&amp;rft.au=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flive%2F2023%2F11%2F29%2Fbusiness%2Fdealbook-summit-news%2Fthe-dealbook-summit-brings-together-leaders-in-government-and-business-heres-the-latest&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNocera2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Nocera" title="Joe Nocera">Nocera, Joe</a> (October 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/opinion/nocera-how-punch-protected-the-times.html">"How Punch Protected The Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+Punch+Protected+The+Times&amp;rft.date=2012-10-01&amp;rft.aulast=Nocera&amp;rft.aufirst=Joe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F10%2F02%2Fopinion%2Fnocera-how-punch-protected-the-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadnaniChambers2020" class="citation web cs1">Padnani, Amisha; Chambers, Veronica (May 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/15/reader-center/examining-the-meaning-of-mrs.html">"Examining the Meaning of 'Mrs.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Examining+the+Meaning+of+%27Mrs.%27&amp;rft.date=2020-05-15&amp;rft.aulast=Padnani&amp;rft.aufirst=Amisha&amp;rft.au=Chambers%2C+Veronica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F15%2Freader-center%2Fexamining-the-meaning-of-mrs.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Paul" title="Pamela Paul">Paul, Pamela</a> (September 14, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/25/insider/listening-to-the-book-review.html">"Listening to the Book Review"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Listening+to+the+Book+Review&amp;rft.date=2015-09-14&amp;rft.aulast=Paul&amp;rft.aufirst=Pamela&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F08%2F25%2Finsider%2Flistening-to-the-book-review.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson1997" class="citation web cs1">Peterson, Iver (January 22, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/22/business/times-expanding-nationwide-distribution.html">"Times Expanding Nationwide Distribution"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Times+Expanding+Nationwide+Distribution&amp;rft.date=1997-01-22&amp;rft.aulast=Peterson&amp;rft.aufirst=Iver&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F01%2F22%2Fbusiness%2Ftimes-expanding-nationwide-distribution.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolgreen2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Polgreen" title="Lydia Polgreen">Polgreen, Lydia</a> (February 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/es/2016/02/07/espanol/un-saludo-de-nuestra-editora.html">"Bienvenidos a The New York Times en Español"</a> &#91;Welcome to The New York Times in Spanish&#93;. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Bienvenidos+a+The+New+York+Times+en+Espa%C3%B1ol&amp;rft.date=2016-02-07&amp;rft.aulast=Polgreen&amp;rft.aufirst=Lydia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fes%2F2016%2F02%2F07%2Fespanol%2Fun-saludo-de-nuestra-editora.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuters1985" class="citation web cs1">Reuters (November 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/11/23/business/newsprint-pact.html">"Newsprint Pact"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Newsprint+Pact&amp;rft.date=1985-11&amp;rft.au=Reuters&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F11%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Fnewsprint-pact.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2022" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Katie (March 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/03/business/media/new-york-times-tech-union.html">"New York Times Tech Workers Vote to Certify Union"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Tech+Workers+Vote+to+Certify+Union&amp;rft.date=2022-03-03&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F03%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-tech-union.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2023a" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Katie (May 23, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/23/business/media/new-york-times-news-guild-contract.html">"The Times Reaches a Contract Deal With Its Newsroom Union"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+Times+Reaches+a+Contract+Deal+With+Its+Newsroom+Union&amp;rft.date=2023-05-23&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F05%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-news-guild-contract.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2023b" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Katie (November 8, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/08/business/media/new-york-times-q3-earnings.html">"The New York Times Passes 10 Million Subscribers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+Passes+10+Million+Subscribers&amp;rft.date=2023-11-08&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F11%2F08%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-q3-earnings.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2024" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Katie (August 7, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/07/business/media/new-york-times-earnings.html">"New York Times Reports 13.6% Jump in Profit"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Reports+13.6%25+Jump+in+Profit&amp;rft.date=2024-08-07&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F08%2F07%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-earnings.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsonKoblin2023" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Katie; Koblin, John (July 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/10/business/media/the-new-york-times-sports-department.html">"The New York Times to Disband Its Sports Department"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+to+Disband+Its+Sports+Department&amp;rft.date=2023-07-10&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft.au=Koblin%2C+John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F07%2F10%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fthe-new-york-times-sports-department.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsonFandos2024" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Katie; Fandos, Nicholas (August 12, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/12/business/media/the-new-york-times-editorial-board-political-endorsements.html">"The New York Times Will Stop Endorsing Candidates in New York Races"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+Will+Stop+Endorsing+Candidates+in+New+York+Races&amp;rft.date=2024-08-12&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft.au=Fandos%2C+Nicholas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F08%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fthe-new-york-times-editorial-board-political-endorsements.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanneh2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kelefa_Sanneh" title="Kelefa Sanneh">Sanneh, Kelefa</a> (November 12, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/12/arts/music/12musi.html">"Outrage, Bile, Hardcore Punk ... and a Sensible Lost-and-Found"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Outrage%2C+Bile%2C+Hardcore+Punk+...+and+a+Sensible+Lost-and-Found&amp;rft.date=2007-11-12&amp;rft.aulast=Sanneh&amp;rft.aufirst=Kelefa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F11%2F12%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F12musi.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Schmidt" title="Michael S. Schmidt">Schmidt, Michael</a> (March 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/03/us/politics/hillary-clintons-use-of-private-email-at-state-department-raises-flags.html">"Hillary Clinton Used Personal Email Account at State Dept., Possibly Breaking Rules"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton+Used+Personal+Email+Account+at+State+Dept.%2C+Possibly+Breaking+Rules&amp;rft.date=2015-03-02&amp;rft.aulast=Schmidt&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F03%2F03%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fhillary-clintons-use-of-private-email-at-state-department-raises-flags.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeelye2006" class="citation news cs1">Seelye, Katharine (October 12, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/12/business/media/12cnd-times.html">"Times Editorial Page Editor Steps Down"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Times+Editorial+Page+Editor+Steps+Down&amp;rft.date=2006-10-12&amp;rft.aulast=Seelye&amp;rft.aufirst=Katharine&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F10%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2F12cnd-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShear2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Shear" title="Michael D. Shear">Shear, Michael</a> (October 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/28/us/politics/miles-taylor-anonymous-trump.html">"Miles Taylor, a Former Homeland Security Official, Reveals He Was 'Anonymous'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Miles+Taylor%2C+a+Former+Homeland+Security+Official%2C+Reveals+He+Was+%27Anonymous%27&amp;rft.date=2020-10-28&amp;rft.aulast=Shear&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F10%2F28%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fmiles-taylor-anonymous-trump.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShepard1992" class="citation web cs1">Shepard, Richard (February 16, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/16/magazine/bambi-is-a-stag-and-tubas-dont-go-pahpah-the-ins-and-outs-of-across.html">"Bambi Is a Stag and Tubas Don't Go 'Pah-Pah': The Ins and Outs of Across and Down"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Bambi+Is+a+Stag+and+Tubas+Don%27t+Go+%27Pah-Pah%27%3A+The+Ins+and+Outs+of+Across+and+Down&amp;rft.date=1992-02-16&amp;rft.aulast=Shepard&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F02%2F16%2Fmagazine%2Fbambi-is-a-stag-and-tubas-dont-go-pahpah-the-ins-and-outs-of-across.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nate_Silver" title="Nate Silver">Silver, Nate</a> (August 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/25/welcome-and-welcome-back/">"Welcome (and Welcome Back) to FiveThirtyEight"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Welcome+%28and+Welcome+Back%29+to+FiveThirtyEight&amp;rft.date=2010-08-25&amp;rft.aulast=Silver&amp;rft.aufirst=Nate&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Ffivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F25%2Fwelcome-and-welcome-back%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2020a" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith, Ben</a> (March 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/01/business/media/ben-smith-journalism-news-publishers-local.html">"Why the Success of The New York Times May Be Bad News for Journalism"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Why+the+Success+of+The+New+York+Times+May+Be+Bad+News+for+Journalism&amp;rft.date=2020-03-01&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Ben&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F01%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fben-smith-journalism-news-publishers-local.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSondern2021" class="citation web cs1">Sondern, Andrew (January 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/21/insider/banner-headlines-letters.html">"Letters Close Enough to Touch"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Letters+Close+Enough+to+Touch&amp;rft.date=2021-01-21&amp;rft.aulast=Sondern&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F21%2Finsider%2Fbanner-headlines-letters.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorkin2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ross_Sorkin" title="Andrew Ross Sorkin">Sorkin, Andrew</a> (October 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/10/07/a-letter-to-dealbook-readers/">"DealBook Celebrates 10-Year Anniversary"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=DealBook+Celebrates+10-Year+Anniversary&amp;rft.date=2011-10-07&amp;rft.aulast=Sorkin&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F07%2Fa-letter-to-dealbook-readers%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorkin_et_al.2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ross_Sorkin" title="Andrew Ross Sorkin">Sorkin, Andrew</a>; Karaian, Karaian; Kessler, Sarah; Gandel, Stephen; de la Merced, Michael; Hirsch, Lauren; Livni, Ephrat (November 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/11/business/dealbook/dealbook-summit-lessons.html">"What We Learned From Tim Cook, Antony Blinken, Mary Barra and More"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=What+We+Learned+From+Tim+Cook%2C+Antony+Blinken%2C+Mary+Barra+and+More&amp;rft.date=2021-11-11&amp;rft.aulast=Sorkin&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft.au=Karaian%2C+Karaian&amp;rft.au=Kessler%2C+Sarah&amp;rft.au=Gandel%2C+Stephen&amp;rft.au=de+la+Merced%2C+Michael&amp;rft.au=Hirsch%2C+Lauren&amp;rft.au=Livni%2C+Ephrat&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2Fbusiness%2Fdealbook%2Fdealbook-summit-lessons.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStetson1978" class="citation web cs1">Stetson, Damon (November 6, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/11/06/archives/the-times-and-news-resume-publication-resolution-of-labor-disputes.html">"The Times and News Resume Publication"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+Times+and+News+Resume+Publication&amp;rft.date=1978-11-06&amp;rft.aulast=Stetson&amp;rft.aufirst=Damon&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1978%2F11%2F06%2Farchives%2Fthe-times-and-news-resume-publication-resolution-of-labor-disputes.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens2022" class="citation web cs1">Stevens, Matt (January 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/01/21/arts/music/meat-loaf-mr-loaf.html">"No, We Didn't Call Him 'Mr. Loaf.' (Mostly.)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=No%2C+We+Didn%27t+Call+Him+%27Mr.+Loaf.%27+%28Mostly.%29&amp;rft.date=2022-01-21&amp;rft.aulast=Stevens&amp;rft.aufirst=Matt&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2022%2F01%2F21%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fmeat-loaf-mr-loaf.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStolberg2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Gay_Stolberg" title="Sheryl Gay Stolberg">Stolberg, Sheryl</a> (June 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/25/us/the-2004-campaign-the-disputes-salty-language-as-cheney-and-senator-clash.html">"Salty Language as Cheney and Senator Clash"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Salty+Language+as+Cheney+and+Senator+Clash&amp;rft.date=2004-06-25&amp;rft.aulast=Stolberg&amp;rft.aufirst=Sheryl&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F06%2F25%2Fus%2Fthe-2004-campaign-the-disputes-salty-language-as-cheney-and-senator-clash.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2013a" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sullivan_(journalist)" title="Margaret Sullivan (journalist)">Sullivan, Margaret</a> (May 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/public-editor/repairing-the-credibility-cracks-after-jayson-blair.html">"Repairing the Credibility Cracks"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Repairing+the+Credibility+Cracks&amp;rft.date=2013-05-04&amp;rft.aulast=Sullivan&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F05%2F05%2Fpublic-editor%2Frepairing-the-credibility-cracks-after-jayson-blair.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2013b" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sullivan_(journalist)" title="Margaret Sullivan (journalist)">Sullivan, Margaret</a> (July 22, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/publiceditor.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/nate-silver-went-against-the-grain-for-some-at-the-times/">"Nate Silver Went Against the Grain for Some at The Times"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Nate+Silver+Went+Against+the+Grain+for+Some+at+The+Times&amp;rft.date=2013-07-22&amp;rft.aulast=Sullivan&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fpubliceditor.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F22%2Fnate-silver-went-against-the-grain-for-some-at-the-times%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymonds2017" class="citation web cs1">Symonds, Alexandria (March 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/23/insider/headline-trump-time-interview.html">"When a Headline Makes Headlines of Its Own"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=When+a+Headline+Makes+Headlines+of+Its+Own&amp;rft.date=2017-03-23&amp;rft.aulast=Symonds&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexandria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F03%2F23%2Finsider%2Fheadline-trump-time-interview.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakenaga2019" class="citation web cs1">Takenaga, Lara (February 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/reader-center/motoko-rich-behind-the-byline.html">"Our Tokyo Bureau Chief on Where She Finds 'Bolts of Insight' (Hint: It's Outside the Office)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Our+Tokyo+Bureau+Chief+on+Where+She+Finds+%27Bolts+of+Insight%27+%28Hint%3A+It%27s+Outside+the+Office%29&amp;rft.date=2019-02-16&amp;rft.aulast=Takenaga&amp;rft.aufirst=Lara&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F01%2Freader-center%2Fmotoko-rich-behind-the-byline.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Tracy" title="Marc Tracy">Tracy, Marc</a> (June 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/07/business/media/james-bennet-resigns-nytimes-op-ed.html">"James Bennet Resigns as New York Times Opinion Editor"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=James+Bennet+Resigns+as+New+York+Times+Opinion+Editor&amp;rft.date=2020-06-07&amp;rft.aulast=Tracy&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F07%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fjames-bennet-resigns-nytimes-op-ed.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Tracy" title="Marc Tracy">Tracy, Marc</a> (January 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/22/business/media/nyt-opinion-editor-kathleen-kingsbury.html">"Kathleen Kingsbury Is Named New York Times Opinion Editor"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Kathleen+Kingsbury+Is+Named+New+York+Times+Opinion+Editor&amp;rft.date=2021-01-22&amp;rft.aulast=Tracy&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F22%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnyt-opinion-editor-kathleen-kingsbury.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Syckle2018" class="citation web cs1">Van Syckle, Katie (August 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/05/insider/times-printing-plants-delivery.html">"See How The Times Gets Printed and Delivered"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=See+How+The+Times+Gets+Printed+and+Delivered&amp;rft.date=2018-08-05&amp;rft.aulast=Van+Syckle&amp;rft.aufirst=Katie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F08%2F05%2Finsider%2Ftimes-printing-plants-delivery.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVictor2017" class="citation web cs1">Victor, Daniel (May 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/31/business/media/new-york-times-buyouts.html">"New York Times Will Offer Employee Buyouts and Eliminate Public Editor Role"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Will+Offer+Employee+Buyouts+and+Eliminate+Public+Editor+Role&amp;rft.date=2017-05-31&amp;rft.aulast=Victor&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F05%2F31%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-buyouts.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVnenchak2014" class="citation web cs1">Vnenchak, Luke (June 17, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.nytimes.com/scoop-a-glimpse-into-the-nytimes-cms-ae54b266d018">"Scoop: A Glimpse Into the NYTimes CMS"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Scoop%3A+A+Glimpse+Into+the+NYTimes+CMS&amp;rft.date=2014-06-17&amp;rft.aulast=Vnenchak&amp;rft.aufirst=Luke&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.nytimes.com%2Fscoop-a-glimpse-into-the-nytimes-cms-ae54b266d018&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinstein2019" class="citation web cs1">Weinstein, Emily (February 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/16/reader-center/cooking-no-recipe-food.html">"Behind the NYT Cooking Section That's All About Ditching the Recipe"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Behind+the+NYT+Cooking+Section+That%27s+All+About+Ditching+the+Recipe&amp;rft.date=2019-02-16&amp;rft.aulast=Weinstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Emily&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F16%2Freader-center%2Fcooking-no-recipe-food.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Williamson_(journalist)" title="Elizabeth Williamson (journalist)">Williamson, Elizabeth</a> (September 27, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/09/27/how-new-york-times-endorsements-happen/">"How New York Times Endorsements Happen"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+New+York+Times+Endorsements+Happen&amp;rft.date=2016-09-27&amp;rft.aulast=Williamson&amp;rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Ftakingnote.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F09%2F27%2Fhow-new-york-times-endorsements-happen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsFehr2021" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Josh; Fehr, Tiff (June 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://open.nytimes.com/tracking-covid-19-from-hundreds-of-sources-one-extracted-record-at-a-time-dd8cbd31f9b4">"Tracking Covid-19 From Hundreds of Sources, One Extracted Record at a Time"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Tracking+Covid-19+From+Hundreds+of+Sources%2C+One+Extracted+Record+at+a+Time&amp;rft.date=2021-06-17&amp;rft.aulast=Williams&amp;rft.aufirst=Josh&amp;rft.au=Fehr%2C+Tiff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.nytimes.com%2Ftracking-covid-19-from-hundreds-of-sources-one-extracted-record-at-a-time-dd8cbd31f9b4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis2008" class="citation web cs1">Willis, Derek (February 12, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/open.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/12/election-night-at-nytimescom/">"Election Night at NYTimes.com"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Election+Night+at+NYTimes.com&amp;rft.date=2008-02-12&amp;rft.aulast=Willis&amp;rft.aufirst=Derek&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fopen.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F02%2F12%2Felection-night-at-nytimescom%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_New_York_Times_Company">The New York Times Company</h4></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/amanda-cox-named-editor-the-upshot/">"Amanda Cox Named Editor, The Upshot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. January 26, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131072547/https://www.nytco.com/press/amanda-cox-named-editor-the-upshot/">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Amanda+Cox+Named+Editor%2C+The+Upshot&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2016-01-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Famanda-cox-named-editor-the-upshot%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2017a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/coming-home-for-jason-horowitz/">"Coming Home for Jason Horowitz"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. January 6, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045032/https://www.nytco.com/press/coming-home-for-jason-horowitz/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Coming+Home+for+Jason+Horowitz&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2017-01-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fcoming-home-for-jason-horowitz%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/our-london-bureau-chief/">"Our London Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. April 11, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045034/https://www.nytco.com/press/our-london-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+London+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2019-04-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Four-london-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/comings-and-goings-on-national/">"Comings and Goings on National"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. May 30, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045035/https://www.nytco.com/press/comings-and-goings-on-national/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Comings+and+Goings+on+National&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2019-05-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fcomings-and-goings-on-national%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019c" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/metros-new-city-hall-bureau-chief/">"Metro's New City Hall Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. October 17, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045033/https://www.nytco.com/press/metros-new-city-hall-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Metro%27s+New+City+Hall+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2019-10-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fmetros-new-city-hall-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019d" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/our-new-andes-bureau-chief/">"Our New Andes Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. October 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045038/https://www.nytco.com/press/our-new-andes-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+New+Andes+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2019-10-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Four-new-andes-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020a" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nytco-assets.nytimes.com/2020/04/Final-2019-Annual-Report.pdf">The New York Times Company 2019 Annual Report</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. April 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203111301/https://nytco-assets.nytimes.com/2020/04/Final-2019-Annual-Report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times+Company+2019+Annual+Report&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2020-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnytco-assets.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F04%2FFinal-2019-Annual-Report.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-cairo-bureau-chief/">"Our Next Cairo Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. April 17, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112032332/https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-cairo-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Next+Cairo+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2020-04-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Four-next-cairo-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020c" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/our-new-correspondent-in-india/">"Our New Correspondent in India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. September 30, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113011628/https://www.nytco.com/press/our-new-correspondent-in-india/">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+New+Correspondent+in+India&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2020-09-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Four-new-correspondent-in-india%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020d" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-paris-bureau-chief/">"Our Next Paris Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. October 15, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202161334/https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-paris-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Next+Paris+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2020-10-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Four-next-paris-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020e" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-jerusalem-bureau-chief/">"Our Next Jerusalem Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. October 29, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109173300/https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-jerusalem-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Next+Jerusalem+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2020-10-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Four-next-jerusalem-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/two-new-bureau-chiefs-for-international/">"Two New Bureau Chiefs for International"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. November 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211024104006/https://www.nytco.com/press/two-new-bureau-chiefs-for-international/">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Two+New+Bureau+Chiefs+for+International&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2020-11-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Ftwo-new-bureau-chiefs-for-international%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/new-white-house-team/">"New White House Team"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. February 22, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112041102/https://www.nytco.com/press/new-white-house-team/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+White+House+Team&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2021-02-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fnew-white-house-team%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/nationals-growing-footprint-in-texas/">"National's Growing Footprint in Texas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. March 8, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045031/https://www.nytco.com/press/nationals-growing-footprint-in-texas/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=National%27s+Growing+Footprint+in+Texas&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2021-03-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fnationals-growing-footprint-in-texas%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021c" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/julie-bosman-elevated-to-chicago-bureau-chief-mitch-smith-named-midwest-national-correspondent/">"Julie Bosman Elevated to Chicago Bureau Chief; Mitch Smith Named Midwest National Correspondent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. March 31, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112032334/https://www.nytco.com/press/julie-bosman-elevated-to-chicago-bureau-chief-mitch-smith-named-midwest-national-correspondent/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Julie+Bosman+Elevated+to+Chicago+Bureau+Chief%3B+Mitch+Smith+Named+Midwest+National+Correspondent&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2021-03-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fjulie-bosman-elevated-to-chicago-bureau-chief-mitch-smith-named-midwest-national-correspondent%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021d" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/john-eligon-named-johannesburg-bureau-chief/">"John Eligon Named Johannesburg Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. April 7, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108025736/https://www.nytco.com/press/john-eligon-named-johannesburg-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=John+Eligon+Named+Johannesburg+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2021-04-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fjohn-eligon-named-johannesburg-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021e" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/mujib-mashal-promoted-to-south-asia-bureau-chief/">"Mujib Mashal Promoted to South Asia Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. October 14, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216004257/https://www.nytco.com/press/mujib-mashal-promoted-to-south-asia-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mujib+Mashal+Promoted+to+South+Asia+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2021-10-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fmujib-mashal-promoted-to-south-asia-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/sui-lee-wee-named-southeast-asia-bureau-chief/">"Sui-Lee Wee Named Southeast Asia Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. October 25, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211152535/https://www.nytco.com/press/sui-lee-wee-named-southeast-asia-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sui-Lee+Wee+Named+Southeast+Asia+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2021-10-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fsui-lee-wee-named-southeast-asia-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021g" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/promotion-matina-stevis-gridneff/">"Promotion for Matina Stevis-Gridneff"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. December 21, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045039/https://www.nytco.com/press/promotion-matina-stevis-gridneff/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Promotion+for+Matina+Stevis-Gridneff&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2021-12-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fpromotion-matina-stevis-gridneff%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021h" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/new-bureau-chief-in-brazil/">"New Bureau Chief in Brazil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. December 27, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240213071816/https://www.nytco.com/press/new-bureau-chief-in-brazil/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+Bureau+Chief+in+Brazil&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2021-12-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fnew-bureau-chief-in-brazil%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/a-promotion-for-luis-ferre-sadurni/">"A Promotion for Luis Ferré-Sadurní"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. March 10, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045039/https://www.nytco.com/press/a-promotion-for-luis-ferre-sadurni/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+Promotion+for+Luis+Ferr%C3%A9-Sadurn%C3%AD&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-03-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fa-promotion-for-luis-ferre-sadurni%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/familiar-faces-fresh-roles-our-china-team-is-changing-and-its-not/">"Familiar Faces, Fresh Roles: Our China Team Is Changing (and It's Not)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. April 4, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108025738/https://www.nytco.com/press/familiar-faces-fresh-roles-our-china-team-is-changing-and-its-not/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Familiar+Faces%2C+Fresh+Roles%3A+Our+China+Team+Is+Changing+%28and+It%27s+Not%29&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-04-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Ffamiliar-faces-fresh-roles-our-china-team-is-changing-and-its-not%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022c" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-united-nations-bureau-chief-is-farnaz-fassihi/">"Our Next United Nations Bureau Chief is Farnaz Fassihi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. April 5, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231215212836/https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-united-nations-bureau-chief-is-farnaz-fassihi/">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Next+United+Nations+Bureau+Chief+is+Farnaz+Fassihi&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-04-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Four-next-united-nations-bureau-chief-is-farnaz-fassihi%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-west-africa-correspondent-is-elian-peltier/">"Our Next West Africa Correspondent Is Elian Peltier"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. April 6, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112032333/https://www.nytco.com/press/our-next-west-africa-correspondent-is-elian-peltier/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Next+West+Africa+Correspondent+Is+Elian+Peltier&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-04-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Four-next-west-africa-correspondent-is-elian-peltier%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022e" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/new-correspondent-in-berlin/">"New Correspondent in Berlin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. April 29, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045042/https://www.nytco.com/press/new-correspondent-in-berlin/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+Correspondent+in+Berlin&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-04-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fnew-correspondent-in-berlin%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022f" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/kevin-quealy-is-the-next-editor-of-the-upshot/">"Kevin Quealy is the next editor of The Upshot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. June 9, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007214128/https://www.nytco.com/press/kevin-quealy-is-the-next-editor-of-the-upshot/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Kevin+Quealy+is+the+next+editor+of+The+Upshot&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-06-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fkevin-quealy-is-the-next-editor-of-the-upshot%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022g" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/ben-hubbard-to-lead-our-istanbul-bureau/">"Ben Hubbard to Lead Our Istanbul Bureau"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. June 10, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045041/https://www.nytco.com/press/ben-hubbard-to-lead-our-istanbul-bureau/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ben+Hubbard+to+Lead+Our+Istanbul+Bureau&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-06-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fben-hubbard-to-lead-our-istanbul-bureau%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022h" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/corina-knoll-named-los-angeles-bureau-chief/">"Corina Knoll Named Los Angeles Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. July 14, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110064557/https://www.nytco.com/press/corina-knoll-named-los-angeles-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Corina+Knoll+Named+Los+Angeles+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-07-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fcorina-knoll-named-los-angeles-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022i" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/andrew-kramer-named-ukraine-bureau-chief/">"Andrew Kramer Named Ukraine Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. July 22, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123015615/https://www.nytco.com/press/andrew-kramer-named-ukraine-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Andrew+Kramer+Named+Ukraine+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-07-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fandrew-kramer-named-ukraine-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022j" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/new-roles-for-maria-abi-habib-and-natalie-kitroeff-in-mexico-city/">"New Roles for Maria Abi-Habib and Natalie Kitroeff in Mexico City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. September 1, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045036/https://www.nytco.com/press/new-roles-for-maria-abi-habib-and-natalie-kitroeff-in-mexico-city/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+Roles+for+Maria+Abi-Habib+and+Natalie+Kitroeff+in+Mexico+City&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-09-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fnew-roles-for-maria-abi-habib-and-natalie-kitroeff-in-mexico-city%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/rick-rojas-named-atlanta-bureau-chief/">"Rick Rojas Named Atlanta Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. October 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rick+Rojas+Named+Atlanta+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-10-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Frick-rojas-named-atlanta-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/jenna-russell-joins-the-times-as-new-england-bureau-chief/">"Jenna Russell Joins The Times as New England Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. October 27, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108025737/https://www.nytco.com/press/jenna-russell-joins-the-times-as-new-england-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Jenna+Russell+Joins+The+Times+as+New+England+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-10-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fjenna-russell-joins-the-times-as-new-england-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022m" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/our-new-gulf-bureau-chief/">"Our New Gulf Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. October 27, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112032334/https://www.nytco.com/press/our-new-gulf-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+New+Gulf+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2022-10-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Four-new-gulf-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/maria-cramer-is-new-police-bureau-chief/">"Maria Cramer Is New Police Bureau Chief"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. January 5, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112041101/https://www.nytco.com/press/maria-cramer-is-new-police-bureau-chief/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Maria+Cramer+Is+New+Police+Bureau+Chief&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2024-01-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fmaria-cramer-is-new-police-bureau-chief%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/new-roles-for-emily-cochrane-and-campbell-robertson/">"New Roles for Emily Cochrane and Campbell Robertson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. January 27, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112041100/https://www.nytco.com/press/new-roles-for-emily-cochrane-and-campbell-robertson/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+Roles+for+Emily+Cochrane+and+Campbell+Robertson&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2024-01-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fnew-roles-for-emily-cochrane-and-campbell-robertson%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023c" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/promotion-for-christina-goldbaum/">"Promotion for Christina Goldbaum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. April 24, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112041100/https://www.nytco.com/press/promotion-for-christina-goldbaum/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Promotion+for+Christina+Goldbaum&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2023-04-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fpromotion-for-christina-goldbaum%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023d" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/tiles-and-sudoku-join-nyt-games-app/">"Tiles and Sudoku Join NYT Games App"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. May 16, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114190021/https://www.nytco.com/press/tiles-and-sudoku-join-nyt-games-app/">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tiles+and+Sudoku+Join+NYT+Games+App&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2023-05-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Ftiles-and-sudoku-join-nyt-games-app%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2024a" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/new-correspondent-in-australia/">"New Correspondent in Australia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. September 11, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+Correspondent+in+Australia&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2024-09-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fnew-correspondent-in-australia%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2024b" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytco.com/press/the-new-york-times-establishes-vietnam-bureau/">"The New York Times Establishes Vietnam Bureau"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. September 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times+Establishes+Vietnam+Bureau&amp;rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&amp;rft.date=2024-09-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytco.com%2Fpress%2Fthe-new-york-times-establishes-vietnam-bureau%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4></div>
+<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
+<div class="side-box-abovebelow">
+<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>The New York Times</b> <hr /></div>
+<div class="side-box-flex">
+<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&amp;su=The+New+York+Times">Resources in your library</a></li>
+<li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&amp;su=The+New+York+Times&amp;library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li>
+</ul></div></div>
+</div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Berger" title="Meyer Berger">Berger, Meyer</a> (1951). <i>The Story of the New York Times, 1851-1951</i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon &amp; Schuster">Simon &amp; Schuster</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+New+York+Times%2C+1851-1951&amp;rft.place=New+York+City&amp;rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&amp;rft.date=1951&amp;rft.aulast=Berger&amp;rft.aufirst=Meyer&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1921" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Davis" title="Elmer Davis">Davis, Elmer</a> (1921). <i>History of the New York Times: 1851-1921</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+New+York+Times%3A+1851-1921&amp;rft.date=1921&amp;rft.aulast=Davis&amp;rft.aufirst=Elmer&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHesser2010b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Hesser" title="Amanda Hesser">Hesser, Amanda</a> (2010). <i>The Essential New York Times Cookbook: Classic Recipes for a New Century</i> (1&#160;ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton &amp; Company">W. W. Norton &amp; Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393061031" title="Special:BookSources/9780393061031"><bdi>9780393061031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Essential+New+York+Times+Cookbook%3A+Classic+Recipes+for+a+New+Century&amp;rft.place=New+York+City&amp;rft.edition=1&amp;rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=9780393061031&amp;rft.aulast=Hesser&amp;rft.aufirst=Amanda&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinHansen1998" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Shannon; Hansen, Kathleen (1998). <i>Newspapers of Record in a Digital Age: From Hot Type to Hot Link</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275959609" title="Special:BookSources/9780275959609"><bdi>9780275959609</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Newspapers+of+Record+in+a+Digital+Age%3A+From+Hot+Type+to+Hot+Link&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=9780275959609&amp;rft.aulast=Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=Shannon&amp;rft.au=Hansen%2C+Kathleen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMnookin2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seth_Mnookin" title="Seth Mnookin">Mnookin, Seth</a> (2004). <a href="/wiki/Hard_News_(book)" title="Hard News (book)"><i>Hard News: The Scandals at the New York Times and Their Meaning for American Media</i></a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812972511" title="Special:BookSources/9780812972511"><bdi>9780812972511</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hard+News%3A+The+Scandals+at+the+New+York+Times+and+Their+Meaning+for+American+Media&amp;rft.place=New+York+City&amp;rft.pub=Random+House&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9780812972511&amp;rft.aulast=Mnookin&amp;rft.aufirst=Seth&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagourney2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Nagourney" title="Adam Nagourney">Nagourney, Adam</a> (2023). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times:_How_the_Newspaper_of_Record_Survived_Scandal,_Scorn,_and_the_Transformation_of_Journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times: How the Newspaper of Record Survived Scandal, Scorn, and the Transformation of Journalism">The Times: How the Newspaper of Record Survived Scandal, Scorn, and the Transformation of Journalism</a></i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780451499363" title="Special:BookSources/9780451499363"><bdi>9780451499363</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Times%3A+How+the+Newspaper+of+Record+Survived+Scandal%2C+Scorn%2C+and+the+Transformation+of+Journalism&amp;rft.place=New+York+City&amp;rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft.isbn=9780451499363&amp;rft.aulast=Nagourney&amp;rft.aufirst=Adam&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhelps2009" class="citation book cs1">Phelps, Robert (2009). <i>God and the Editor: My Search for Meaning at The New York Times</i>. Syracuse: <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815609148" title="Special:BookSources/9780815609148"><bdi>9780815609148</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=God+and+the+Editor%3A+My+Search+for+Meaning+at+The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.place=Syracuse&amp;rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=9780815609148&amp;rft.aulast=Phelps&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_R._Schwarz" title="Daniel R. Schwarz">Schwarz, Daniel</a> (2012). <i>End Times? Crises and Turmoil at The New York Times, 1999–2009</i>. Albany: <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Press" title="SUNY Press">SUNY Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781438438986" title="Special:BookSources/9781438438986"><bdi>9781438438986</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=End+Times%3F+Crises+and+Turmoil+at+The+New+York+Times%2C+1999%E2%80%932009&amp;rft.place=Albany&amp;rft.pub=SUNY+Press&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=9781438438986&amp;rft.aulast=Schwarz&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSterling2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_H._Sterling" title="Christopher H. Sterling">Sterling, Christopher H.</a> (2009). <i>Encyclopedia of Journalism</i>. Vol.&#160;3. New York City: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761929574" title="Special:BookSources/9780761929574"><bdi>9780761929574</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Journalism&amp;rft.place=New+York+City&amp;rft.pub=SAGE+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=9780761929574&amp;rft.aulast=Sterling&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher+H.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sullivan_(journalist)" title="Margaret Sullivan (journalist)">Sullivan, Margaret</a> (2022). <i>Newsroom Confidential: Lessons (and Worries) from an Ink-Stained Life</i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin&#39;s Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781250281906" title="Special:BookSources/9781250281906"><bdi>9781250281906</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Newsroom+Confidential%3A+Lessons+%28and+Worries%29+from+an+Ink-Stained+Life&amp;rft.place=New+York+City&amp;rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft.isbn=9781250281906&amp;rft.aulast=Sullivan&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalese1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gay_Talese" title="Gay Talese">Talese, Gay</a> (1981). <a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_and_the_Power" title="The Kingdom and the Power"><i>The Kingdom and the Power</i></a> (2&#160;ed.). Cleveland: <a href="/wiki/World_Publishing_Company" title="World Publishing Company">World Publishing Company</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Kingdom+and+the+Power&amp;rft.place=Cleveland&amp;rft.edition=2&amp;rft.pub=World+Publishing+Company&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.aulast=Talese&amp;rft.aufirst=Gay&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUsher2014" class="citation book cs1">Usher, Nikki (2014). <i>Making News at the New York Times</i>. Ann Arbor: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780472035960" title="Special:BookSources/9780472035960"><bdi>9780472035960</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Making+News+at+the+New+York+Times&amp;rft.place=Ann+Arbor&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=9780472035960&amp;rft.aulast=Usher&amp;rft.aufirst=Nikki&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reports">Reports</h4></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommunications_and_Digital_Committee2008" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/122i.pdf">The ownership of the news</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Communications_and_Digital_Committee" title="Communications and Digital Committee">Communications and Digital Committee</a>. June 27, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001230624/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/122i.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=report&amp;rft.btitle=The+ownership+of+the+news&amp;rft.pub=Communications+and+Digital+Committee&amp;rft.date=2008-06-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld200708%2Fldselect%2Fldcomuni%2F122%2F122i.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Magazines">Magazines</h4></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChittum2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Chittum, Ryan (April 2010). "IPad Review: <i>New York Times</i> vs. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Journalism_Review" title="Columbia Journalism Review">Columbia Journalism Review</a></i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism">Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Columbia+Journalism+Review&amp;rft.atitle=IPad+Review%3A+New+York+Times+vs.+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.date=2010-04&amp;rft.aulast=Chittum&amp;rft.aufirst=Ryan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journals">Journals</h4></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgeWaldfogel2006" class="citation journal cs1">George, Lisa; <a href="/wiki/Joel_Waldfogel" title="Joel Waldfogel">Waldfogel, Joel</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/000282806776157551">"The <i>New York Times</i> and the Market for Local Newspapers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Review" title="American Economic Review">American Economic Review</a></i>. <b>96</b> (1): 435–447. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2F000282806776157551">10.1257/000282806776157551</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8282">0002-8282</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210173356/https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/000282806776157551">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Review&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+and+the+Market+for+Local+Newspapers&amp;rft.volume=96&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=435-447&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2F000282806776157551&amp;rft.issn=0002-8282&amp;rft.aulast=George&amp;rft.aufirst=Lisa&amp;rft.au=Waldfogel%2C+Joel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeaweb.org%2Farticles%3Fid%3D10.1257%2F000282806776157551&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGómez-Garcíade_la_Hera_Conde-Pumpido2023" class="citation journal cs1">Gómez-García, Salvador; de la Hera Conde-Pumpido, Teresa (June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15554120221105461">"Newsgames: The Use of Digital Games by Mass-Media Outlets to Convey Journalistic Messages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Games_and_Culture" title="Games and Culture">Games and Culture</a></i>. <b>18</b> (4): 449–474. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F15554120221105461">10.1177/15554120221105461</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:258568580">258568580</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231217044544/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15554120221105461">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Games+and+Culture&amp;rft.atitle=Newsgames%3A+The+Use+of+Digital+Games+by+Mass-Media+Outlets+to+Convey+Journalistic+Messages&amp;rft.volume=18&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=449-474&amp;rft.date=2023-06&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F15554120221105461&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A258568580%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=G%C3%B3mez-Garc%C3%ADa&amp;rft.aufirst=Salvador&amp;rft.au=de+la+Hera+Conde-Pumpido%2C+Teresa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1177%2F15554120221105461&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicksWang2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hicks, Diana; Wang, Jian (July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243913497806">"The <i>New York Times</i> as a Resource for Mode 2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science,_Technology,_%26_Human_Values" title="Science, Technology, &amp; Human Values">Science, Technology, &amp; Human Values</a></i>. <b>38</b> (6): 851–877. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0162243913497806">10.1177/0162243913497806</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F59069">1887/59069</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73641050">73641050</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114182703/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0162243913497806">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Science%2C+Technology%2C+%26+Human+Values&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+as+a+Resource+for+Mode+2&amp;rft.volume=38&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=851-877&amp;rft.date=2013-07&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F59069&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A73641050%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0162243913497806&amp;rft.aulast=Hicks&amp;rft.aufirst=Diana&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Jian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0162243913497806&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeo2022" class="citation journal cs1">Seo, Soomin (June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14648849221105924">"Why the media gets it wrong when it comes to North Korea: Cases of 'dead' North Koreans in the Kim Jong-un era"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journalism_(journal)" title="Journalism (journal)">Journalism</a></i>. <b>24</b> (9): 1899–1918. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F14648849221105924">10.1177/14648849221105924</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249327054">249327054</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108045031/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14648849221105924">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journalism&amp;rft.atitle=Why+the+media+gets+it+wrong+when+it+comes+to+North+Korea%3A+Cases+of+%27dead%27+North+Koreans+in+the+Kim+Jong-un+era&amp;rft.volume=24&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.pages=1899-1918&amp;rft.date=2022-06&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F14648849221105924&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A249327054%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Seo&amp;rft.aufirst=Soomin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F14648849221105924&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValdeón2023" class="citation journal cs1">Valdeón, Roberto (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13556509.2022.2145880">"Translation and the tabloidization of the <i>New York Times</i> in Spanish"</a>. <i>The Translator</i>. <b>29</b> (3): 346–361. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13556509.2022.2145880">10.1080/13556509.2022.2145880</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254201781">254201781</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105211137/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13556509.2022.2145880">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Translator&amp;rft.atitle=Translation+and+the+tabloidization+of+the+New+York+Times+in+Spanish&amp;rft.volume=29&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=346-361&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13556509.2022.2145880&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254201781%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Valde%C3%B3n&amp;rft.aufirst=Roberto&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F13556509.2022.2145880&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Podcasts_2">Podcasts</h4></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstle2021" class="citation podcast cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Astle" title="David Astle">Astle, David</a> (October 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/melbourne-evenings/into-the-rip/13579926">"New York Times' Damien Cave shares the lessons he learnt in Australia"</a> (Podcast). <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Company" title="Australian Broadcasting Company">Australian Broadcasting Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112035223/https://www.abc.net.au/listen/programs/melbourne-evenings/into-the-rip/13579926">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Times%27+Damien+Cave+shares+the+lessons+he+learnt+in+Australia&amp;rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Company&amp;rft.date=2021-10-11&amp;rft.aulast=Astle&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flisten%2Fprograms%2Fmelbourne-evenings%2Finto-the-rip%2F13579926&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatel2023" class="citation podcast cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nilay_Patel" title="Nilay Patel">Patel, Nilay</a> (March 23, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/23651323/new-york-times-ceo-meredith-kopit-levien-wordle-the-athletic-sports-cooking">"How to play the long game, with New York Times CEO Meredith Kopit Levien"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i> (Podcast). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109233043/https://www.theverge.com/23651323/new-york-times-ceo-meredith-kopit-levien-wordle-the-athletic-sports-cooking">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+to+play+the+long+game%2C+with+New+York+Times+CEO+Meredith+Kopit+Levien&amp;rft.date=2023-03-23&amp;rft.aulast=Patel&amp;rft.aufirst=Nilay&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F23651323%2Fnew-york-times-ceo-meredith-kopit-levien-wordle-the-athletic-sports-cooking&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Articles">Articles</h4></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlterman2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Alterman, Eric (March 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/171286/new-york-times-israel-coverage-history-netanyahu">"The New York Times and Israel: What Is (and Isn't) Fit for Print"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+and+Israel%3A+What+Is+%28and+Isn%27t%29+Fit+for+Print&amp;rft.date=2023-03-22&amp;rft.aulast=Alterman&amp;rft.aufirst=Eric&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F171286%2Fnew-york-times-israel-coverage-history-netanyahu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/m9v6oa">"The unravelling of The New York Times' 'Hamas rape' story"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>. March 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+unravelling+of+The+New+York+Times%27+%27Hamas+rape%27+story&amp;rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&amp;rft.date=2024-03-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fm9v6oa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2016" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/d96bac2661694347ad1b6b403106c44d/Sorry-Trump,-NY-Times-says-subscriptions-rose-since-election">"Sorry Trump, NY Times says subscriptions rose since election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. November 17, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231102045255/https://apnews.com/d96bac2661694347ad1b6b403106c44d/Sorry-Trump,-NY-Times-says-subscriptions-rose-since-election">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sorry+Trump%2C+NY+Times+says+subscriptions+rose+since+election&amp;rft.pub=Associated+Press&amp;rft.date=2016-11-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fd96bac2661694347ad1b6b403106c44d%2FSorry-Trump%2C-NY-Times-says-subscriptions-rose-since-election&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAx2023" class="citation web cs1">Ax, Joseph (May 8, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/los-angeles-times-wins-pulitzer-prize-breaking-news-2023-05-08/">"Associated Press, New York Times win Pulitzers for Ukraine coverage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231113054827/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/los-angeles-times-wins-pulitzer-prize-breaking-news-2023-05-08/">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Associated+Press%2C+New+York+Times+win+Pulitzers+for+Ukraine+coverage&amp;rft.pub=Associated+Press&amp;rft.date=2023-05-08&amp;rft.aulast=Ax&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia-telecom%2Flos-angeles-times-wins-pulitzer-prize-breaking-news-2023-05-08%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkerFontanella-Khan2022" class="citation web cs1">Barker, Alex; Fontanella-Khan, James (August 11, 2022). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/b69100bf-c857-4992-894a-af85ad0e164b">"ValueAct takes 7% stake in New York Times with call for new approach"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231064148/https://www.ft.com/content/b69100bf-c857-4992-894a-af85ad0e164b">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&amp;rft.atitle=ValueAct+takes+7%25+stake+in+New+York+Times+with+call+for+new+approach&amp;rft.date=2022-08-11&amp;rft.aulast=Barker&amp;rft.aufirst=Alex&amp;rft.au=Fontanella-Khan%2C+James&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fb69100bf-c857-4992-894a-af85ad0e164b&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnett2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Barnett" title="Emma Barnett">Barnett, Emma</a> (November 6, 2010). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/8113789/Andrew-Ross-Sorkin-The-man-behind-Dealbook.html">"Andrew Ross Sorkin: The man behind Dealbook"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202064151/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/8113789/Andrew-Ross-Sorkin-The-man-behind-Dealbook.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=Andrew+Ross+Sorkin%3A+The+man+behind+Dealbook&amp;rft.date=2010-11-06&amp;rft.aulast=Barnett&amp;rft.aufirst=Emma&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2F8113789%2FAndrew-Ross-Sorkin-The-man-behind-Dealbook.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBisley2017" class="citation web cs1">Bisley, Alexander (June 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/conversations/2017/6/28/15876772/pamela-paul-interview-summer-reading">"How the books editor of the New York Times decides what to read"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112214814/https://www.vox.com/conversations/2017/6/28/15876772/pamela-paul-interview-summer-reading">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=How+the+books+editor+of+the+New+York+Times+decides+what+to+read&amp;rft.date=2017-06-28&amp;rft.aulast=Bisley&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fconversations%2F2017%2F6%2F28%2F15876772%2Fpamela-paul-interview-summer-reading&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonner2011" class="citation web cs1">Bonner, Stayton (May 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2011/05/mr-bin-laden-why-did-the-new-york-times-strip-osama-of-his-honorific.html">"Goodbye, Mr. Terrorist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114170559/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2011/05/mr-bin-laden-why-did-the-new-york-times-strip-osama-of-his-honorific.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Slate&amp;rft.atitle=Goodbye%2C+Mr.+Terrorist&amp;rft.date=2011-05-02&amp;rft.aulast=Bonner&amp;rft.aufirst=Stayton&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2011%2F05%2Fmr-bin-laden-why-did-the-new-york-times-strip-osama-of-his-honorific.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranign2023" class="citation news cs1">Branign, Anne (May 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2023/05/18/wall-street-journal-courtesy-titles/">"Bye, Mister: Why (most) journalists turned against courtesy titles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230523142858/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2023/05/18/wall-street-journal-courtesy-titles/">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Bye%2C+Mister%3A+Why+%28most%29+journalists+turned+against+courtesy+titles&amp;rft.date=2023-05-18&amp;rft.aulast=Branign&amp;rft.aufirst=Anne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2F2023%2F05%2F18%2Fwall-street-journal-courtesy-titles%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruell2023a" class="citation web cs1">Bruell, Alexandra (July 9, 2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/he-pushed-the-new-york-times-to-buy-wordle-now-he-has-to-make-sports-work-ea22d743">"He Pushed the New York Times to Buy Wordle. Now He Has to Make Sports Work"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231006142212/https://www.wsj.com/articles/he-pushed-the-new-york-times-to-buy-wordle-now-he-has-to-make-sports-work-ea22d743">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=He+Pushed+the+New+York+Times+to+Buy+Wordle.+Now+He+Has+to+Make+Sports+Work.&amp;rft.date=2023-07-09&amp;rft.aulast=Bruell&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexandra&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fhe-pushed-the-new-york-times-to-buy-wordle-now-he-has-to-make-sports-work-ea22d743&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruell2023b" class="citation web cs1">Bruell, Alexandra (December 12, 2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/business/media/new-york-times-hires-first-newsroom-leader-focused-on-artificial-intelligence-facc83f1">"New York Times Hires First Newsroom Leader Focused on Artificial Intelligence"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20231212162814/https://www.wsj.com/business/media/new-york-times-hires-first-newsroom-leader-focused-on-artificial-intelligence-facc83f1">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Hires+First+Newsroom+Leader+Focused+on+Artificial+Intelligence&amp;rft.date=2023-12-12&amp;rft.aulast=Bruell&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexandra&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-hires-first-newsroom-leader-focused-on-artificial-intelligence-facc83f1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruell2024" class="citation web cs1">Bruell, Alexandra (April 15, 2024). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/business/media/new-york-times-ends-investigation-into-leak-over-gaza-coverage-without-conclusive-finding-fffc8739">"New York Times Ends Probe Into Leak Over Gaza Coverage Without Conclusive Finding"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240415174739/https://www.wsj.com/business/media/new-york-times-ends-investigation-into-leak-over-gaza-coverage-without-conclusive-finding-fffc8739">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Ends+Probe+Into+Leak+Over+Gaza+Coverage+Without+Conclusive+Finding&amp;rft.date=2024-04-15&amp;rft.aulast=Bruell&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexandra&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-ends-investigation-into-leak-over-gaza-coverage-without-conclusive-finding-fffc8739&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampinotiFrehse2024" class="citation web cs1">Campinoti, Maria; Frehse, Rob (January 12, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/12/media/donald-trump-new-york-times-legal-fees/index.html">"NY judge orders Trump to pay legal fees to NY Times after failed lawsuit over disclosure of his tax documents"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114033258/https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/12/media/donald-trump-new-york-times-legal-fees/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NY+judge+orders+Trump+to+pay+legal+fees+to+NY+Times+after+failed+lawsuit+over+disclosure+of+his+tax+documents&amp;rft.pub=CNN&amp;rft.date=2024-01-12&amp;rft.aulast=Campinoti&amp;rft.aufirst=Maria&amp;rft.au=Frehse%2C+Rob&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F01%2F12%2Fmedia%2Fdonald-trump-new-york-times-legal-fees%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2022" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Nicole (February 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/22928051/wordle-streak-new-york-times-nyt-migration">"Wordle streaks return for some players impacted by NYT migration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210230327/https://www.polygon.com/22928051/wordle-streak-new-york-times-nyt-migration">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Polygon&amp;rft.atitle=Wordle+streaks+return+for+some+players+impacted+by+NYT+migration&amp;rft.date=2022-02-10&amp;rft.aulast=Carpenter&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicole&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F22928051%2Fwordle-streak-new-york-times-nyt-migration&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCBS_News2017" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sexual-harassment-2017-jodi-kantor-megan-twohey-reporting-impact/">"NYT reporters on breaking Harvey Weinstein story, #MeToo "reckoning"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. December 19, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118182831/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sexual-harassment-2017-jodi-kantor-megan-twohey-reporting-impact/">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NYT+reporters+on+breaking+Harvey+Weinstein+story%2C+%23MeToo+%22reckoning%22&amp;rft.pub=CBS+News&amp;rft.date=2017-12-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fsexual-harassment-2017-jodi-kantor-megan-twohey-reporting-impact%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2022" class="citation web cs1">Chan, J. Clara (September 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/new-york-times-cooking-kits-1235220211/">"New York Times to Sell $95 At-Home Cooking Kits Curated by Guest Chefs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190622/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/new-york-times-cooking-kits-1235220211/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+to+Sell+%2495+At-Home+Cooking+Kits+Curated+by+Guest+Chefs&amp;rft.date=2022-09-14&amp;rft.aulast=Chan&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+Clara&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fbusiness%2Fbusiness-news%2Fnew-york-times-cooking-kits-1235220211%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChayka2019" class="citation web cs1">Chayka, Kyle (January 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200317204635/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/content-management-system-essay-wordpress-drupal-internet-feature/">"In the Shadow of the CMS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/content-management-system-essay-wordpress-drupal-internet-feature/">the original</a></span> on March 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Nation&amp;rft.atitle=In+the+Shadow+of+the+CMS&amp;rft.date=2019-01-14&amp;rft.aulast=Chayka&amp;rft.aufirst=Kyle&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Farchive%2Fcontent-management-system-essay-wordpress-drupal-internet-feature%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiu2019" class="citation news cs1">Chiu, Allyson (August 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/08/06/new-york-times-headline-trump-backlash/">"Trump lashes out after New York Times amends 'bad' headline about his response to mass shootings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130035941/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/08/06/new-york-times-headline-trump-backlash/">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Trump+lashes+out+after+New+York+Times+amends+%27bad%27+headline+about+his+response+to+mass+shootings&amp;rft.date=2019-08-07&amp;rft.aulast=Chiu&amp;rft.aufirst=Allyson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2019%2F08%2F06%2Fnew-york-times-headline-trump-backlash%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD&#39;Orazio2013" class="citation web cs1">D'Orazio, Dante (July 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/12/4518740/new-york-times-working-on-digital-only-magazine-cheaper-subscription">"New York Times working on digital-only magazine, cheaper 'Need to Know' subscription"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106170401/https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/12/4518740/new-york-times-working-on-digital-only-magazine-cheaper-subscription">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Verge&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+working+on+digital-only+magazine%2C+cheaper+%27Need+to+Know%27+subscription&amp;rft.date=2013-07-12&amp;rft.aulast=D%27Orazio&amp;rft.aufirst=Dante&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2013%2F7%2F12%2F4518740%2Fnew-york-times-working-on-digital-only-magazine-cheaper-subscription&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Visé2022" class="citation web cs1">de Visé, Daniel (December 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/media/3760391-is-long-form-journalism-dying-a-five-minute-read/">"Is long-form journalism dying? A five-minute read"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hill (magazine)">The Hill</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114182703/https://thehill.com/homenews/media/3760391-is-long-form-journalism-dying-a-five-minute-read/">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hill&amp;rft.atitle=Is+long-form+journalism+dying%3F+A+five-minute+read&amp;rft.date=2022-12-04&amp;rft.aulast=de+Vis%C3%A9&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fmedia%2F3760391-is-long-form-journalism-dying-a-five-minute-read%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDealBook2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/DealBook" class="mw-redirect" title="DealBook">DealBook</a> (March 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2006/03/01/dealbook-faq/">"DealBook FAQ"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/DealBook" class="mw-redirect" title="DealBook">DealBook</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114182704/https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2006/03/01/dealbook-faq/">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=DealBook&amp;rft.atitle=DealBook+FAQ&amp;rft.date=2006-03-01&amp;rft.au=DealBook&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F03%2F01%2Fdealbook-faq%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDewar1978" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helen_Dewar" title="Helen Dewar">Dewar, Helen</a> (November 2, 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/11/02/pressmen-reach-tentative-pact-in-84-day-ny-newspaper-strike/22367071-f86d-4525-9066-104d887e2c6b/">"Pressmen Reach Tentative Pact In 84-Day N.Y. Newspaper Strike"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108075812/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/11/02/pressmen-reach-tentative-pact-in-84-day-ny-newspaper-strike/22367071-f86d-4525-9066-104d887e2c6b/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Pressmen+Reach+Tentative+Pact+In+84-Day+N.Y.+Newspaper+Strike&amp;rft.date=1978-11-02&amp;rft.aulast=Dewar&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1978%2F11%2F02%2Fpressmen-reach-tentative-pact-in-84-day-ny-newspaper-strike%2F22367071-f86d-4525-9066-104d887e2c6b%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2022a" class="citation web cs1">Diaz, Ana (February 11, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/22929386/wordle-banned-words-offensive-nyt">"Wordle blocks certain offensive words, now that it's owned by NYT"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126033244/https://www.polygon.com/22929386/wordle-banned-words-offensive-nyt">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Polygon&amp;rft.atitle=Wordle+blocks+certain+offensive+words%2C+now+that+it%27s+owned+by+NYT&amp;rft.date=2022-02-11&amp;rft.aulast=Diaz&amp;rft.aufirst=Ana&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F22929386%2Fwordle-banned-words-offensive-nyt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2022b" class="citation web cs1">Diaz, Jaclyn (October 28, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/10/28/1131500833/me-too-harvey-weinstein-anniversary">"Where the #MeToo movement stands, 5 years after Weinstein allegations came to light"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231117210553/https://www.npr.org/2022/10/28/1131500833/me-too-harvey-weinstein-anniversary">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Where+the+%23MeToo+movement+stands%2C+5+years+after+Weinstein+allegations+came+to+light&amp;rft.pub=NPR&amp;rft.date=2022-10-28&amp;rft.aulast=Diaz&amp;rft.aufirst=Jaclyn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F10%2F28%2F1131500833%2Fme-too-harvey-weinstein-anniversary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDisis2018" class="citation web cs1">Disis, Jill (November 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/21/media/nyt-cooking/index.html">"How NYT Cooking amassed 120,000 subscriptions in a year and a half"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190622/https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/21/media/nyt-cooking/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+NYT+Cooking+amassed+120%2C000+subscriptions+in+a+year+and+a+half&amp;rft.pub=CNN&amp;rft.date=2018-11-21&amp;rft.aulast=Disis&amp;rft.aufirst=Jill&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F11%2F21%2Fmedia%2Fnyt-cooking%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmonds2018" class="citation web cs1">Edmonds, Rick (February 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2018/dont-look-now-but-digital-photo-display-runs-rings-around-print/">"Don't look now, but digital photo display runs rings around print"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227210306/https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2018/dont-look-now-but-digital-photo-display-runs-rings-around-print/">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Don%27t+look+now%2C+but+digital+photo+display+runs+rings+around+print&amp;rft.pub=Poynter+Institute&amp;rft.date=2018-02-06&amp;rft.aulast=Edmonds&amp;rft.aufirst=Rick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Fbusiness-work%2F2018%2Fdont-look-now-but-digital-photo-display-runs-rings-around-print%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllison2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Ellison" title="Sarah Ellison">Ellison, Sarah</a> (March 21, 2007). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117441975619343135">"How a Money Manager Battled New York Times"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070328181845/http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB117441975619343135-nb3xaCqDA7AjGYGGjWb0pkAVzt8_20080320.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=How+a+Money+Manager+Battled+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=2007-03-21&amp;rft.aulast=Ellison&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB117441975619343135&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllison2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Ellison" title="Sarah Ellison">Ellison, Sarah</a> (November 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/11/30/washington-post-magazine-ends/">"The Washington Post will end its Sunday magazine, eliminate positions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627041025/https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/11/30/washington-post-magazine-ends/">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=The+Washington+Post+will+end+its+Sunday+magazine%2C+eliminate+positions&amp;rft.date=2022-11-30&amp;rft.aulast=Ellison&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2F11%2F30%2Fwashington-post-magazine-ends%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEskin2016" class="citation web cs1">Eskin, Blake (November 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/824034/the-new-york-times-needs-to-stop-being-squeamish-about-swear-words">"When it comes to swear words, data reveals the New York Times is surprisingly squeamish about reality"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231126033243/https://qz.com/824034/the-new-york-times-needs-to-stop-being-squeamish-about-swear-words">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Quartz&amp;rft.atitle=When+it+comes+to+swear+words%2C+data+reveals+the+New+York+Times+is+surprisingly+squeamish+about+reality&amp;rft.date=2016-11-01&amp;rft.aulast=Eskin&amp;rft.aufirst=Blake&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F824034%2Fthe-new-york-times-needs-to-stop-being-squeamish-about-swear-words&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2015" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (September 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/how-publishing-a-35000-word-manifesto-led-to-the-unabomber/2015/09/18/e55229e0-5cac-11e5-9757-e49273f05f65_story.html">"How publishing a 35,000-word manifesto led to the Unabomber"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231121024302/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/how-publishing-a-35000-word-manifesto-led-to-the-unabomber/2015/09/18/e55229e0-5cac-11e5-9757-e49273f05f65_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=How+publishing+a+35%2C000-word+manifesto+led+to+the+Unabomber&amp;rft.date=2015-09-19&amp;rft.aulast=Farhi&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fhow-publishing-a-35000-word-manifesto-led-to-the-unabomber%2F2015%2F09%2F18%2Fe55229e0-5cac-11e5-9757-e49273f05f65_story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2019" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (October 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/trump-instructs-federal-agencies-to-cancel-washington-post-and-new-york-times-subscriptions/2019/10/24/aefcf0b0-f68a-11e9-8cf0-4cc99f74d127_story.html">"Trump instructs federal agencies to end Washington Post and New York Times subscriptions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231121231215/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/trump-instructs-federal-agencies-to-cancel-washington-post-and-new-york-times-subscriptions/2019/10/24/aefcf0b0-f68a-11e9-8cf0-4cc99f74d127_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Trump+instructs+federal+agencies+to+end+Washington+Post+and+New+York+Times+subscriptions&amp;rft.date=2019-10-24&amp;rft.aulast=Farhi&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Ftrump-instructs-federal-agencies-to-cancel-washington-post-and-new-york-times-subscriptions%2F2019%2F10%2F24%2Faefcf0b0-f68a-11e9-8cf0-4cc99f74d127_story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2023" class="citation web cs1">Fischer, Sara (May 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2023/05/18/the-new-york-times-launches-subscriber-only-podcast-app-nyt-audio">"The New York Times launches subscriber-only podcast app NYT Audio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160317/https://www.axios.com/2023/05/18/the-new-york-times-launches-subscriber-only-podcast-app-nyt-audio">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Axios&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+launches+subscriber-only+podcast+app+NYT+Audio&amp;rft.date=2023-05-18&amp;rft.aulast=Fischer&amp;rft.aufirst=Sara&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2023%2F05%2F18%2Fthe-new-york-times-launches-subscriber-only-podcast-app-nyt-audio&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflik2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Folkenflik" title="David Folkenflik">Folkenflik, David</a> (May 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/05/08/1097097620/new-york-times-pulitzer-ukraine-walter-duranty">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The New York Times' can't shake the cloud over a 90-year-old Pulitzer Prize"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208151232/https://www.npr.org/2022/05/08/1097097620/new-york-times-pulitzer-ukraine-walter-duranty">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%27The+New+York+Times%27+can%27t+shake+the+cloud+over+a+90-year-old+Pulitzer+Prize&amp;rft.pub=NPR&amp;rft.date=2022-05-08&amp;rft.aulast=Folkenflik&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F05%2F08%2F1097097620%2Fnew-york-times-pulitzer-ukraine-walter-duranty&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflik2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Folkenflik" title="David Folkenflik">Folkenflik, David</a> (March 6, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/03/06/1236130609/new-york-times-hamas-attacks-israel-palestine">"Newsroom at 'New York Times' fractures over story on Hamas attacks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240306104914/https://www.npr.org/2024/03/06/1236130609/new-york-times-hamas-attacks-israel-palestine">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Newsroom+at+%27New+York+Times%27+fractures+over+story+on+Hamas+attacks&amp;rft.pub=NPR&amp;rft.date=2024-03-06&amp;rft.aulast=Folkenflik&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F03%2F06%2F1236130609%2Fnew-york-times-hamas-attacks-israel-palestine&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFu2021" class="citation web cs1">Fu, Angela (August 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2021/new-york-times-tech-workers-escalate-union-conflict-with-half-day-walkout/">"New York Times tech workers escalate union conflict with half-day walkout"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230901134508/https://www.poynter.org/business-work/2021/new-york-times-tech-workers-escalate-union-conflict-with-half-day-walkout/">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Times+tech+workers+escalate+union+conflict+with+half-day+walkout&amp;rft.pub=Poynter+Institute&amp;rft.date=2021-08-11&amp;rft.aulast=Fu&amp;rft.aufirst=Angela&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Fbusiness-work%2F2021%2Fnew-york-times-tech-workers-escalate-union-conflict-with-half-day-walkout%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGapper2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gapper" title="John Gapper">Gapper, John</a> (February 3, 2022). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/2bf29211-c68f-4e0e-ab01-be248ada1e71">"Wordle and recipes are the secret sauce of news"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190622/https://www.ft.com/content/2bf29211-c68f-4e0e-ab01-be248ada1e71">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Wordle+and+recipes+are+the+secret+sauce+of+news&amp;rft.date=2022-02-03&amp;rft.aulast=Gapper&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F2bf29211-c68f-4e0e-ab01-be248ada1e71&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldfarb2015" class="citation news cs1">Goldfarb, Zachary (December 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/05/the-new-york-times-has-rare-front-page-editorial-calling-u-s-gun-laws-a-national-disgrace/">"N.Y. Times calls U.S. gun laws 'national disgrace' in first front-page editorial since 1920"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230127121948/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/12/05/the-new-york-times-has-rare-front-page-editorial-calling-u-s-gun-laws-a-national-disgrace/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=N.Y.+Times+calls+U.S.+gun+laws+%27national+disgrace%27+in+first+front-page+editorial+since+1920&amp;rft.date=2015-12-05&amp;rft.aulast=Goldfarb&amp;rft.aufirst=Zachary&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2015%2F12%2F05%2Fthe-new-york-times-has-rare-front-page-editorial-calling-u-s-gun-laws-a-national-disgrace%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodin2015" class="citation web cs1">Goodin, Dan (March 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-government/">"Massive denial-of-service attack on GitHub tied to Chinese government"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105032935/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/03/massive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-government/">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&amp;rft.atitle=Massive+denial-of-service+attack+on+GitHub+tied+to+Chinese+government&amp;rft.date=2015-03-31&amp;rft.aulast=Goodin&amp;rft.aufirst=Dan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2015%2F03%2Fmassive-denial-of-service-attack-on-github-tied-to-chinese-government%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaddon2018" class="citation web cs1">Haddon, Heather (July 17, 2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/chefd-meal-kit-maker-suspending-business-1531869430">"Chef'd Meal-Kit Maker Suspending Business"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190622/https://www.wsj.com/articles/chefd-meal-kit-maker-suspending-business-1531869430">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Chef%27d+Meal-Kit+Maker+Suspending+Business&amp;rft.date=2018-07-17&amp;rft.aulast=Haddon&amp;rft.aufirst=Heather&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fchefd-meal-kit-maker-suspending-business-1531869430&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeater2012a" class="citation web cs1">Heater, Brian (October 2, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2012-10-02-new-york-times-releases-experimental-html5-ipad-app-puts-twit.html">"New York Times releases 'experimental' HTML5 iPad app, puts Twitter trends front and center"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113070040/https://www.engadget.com/2012-10-02-new-york-times-releases-experimental-html5-ipad-app-puts-twit.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Engadget&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+releases+%27experimental%27+HTML5+iPad+app%2C+puts+Twitter+trends+front+and+center&amp;rft.date=2012-10-02&amp;rft.aulast=Heater&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2012-10-02-new-york-times-releases-experimental-html5-ipad-app-puts-twit.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeater2012b" class="citation web cs1">Heater, Brian (October 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2012-10-25-new-york-times-releases-windows-8-app-for-all-the-news-thats-fi.html">"New York Times releases Windows 8 app for all the news that's fit to tile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113070038/https://www.engadget.com/2012-10-25-new-york-times-releases-windows-8-app-for-all-the-news-thats-fi.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Engadget&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+releases+Windows+8+app+for+all+the+news+that%27s+fit+to+tile&amp;rft.date=2012-10-25&amp;rft.aulast=Heater&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2012-10-25-new-york-times-releases-windows-8-app-for-all-the-news-thats-fi.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks2022" class="citation web cs1">Hicks, Jasmine (August 24, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/24/23320567/wordle-word-game-new-york-times-crossword-app">"Wordle snags a place inside the New York Times Crossword app"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240203140004/https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/24/23320567/wordle-word-game-new-york-times-crossword-app">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Verge&amp;rft.atitle=Wordle+snags+a+place+inside+the+New+York+Times+Crossword+app&amp;rft.date=2022-08-24&amp;rft.aulast=Hicks&amp;rft.aufirst=Jasmine&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2022%2F8%2F24%2F23320567%2Fwordle-word-game-new-york-times-crossword-app&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollister2022" class="citation web cs1">Hollister, Sean (February 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/2/1/22912711/wordle-web-save-download-webpage-local-personal">"Wordle will be free forever because you can right-click to save the whole game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201233808/https://www.theverge.com/2022/2/1/22912711/wordle-web-save-download-webpage-local-personal">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Verge&amp;rft.atitle=Wordle+will+be+free+forever+because+you+can+right-click+to+save+the+whole+game&amp;rft.date=2022-02-01&amp;rft.aulast=Hollister&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2022%2F2%2F1%2F22912711%2Fwordle-web-save-download-webpage-local-personal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIzadi2022" class="citation news cs1">Izadi, Elahe (December 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/12/08/new-york-times-walkout-strike/">"New York Times staffers walk out en masse; first time in decades"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230428152937/https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/12/08/new-york-times-walkout-strike/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+staffers+walk+out+en+masse%3B+first+time+in+decades&amp;rft.date=2022-12-08&amp;rft.aulast=Izadi&amp;rft.aufirst=Elahe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2F12%2F08%2Fnew-york-times-walkout-strike%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnsonAli2024" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Adam; Ali, Othman (January 9, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2024/01/09/newspapers-israel-palestine-bias-new-york-times/">"Coverage of Gaza War in the New York Times and Other Major Newspapers Heavily Favored Israel, Analysis Shows"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&amp;rft.atitle=Coverage+of+Gaza+War+in+the+New+York+Times+and+Other+Major+Newspapers+Heavily+Favored+Israel%2C+Analysis+Shows&amp;rft.date=2024-01-09&amp;rft.aulast=Johnson&amp;rft.aufirst=Adam&amp;rft.au=Ali%2C+Othman&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2024%2F01%2F09%2Fnewspapers-israel-palestine-bias-new-york-times%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2023" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Tom (October 31, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poynter.org/commentary/2023/joe-biden-is-the-latest-to-criticize-the-new-york-times-gaza-coverage/">"Joe Biden is the latest to criticize The New York Times' Gaza coverage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115060231/https://www.poynter.org/commentary/2023/joe-biden-is-the-latest-to-criticize-the-new-york-times-gaza-coverage/">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Joe+Biden+is+the+latest+to+criticize+The+New+York+Times%27+Gaza+coverage&amp;rft.pub=Poynter+Institute&amp;rft.date=2023-10-31&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Fcommentary%2F2023%2Fjoe-biden-is-the-latest-to-criticize-the-new-york-times-gaza-coverage%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKafkaMolla2017" class="citation web cs1">Kafka, Peter; Molla, Rani (May 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2017/5/4/15550052/new-york-times-subscription-advertising-revenue-chart">"How the New York Times saved itself"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231118171852/https://www.vox.com/2017/5/4/15550052/new-york-times-subscription-advertising-revenue-chart">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=How+the+New+York+Times+saved+itself&amp;rft.date=2017-05-04&amp;rft.aulast=Kafka&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.au=Molla%2C+Rani&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2017%2F5%2F4%2F15550052%2Fnew-york-times-subscription-advertising-revenue-chart&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKafka2022a" class="citation web cs1">Kafka, Peter (January 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/recode/22870773/athletic-new-york-times-550-million-explained">"Why the New York Times is buying the Athletic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030073413/https://www.vox.com/recode/22870773/athletic-new-york-times-550-million-explained">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=Why+the+New+York+Times+is+buying+the+Athletic&amp;rft.date=2022-01-06&amp;rft.aulast=Kafka&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Frecode%2F22870773%2Fathletic-new-york-times-550-million-explained&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKafka2022b" class="citation web cs1">Kafka, Peter (April 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/recode/23011969/new-york-times-subscriber-athletic-age-peter-kafka-media-column">"The New York Times's old white Democrats problem"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426220709/https://www.vox.com/recode/23011969/new-york-times-subscriber-athletic-age-peter-kafka-media-column">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times%27s+old+white+Democrats+problem&amp;rft.date=2022-04-06&amp;rft.aulast=Kafka&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Frecode%2F23011969%2Fnew-york-times-subscriber-athletic-age-peter-kafka-media-column&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalish2023" class="citation web cs1">Kalish, Lil (February 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/lilkalish/trans-writers-open-letter-nyt-biased-coverage">"These New York Times Contributors Say The Paper's Coverage Of Gender Issues Is Hurting Trans People"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_News" title="BuzzFeed News">BuzzFeed News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230217081103/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/lilkalish/trans-writers-open-letter-nyt-biased-coverage">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BuzzFeed+News&amp;rft.atitle=These+New+York+Times+Contributors+Say+The+Paper%27s+Coverage+Of+Gender+Issues+Is+Hurting+Trans+People&amp;rft.date=2023-02-15&amp;rft.aulast=Kalish&amp;rft.aufirst=Lil&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeednews.com%2Farticle%2Flilkalish%2Ftrans-writers-open-letter-nyt-biased-coverage&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalid2023" class="citation web cs1">Khalid, Amrita (May 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/17/23727546/new-york-times-audio-app-podcasts">"The New York Times launches an audio app to court its heaviest podcast listeners"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112221845/https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/17/23727546/new-york-times-audio-app-podcasts">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Verge&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+launches+an+audio+app+to+court+its+heaviest+podcast+listeners&amp;rft.date=2023-05-17&amp;rft.aulast=Khalid&amp;rft.aufirst=Amrita&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2023%2F5%2F17%2F23727546%2Fnew-york-times-audio-app-podcasts&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2022" class="citation web cs1">Kim, Whizy (November 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2022/11/30/23484790/sam-bankman-fried-ftx-crypto-dealbook-sorkin">"Sam Bankman-Fried's first post-scandal public interview was a riveting train wreck"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231130124242/https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2022/11/30/23484790/sam-bankman-fried-ftx-crypto-dealbook-sorkin">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=Sam+Bankman-Fried%27s+first+post-scandal+public+interview+was+a+riveting+train+wreck&amp;rft.date=2022-11-30&amp;rft.aulast=Kim&amp;rft.aufirst=Whizy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fthe-goods%2F2022%2F11%2F30%2F23484790%2Fsam-bankman-fried-ftx-crypto-dealbook-sorkin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby2017" class="citation web cs1">Kirby, Jen (December 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2017/12/7/16747712/study-media-2016-election-clintons-emails">"Study: Hillary Clinton's emails got as much front-page coverage in 6 days as policy did in 69"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231102012504/https://www.vox.com/2017/12/7/16747712/study-media-2016-election-clintons-emails">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=Study%3A+Hillary+Clinton%27s+emails+got+as+much+front-page+coverage+in+6+days+as+policy+did+in+69&amp;rft.date=2017-12-07&amp;rft.aulast=Kirby&amp;rft.aufirst=Jen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2017%2F12%2F7%2F16747712%2Fstudy-media-2016-election-clintons-emails&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2023a" class="citation web cs1">Klein, Charlotte (February 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2023/02/new-york-times-trans-coverage">"Nearly 200 <i>New York Times</i> Contributors Are Denouncing the Paper's Anti-Trans Coverage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220094621/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2023/02/new-york-times-trans-coverage">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&amp;rft.atitle=Nearly+200+New+York+Times+Contributors+Are+Denouncing+the+Paper%27s+Anti-Trans+Coverage&amp;rft.date=2023-02-15&amp;rft.aulast=Klein&amp;rft.aufirst=Charlotte&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F02%2Fnew-york-times-trans-coverage&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2023c" class="citation web cs1">Klein, Charlotte (October 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2023/10/new-york-times-gaza-hospital-story">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"You Don't Want to Hedge It?": Inside the <i>New York Times</i> Debate Over Its Gaza Hospital Bombing Coverage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231025212208/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2023/10/new-york-times-gaza-hospital-story">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&amp;rft.atitle=%22You+Don%27t+Want+to+Hedge+It%3F%22%3A+Inside+the+New+York+Times+Debate+Over+Its+Gaza+Hospital+Bombing+Coverage&amp;rft.date=2023-10-24&amp;rft.aulast=Klein&amp;rft.aufirst=Charlotte&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2Fnew-york-times-gaza-hospital-story&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2023d" class="citation web cs1">Klein, Charlotte (December 19, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/inside-the-new-york-times-big-bet-on-games">"Inside <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span> Big Bet on Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404041134/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/inside-the-new-york-times-big-bet-on-games">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&amp;rft.atitle=Inside+The+New+York+Times%27+Big+Bet+on+Games&amp;rft.date=2023-12-19&amp;rft.aulast=Klein&amp;rft.aufirst=Charlotte&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2Finside-the-new-york-times-big-bet-on-games&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKludt2015" class="citation web cs1">Kludt, Tom (December 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2015/12/07/media/erick-erickson-new-york-times-gun-control-editorial/">"Conservatives take shots at New York Times gun control editorial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212060405/https://money.cnn.com/2015/12/07/media/erick-erickson-new-york-times-gun-control-editorial/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Conservatives+take+shots+at+New+York+Times+gun+control+editorial&amp;rft.pub=CNN&amp;rft.date=2015-12-07&amp;rft.aulast=Kludt&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2015%2F12%2F07%2Fmedia%2Ferick-erickson-new-york-times-gun-control-editorial%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorach2023" class="citation web cs1">Korach, Natalie (August 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewrap.com/new-york-times-fires-baghdad-bureau-chief-jane-arraf/">"The New York Times Fires Baghdad Bureau Chief for Overpaying Local Journalists"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheWrap" title="TheWrap">TheWrap</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112035223/https://www.thewrap.com/new-york-times-fires-baghdad-bureau-chief-jane-arraf/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TheWrap&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+Fires+Baghdad+Bureau+Chief+for+Overpaying+Local+Journalists&amp;rft.date=2023-08-07&amp;rft.aulast=Korach&amp;rft.aufirst=Natalie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewrap.com%2Fnew-york-times-fires-baghdad-bureau-chief-jane-arraf%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaFrance2017" class="citation web cs1">LaFrance, Adrienne (July 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728164912/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/07/a-brief-history-of-filthy-language-in-the-new-york-times/535197/">"Trump Tests the F-Bomb Policy at <i>The New York Times</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/07/a-brief-history-of-filthy-language-in-the-new-york-times/535197/">the original</a></span> on July 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&amp;rft.atitle=Trump+Tests+the+F-Bomb+Policy+at+The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=2017-07-28&amp;rft.aulast=LaFrance&amp;rft.aufirst=Adrienne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2017%2F07%2Fa-brief-history-of-filthy-language-in-the-new-york-times%2F535197%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2013" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Timothy (August 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/08/27/the-new-york-times-web-site-was-taken-down-by-dns-hijacking-heres-what-that-means/">"The New York Times Web site was taken down by DNS hijacking. Here's what that means"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230603150338/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/08/27/the-new-york-times-web-site-was-taken-down-by-dns-hijacking-heres-what-that-means/">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+Web+site+was+taken+down+by+DNS+hijacking.+Here%27s+what+that+means.&amp;rft.date=2013-08-27&amp;rft.aulast=Lee&amp;rft.aufirst=Timothy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-switch%2Fwp%2F2013%2F08%2F27%2Fthe-new-york-times-web-site-was-taken-down-by-dns-hijacking-heres-what-that-means%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLippman2020" class="citation web cs1">Lippman, Laura (February 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/human-interest/2020/02/spelling-bee-new-york-times-praise.html">"The NYT Spelling Bee Gives Me L-I-F-E"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202210403/https://slate.com/human-interest/2020/02/spelling-bee-new-york-times-praise.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Slate&amp;rft.atitle=The+NYT+Spelling+Bee+Gives+Me+L-I-F-E&amp;rft.date=2020-02-19&amp;rft.aulast=Lippman&amp;rft.aufirst=Laura&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fhuman-interest%2F2020%2F02%2Fspelling-bee-new-york-times-praise.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez2015" class="citation web cs1">Lopez, German (August 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2015/8/24/9197789/new-york-times-transgender-research">"The catastrophically bad New York Times op-ed on transgender research, debunked"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204023417/https://www.vox.com/2015/8/24/9197789/new-york-times-transgender-research">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=The+catastrophically+bad+New+York+Times+op-ed+on+transgender+research%2C+debunked&amp;rft.date=2015-08-24&amp;rft.aulast=Lopez&amp;rft.aufirst=German&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2015%2F8%2F24%2F9197789%2Fnew-york-times-transgender-research&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachkovech2022" class="citation web cs1">Machkovech, Sam (March 25, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2022/03/wordle-creator-describes-games-rise-says-nyt-sale-was-a-way-to-walk-away/">"Wordle creator describes game's rise, says NYT sale was "a way to walk away"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125001129/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2022/03/wordle-creator-describes-games-rise-says-nyt-sale-was-a-way-to-walk-away/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&amp;rft.atitle=Wordle+creator+describes+game%27s+rise%2C+says+NYT+sale+was+%22a+way+to+walk+away%22&amp;rft.date=2022-03-25&amp;rft.aulast=Machkovech&amp;rft.aufirst=Sam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgaming%2F2022%2F03%2Fwordle-creator-describes-games-rise-says-nyt-sale-was-a-way-to-walk-away%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarantz2022" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marantz" title="Andrew Marantz">Marantz, Andrew</a> (December 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/12/12/sam-bankman-fried-made-the-dealbook-summit-into-a-nail-biter">"Sam Bankman-Fried Made the DealBook Summit Into a Nail-Biter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114182704/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/12/12/sam-bankman-fried-made-the-dealbook-summit-into-a-nail-biter">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&amp;rft.atitle=Sam+Bankman-Fried+Made+the+DealBook+Summit+Into+a+Nail-Biter&amp;rft.date=2022-12-02&amp;rft.aulast=Marantz&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2022%2F12%2F12%2Fsam-bankman-fried-made-the-dealbook-summit-into-a-nail-biter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCreesh2022" class="citation web cs1">McCreesh, Shawn (December 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/12/the-new-york-times-newsroom-gets-ready-to-walk-out.html">"The New York <i>Times</i> Newsroom Gets Ready to Walk Out"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Intelligencer_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligencer (website)">Intelligencer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114160726/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/12/the-new-york-times-newsroom-gets-ready-to-walk-out.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Intelligencer&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+Newsroom+Gets+Ready+to+Walk+Out&amp;rft.date=2022-12-02&amp;rft.aulast=McCreesh&amp;rft.aufirst=Shawn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2022%2F12%2Fthe-new-york-times-newsroom-gets-ready-to-walk-out.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDuling2014" class="citation web cs1">McDuling, John (March 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/185922/the-upshot-is-the-new-york-times-replacement-for-nate-silvers-fivethirtyeight">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Upshot" is the New York Times' replacement for Nate Silver's FiveThirtyEight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116022547/https://qz.com/185922/the-upshot-is-the-new-york-times-replacement-for-nate-silvers-fivethirtyeight">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Quartz&amp;rft.atitle=%22The+Upshot%22+is+the+New+York+Times%27+replacement+for+Nate+Silver%27s+FiveThirtyEight&amp;rft.date=2014-03-10&amp;rft.aulast=McDuling&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F185922%2Fthe-upshot-is-the-new-york-times-replacement-for-nate-silvers-fivethirtyeight&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2014a" class="citation web cs1">Meyer, Robinson (April 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140404000623/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/04/-em-the-new-york-times-em-s-new-app-tries-to-one-up-facebook/360029/">"<i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s New App Tries to One-Up Facebook"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/04/-em-the-new-york-times-em-s-new-app-tries-to-one-up-facebook/360029/">the original</a></span> on April 4, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times%27s+New+App+Tries+to+One-Up+Facebook&amp;rft.date=2014-04-02&amp;rft.aulast=Meyer&amp;rft.aufirst=Robinson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2014%2F04%2F-em-the-new-york-times-em-s-new-app-tries-to-one-up-facebook%2F360029%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2014b" class="citation web cs1">Meyer, Robinson (June 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605124051/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/whos-going-to-buy-the-new-york-timess-new-opinion-app/372138/">"Who's Going to Buy <i>The New York Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s New Opinion App?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/whos-going-to-buy-the-new-york-timess-new-opinion-app/372138/">the original</a></span> on June 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&amp;rft.atitle=Who%27s+Going+to+Buy+The+New+York+Times%27s+New+Opinion+App%3F&amp;rft.date=2014-06-04&amp;rft.aulast=Meyer&amp;rft.aufirst=Robinson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2014%2F06%2Fwhos-going-to-buy-the-new-york-timess-new-opinion-app%2F372138%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMigdon2023" class="citation web cs1">Migdon, Brooke (February 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/media/3859501-nyt-contributors-blast-papers-coverage-of-transgender-people/">"NYT contributors blast paper's coverage of transgender people"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hill (magazine)">The Hill</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220094621/https://thehill.com/homenews/media/3859501-nyt-contributors-blast-papers-coverage-of-transgender-people/">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hill&amp;rft.atitle=NYT+contributors+blast+paper%27s+coverage+of+transgender+people&amp;rft.date=2023-02-15&amp;rft.aulast=Migdon&amp;rft.aufirst=Brooke&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fmedia%2F3859501-nyt-contributors-blast-papers-coverage-of-transgender-people%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2017" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Meg (June 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004060001/https://www.fastcompany.com/90129186/why-you-may-not-even-notice-the-new-york-times-major-homepage-redesign">"Why You May Not Even Notice The New York Times' Major Home Page Redesign"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90129186/why-you-may-not-even-notice-the-new-york-times-major-homepage-redesign">the original</a></span> on October 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&amp;rft.atitle=Why+You+May+Not+Even+Notice+The+New+York+Times%27+Major+Home+Page+Redesign&amp;rft.date=2017-06-13&amp;rft.aulast=Miller&amp;rft.aufirst=Meg&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F90129186%2Fwhy-you-may-not-even-notice-the-new-york-times-major-homepage-redesign&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2021" class="citation web cs1">Moore, Thomas (March 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/media/544543-new-york-times-committee-to-review-staffs-outside-work/">"New York Times committee to review staff's outside work"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hill (magazine)">The Hill</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160317/https://thehill.com/homenews/media/544543-new-york-times-committee-to-review-staffs-outside-work/">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hill&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+committee+to+review+staff%27s+outside+work&amp;rft.date=2021-03-23&amp;rft.aulast=Moore&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fmedia%2F544543-new-york-times-committee-to-review-staffs-outside-work%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
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+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2012" class="citation web cs1">Myers, Steve (January 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2012/new-york-times-releases-code-to-help-journalists-collaborate-on-wordpress-other-platforms/">"New York Times releases code to help journalists collaborate on WordPress, other platforms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227180134/https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2012/new-york-times-releases-code-to-help-journalists-collaborate-on-wordpress-other-platforms/">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Times+releases+code+to+help+journalists+collaborate+on+WordPress%2C+other+platforms&amp;rft.pub=Poynter+Institute&amp;rft.date=2012-01-23&amp;rft.aulast=Myers&amp;rft.aufirst=Steve&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Freporting-editing%2F2012%2Fnew-york-times-releases-code-to-help-journalists-collaborate-on-wordpress-other-platforms%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarea2019" class="citation web cs1">Narea, Nicole (September 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/9/18/20872078/new-york-times-spanish-shut-down">"The New York Times is the latest news outlet to end its Spanish-language coverage"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105180635/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/9/18/20872078/new-york-times-spanish-shut-down">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+is+the+latest+news+outlet+to+end+its+Spanish-language+coverage&amp;rft.date=2019-09-18&amp;rft.aulast=Narea&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicole&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolicy-and-politics%2F2019%2F9%2F18%2F20872078%2Fnew-york-times-spanish-shut-down&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson2015" class="citation web cs1">Nelson, Libby (December 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2015/12/5/9853498/gun-control-new-york-times-editorial">"The New York Times's first front-page editorial in 95 years calls gun violence a "national disgrace"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212060405/https://www.vox.com/2015/12/5/9853498/gun-control-new-york-times-editorial">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times%27s+first+front-page+editorial+in+95+years+calls+gun+violence+a+%22national+disgrace%22&amp;rft.date=2015-12-05&amp;rft.aulast=Nelson&amp;rft.aufirst=Libby&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2015%2F12%2F5%2F9853498%2Fgun-control-new-york-times-editorial&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Norman, Max (March 7, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/rabbit-holes/do-you-speak-new-york-times">"Do You Speak New York Times?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310012728/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/rabbit-holes/do-you-speak-new-york-times">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&amp;rft.atitle=Do+You+Speak+New+York+Times%3F&amp;rft.date=2023-03-07&amp;rft.aulast=Norman&amp;rft.aufirst=Max&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fculture%2Frabbit-holes%2Fdo-you-speak-new-york-times&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOladipo2023" class="citation web cs1">Oladipo, Gloria (February 17, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/17/new-york-times-contributors-open-letter-protest-anti-trans-coverage">"Nearly 1,000 contributors protest New York Times' coverage of trans people"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230617004638/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/17/new-york-times-contributors-open-letter-protest-anti-trans-coverage">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Nearly+1%2C000+contributors+protest+New+York+Times%27+coverage+of+trans+people&amp;rft.date=2023-02-17&amp;rft.aulast=Oladipo&amp;rft.aufirst=Gloria&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2023%2Ffeb%2F17%2Fnew-york-times-contributors-open-letter-protest-anti-trans-coverage&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpam2016" class="citation web cs1">Opam, Kwame (May 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/5/11604472/new-york-times-chefd-meal-delivery-service">"The New York Times is starting a meal delivery service"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190622/https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/5/11604472/new-york-times-chefd-meal-delivery-service">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Verge&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+is+starting+a+meal+delivery+service&amp;rft.date=2016-05-05&amp;rft.aulast=Opam&amp;rft.aufirst=Kwame&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2016%2F5%2F5%2F11604472%2Fnew-york-times-chefd-meal-delivery-service&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrland2022" class="citation web cs1">Orland, Kyle (November 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2022/11/how-wordle-editor-became-a-real-job-at-the-new-york-times/">"How "<i>Wordle</i> editor" became a real job at The New York Times"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227052514/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2022/11/how-wordle-editor-became-a-real-job-at-the-new-york-times/">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&amp;rft.atitle=How+%22Wordle+editor%22+became+a+real+job+at+The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=2022-11-12&amp;rft.aulast=Orland&amp;rft.aufirst=Kyle&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgaming%2F2022%2F11%2Fhow-wordle-editor-became-a-real-job-at-the-new-york-times%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrland2023" class="citation web cs1">Orland, Kyle (March 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2023/03/how-the-new-york-times-managed-to-avoid-ruining-wordle/">"How The New York Times managed to avoid ruining <i>Wordle</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227025736/https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2023/03/how-the-new-york-times-managed-to-avoid-ruining-wordle/">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&amp;rft.atitle=How+The+New+York+Times+managed+to+avoid+ruining+Wordle&amp;rft.date=2023-03-24&amp;rft.aulast=Orland&amp;rft.aufirst=Kyle&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgaming%2F2023%2F03%2Fhow-the-new-york-times-managed-to-avoid-ruining-wordle%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaiGrady2020" class="citation web cs1">Pai, Tanya; Grady, Constance (March 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2020/3/11/21174920/harvey-weinstein-sentence-23-years">"Harvey Weinstein has been sentenced to 23 years in prison"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231118171850/https://www.vox.com/2020/3/11/21174920/harvey-weinstein-sentence-23-years">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vox&amp;rft.atitle=Harvey+Weinstein+has+been+sentenced+to+23+years+in+prison&amp;rft.date=2020-03-11&amp;rft.aulast=Pai&amp;rft.aufirst=Tanya&amp;rft.au=Grady%2C+Constance&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2020%2F3%2F11%2F21174920%2Fharvey-weinstein-sentence-23-years&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2023c" class="citation web cs1">Peters, Jay (July 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/18/23798932/the-new-york-times-digits-math-based-puzzle-game-shut-down">"The New York Times is shutting down its math-based puzzle game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114192602/https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/18/23798932/the-new-york-times-digits-math-based-puzzle-game-shut-down">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Verge&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+is+shutting+down+its+math-based+puzzle+game&amp;rft.date=2023-07-18&amp;rft.aulast=Peters&amp;rft.aufirst=Jay&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2023%2F7%2F18%2F23798932%2Fthe-new-york-times-digits-math-based-puzzle-game-shut-down&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPisani2022" class="citation web cs1">Pisani, Joseph (January 31, 2022). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-times-acquires-wordle-game-11643666507">"New York Times Buys Wordle"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220131222203/https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-times-acquires-wordle-game-11643666507">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Buys+Wordle&amp;rft.date=2022-01-31&amp;rft.aulast=Pisani&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fnew-york-times-acquires-wordle-game-11643666507&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuah2022" class="citation web cs1">Quah, Nicholas (March 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2022/03/the-daily-new-host-sabrina-tavernise-michael-barbaro.html">"<i>The Daily</i> Adds Familiar Voice As New Co-host"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vulture_(website)" title="Vulture (website)">Vulture</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112214814/https://www.vulture.com/2022/03/the-daily-new-host-sabrina-tavernise-michael-barbaro.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vulture&amp;rft.atitle=The+Daily+Adds+Familiar+Voice+As+New+Co-host&amp;rft.date=2022-03-04&amp;rft.aulast=Quah&amp;rft.aufirst=Nicholas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2022%2F03%2Fthe-daily-new-host-sabrina-tavernise-michael-barbaro.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuters2010" class="citation web cs1">Reuters (November 30, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AT1M7/">"World Chefs: A deep-dive into NY Times recipe archive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=World+Chefs%3A+A+deep-dive+into+NY+Times+recipe+archive&amp;rft.pub=Reuters&amp;rft.date=2010-11-30&amp;rft.au=Reuters&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSTRE6AT1M7%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen2014" class="citation web cs1">Rosen, Rebecca (January 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140119181616/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/-em-the-new-york-times-em-had-a-mistake-on-its-front-page-every-day-for-more-than-a-century/283076/">"<i>The New York Times</i> Had a Mistake on Its Front Page Every Day for More Than a Century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/01/-em-the-new-york-times-em-had-a-mistake-on-its-front-page-every-day-for-more-than-a-century/283076/">the original</a></span> on January 19, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&amp;rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times+Had+a+Mistake+on+Its+Front+Page+Every+Day+for+More+Than+a+Century&amp;rft.date=2014-01-15&amp;rft.aulast=Rosen&amp;rft.aufirst=Rebecca&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2014%2F01%2F-em-the-new-york-times-em-had-a-mistake-on-its-front-page-every-day-for-more-than-a-century%2F283076%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar2019" class="citation web cs1">Sarkar, Samit (February 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2019/2/1/18205854/new-york-times-crossword-letter-boxed-puzzle-game">"New York Times develops new word game for crossword section"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114192602/https://www.polygon.com/2019/2/1/18205854/new-york-times-crossword-letter-boxed-puzzle-game">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Polygon&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+develops+new+word+game+for+crossword+section&amp;rft.date=2019-02-01&amp;rft.aulast=Sarkar&amp;rft.aufirst=Samit&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2019%2F2%2F1%2F18205854%2Fnew-york-times-crossword-letter-boxed-puzzle-game&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScahillGrim2024" class="citation web cs1">Scahill, Jeremy; Grim, Ryan (April 15, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2024/04/15/nyt-israel-gaza-genocide-palestine-coverage/">"Leaked NYT Gaza Memo Tells Journalists to Avoid Words "Genocide," "Ethnic Cleansing," and "Occupied Territory"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&amp;rft.atitle=Leaked+NYT+Gaza+Memo+Tells+Journalists+to+Avoid+Words+%22Genocide%2C%22+%22Ethnic+Cleansing%2C%22+and+%22Occupied+Territory%22&amp;rft.date=2024-04-15&amp;rft.aulast=Scahill&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy&amp;rft.au=Grim%2C+Ryan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2024%2F04%2F15%2Fnyt-israel-gaza-genocide-palestine-coverage%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScahillGrimBoguslaw2024" class="citation web cs1">Scahill, Jeremy; Grim, Ryan; Boguslaw, Daniel (February 28, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2024/02/28/new-york-times-anat-schwartz-october-7/">"The Story Behind the New York Times October 7 Exposé"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240302161209/https://theintercept.com/2024/02/28/new-york-times-anat-schwartz-october-7/">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&amp;rft.atitle=The+Story+Behind+the+New+York+Times+October+7+Expos%C3%A9&amp;rft.date=2024-02-28&amp;rft.aulast=Scahill&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy&amp;rft.au=Grim%2C+Ryan&amp;rft.au=Boguslaw%2C+Daniel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2024%2F02%2F28%2Fnew-york-times-anat-schwartz-october-7%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2017" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Samantha (June 30, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/06/30/the-new-york-times-is-eliminating-its-copy-editing-desk-so-hundreds-of-employees-walked-out/">"Why hundreds of New York Times employees staged a walkout"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221217221901/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/06/30/the-new-york-times-is-eliminating-its-copy-editing-desk-so-hundreds-of-employees-walked-out/">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Why+hundreds+of+New+York+Times+employees+staged+a+walkout.&amp;rft.date=2017-06-30&amp;rft.aulast=Schmidt&amp;rft.aufirst=Samantha&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2017%2F06%2F30%2Fthe-new-york-times-is-eliminating-its-copy-editing-desk-so-hundreds-of-employees-walked-out%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneier2020" class="citation web cs1">Schneier, Matthew (January 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/01/michael-barbaro-the-daily-podcast-new-york-times.html">"Michael Barbaro and the Raging Success of The Daily"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Intelligencer_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligencer (website)">Intelligencer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221205153749/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/01/michael-barbaro-the-daily-podcast-new-york-times.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Intelligencer&amp;rft.atitle=Michael+Barbaro+and+the+Raging+Success+of+The+Daily&amp;rft.date=2020-01-21&amp;rft.aulast=Schneier&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2020%2F01%2Fmichael-barbaro-the-daily-podcast-new-york-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchramm2011" class="citation web cs1">Schramm, Mike (July 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2011-07-01-new-york-times-updates-iphone-ipad-apps-to-offer-in-app-subscri.html">"New York Times updates iPhone, iPad apps to offer in-app subscriptions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113070039/https://www.engadget.com/2011-07-01-new-york-times-updates-iphone-ipad-apps-to-offer-in-app-subscri.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Engadget&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+updates+iPhone%2C+iPad+apps+to+offer+in-app+subscriptions&amp;rft.date=2011-07-01&amp;rft.aulast=Schramm&amp;rft.aufirst=Mike&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2011-07-01-new-york-times-updates-iphone-ipad-apps-to-offer-in-app-subscri.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2016" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Gerry (May 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-05/new-york-times-to-start-delivering-meal-kits-to-your-home">"New York Times to Start Delivering Meal Kits to Your Home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219002601/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-05/new-york-times-to-start-delivering-meal-kits-to-your-home">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Times+to+Start+Delivering+Meal+Kits+to+Your+Home&amp;rft.pub=Bloomberg+News&amp;rft.date=2016-05-05&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerry&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-05-05%2Fnew-york-times-to-start-delivering-meal-kits-to-your-home&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2021" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Gerry (October 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-12/the-new-york-times-launches-a-test-app-for-its-growing-audio-ambitions">"New York Times Tests New App as a Home for Audio Journalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123144151/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-12/the-new-york-times-launches-a-test-app-for-its-growing-audio-ambitions">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Times+Tests+New+App+as+a+Home+for+Audio+Journalism&amp;rft.pub=Bloomberg+News&amp;rft.date=2021-10-12&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerry&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-10-12%2Fthe-new-york-times-launches-a-test-app-for-its-growing-audio-ambitions&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorrel2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Sorrel, Charlie (October 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2010/10/nyt-for-ipad-now-offers-full-content-still-free-for-now/">"NYT for iPad Now Offers Full Content, Still Free (For Now)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113070038/https://www.wired.com/2010/10/nyt-for-ipad-now-offers-full-content-still-free-for-now/">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Wired&amp;rft.atitle=NYT+for+iPad+Now+Offers+Full+Content%2C+Still+Free+%28For+Now%29&amp;rft.date=2010-10-15&amp;rft.aulast=Sorrel&amp;rft.aufirst=Charlie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2010%2F10%2Fnyt-for-ipad-now-offers-full-content-still-free-for-now%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStelter2018" class="citation web cs1">Stelter, Brian (January 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2018/01/02/media/new-york-times-president-trump/index.html">"Trump's love-hate relationship with the (not) 'failing' New York Times"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231124042551/https://money.cnn.com/2018/01/02/media/new-york-times-president-trump/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Trump%27s+love-hate+relationship+with+the+%28not%29+%27failing%27+New+York+Times&amp;rft.pub=CNN&amp;rft.date=2018-01-02&amp;rft.aulast=Stelter&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2018%2F01%2F02%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-times-president-trump%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sullivan_(journalist)" title="Margaret Sullivan (journalist)">Sullivan, Margaret</a> (January 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/criticism-of-the-new-york-times-has-reached-fever-pitch-heres-why/2018/01/03/a543a072-f084-11e7-b3bf-ab90a706e175_story.html">"Powerful yet addicted to power: Why the New York Times is in the hot seat so often"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221225045858/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/criticism-of-the-new-york-times-has-reached-fever-pitch-heres-why/2018/01/03/a543a072-f084-11e7-b3bf-ab90a706e175_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Powerful+yet+addicted+to+power%3A+Why+the+New+York+Times+is+in+the+hot+seat+so+often&amp;rft.date=2018-01-03&amp;rft.aulast=Sullivan&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fcriticism-of-the-new-york-times-has-reached-fever-pitch-heres-why%2F2018%2F01%2F03%2Fa543a072-f084-11e7-b3bf-ab90a706e175_story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimmer2023" class="citation web cs1">Timmer, John (December 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/12/ny-times-sues-open-ai-microsoft-over-copyright-infringement/">"NY Times copyright suit wants OpenAI to delete all GPT instances"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227191509/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/12/ny-times-sues-open-ai-microsoft-over-copyright-infringement/">Archived</a> from the original on December 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&amp;rft.atitle=NY+Times+copyright+suit+wants+OpenAI+to+delete+all+GPT+instances&amp;rft.date=2023-12-27&amp;rft.aulast=Timmer&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Ftech-policy%2F2023%2F12%2Fny-times-sues-open-ai-microsoft-over-copyright-infringement%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimmer2010" class="citation web cs1">Timmer, John (January 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2010/01/ny-times-to-spend-the-year-erecting-a-partial-paywall/">"New York Times to spend 2010 erecting a partial paywall"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115064910/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2010/01/ny-times-to-spend-the-year-erecting-a-partial-paywall/">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+to+spend+2010+erecting+a+partial+paywall&amp;rft.date=2010-01-20&amp;rft.aulast=Timmer&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2010%2F01%2Fny-times-to-spend-the-year-erecting-a-partial-paywall%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTompkins2015" class="citation web cs1">Tompkins, Al (December 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2015/new-york-times-publishes-front-page-editorial-advocating-gun-control/">"New York Times publishes front-page editorial advocating gun control"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212060405/https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2015/new-york-times-publishes-front-page-editorial-advocating-gun-control/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Times+publishes+front-page+editorial+advocating+gun+control&amp;rft.pub=Poynter+Institute&amp;rft.date=2015-12-05&amp;rft.aulast=Tompkins&amp;rft.aufirst=Al&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Freporting-editing%2F2015%2Fnew-york-times-publishes-front-page-editorial-advocating-gun-control%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy2012" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Tracy" title="Marc Tracy">Tracy, Marc</a> (November 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/109714/nate-silvers-fivethirtyeight-blog-drawing-massive-traffic-new-york-times">"Nate Silver Is a One-Man Traffic Machine for the Times"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228165711/https://newrepublic.com/article/109714/nate-silvers-fivethirtyeight-blog-drawing-massive-traffic-new-york-times">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&amp;rft.atitle=Nate+Silver+Is+a+One-Man+Traffic+Machine+for+the+Times&amp;rft.date=2012-11-05&amp;rft.aulast=Tracy&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F109714%2Fnate-silvers-fivethirtyeight-blog-drawing-massive-traffic-new-york-times&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy2013" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Tracy" title="Marc Tracy">Tracy, Marc</a> (November 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/115676/times-editor-explains-how-nyt-will-replace-nate-silver">"David Leonhardt Explains How the NYT Will Replace Nate Silver"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116022546/https://newrepublic.com/article/115676/times-editor-explains-how-nyt-will-replace-nate-silver">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&amp;rft.atitle=David+Leonhardt+Explains+How+the+NYT+Will+Replace+Nate+Silver&amp;rft.date=2013-11-20&amp;rft.aulast=Tracy&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F115676%2Ftimes-editor-explains-how-nyt-will-replace-nate-silver&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent2018" class="citation web cs1">Vincent, James (November 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/9/18079386/google-ai-new-york-times-digitize-archive-history-photos">"Google is using AI to help The New York Times digitize 5 million historical photos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230727054048/https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/9/18079386/google-ai-new-york-times-digitize-archive-history-photos">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Verge&amp;rft.atitle=Google+is+using+AI+to+help+The+New+York+Times+digitize+5+million+historical+photos&amp;rft.date=2018-11-09&amp;rft.aulast=Vincent&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2018%2F11%2F9%2F18079386%2Fgoogle-ai-new-york-times-digitize-archive-history-photos&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2024a" class="citation news cs1">Wagner, Laura (March 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/media/2024/03/01/nytimes-leak-investigation-guild-intercept-hamas/">"New York Times accused of racial targeting in leak hunt over Israel stories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240308033902/https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/media/2024/03/01/nytimes-leak-investigation-guild-intercept-hamas/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+accused+of+racial+targeting+in+leak+hunt+over+Israel+stories&amp;rft.date=2024-03-02&amp;rft.aulast=Wagner&amp;rft.aufirst=Laura&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fstyle%2Fmedia%2F2024%2F03%2F01%2Fnytimes-leak-investigation-guild-intercept-hamas%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2024b" class="citation web cs1">Wagner, Laura (November 4, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/media/2024/11/04/new-york-times-tech-strike-walkout/">"New York Times Tech Guild goes on strike"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+Tech+Guild+goes+on+strike&amp;rft.date=2024-11-04&amp;rft.aulast=Wagner&amp;rft.aufirst=Laura&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fstyle%2Fmedia%2F2024%2F11%2F04%2Fnew-york-times-tech-strike-walkout%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2014" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Christopher (March 4, 2014). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/digital-media/10675832/New-York-Times-cooks-up-recipe-app-to-expand-digital-subscriptions.html">"New York Times cooks up recipe app to expand digital subscriptions"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616221940/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/digital-media/10675832/New-York-Times-cooks-up-recipe-app-to-expand-digital-subscriptions.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=New+York+Times+cooks+up+recipe+app+to+expand+digital+subscriptions&amp;rft.date=2014-03-04&amp;rft.aulast=Williams&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fnewsbysector%2Fmediatechnologyandtelecoms%2Fdigital-media%2F10675832%2FNew-York-Times-cooks-up-recipe-app-to-expand-digital-subscriptions.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2014" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Mark (May 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603020753/http://www.fastcodesign.com/3030892/nyt-cooking-the-recipe-collection-youve-been-waiting-for">"NYT Cooking: The Recipe Collection You've Been Waiting For"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/3030892/nyt-cooking-the-recipe-collection-youve-been-waiting-for">the original</a></span> on June 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&amp;rft.atitle=NYT+Cooking%3A+The+Recipe+Collection+You%27ve+Been+Waiting+For&amp;rft.date=2014-05-28&amp;rft.aulast=Wilson&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F3030892%2Fnyt-cooking-the-recipe-collection-youve-been-waiting-for&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2015" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Mark (January 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190625142633/https://www.fastcompany.com/3040817/the-upshot-where-the-new-york-times-is-redesigning-news">"The Upshot: Where The New York Times Is Redesigning News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/3040817/the-upshot-where-the-new-york-times-is-redesigning-news">the original</a></span> on June 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&amp;rft.atitle=The+Upshot%3A+Where+The+New+York+Times+Is+Redesigning+News&amp;rft.date=2015-01-20&amp;rft.aulast=Wilson&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F3040817%2Fthe-upshot-where-the-new-york-times-is-redesigning-news&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2020" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Mark (February 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200204044019/https://www.fastcompany.com/90459366/the-most-hated-data-visualization-in-politics-is-back-to-spike-your-blood-pressure">"The most hated data visualization in politics is back to spike your blood pressure"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Company" title="Fast Company">Fast Company</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90459366/the-most-hated-data-visualization-in-politics-is-back-to-spike-your-blood-pressure">the original</a></span> on February 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&amp;rft.atitle=The+most+hated+data+visualization+in+politics+is+back+to+spike+your+blood+pressure&amp;rft.date=2020-02-03&amp;rft.aulast=Wilson&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F90459366%2Fthe-most-hated-data-visualization-in-politics-is-back-to-spike-your-blood-pressure&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang2023" class="citation web cs1">Yang, Mary (February 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/02/15/1157181127/nyt-letter-trans">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'New York Times' stories on trans youth slammed by writers — including some of its own"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240310075223/https://www.npr.org/2023/02/15/1157181127/nyt-letter-trans">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%27New+York+Times%27+stories+on+trans+youth+slammed+by+writers+%E2%80%94+including+some+of+its+own&amp;rft.pub=NPR&amp;rft.date=2023-02-15&amp;rft.aulast=Yang&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F02%2F15%2F1157181127%2Fnyt-letter-trans&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYu2016" class="citation web cs1">Yu, Roger (February 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/02/08/nytimes-launches-spanish-site/80013098/">"NYTimes launches Spanish site"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105175800/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2016/02/08/nytimes-launches-spanish-site/80013098/">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=USA+Today&amp;rft.atitle=NYTimes+launches+Spanish+site&amp;rft.date=2016-02-08&amp;rft.aulast=Yu&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fmoney%2F2016%2F02%2F08%2Fnytimes-launches-spanish-site%2F80013098%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYurcaba2023" class="citation web cs1">Yurcaba, Jo (February 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/ny-contributors-lgbtq-advocates-send-open-letters-criticizing-papers-t-rcna70800">"N.Y. Times contributors and LGBTQ advocates send open letters criticizing paper's trans coverage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218070619/https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/ny-contributors-lgbtq-advocates-send-open-letters-criticizing-papers-t-rcna70800">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=N.Y.+Times+contributors+and+LGBTQ+advocates+send+open+letters+criticizing+paper%27s+trans+coverage&amp;rft.pub=NBC+News&amp;rft.date=2023-02-15&amp;rft.aulast=Yurcaba&amp;rft.aufirst=Jo&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnbc-out%2Fout-news%2Fny-contributors-lgbtq-advocates-send-open-letters-criticizing-papers-t-rcna70800&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
+<dl><dt><i>The New York Times</i></dt></dl>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Carmel, Julia (December 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/25/insider/in-one-person-the-story-of-a-place.html">"In One Person, the Story of a Place"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231101062716/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/25/insider/in-one-person-the-story-of-a-place.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=In+One+Person%2C+the+Story+of+a+Place&amp;rft.date=2020-12-25&amp;rft.aulast=Carmel&amp;rft.aufirst=Julia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F12%2F25%2Finsider%2Fin-one-person-the-story-of-a-place.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Gallagher, Brian; Harlan, Jennifer; Scott, Janny (June 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/06/09/us/pentagon-papers-oral-history.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We're Going to Publish': An Oral History of the Pentagon Papers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613071158/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/06/09/us/pentagon-papers-oral-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=%27We%27re+Going+to+Publish%27%3A+An+Oral+History+of+the+Pentagon+Papers&amp;rft.date=2021-06-09&amp;rft.aulast=Gallagher&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft.au=Harlan%2C+Jennifer&amp;rft.au=Scott%2C+Janny&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2021%2F06%2F09%2Fus%2Fpentagon-papers-oral-history.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Insider Staff (June 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/15/insider/this-gif-shows-the-evolution-of-a-breaking-news-story.html">"Watch the Orlando Shooting Story Take Shape"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114182709/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/15/insider/this-gif-shows-the-evolution-of-a-breaking-news-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Watch+the+Orlando+Shooting+Story+Take+Shape&amp;rft.date=2016-06-16&amp;rft.au=Insider+Staff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F15%2Finsider%2Fthis-gif-shows-the-evolution-of-a-breaking-news-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">The New York Times (September 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/08/reader-center/anonymous-op-ed-trump.html">"How the Anonymous Op-Ed Came to Be"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914214825/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/08/reader-center/anonymous-op-ed-trump.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+the+Anonymous+Op-Ed+Came+to+Be&amp;rft.date=2018-09-08&amp;rft.au=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F09%2F08%2Freader-center%2Fanonymous-op-ed-trump.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Sedacca, Matthew (September 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/18/insider/nyt-cooking-recipe-testing.html">"How the NYT Cooking Team (Obsessively) Tests Recipes"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106190622/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/18/insider/nyt-cooking-recipe-testing.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+the+NYT+Cooking+Team+%28Obsessively%29+Tests+Recipes&amp;rft.date=2018-09-18&amp;rft.aulast=Sedacca&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F09%2F18%2Finsider%2Fnyt-cooking-recipe-testing.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<dl><dt>Podcasts</dt></dl>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2014" class="citation podcast cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Martin" title="Michel Martin">Martin, Michel</a> (May 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2014/05/05/309747700/how-a-disgraced-reporter-tested-the-publics-trust-in-journalism">"How A Disgraced Reporter Tested The Public's Trust In Journalism"</a> (Podcast). <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231125160517/https://www.npr.org/2014/05/05/309747700/how-a-disgraced-reporter-tested-the-publics-trust-in-journalism">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=How+A+Disgraced+Reporter+Tested+The+Public%27s+Trust+In+Journalism&amp;rft.pub=NPR&amp;rft.date=2014-05-05&amp;rft.aulast=Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=Michel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2014%2F05%2F05%2F309747700%2Fhow-a-disgraced-reporter-tested-the-publics-trust-in-journalism&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<dl><dt>Books</dt></dl>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkenflik2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Folkenflik" title="David Folkenflik">Folkenflik, David</a> (2011). <i>Page One: Inside The New York Times and the Future of Journalism</i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781586489601" title="Special:BookSources/9781586489601"><bdi>9781586489601</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Page+One%3A+Inside+The+New+York+Times+and+the+Future+of+Journalism&amp;rft.place=New+York+City&amp;rft.pub=PublicAffairs&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9781586489601&amp;rft.aulast=Folkenflik&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li>
+<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Taylor, S. J. (1990). <i>Stalin's Apologist: Walter Duranty: The New York Times's Man in Moscow</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Stalin%27s+Apologist%3A+Walter+Duranty%3A+The+New+York+Times%27s+Man+in+Moscow&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.aulast=Taylor&amp;rft.aufirst=S.+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<dl><dt>Articles</dt></dl>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em">
+<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemnick2023" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Remnick" title="David Remnick">Remnick, David</a> (June 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/a-g-sulzberger-on-the-battles-within-and-against-the-new-york-times">"A. G. Sulzberger on the Battles Within and Against the New York Times"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231217052204/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/a-g-sulzberger-on-the-battles-within-and-against-the-new-york-times">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&amp;rft.atitle=A.+G.+Sulzberger+on+the+Battles+Within+and+Against+the+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=2023-06-10&amp;rft.aulast=Remnick&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fculture%2Fthe-new-yorker-interview%2Fa-g-sulzberger-on-the-battles-within-and-against-the-new-york-times&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+York+Times" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
+</div>
+<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
+<div class="side-box-abovebelow">
+<b>New York Times</b>  at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div>
+<div class="side-box-flex">
+<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times" class="extiw" title="c:New York Times">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:New_York_Times" class="extiw" title="n:Category:New York Times">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" class="extiw" title="q:The New York Times">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" class="extiw" title="s:The New York Times">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_York_Times" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/New York Times">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_York_Times" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/New York Times">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div>
+</div>
+<p><b>Official websites</b>
+</p>
+<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9684#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li>
+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/">TimesMachine</a></li>
+<li>Official <a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)" title="Tor (network)">Tor</a> site: nytimesn7cgmftshazwhfgzm37qxb44r64ytbb2dj3x62d2lljsciiyd.onion <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)" title="Tor network"><img alt="Tor network" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/18px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/27px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg/36px-Tor-logo-2011-flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="185" /></a></span><sup><small>(<a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)#Tor_Browser" title="Tor (network)">Accessing link help</a>)</small></sup></li></ul>
+<p><b>Others</b>
+</p>
+<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/serial?id=nytimes">Curated collection</a> of articles before 1923</li>
+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Times%2C%20The%20New%20York%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22The%20New%20York%20Times%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Times%2C%20The%20New%20York%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22The%20New%20York%20Times%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Times%2C%20T%2E%20N%2E%20Y%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22The%20New%20York%20Times%22%20OR%20description%3A%22The%20New%20York%20Times%22%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about The New York Times</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> (archives)</li>
+<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/2413">Works by The New York Times</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li></ul>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_New_York_Times" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_New_York_Times" title="Template:The New York Times"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:The New York Times"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_New_York_Times" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The New York Times"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_New_York_Times" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_platforms_of_The_New_York_Times" title="Online platforms of The New York Times">Online platforms</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="History of The New York Times">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1851%E2%80%931896)" title="History of The New York Times (1851–1896)">1851–1896</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1896%E2%80%931945)" title="History of The New York Times (1896–1945)">1896–1945</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1945%E2%80%931998)" title="History of The New York Times (1945–1998)">1945–1998</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1998%E2%80%93present)" title="History of The New York Times (1998–present)">1998–present</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Games" title="The New York Times Games">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Crossword" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Times Crossword">Crossword</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Crosswords" title="The New York Times Crosswords">Nintendo DS game</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Spelling_Bee" title="The New York Times Spelling Bee">Spelling Bee</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Wordle" title="Wordle">Wordle</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Connections" title="The New York Times Connections">Connections</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Letter_Boxed" title="Letter Boxed">Letter Boxed</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Strands" title="The New York Times Strands">Strands</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_won_by_The_New_York_Times" title="List of awards won by The New York Times">Awards</a>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pulitzer_Prizes_awarded_to_The_New_York_Times" title="List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times">Pulitzer Prizes</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list">Best Seller list</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_New_York_Times_controversies" title="List of The New York Times controversies">Controversies</a></li>
+<li>Headquarters
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Building_(41_Park_Row)" title="New York Times Building (41 Park Row)">41 Park Row</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/One_Times_Square" title="One Times Square">One Times Square</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/229_West_43rd_Street" title="229 West 43rd Street">229 West 43rd Street</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Building" title="The New York Times Building">620 Eighth Avenue</a></li></ul></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_election_endorsements_made_by_The_New_York_Times" title="List of United States presidential election endorsements made by The New York Times">Presidential endorsements</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">Company</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_International_Edition" title="The New York Times International Edition">The New York Times International Edition</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/T_(magazine)" title="T (magazine)">T</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Play_(The_New_York_Times)" title="Play (The New York Times)">Play</a></i> †</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Blogs and podcasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_(podcast)" title="Caliphate (podcast)">Caliphate</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dot_Earth" title="Dot Earth">Dot Earth</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Love_(podcast)" title="Modern Love (podcast)">Modern Love</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Nice_White_Parents" title="Nice White Parents">Nice White Parents</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_Hole_(podcast)" title="Rabbit Hole (podcast)">Rabbit Hole</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Processing" title="Still Processing">Still Processing</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Coldest_Case_in_Laramie" title="The Coldest Case in Laramie">The Coldest Case in Laramie</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_(podcast)" title="The Daily (podcast)">The Daily</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Improvement_Association" title="The Improvement Association">The Improvement Association</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Retrievals" title="The Retrievals">The Retrievals</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stone_(blog)" title="The Stone (blog)">The Stone</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Upshot" title="The Upshot">The Upshot</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Were_Three" title="We Were Three">We Were Three</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_the_New_York_Times_Company" title="List of assets owned by the New York Times Company">Assets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Athletic" title="The Athletic">The Athletic</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Takeaway" title="The Takeaway">The Takeaway</a></i> †</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Times_Books" title="Times Books">Times Books</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Wirecutter_(website)" title="Wirecutter (website)">Wirecutter</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_Times_employees" title="List of New York Times employees">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Sulzberger" title="A. G. Sulzberger">A. G. Sulzberger</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger_Jr." title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.">Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ochs_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Ochs Sulzberger">Arthur Ochs Sulzberger</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Orvil_Dryfoos" title="Orvil Dryfoos">Orvil Dryfoos</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hays_Sulzberger" title="Arthur Hays Sulzberger">Arthur Hays Sulzberger</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Ochs" title="Adolph Ochs">Adolph Ochs</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones_(publisher)" title="George Jones (publisher)">George Jones</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond" title="Henry Jarvis Raymond">Henry Jarvis Raymond</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meredith_Kopit_Levien" title="Meredith Kopit Levien">Meredith Kopit Levien</a> (president and CEO)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/R._Anthony_Benten" title="R. Anthony Benten">R. Anthony Benten</a> (CAO)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kahn_(journalist)" title="Joseph Kahn (journalist)">Joseph Kahn</a> (executive editor)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Thompson_(media_executive)" title="Mark Thompson (media executive)">Mark Thompson</a> (CEO)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Janet_L._Robinson" title="Janet L. Robinson">Janet L. Robinson</a> (CEO)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Russell_T._Lewis" title="Russell T. Lewis">Russell T. Lewis</a> (CEO)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_M._Loeb" title="Louis M. Loeb">Louis M. Loeb</a> (general counsel)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Baquet" title="Dean Baquet">Dean Baquet</a> (executive editor)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Abramson" title="Jill Abramson">Jill Abramson</a> (executive editor)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keller" title="Bill Keller">Bill Keller</a> (executive editor)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Raines" title="Howell Raines">Howell Raines</a> (executive editor)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lelyveld" title="Joseph Lelyveld">Joseph Lelyveld</a> (executive editor)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Max_Frankel" title="Max Frankel">Max Frankel</a> (executive editor)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/A._M._Rosenthal" title="A. M. Rosenthal">A. M. Rosenthal</a> (executive editor)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/James_Reston" title="James Reston">James Reston</a> (executive editor)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Turner_Catledge" title="Turner Catledge">Turner Catledge</a> (executive editor)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of<br />directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Sulzberger" title="A. G. Sulzberger">A. G. Sulzberger</a> (chairman)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Beth_Brooke" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth Brooke">Beth Brooke</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Golden" title="Arthur Golden">Arthur Golden</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Meredith_Kopit_Levien" title="Meredith Kopit Levien">Meredith Kopit Levien</a> (president and CEO)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Brian_P._McAndrews" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian P. McAndrews">Brian P. McAndrews</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Rogers_Jr." title="John W. Rogers Jr.">John W. Rogers Jr.</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Golden_(businessman)" title="Michael Golden (businessman)">Michael Golden</a> (vice chairman)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Denham" title="Robert Denham">Robert Denham</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennard" title="William Kennard">William Kennard</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond" title="Henry Jarvis Raymond">Henry Jarvis Raymond</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/George_Jones_(publisher)" title="George Jones (publisher)">George Jones</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
+<ul><li>† indicates defunct companies or discontinued publications.</li>
+<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_New_York_Times" title="Category:The New York Times">Category</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_and_topics_related_to_The_New_York_Times" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_and_topics_related_to_The_New_York_Times" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles and topics related to <i>The New York Times</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px">
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" title="Template:White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" title="Template talk:White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" title="Special:EditPage/Template:White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_White_House_James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room_seating_chart" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> <a href="/wiki/James_S._Brady_Press_Briefing_Room" title="James S. Brady Press Briefing Room">James S. Brady Press Briefing Room</a> <span class="nowrap">seating chart</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;">Row</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="7" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;background:#003C80; color:white;"><b>Podium</b></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;background:lightgray;width:2em;"><div>
+<p><b>1<br />2<br />3<br />4<br />5<br />6<br />7</b>
+</p>
+</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal"><i>Wall Street Journal</i></a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>/<a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>/<a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Government" title="Bloomberg Government">Bloomberg Government</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner"><i>Washington Examiner</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe"><i>Boston Globe</i></a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Blade" title="Washington Blade">Washington Blade</a></i>
+</p>
+</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/CBS_News_Radio" title="CBS News Radio">CBS News Radio</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP Radio</a>/<a href="/wiki/PBS_News_Hour" title="PBS News Hour">PBS</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">VOA</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)"><i>Time</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Daily_Caller" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a>/<a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a>
+</p>
+</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/McClatchy" title="McClatchy">McClatchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post"><i>NY Post</i></a>/<a href="/wiki/TheGrio" title="TheGrio">TheGrio</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times"><i>Washington Times</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Salem_Radio_Network" title="Salem Radio Network">Salem Radio</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cheddar_(TV_channel)" title="Cheddar (TV channel)">Cheddar News</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hearst_Television" title="Hearst Television">Hearst TV</a>
+</p>
+</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP</a><br /><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a><br /><span style="color:#0000FF">Foreign pool</span><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)"><i>The Hill</i></a><br /><span style="color:#0000FF">Regionals</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsmax Media">Newsmax</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gray_Television" title="Gray Television">Gray TV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spectrum_News" title="Spectrum News">Spectrum News</a>
+</p>
+</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post"><i>Washington Post</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Radio" title="Fox News Radio">Fox News Radio</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor"><i>CSM</i></a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nexstar_Media_Group" title="Nexstar Media Group">Nexstar</a>/<a href="/wiki/Scripps_News" title="Scripps News">Scripps News</a>
+</p>
+</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>NY Times</i></a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">LA Times</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Noticias_Univision" title="Noticias Univision">Univision</a>/<a href="/wiki/American_Urban_Radio_Networks" title="American Urban Radio Networks">AURN</a><br /><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast"><i>Daily Beast</i></a>/<a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News"><i>Dallas Morning News</i></a><br /><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>
+</p>
+</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div>
+<p><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_Radio" title="ABC News Radio">ABC News Radio</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>
+</p>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association" title="White House Correspondents&#39; Association">White House Correspondents' Association</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gerald_Loeb_Awards_for_Deadline_and_Beat_Reporting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #eedd82;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GeraldLoebAward_Deadline_and_Beat_Reporting" title="Template:GeraldLoebAward Deadline and Beat Reporting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GeraldLoebAward_Deadline_and_Beat_Reporting" title="Template talk:GeraldLoebAward Deadline and Beat Reporting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GeraldLoebAward_Deadline_and_Beat_Reporting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GeraldLoebAward Deadline and Beat Reporting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Awards_for_Deadline_and_Beat_Reporting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Loeb_Award_winners_for_Deadline_and_Beat_Reporting" title="Gerald Loeb Award winners for Deadline and Beat Reporting">Gerald Loeb Awards for Deadline and Beat Reporting</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #feed92;"><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Award_for_Deadline_and/or_Beat_Writing_(1985–2000)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gerald Loeb Award for Deadline and/or Beat Writing (1985–2000)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">1985-1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J._Cole&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J. Cole (page does not exist)">Robert J. Cole</a></li>
+<li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_Landro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Landro (page does not exist)">Laura Landro</a></li>
+<li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hertzberg" title="Daniel Hertzberg">Daniel Hertzberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_B._Stewart" title="James B. Stewart">James B. Stewart</a></li>
+<li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Vartabedian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Vartabedian (page does not exist)">Ralph Vartabedian</a></li>
+<li>1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Helyar" title="John Helyar">John Helyar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Burrough" title="Bryan Burrough">Bryan Burrough</a></li>
+<li>1989 (HM): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Petzinger_Jr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Petzinger Jr. (page does not exist)">Thomas Petzinger Jr.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulette_Thomas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulette Thomas (page does not exist)">Paulette Thomas</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">1990-1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>1990: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathryn_Harris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathryn Harris (page does not exist)">Kathryn Harris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Richter_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Richter (journalist) (page does not exist)">Paul Richter</a></li>
+<li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Neil_Barsky" title="Neil Barsky">Neil Barsky</a></li>
+<li>1992: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Murray_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Murray (journalist) (page does not exist)">Alan Murray</a></li>
+<li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._White" title="Joseph B. White">Joseph B. White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ingrassia" title="Paul Ingrassia">Paul Ingrassia</a></li>
+<li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathryn_Harris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathryn Harris (page does not exist)">Kathryn Harris</a></li>
+<li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Siconolfi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Siconolfi (page does not exist)">Michael Siconolfi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laura_Jereski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laura Jereski (page does not exist)">Laura Jereski</a></li>
+<li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geraldine_Fabrikant&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Geraldine Fabrikant (page does not exist)">Geraldine Fabrikant</a></li>
+<li>1997: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Thurm&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott Thurm (page does not exist)">Scott Thurm</a></li>
+<li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Alix_M._Freedman" title="Alix M. Freedman">Alix M. Freedman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suein_L._Hwang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Suein L. Hwang (page does not exist)">Suein L. Hwang</a></li>
+<li>1999: Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>, (including <a href="/wiki/Diana_B._Henriques" title="Diana B. Henriques">Diana B. Henriques</a>)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Ianthe_Jeanne_Dugan" title="Ianthe Jeanne Dugan">Ianthe Jeanne Dugan</a></li>
+<li>2000 (HM): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Messina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Messina (page does not exist)">Lawrence Messina</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #feed92;"><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Award_for_Deadline_or_Beat_Writing_(2002)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gerald Loeb Award for Deadline or Beat Writing (2002)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Smith_(journalist)" title="Rebecca Smith (journalist)">Rebecca Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Emshwiller" class="mw-redirect" title="John Emshwiller">John Emshwiller</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #feed92;"><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Award_for_Deadline_Writing_(2003–2007)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gerald Loeb Award for Deadline Writing (2003–2007)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">2003–2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Blumenstein" title="Rebecca Blumenstein">Rebecca Blumenstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carrick_Mollenkamp&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carrick Mollenkamp (page does not exist)">Carrick Mollenkamp</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Pulliam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Pulliam (page does not exist)">Susan Pulliam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jared_Sandberg_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jared Sandberg (journalist) (page does not exist)">Jared Sandberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Solomon" title="Deborah Solomon">Deborah Solomon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shawn_Young&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shawn Young (page does not exist)">Shawn Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Zuckerman" title="Gregory Zuckerman">Gregory Zuckerman</a></li>
+<li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Craig" title="Susanne Craig">Susanne Craig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ianthe_Jeanne_Dugan" title="Ianthe Jeanne Dugan">Ianthe Jeanne Dugan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theo_Francis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Theo Francis (page does not exist)">Theo Francis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Kelly_(journalist)" title="Kate Kelly (journalist)">Kate Kelly</a></li>
+<li>2005: <a href="/wiki/David_Barboza" title="David Barboza">David Barboza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Lohr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Lohr (page does not exist)">Steve Lohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Markoff" title="John Markoff">John Markoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rivlin" title="Gary Rivlin">Gary Rivlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ross_Sorkin" title="Andrew Ross Sorkin">Andrew Ross Sorkin</a></li>
+<li>2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Besso_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Besso (journalist) (page does not exist)">Michele Besso</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bothum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Bothum (page does not exist)">Peter Bothum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robin_Brown_(American_journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robin Brown (American journalist) (page does not exist)">Robin Brown</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Church_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Church (journalist) (page does not exist)">Steven Church</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Griffith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ted Griffith (page does not exist)">Ted Griffith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maureen_Milford&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maureen Milford (page does not exist)">Maureen Milford</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Montgomery_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Montgomery (journalist) (page does not exist)">Jeff Montgomery</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Soulsman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gary Soulsman (page does not exist)">Gary Soulsman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luladey_B._Tadesse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luladey B. Tadesse (page does not exist)">Luladey B. Tadesse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Yasiejko&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Yasiejko (page does not exist)">Christopher Yasiejko</a></li>
+<li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Ann_Davis_(journalist)" title="Ann Davis (journalist)">Ann Davis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henny_Sender&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henny Sender (page does not exist)">Henny Sender</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Zuckerman" title="Gregory Zuckerman">Gregory Zuckerman</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #feed92;"><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Award_for_Beat_Writing_(2001,_2003–2010)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gerald Loeb Award for Beat Writing (2001, 2003–2010)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">2001;<br />2003–2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Smith_(journalist)" title="Rebecca Smith (journalist)">Rebecca Smith</a></li>
+<li>2003: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Labaton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Labaton (page does not exist)">Stephen Labaton</a></li>
+<li>2004: <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Lynn_Lunsford&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Lynn Lunsford (page does not exist)">J. Lynn Lunsford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Pasztor" title="Andy Pasztor">Andy Pasztor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Marie_Squeo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Marie Squeo (page does not exist)">Anne Marie Squeo</a></li>
+<li>2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_E._Schultz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen E. Schultz (page does not exist)">Ellen E. Schultz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theo_Francis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Theo Francis (page does not exist)">Theo Francis</a></li>
+<li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Geeta_Anand" title="Geeta Anand">Geeta Anand</a></li>
+<li>2007: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heather_Landy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Heather Landy (page does not exist)">Heather Landy</a></li>
+<li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Craig" title="Susanne Craig">Susanne Craig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Kelly_(journalist)" title="Kate Kelly (journalist)">Kate Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serena_Ng" title="Serena Ng">Serena Ng</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Reilly_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Reilly (journalist) (page does not exist)">David Reilly</a></li>
+<li>2008 (HM): <a href="/wiki/Charles_Duhigg" title="Charles Duhigg">Charles Duhigg</a></li>
+<li>2009 (tie): <a href="/wiki/Rick_Rothacker" title="Rick Rothacker">Rick Rothacker</a></li>
+<li>2009 (tie): <a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Morgenson" title="Gretchen Morgenson">Gretchen Morgenson</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Bensinger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken Bensinger (page does not exist)">Ken Bensinger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Vartabedian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Vartabedian (page does not exist)">Ralph Vartabedian</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #feed92;"><div id="Gerald_Loeb_Award_for_Beat_Reporting_(2011–2023)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Gerald Loeb Award for Beat Reporting (2011–2023)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">2011–2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Golden" title="Daniel Golden">Daniel Golden</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hechinger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hechinger (page does not exist)">John Hechinger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Lauerman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Lauerman (page does not exist)">John Lauerman</a></li>
+<li>2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fauber&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fauber (page does not exist)">John Fauber</a></li>
+<li>2013: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Bergin_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Bergin (journalist) (page does not exist)">Tom Bergin</a></li>
+<li>2014: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Penn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Penn (page does not exist)">Ivan Penn</a></li>
+<li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Lipton" title="Eric Lipton">Eric Lipton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Protess&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Protess (page does not exist)">Ben Protess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Confessore" title="Nicholas Confessore">Nicholas Confessore</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooke_Williams_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooke Williams (journalist) (page does not exist)">Brooke Williams</a></li>
+<li>2016: <a href="/wiki/John_Carreyrou" title="John Carreyrou">John Carreyrou</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Siconolfi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Siconolfi (page does not exist)">Michael Siconolfi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Weaver_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Weaver (journalist) (page does not exist)">Christopher Weaver</a></li>
+<li>2017: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Fox_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Fox (journalist) (page does not exist)">Joe Fox</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Len_De_Groot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Len De Groot (page does not exist)">Len De Groot</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Alpert_Reyes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emily Alpert Reyes (page does not exist)">Emily Alpert Reyes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Zahniser&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Zahniser (page does not exist)">David Zahniser</a></li>
+<li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Julia_Angwin" title="Julia Angwin">Julia Angwin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannes_Grassegger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannes Grassegger (page does not exist)">Hannes Grassegger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Je_Larson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Je Larson (page does not exist)">Je Larson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Scheiber" title="Noam Scheiber">Noam Scheiber</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariana_Tobin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariana Tobin (page does not exist)">Ariana Tobin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Varner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Madeleine Varner (page does not exist)">Madeleine Varner</a></li>
+<li>2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ranjani_Chakraborty&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ranjani Chakraborty (page does not exist)">Ranjani Chakraborty</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gosselin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Gosselin (page does not exist)">Peter Gosselin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariana_Tobin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariana Tobin (page does not exist)">Ariana Tobin</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center; background-color: #fff398;">2020–2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>2020 (tie): <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Gates" title="Dominic Gates">Dominic Gates</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Baker_(American_journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mike Baker (American journalist) (page does not exist)">Mike Baker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Miletich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Miletich (page does not exist)">Steve Miletich</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Kamb&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Kamb (page does not exist)">Lewis Kamb</a></li>
+<li>2020 (tie): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Blunt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Blunt (page does not exist)">Katherine Blunt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Cole_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dave Cole (journalist) (page does not exist)">Dave Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russell_Gold" title="Russell Gold">Russell Gold</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9e_Rigdon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Renée Rigdon (page does not exist)">Renée Rigdon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaryna_Serkez&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaryna Serkez (page does not exist)">Yaryna Serkez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Smith_(journalist)" title="Rebecca Smith (journalist)">Rebecca Smith</a></li>
+<li>2021 (tie): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenn_Abelson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenn Abelson (page does not exist)">Jenn Abelson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abha_Bhattarai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abha Bhattarai (page does not exist)">Abha Bhattarai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicole_Dungca&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicole Dungca (page does not exist)">Nicole Dungca</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimberly_Kindy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimberly Kindy (page does not exist)">Kimberly Kindy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Klemko&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Klemko (page does not exist)">Robert Klemko</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meryl_Kornfield&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meryl Kornfield (page does not exist)">Meryl Kornfield</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taylor_Telford&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taylor Telford (page does not exist)">Taylor Telford</a></li>
+<li>2021 (tie): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patience_Haggin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patience Haggin (page does not exist)">Patience Haggin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cara_Lombardo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cara Lombardo (page does not exist)">Cara Lombardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dana_Mattioli" title="Dana Mattioli">Dana Mattioli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shane_Shifflett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Shane Shifflett (page does not exist)">Shane Shifflett</a></li>
+<li>2022: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emily_Glazer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emily Glazer (page does not exist)">Emily Glazer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keach_Hagey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Keach Hagey (page does not exist)">Keach Hagey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Horwitz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Horwitz (page does not exist)">Jeff Horwitz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Newley_Purnell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Newley Purnell (page does not exist)">Newley Purnell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Justin_Scheck&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Justin Scheck (page does not exist)">Justin Scheck</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deepa_Seetharaman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deepa Seetharaman (page does not exist)">Deepa Seetharaman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Schechner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Schechner (page does not exist)">Sam Schechner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Wells&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia Wells (page does not exist)">Georgia Wells</a></li>
+<li>2023: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Allison_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Allison (journalist) (page does not exist)">Ian Allison</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Baker_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nick Baker (journalist) (page does not exist)">Nick Baker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikhilesh_De&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikhilesh De (page does not exist)">Nikhilesh De</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiller_Decker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiller Decker (page does not exist)">Reiller Decker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Kessler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Kessler (page does not exist)">Sam Kessler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheyene_Ligon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheyene Ligon (page does not exist)">Cheyene Ligon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sam_Reynolds_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sam Reynolds (journalist) (page does not exist)">Sam Reynolds</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tracy_Wang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tracy Wang (page does not exist)">Tracy Wang</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Breaking_News_Reporting_(1985–2000)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_1985%E2%80%932000" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 1985–2000"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_1985%E2%80%932000" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 1985–2000"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_1985%E2%80%932000" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 1985–2000"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Breaking_News_Reporting_(1985–2000)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Breaking_News_Reporting" title="Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting">Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting</a> (1985–2000)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Previously the Pulitzer Prize for General News Reporting from 1985–1990 and the Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Reporting from 1991–1997</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Turcol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Turcol (page does not exist)">Thomas Turcol</a> (1985)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Buchanan" title="Edna Buchanan">Edna Buchanan</a> (1986)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Akron_Beacon_Journal" title="Akron Beacon Journal">Akron Beacon Journal</a></i> (1987)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Advertiser" title="Montgomery Advertiser">Alabama Journal</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/The_Eagle-Tribune" title="The Eagle-Tribune">Lawrence Eagle-Tribune</a></i> (1988)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Courier_Journal" title="Courier Journal">Louisville Courier-Journal</a></i> (1989)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mercury_News" title="The Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a></i> (1990)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i> (1991)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i> (1992)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (1993)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York Times</a></i> (1994)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (1995)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._McFadden" title="Robert D. McFadden">Robert D. McFadden</a> (1996)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i> (1997)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (1998)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Courant" title="Hartford Courant">Hartford Courant</a></i> (1999)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Denver_Post" title="The Denver Post">Denver Post</a></i> (2000)</li></ul>
+</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Prizes_(medal).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/60px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/90px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/120px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews">Complete list</a></li>
+<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_1985%E2%80%932000" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 1985–2000">1985–2000</a>)</li>
+<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 2001–2025">2001–2025</a>)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Breaking_News_Reporting_(2001–2025)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 2001–2025"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 2001–2025"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 2001–2025"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Breaking_News_Reporting_(2001–2025)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Breaking_News_Reporting" title="Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting">Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting</a> (2001–2025)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i> (2001)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i> (2002)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eagle-Tribune" title="The Eagle-Tribune">Eagle-Tribune</a></i> (2003)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (2004)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Ledger" title="The Star-Ledger">Star-Ledger</a></i> (2005)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" title="The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate">Times-Picayune</a></i> (2006)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">Oregonian</a></i> (2007)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> (2008)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> (2009)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">Seattle Times</a></i> (2010)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tuscaloosa_News" title="The Tuscaloosa News">The Tuscaloosa News</a></i> (2012)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Denver_Post" title="The Denver Post">The Denver Post</a></i> (2013)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i> (2014)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i> (2015)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (2016)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_Times" title="East Bay Times">East Bay Times</a></i> (2017)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Press_Democrat" title="The Press Democrat">The Press Democrat</a></i> (2018)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a></i> (2019)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier-Journal</a></i> (2020)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Tribune">The Star Tribune</a></i> (2021)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i> (2022)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (2023)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lookout_Santa_Cruz" title="Lookout Santa Cruz">Lookout Santa Cruz</a></i> (2024)</li></ul>
+</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Prizes_(medal).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/60px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/90px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png/120px-Pulitzer_Prizes_%28medal%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews">Complete list</a></li>
+<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_1985%E2%80%932000" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 1985–2000">1985–2000</a>)</li>
+<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_BreakingNews_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 2001–2025">2001–2025</a>)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Explanatory_Reporting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_Explanatory_Reporting" title="Template:PulitzerPrize Explanatory Reporting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_Explanatory_Reporting" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize Explanatory Reporting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_Explanatory_Reporting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize Explanatory Reporting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Explanatory_Reporting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Explanatory_Reporting" title="Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting">Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Previously the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism from 1985–1997</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">1985–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Franklin" title="Jon Franklin">Jon Franklin</a>&#160;(1985)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(1986)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Lyon" title="Jeff Lyon">Jeff Lyon</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gorne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Gorne (page does not exist)">Peter Gorne</a>&#160;(1987)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hertzberg" title="Daniel Hertzberg">Daniel Hertzberg</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/James_B._Stewart" title="James B. Stewart">James B. Stewart</a>&#160;(1988)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Hanners&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Hanners (page does not exist)">David Hanners</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Snyder_(photojournalist)" title="William Snyder (photojournalist)">William Snyder</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Karen_Blessen" title="Karen Blessen">Karen Blessen</a>&#160;(1989)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Vise" title="David A. Vise">David A. Vise</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Steve Coll</a>&#160;(1990)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Faludi" title="Susan Faludi">Susan C. Faludi</a>&#160;(1991)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Capers" title="Robert S. Capers">Robert S. Capers</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Lipton" title="Eric Lipton">Eric Lipton</a>&#160;(1992)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Toner" title="Mike Toner">Mike Toner</a>&#160;(1993)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Kotulak" title="Ronald Kotulak">Ronald Kotulak</a>&#160;(1994)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Dash" title="Leon Dash">Leon Dash</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Lucian_Perkins" title="Lucian Perkins">Lucian Perkins</a>&#160;(1995)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Garrett" title="Laurie Garrett">Laurie Garrett</a>&#160;(1996)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Vitez" title="Michael Vitez">Michael Vitez</a>, <a href="/wiki/April_Saul" title="April Saul">April Saul</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ron_Cortes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron Cortes (page does not exist)">Ron Cortes</a>&#160;(1997)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Salopek" title="Paul Salopek">Paul Salopek</a>&#160;(1998)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Read" title="Richard Read">Richard Read</a>&#160;(1999)</li></ul>
+</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">2000–2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Newhouse_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Newhouse (journalist) (page does not exist)">Eric Newhouse</a>&#160;(2000)</li>
+<li>Staff of the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>&#160;(2001)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(2002)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>&#160;(2003)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Helliker" title="Kevin Helliker">Kevin Helliker</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_M._Burton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas M. Burton (page does not exist)">Thomas M. Burton</a>&#160;(2004)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Cook" title="Gareth Cook">Gareth Cook</a>&#160;(2005)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_Finkel" title="David Finkel">David Finkel</a>&#160;(2006)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_R._Weiss" title="Kenneth R. Weiss">Kenneth R. Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usha_Lee_McFarling" title="Usha Lee McFarling">Usha Lee McFarling</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Loomis_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rick Loomis (journalist) (page does not exist)">Rick Loomis</a>&#160;(2007)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Harmon" title="Amy Harmon">Amy Harmon</a>&#160;(2008)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_Boxall" title="Bettina Boxall">Bettina Boxall</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Julie_Cart" title="Julie Cart">Julie Cart</a>&#160;(2009)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moss" title="Michael Moss">Michael Moss</a> &amp; Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(2010)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Johnson_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Johnson (journalist) (page does not exist)">Mark Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Gallagher" title="Kathleen Gallagher">Kathleen Gallagher</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gary_Porter_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gary Porter (journalist) (page does not exist)">Gary Porter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lou_Saldivar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lou Saldivar (page does not exist)">Lou Saldivar</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alison_Sherwood&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alison Sherwood (page does not exist)">Alison Sherwood</a>&#160;(2011)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_Kocieniewski" title="David Kocieniewski">David Kocieniewski</a>&#160;(2012)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> including <a href="/wiki/David_Barboza" title="David Barboza">David Barboza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Duhigg" title="Charles Duhigg">Charles Duhigg</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Kocieniewski" title="David Kocieniewski">David Kocieniewski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Lohr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Lohr (page does not exist)">Steve Lohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Markoff" title="John Markoff">John Markoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Segal_(reporter)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Segal (reporter)">David Segal</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Streitfeld" title="David Streitfeld">David Streitfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroko_Tabuchi" title="Hiroko Tabuchi">Hiroko Tabuchi</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Vlasic&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Vlasic (page does not exist)">Bill Vlasic</a>&#160;(2013)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Saslow" title="Eli Saslow">Eli Saslow</a>&#160;(2014)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Mider" title="Zachary Mider">Zachary R. Mider </a>&#160;(2015)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/T._Christian_Miller" title="T. Christian Miller">T. Christian Miller</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Ken_Armstrong_(journalist)" title="Ken Armstrong (journalist)">Ken Armstrong</a>&#160;(2016)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/International_Consortium_of_Investigative_Journalists" title="International Consortium of Investigative Journalists">International Consortium of Investigative Journalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_McClatchy_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="The McClatchy Company">McClatchy</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald </a>&#160;(2017)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic" title="The Arizona Republic">The Arizona Republic</a></i> &amp; Staff of <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today Network</a>&#160;(2018)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_Barstow" title="David Barstow">David Barstow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Craig" title="Susanne Craig">Susanne Craig</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russ_Buettne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russ Buettne (page does not exist)">Russ Buettne</a>&#160;(2019)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>&#160;(2020)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Yong" title="Ed Yong">Ed Yong</a>&#160;(2021)</li>
+<li>Andrew Chung, Lawrence Hurley, Andrea Januta, Jaimi Dowdell and Jackie Botts&#160;(2021)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Wolchover" title="Natalie Wolchover">Natalie Wolchover</a> &amp; Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/Quanta_Magazine" title="Quanta Magazine">Quanta Magazine</a></i>&#160;(2022)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Caitlin_Dickerson" title="Caitlin Dickerson">Caitlin Dickerson</a> (2023)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_International_Reporting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_International_Reporting" title="Template:PulitzerPrize International Reporting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_International_Reporting" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize International Reporting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_International_Reporting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize International Reporting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_International_Reporting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_International_Reporting" title="Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting">Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Previously the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – International from 1942–1947</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1942–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Edmund_Allen" title="Laurence Edmund Allen">Laurence Edmund Allen</a>&#160;(1942)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Wolfert" title="Ira Wolfert">Ira Wolfert</a>&#160;(1943)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_De_Luce" title="Daniel De Luce">Daniel De Luce</a>&#160;(1944)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mark_S._Watson" title="Mark S. Watson">Mark S. Watson</a>&#160;(1945)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Bigart" title="Homer Bigart">Homer Bigart</a>&#160;(1946)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Gilmore" title="Eddy Gilmore">Eddy Gilmore</a>&#160;(1947)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Ward" title="Paul W. Ward">Paul W. Ward</a>&#160;(1948)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Price_Day" title="Price Day">Price Day</a>&#160;(1949)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Stevens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Stevens (page does not exist)">Edmund Stevens</a>&#160;(1950)</li></ul>
+</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keyes_Beech" title="Keyes Beech">Keyes Beech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homer_Bigart" title="Homer Bigart">Homer Bigart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Higgins" title="Marguerite Higgins">Marguerite Higgins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relman_Morin" title="Relman Morin">Relman Morin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Sparks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Sparks (page does not exist)">Fred Sparks</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Don_Whitehead" title="Don Whitehead">Don Whitehead</a>&#160;(1951)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_M._Hightower&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John M. Hightower (page does not exist)">John M. Hightower</a>&#160;(1952)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_Wehrwein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Austin Wehrwein (page does not exist)">Austin Wehrwein</a>&#160;(1953)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jim_G._Lucas" title="Jim G. Lucas">Jim G. Lucas</a>&#160;(1954)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Salisbury" title="Harrison Salisbury">Harrison E. Salisbury</a>&#160;(1955)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst_Jr." title="William Randolph Hearst Jr.">William Randolph Hearst Jr.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Kingsbury-Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Kingsbury-Smith (page does not exist)">J. Kingsbury-Smith</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Frank_Conniff_(journalist)" title="Frank Conniff (journalist)">Frank Conniff</a>&#160;(1956)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Jones_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Russell Jones (journalist) (page does not exist)">Russell Jones</a>&#160;(1957)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(1958)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Martin_(reporter)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Martin (reporter) (page does not exist)">Joseph Martin</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Santora&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Santora (page does not exist)">Philip Santora</a>&#160;(1959)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/A._M._Rosenthal" title="A. M. Rosenthal">A. M. Rosenthal</a>&#160;(1960)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Heinzerling" title="Lynn Heinzerling">Lynn Heinzerling</a>&#160;(1961)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a>&#160;(1962)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Hendrix&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hal Hendrix (page does not exist)">Hal Hendrix</a>&#160;(1963)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Browne" title="Malcolm Browne">Malcolm W. Browne</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a>&#160;(1964)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Livingston" title="Joseph Livingston">J. A. Livingston</a>&#160;(1965)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Arnett" title="Peter Arnett">Peter Arnett</a>&#160;(1966)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/John_Hughes_(editor)" title="John Hughes (editor)">R. John Hughes</a>&#160;(1967)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Friendly" title="Alfred Friendly">Alfred Friendly</a>&#160;(1968)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/William_Tuohy" title="William Tuohy">William Tuohy</a>&#160;(1969)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hersh" title="Seymour Hersh">Seymour M. Hersh</a>&#160;(1970)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hoagland" title="Jim Hoagland">Jimmie Lee Hoagland</a>&#160;(1971)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_R._Kann" title="Peter R. Kann">Peter R. Kann</a>&#160;(1972)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Max_Frankel" title="Max Frankel">Max Frankel</a>&#160;(1973)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hedrick_Smith" title="Hedrick Smith">Hedrick Smith</a>&#160;(1974)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/William_Mullen_(journalist)" title="William Mullen (journalist)">William Mullen</a>&#160;(1975 shared)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ovie_Carter" title="Ovie Carter">Ovie Carter</a>&#160;(1975 shared)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Schanberg" title="Sydney Schanberg">Sydney H. Schanberg</a>&#160;(1976)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kamm" title="Henry Kamm">Henry Kamm</a>&#160;(1978)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ben_Cramer" title="Richard Ben Cramer">Richard Ben Cramer</a>&#160;(1979)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Brinkley" title="Joel Brinkley">Joel Brinkley</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Jay_Mather" title="Jay Mather">Jay Mather</a>&#160;(1980)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Christian" title="Shirley Christian">Shirley Christian</a>&#160;(1981)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/John_Darnton" title="John Darnton">John Darnton</a>&#160;(1982)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas L. Friedman</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Loren_Jenkins" title="Loren Jenkins">Loren Jenkins</a>&#160;(1983)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Elliott_House" title="Karen Elliott House">Karen Elliott House</a>&#160;(1984)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Friedman" title="Joshua Friedman">Joshua Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Bell_(journalist)" title="Dennis Bell (journalist)">Dennis Bell</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Ozier_Muhammad" title="Ozier Muhammad">Ozier Muhammad</a>&#160;(1985)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_M._Simons" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis M. Simons">Lewis M. Simons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Carey" title="Pete Carey">Pete Carey</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Ellison" title="Katherine Ellison">Katherine Ellison</a>&#160;(1986)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parks_(reporter)" title="Michael Parks (reporter)">Michael Parks</a>&#160;(1987)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas L. Friedman</a>&#160;(1988)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keller" title="Bill Keller">Bill Keller</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Frankel" title="Glenn Frankel">Glenn Frankel</a>&#160;(1989)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kristof" title="Nicholas Kristof">Nicholas D. Kristof</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Sheryl_WuDunn" title="Sheryl WuDunn">Sheryl WuDunn</a>&#160;(1990)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Caryle_Murphy" title="Caryle Murphy">Caryle Murphy</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Serge_Schmemann" title="Serge Schmemann">Serge Schmemann</a>&#160;(1991)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Sloyan" title="Patrick J. Sloyan">Patrick J. Sloyan</a>&#160;(1992)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher_Burns" title="John Fisher Burns">John F. Burns</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Roy_Gutman" title="Roy Gutman">Roy Gutman</a>&#160;(1993)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dallas_Morning_News" title="The Dallas Morning News">The Dallas Morning News</a></i>&#160;(1994)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fritz" title="Mark Fritz">Mark Fritz</a>&#160;(1995)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Rohde" title="David S. Rohde">David Rohde</a>&#160;(1996)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher_Burns" title="John Fisher Burns">John F. Burns</a>&#160;(1997)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(1998)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>&#160;(1999)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Schoofs" title="Mark Schoofs">Mark Schoofs</a>&#160;(2000)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Denis_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ian Denis Johnson">Ian Denis Johnson</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Salopek" title="Paul Salopek">Paul Salopek</a>&#160;(2001)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Bearak" title="Barry Bearak">Barry Bearak</a>&#160;(2002)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sullivan_(journalist)" title="Kevin Sullivan (journalist)">Kevin Sullivan</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jordan_(journalist)" title="Mary Jordan (journalist)">Mary Jordan</a>&#160;(2003)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shadid" title="Anthony Shadid">Anthony Shadid</a>&#160;(2004)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Murphy_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Murphy (journalist)">Kim Murphy</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Dele_Olojede" title="Dele Olojede">Dele Olojede</a>&#160;(2005)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kahn_(journalist)" title="Joseph Kahn (journalist)">Joseph Kahn</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Jim_Yardley" title="Jim Yardley">Jim Yardley</a>&#160;(2006)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>&#160;(2007)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Fainaru" title="Steve Fainaru">Steve Fainaru</a>&#160;(2008)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(2009)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shadid" title="Anthony Shadid">Anthony Shadid</a>&#160;(2010)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_J._Levy" title="Clifford J. Levy">Clifford J. Levy</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Barry_(journalist)" title="Ellen Barry (journalist)">Ellen Barry</a>&#160;(2011)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Gettleman" title="Jeffrey Gettleman">Jeffrey Gettleman</a>&#160;(2012)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_Barboza" title="David Barboza">David Barboza</a>&#160;(2013)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Szep" title="Jason Szep">Jason Szep</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marshall_(Asia_journalist)" title="Andrew Marshall (Asia journalist)">Andrew R. C. Marshall</a>&#160;(2014)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(2015)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Alissa_J._Rubin" title="Alissa J. Rubin">Alissa J. Rubin</a>&#160;(2016)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(2017)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Baldwin" title="Clare Baldwin">Clare Baldwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marshall_(Asia_journalist)" title="Andrew Marshall (Asia journalist)">Andrew R.C. Marshall</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mogato" title="Manuel Mogato">Manuel Mogato</a>&#160;(2018)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Michael_(journalist)" title="Maggie Michael (journalist)">Maggie Michael</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maad_al-Zikry&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maad al-Zikry (page does not exist)">Maad al-Zikry</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nariman_El-Mofty&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nariman El-Mofty (page does not exist)">Nariman El-Mofty</a> (2019)</li>
+<li>Staff of <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> including <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> (2019)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> (2020)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Megha_Rajagopalan" title="Megha Rajagopalan">Megha Rajagopalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alison_Killing" title="Alison Killing">Alison Killing</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Christo_Buschek" title="Christo Buschek">Christo Buschek</a> (2021)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> including <a href="/wiki/Azmat_Khan" title="Azmat Khan">Azmat Khan</a> (2022)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> (2023)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_National_Reporting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_National_Reporting" title="Template:PulitzerPrize National Reporting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_National_Reporting" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize National Reporting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_National_Reporting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize National Reporting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_National_Reporting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_National_Reporting" title="Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting">Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Previously the Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – National from 1942–1947</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1942–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Stark" title="Louis Stark">Louis Stark</a>&#160;(1942)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_L._Fleming" title="Dewey L. Fleming">Dewey L. Fleming</a>&#160;(1944)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/James_Reston" title="James Reston">James Reston</a>&#160;(1945)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Harris" title="Edward A. Harris">Edward A. Harris</a>&#160;(1946)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Edward_T._Folliard" title="Edward T. Folliard">Edward T. Folliard</a>&#160;(1947)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Andrews_(journalist)" title="Bert Andrews (journalist)">Bert Andrews</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Nat_S._Finney" title="Nat S. Finney">Nat S. Finney</a>&#160;(1948)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/C._P._Trussell" title="C. P. Trussell">C. P. Trussell</a>&#160;(1949)</li></ul>
+</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_O._Guthman" title="Edwin O. Guthman">Edwin O. Guthman</a>&#160;(1950)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leviero" title="Anthony Leviero">Anthony Leviero</a>&#160;(1952)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Don_Whitehead" title="Don Whitehead">Don Whitehead</a>&#160;(1953)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Wilson" title="Richard L. Wilson">Richard Wilson</a>&#160;(1954)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lewis" title="Anthony Lewis">Anthony Lewis</a>&#160;(1955)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Bartlett_(journalist)" title="Charles L. Bartlett (journalist)">Charles L. Bartlett</a>&#160;(1956)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/James_Reston" title="James Reston">James Reston</a>&#160;(1957)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Clark_R._Mollenhoff" title="Clark R. Mollenhoff">Clark Mollenhoff</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Relman_Morin" title="Relman Morin">Relman Morin</a>&#160;(1958)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Van_Smith" title="Howard Van Smith">Howard Van Smith</a>&#160;(1959)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Trimble" title="Vance Trimble">Vance Trimble</a>&#160;(1960)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Cony" title="Edward R. Cony">Edward R. Cony</a>&#160;(1961)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Caldwell" title="Nat Caldwell">Nathan G. Caldwell</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Gene_Graham" title="Gene Graham">Gene S. Graham</a>&#160;(1962)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lewis" title="Anthony Lewis">Anthony Lewis</a>&#160;(1963)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Merriman_Smith" title="Merriman Smith">Merriman Smith</a>&#160;(1964)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_M._Kohlmeier_Jr." title="Louis M. Kohlmeier Jr.">Louis M. Kohlmeier Jr.</a>&#160;(1965)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Haynes_Johnson" title="Haynes Johnson">Haynes Johnson</a>&#160;(1966)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Penn" title="Stanley Penn">Stanley Penn</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Karmin" title="Monroe Karmin">Monroe Karmin</a>&#160;(1967)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Kotz" title="Nick Kotz">Nathan K. (Nick) Kotz</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_James_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard James (journalist) (page does not exist)">Howard James</a>&#160;(1968)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Cahn_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Cahn (journalist) (page does not exist)">Robert Cahn</a>&#160;(1969)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Eaton" title="William J. Eaton">William J. Eaton</a>&#160;(1970)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lucinda_Franks" title="Lucinda Franks">Lucinda Franks </a>&#160;(1971)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Anderson_(columnist)" title="Jack Anderson (columnist)">Jack Anderson</a>&#160;(1972)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyd_(journalist)" title="Robert Boyd (journalist)">Robert Boyd</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Clark_Hoyt" title="Clark Hoyt">Clark Hoyt</a>&#160;(1973)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jack_White_(reporter)" title="Jack White (reporter)">Jack White</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/James_Polk_(journalist)" title="James Polk (journalist)">James R. Polk</a>&#160;(1974)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Barlett" title="Donald L. Barlett">Donald L. Barlett</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/James_B._Steele" title="James B. Steele">James B. Steele</a>&#160;(1975)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_V._Risser" title="James V. Risser">James V. Risser</a>&#160;(1976)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mears" title="Walter Mears">Walter Mears</a>&#160;(1977)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord_Shaw" title="Gaylord Shaw">Gaylord D. Shaw</a>&#160;(1978)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/James_V._Risser" title="James V. Risser">James V. Risser</a>&#160;(1979)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Swenson_Orsini" title="Bette Swenson Orsini">Bette Swenson Orsini</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Stafford_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Stafford (journalist) (page does not exist)">Charles Stafford</a>&#160;(1980)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Crewdson" title="John M. Crewdson">John M. Crewdson</a>&#160;(1981)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Atkinson" title="Rick Atkinson">Rick Atkinson</a>&#160;(1982)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>&#160;(1983)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/John_Noble_Wilford" title="John Noble Wilford">John Noble Wilford</a>&#160;(1984)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Knudson" title="Tom Knudson">Thomas J. Knudson</a>&#160;(1985)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Flournoy" title="Craig Flournoy">Craig Flournoy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Rodrigues&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Rodrigues (page does not exist)">George Rodrigues</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Howe" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Howe">Arthur Howe</a>&#160;(1986)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">The Miami Herald</a></i> &amp; Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(1987)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Weiner" title="Tim Weiner">Tim Weiner</a>&#160;(1988)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Barlett" title="Donald L. Barlett">Donald L. Barlett</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/James_B._Steele" title="James B. Steele">James B. Steele</a>&#160;(1989)</li>
+<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ross_Anderson_(journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ross Anderson (journalist) (page does not exist)">Ross Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Dietrich_(novelist)" title="William Dietrich (novelist)">Bill Dietrich</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Ann_Gwinn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Ann Gwinn (page does not exist)">Mary Ann Gwinn</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Nalder" title="Eric Nalder">Eric Nalder</a>&#160;(1990)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Marjie_Lundstrom" title="Marjie Lundstrom">Marjie Lundstrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rochelle_Sharpe" title="Rochelle Sharpe">Rochelle Sharpe</a> &amp; <i><a href="/wiki/Gannett" title="Gannett">Gannett News Service</a></i>&#160;(1991)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Taylor_(journalist)" title="Jeff Taylor (journalist)">Jeff Taylor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_McGraw&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mike McGraw (page does not exist)">Mike McGraw</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star" title="The Kansas City Star">The Kansas City Star</a>&#160;(1992)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_Maraniss" title="David Maraniss">David Maraniss</a>&#160;(1993)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Welsome" title="Eileen Welsome">Eileen Welsome</a>&#160;(1994)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Horwitz" title="Tony Horwitz">Tony Horwitz</a>&#160;(1995)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Alix_M._Freedman" title="Alix M. Freedman">Alix M. Freedman</a>&#160;(1996)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>&#160;(1997)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Carollo" title="Russell Carollo">Russell Carollo</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Nesmith" title="Jeff Nesmith">Jeff Nesmith</a>&#160;(1998)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(1999)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Gerth" title="Jeff Gerth">Jeff Gerth</a>&#160;(1999)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>&#160;(2000)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(2001)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>&#160;(2002)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Miller_(journalist)" title="Alan Miller (journalist)">Alan Miller</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sack" title="Kevin Sack">Kevin Sack</a>&#160;(2003)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>&#160;(2004)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Bogdanich" title="Walt Bogdanich">Walt Bogdanich</a>&#160;(2005)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/James_Risen" title="James Risen">James Risen</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Lichtblau" title="Eric Lichtblau">Eric Lichtblau</a> (2006)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune" title="The San Diego Union-Tribune">The San Diego Union-Tribune</a></i> &amp; Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/Copley_Press" title="Copley Press">Copley News Service</a></i> including <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Stern_(journalist)" title="Marcus Stern (journalist)">Marcus Stern</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Kammer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Kammer (page does not exist)">Jerry Kammer</a>&#160;(2006)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Savage_(author)" title="Charlie Savage (author)">Charlie Savage</a>&#160;(2007)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Becker" title="Jo Becker">Jo Becker</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Barton_Gellman" title="Barton Gellman">Barton Gellman</a>&#160;(2008)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i>&#160;(2009)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Richtel" title="Matt Richtel">Matt Richtel</a> &amp; Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times </a></i>&#160;(2010)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Eisinger" title="Jesse Eisinger">Jesse Eisinger</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Jake_Bernstein_(journalist)" title="Jake Bernstein (journalist)">Jake Bernstein</a>&#160;(2011)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_Wood_(journalist)" title="David Wood (journalist)">David Wood</a>&#160;(2012)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Song" title="Lisa Song">Lisa Song</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_McGowan" title="Elizabeth McGowan">Elizabeth McGowan</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/David_Hasemyer" title="David Hasemyer">David Hasemyer</a>&#160;(2013)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_Philipps" title="David Philipps">David Philipps</a>&#160;(2014)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Carol_D._Leonnig" title="Carol D. Leonnig">Carol D. Leonnig</a>&#160;(2015)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>&#160;(2016)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/David_Fahrenthold" title="David Fahrenthold">David Fahrenthold</a>&#160;(2017)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> &amp; Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>&#160;(2018)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>&#160;(2019)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Gates" title="Dominic Gates">Dominic Gates</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Miletich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Miletich (page does not exist)">Steve Miletich</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mike_Baker_(American_journalist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mike Baker (American journalist) (page does not exist)">Mike Baker</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Kamb&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Kamb (page does not exist)">Lewis Kamb</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i> (2020)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/T._Christian_Miller" title="T. Christian Miller">T. Christian Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megan_Rose" title="Megan Rose">Megan Rose</a> &amp; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Faurtechi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Faurtechi (page does not exist)">Robert Faurtechi</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a></i>&#160;(2020)</li>
+<li>Staff of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> (2022)</li>
+<li>[Caroline Kitchener]] (2023)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Public_Service" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_PublicService" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize PublicService"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_for_Public_Service" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Public_Service" title="Pulitzer Prize for Public Service">Pulitzer Prize for Public Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1918–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York Times</a></i> (1918)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal_Sentinel" title="Milwaukee Journal Sentinel">Milwaukee Journal</a></i> (1919)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Post" title="The Boston Post">Boston Post</a></i> (1921)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York World</a></i> (1922)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Commercial_Appeal" title="The Commercial Appeal">Memphis Commercial Appeal</a></i> (1923)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York World</a></i> (1924)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ledger-Enquirer" title="Ledger-Enquirer">Columbus Enquirer Sun</a></i> (1926)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Canton_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton Daily News">Canton Daily News</a></i> (1927)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Times" title="Indianapolis Times">Indianapolis Times</a></i> (1928)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York Evening World</a></i> (1929)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">Atlanta Constitution</a></i> (1931)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_News" title="Indianapolis News">Indianapolis News</a></i> (1932)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World-Telegram" title="New York World-Telegram">New York World-Telegram</a></i> (1933)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mail_Tribune" title="Mail Tribune">Medford Mail Tribune</a></i> (1934)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacramento_Bee" title="The Sacramento Bee">The Sacramento Bee</a></i> (1935)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gazette_(Cedar_Rapids)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gazette (Cedar Rapids)">Cedar Rapids Gazette</a></i> (1936)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> (1937)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bismarck_Tribune" title="The Bismarck Tribune">Bismarck Tribune</a></i> (1938)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Miami_News" title="The Miami News">Miami Daily News</a></i> (1939)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Republican-American" title="Republican-American">Waterbury Republican &amp; American</a></i> (1940)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> (1941)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (1942)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Omaha_World-Herald" title="Omaha World-Herald">Omaha World-Herald</a></i> (1943)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York Times</a></i> (1944)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a></i> (1945)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scranton_Times-Tribune" title="The Scranton Times-Tribune">Scranton Times</a></i> (1946)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">Baltimore Sun</a></i> (1947)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> (1948)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Journal_Star" title="Lincoln Journal Star">Nebraska State Journal</a></i> (1949)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_News" title="Chicago Daily News">Chicago Daily News</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> (1950)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Eagle" title="Brooklyn Eagle">Brooklyn Eagle</a></i> (1951)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> (1952)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_News_Reporter" title="The News Reporter">Whiteville News Reporter</a></i> (1953)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i> (1954)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ledger-Enquirer" title="Ledger-Enquirer">Columbus Ledger</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ledger-Enquirer" title="Ledger-Enquirer">Sunday Ledger-Enquirer</a></i> (1955)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Register-Pajaronian" class="mw-redirect" title="Register-Pajaronian">Watsonville Register-Pajaronian</a></i> (1956)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_News" title="Chicago Daily News">Chicago Daily News</a></i> (1957)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Gazette" title="Arkansas Gazette">Arkansas Gazette</a></i> (1958)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_Observer-Dispatch" class="mw-redirect" title="The Observer-Dispatch"><i>Utica Observer-Dispatch</i> and <i>Utica Daily Press</i></a> (1959)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (1960)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Amarillo_Globe-News" title="Amarillo Globe-News">Amarillo Globe-Times</a></i> (1961)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_News_Herald_(Panama_City)" title="The News Herald (Panama City)">Panama City News-Herald</a></i> (1962)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_News" title="Chicago Daily News">Chicago Daily News</a></i> (1963)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">St. Petersburg Times</a></i> (1964)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hutchinson_News" title="The Hutchinson News">Hutchinson News</a></i> (1965)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">Boston Globe</a></i> (1966)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Journal_Sentinel" title="Milwaukee Journal Sentinel">Milwaukee Journal</a></i> (1967)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Press-Enterprise_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Press-Enterprise (California)">Riverside Press-Enterprise</a></i> (1968)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (1969)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i> (1970)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem_Journal" title="Winston-Salem Journal">Winston-Salem Journal</a></i> (1971)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> (1972)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> (1973)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i> (1974)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">Boston Globe</a></i> (1975)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Dispatch_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Dispatch News">Anchorage Daily News</a></i> (1976)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lufkin_Daily_News" title="The Lufkin Daily News">Lufkin Daily News</a></i> (1977)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i> (1978)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes_Light_(newspaper)" title="Point Reyes Light (newspaper)">Point Reyes Light</a></i> (1979)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Gannett_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett Company">Gannett News Service</a></i> (1980)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Charlotte_Observer" title="The Charlotte Observer">Charlotte Observer</a></i> (1981)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_News" title="The Detroit News">Detroit News</a></i> (1982)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Clarion-Ledger" title="The Clarion-Ledger">Jackson Clarion-Ledger</a></i> (1983)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> (1984)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth_Star-Telegram" title="Fort Worth Star-Telegram">Fort Worth Star-Telegram</a></i> (1985)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Denver_Post" title="The Denver Post">Denver Post</a></i> (1986)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Press">Pittsburgh Press</a></i> (1987)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Charlotte_Observer" title="The Charlotte Observer">Charlotte Observer</a></i> (1988)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Dispatch_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Dispatch News">Anchorage Daily News</a></i> (1989)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Daily_News" title="Washington Daily News">Washington Daily News</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i> (1990)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Des_Moines_Register" title="The Des Moines Register">Des Moines Register</a></i> (1991)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacramento_Bee" title="The Sacramento Bee">Sacramento Bee</a></i> (1992)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Miami_Herald" title="Miami Herald">Miami Herald</a></i> (1993)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Akron_Beacon_Journal" title="Akron Beacon Journal">Akron Beacon Journal</a></i> (1994)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Islands_Daily_News" title="The Virgin Islands Daily News">Virgin Islands Daily News</a></i> (1995)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_News_%26_Observer" title="The News &amp; Observer">News &amp; Observer</a></i> (1996)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" title="The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate">New Orleans Times-Picayune</a></i> (1997)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Forks_Herald" title="Grand Forks Herald">Grand Forks Herald</a></i> (1998)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> (1999)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> (2000)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2025</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a></i>&#160;(2001)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(2002)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>&#160;(2003)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(2004)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>&#160;(2005)</li>
+<li>Biloxi <i><a href="/wiki/Sun_Herald" title="Sun Herald">Sun Herald</a></i> and New Orleans <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times-Picayune/The_New_Orleans_Advocate" title="The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate">Times-Picayune</a></i>&#160;(2006)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>&#160;(2007)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>&#160;(2008)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Sun" title="Las Vegas Sun">Las Vegas Sun</a></i>&#160;(2009)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Herald_Courier" title="Bristol Herald Courier">Bristol Herald Courier</a></i>&#160;(2010)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>&#160;(2011)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i>&#160;(2012)</li>
+<li>Fort Lauderdale<i> <a href="/wiki/Sun_Sentinel" title="Sun Sentinel">Sun Sentinel</a></i>&#160;(2013)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>&#160;(2014)</li>
+<li>Charleston <i><a href="/wiki/The_Post_and_Courier" title="The Post and Courier">Post and Courier</a></i>&#160;(2015)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>&#160;(2016)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a>&#160;(2017)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>&#160;(2018)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_Sentinel" title="Sun Sentinel">Sun Sentinel</a></i>&#160;(2019)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_Daily_News" title="Anchorage Daily News">Anchorage Daily News</a></i>&#160;(2020)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i>&#160;(2021)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>&#160;(2022)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>&#160;(2023)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a>&#160;(2024)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService">Complete list</a></li>
+<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_1918%E2%80%931925" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 1918–1925">1918–1925</a>)</li>
+<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_1926%E2%80%931950" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 1926–1950">1926–1950</a>)</li>
+<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 1951–1975">1951–1975</a>)</li>
+<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 1976–2000">1976–2000</a>)</li>
+<li>(<a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_PublicService_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Template:PulitzerPrize PublicService 2001–2025">2001–2025</a>)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Template:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Template talk:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize_SpecialCitations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_Special_Citations_and_Awards" title="Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards">Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_I._Cobb" title="Frank I. Cobb">Frank I. Cobb</a>* (1924)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Dapping" title="William O. Dapping">William O. Dapping</a> (1930)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Edmonton_Journal" title="Edmonton Journal">Edmonton Journal</a></i> (1938)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> (1941)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Price" title="Byron Price">Byron Price</a> (1944)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Post-Dispatch" title="St. Louis Post-Dispatch">St. Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> (1947)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Leo_Sulzberger_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus Leo Sulzberger II">Cyrus L. Sulzberger</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Krock" title="Arthur Krock">Arthur Krock</a> (1951)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Max_Kase" title="Max Kase">Max Kase</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star" title="The Kansas City Star">The Kansas City Star</a></i> (1952)</li>
+<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a></i> (1953)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lippmann" title="Walter Lippmann">Walter Lippmann</a> (1958)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Gannett_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett Company">Gannett Newspapers</a></i> (1964)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lee_Strout" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Lee Strout">Richard Lee Strout</a> (1978)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Caen" title="Herb Caen">Herb Caen</a> (1996)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette" title="Capital Gazette">Capital Gazette</a></i> (2019)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a> (2020, posthumous)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a> (2021)</li></ul>
+</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span><br /><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/60px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/90px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png/120px-Pulitzer_Medal_-_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1101" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i>Love Songs</i> by <a href="/wiki/Sara_Teasdale" title="Sara Teasdale">Sara Teasdale</a> (1918)</li>
+<li><i>Corn Huskers</i> by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>/<i>Old Road to Paradise</i> by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Widdemer" title="Margaret Widdemer">Margaret Widdemer</a> (1919)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Roberts_(author)" title="Kenneth Roberts (author)">Kenneth Roberts</a> (1957)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Defeat_of_the_Spanish_Armada" class="mw-redirect" title="The Defeat of the Spanish Armada">The Defeat of the Spanish Armada</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Garrett_Mattingly" title="Garrett Mattingly">Garrett Mattingly</a> (1960)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Heritage_Picture_History_of_the_Civil_War&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War (page does not exist)">American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War</a></i> (1961)</li>
+<li><i>George Washington, Vols. I-IV</i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Flexner" title="James Thomas Flexner">James Thomas Flexner</a> (1973)</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots:_The_Saga_of_an_American_Family" title="Roots: The Saga of an American Family">Roots</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alex_Haley" title="Alex Haley">Alex Haley</a> (1977)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/E.B._White" class="mw-redirect" title="E.B. White">E.B. White</a> (1978)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Theodor Seuss Geisel</a> (1984)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Maus" title="Maus">Maus</a></i> (1992)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_S._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund S. Morgan">Edmund S. Morgan</a> (2006)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>. A special award for <i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_(musical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma (musical)">Oklahoma!</a></i> (1944)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sessions" title="Roger Sessions">Roger Sessions</a> (1974)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Joplin" title="Scott Joplin">Scott Joplin</a> (1976)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Babbitt" title="Milton Babbitt">Milton Babbitt</a> (1982)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a> (1985)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> (1998)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> (1999)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk" title="Thelonious Monk">Thelonious Monk</a> (2006)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a> (2007)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2008)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a> (2010)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> (2019)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Allen_White" title="William Allen White">William Allen White</a>* (1944)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism">Graduate School of Journalism</a> (1947)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_D._Fackenthal" title="Frank D. Fackenthal">Frank D. Fackenthal</a> (1948)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/John_Hohenberg" title="John Hohenberg">John Hohenberg</a> (1976)</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.">Joseph Pulitzer, Jr.</a> (1985)</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* indicates award given to widow in year after his death</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tor_onion_services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tor_onion_services" title="Template:Tor onion services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tor_onion_services" title="Template talk:Tor onion services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tor_onion_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tor onion services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tor_onion_services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)#Onion_services" title="Tor (network)">Tor onion services</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
+<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tor_onion_services" title="List of Tor onion services">List</a></li>
+<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tor_onion_services" title="Category:Tor onion services">Category</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">Search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmia" title="Ahmia">Ahmia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Brave_Search" title="Brave Search">Brave Search</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo" title="DuckDuckGo">DuckDuckGo</a>*</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Cliqz" title="Cliqz">Cliqz</a>*</i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Grams_(search)" title="Grams (search)">Grams</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/MetaGer" title="MetaGer">MetaGer</a>*</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Searx" title="Searx">Searx</a>*</i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Bellingcat" title="Bellingcat">Bellingcat</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Current_Time_TV" title="Current Time TV">Current Time TV</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Die_Tageszeitung" title="Die Tageszeitung">Die Tageszeitung</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a>*</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Darknetlive" title="Darknetlive">Darknetlive</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/DeepDotWeb" title="DeepDotWeb">DeepDotWeb</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Asia" title="Radio Free Asia">Radio Free Asia</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Indymedia" title="Indymedia">Independent Media Center</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>*</li>
+<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New York Times</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/ProPublica" title="ProPublica">ProPublica</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>*</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File storage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">file sharing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/BTDigg" title="BTDigg">BTDigg</a>*</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Hosting" title="Freedom Hosting">Freedom Hosting</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Haven_Project" title="Free Haven Project">Free Haven Project</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/KickassTorrents" title="KickassTorrents">KickassTorrents</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a>*</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_provider" title="Mailbox provider">Email</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitmessage" title="Bitmessage">Bitmessage.ch</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Briar_(software)" title="Briar (software)">Briar</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Keybase" title="Keybase">Keybase</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Mail" title="Proton Mail">Proton Mail</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Riseup" title="Riseup">Riseup</a>*</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tor_Mail" title="Tor Mail">Tor Mail</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/TorChat" title="TorChat">TorChat</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">Social media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">forums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dark0de" title="Dark0de">Dark0de</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Dread_(forum)" title="Dread (forum)">Dread</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_onion_address" title="Facebook onion address"> Facebook</a>*</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/HackBB" title="HackBB">HackBB</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_Hub_(forum)" title="The Hub (forum)">The Hub</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Kiwi_Farms" title="Kiwi Farms">Kiwi Farms</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/The_Hidden_Wiki" title="The Hidden Wiki">The Hidden Wiki</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockchain.com" title="Blockchain.com">Blockchain.com</a>*</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Grams_(search)#Helix" title="Grams (search)">Helix</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Darknet_market" title="Darknet market">Darknet markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agora_(online_marketplace)" title="Agora (online marketplace)">Agora</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/AlphaBay" title="AlphaBay">AlphaBay</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_(market)" title="Atlantis (market)">Atlantis</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Market_Reloaded" title="Black Market Reloaded">Black Market Reloaded</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dream_Market" title="Dream Market">Dream Market</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Evolution_(marketplace)" title="Evolution (marketplace)">Evolution</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Farmer%27s_Market" title="The Farmer&#39;s Market">The Farmer's Market</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hansa_(market)" title="Hansa (market)">Hansa</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_Market" title="Hydra Market">Hydra Market</a></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheep_Marketplace" title="Sheep Marketplace">Sheep Marketplace</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_(marketplace)" title="Silk Road (marketplace)">Silk Road</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/TheRealDeal" title="TheRealDeal">TheRealDeal</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Anonymous_Marketplace" title="Russian Anonymous Marketplace">Russian Anonymous Marketplace</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tor_Carding_Forum" title="Tor Carding Forum">Tor Carding Forum</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Utopia_(marketplace)" title="Utopia (marketplace)">Utopia</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/White_House_Market" title="White House Market">White House Market</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">Document archives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a>*</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Doxbin_(darknet)" title="Doxbin (darknet)">Doxbin (darknet)</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Z-Library" title="Z-Library">Z-Library</a>*</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_Press_Foundation" title="Freedom of the Press Foundation">Freedom of the Press Foundation</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Front_Line_Defenders" title="Front Line Defenders">Front Line Defenders</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/La_Quadrature_du_Net" title="La Quadrature du Net">La Quadrature du Net</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_International" title="Privacy International">Privacy International</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Telecomix" title="Telecomix">Telecomix</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/DivestOS" title="DivestOS">DivestOS</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Qubes_OS" title="Qubes OS">Qubes OS</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tails_(operating_system)" title="Tails (operating system)">Tails</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Whonix" title="Whonix">Whonix</a>*</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>*</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Whistleblowing" title="Whistleblowing">Whistleblowing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets" title="Distributed Denial of Secrets">Distributed Denial of Secrets</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Whistleblowing_Press#Filtrala" title="Associated Whistleblowing Press">Filtrala</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/GlobaLeaks" title="GlobaLeaks">GlobaLeaks</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Whistleblowing_Press#Ljost" title="Associated Whistleblowing Press">Ljost</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Nawaat#Nawaatleaks" title="Nawaat">NawaatLeaks</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/SecureDrop" title="SecureDrop">SecureDrop</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_Action_League#WildLeaks_Project" title="Elephant Action League">WildLeaks</a></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boystown_(website)" title="Boystown (website)">Boystown</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Childs_Play_(website)" title="Childs Play (website)">Childs Play</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lolita_City" title="Lolita City">Lolita City</a></i></li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Playpen_(website)" title="Playpen (website)">Playpen</a></i></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Pornhub" title="Pornhub">Pornhub</a>*</li>
+<li><i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_to_Video_case" title="Welcome to Video case">Welcome to Video</a></i></li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1.1.1.1" title="1.1.1.1">1.1.1.1</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/DEF_CON" title="DEF CON">DEF CON</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/F-Droid" title="F-Droid">F-Droid</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mailpile" title="Mailpile">Mailpile</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Mullvad" title="Mullvad">Mullvad</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Njalla" title="Njalla">Njalla</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a>*</li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Terms_of_Service;_Didn%27t_Read" title="Terms of Service; Didn&#39;t Read">Terms of Service; Didn't Read</a>*</li></ul>
+</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Sites in <i>italics</i> are now offline or discontinued (not counting ambiguously <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">forked</a> sites).
+<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)#Onion_services" title="Tor (network)">Tor</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/.onion" title=".onion">.onion domain</a></li>
+<li><a href="/wiki/Tor2web" title="Tor2web">Tor2web</a></li>
+<li> *Maintains additional presence on the surface web </li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
+<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9684#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9684#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9684#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="The New York Times (work)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/186133057">VIAF</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="The New York Times (corporate)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/270040637">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4171689-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2002041097">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36556722">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX3620824">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1696689">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90606601">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB201801956">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sb44r3143mkv10j">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810539890405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&amp;url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&amp;id=492/88490">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007265936305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058618352006706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/18660">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027326403">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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+					<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_New_York_Times" title="Category:The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1851_establishments_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:1851 establishments in New York (state)">1851 establishments in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Daily_newspapers_published_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Daily newspapers published in New York City">Daily newspapers published in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gerald_Loeb_Award_winners_for_Deadline_and_Beat_Reporting" title="Category:Gerald Loeb Award winners for Deadline and Beat Reporting">Gerald Loeb Award winners for Deadline and Beat Reporting</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_newspapers_published_in_the_United_States" title="Category:National 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Prize for National Reporting winners">Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pulitzer_Prize%E2%80%93winning_newspapers" title="Category:Pulitzer Prize–winning newspapers">Pulitzer Prize–winning newspapers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tor_onion_services" title="Category:Tor onion services">Tor onion services</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pages_semi-protected_against_vandalism" title="Category:Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism">Wikipedia pages semi-protected against 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Template:Infobox_newspaper","  2.59%  101.668      1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.639","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26446347,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n    [\"CITEREFAdamsLouttitTaylor2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFAl_Jazeera2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFAllen2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFAlterman2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFAmlen2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFApcar2006\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFArchibold2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFAsimov2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFAssociated_Press2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFAstle2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFAx2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBagli1999\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBagli2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBarbaro2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBarkerFontanella-Khan2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBarnett2010\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBarstowCraigBuettner2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBarstowCraigBuettnerTwohey2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBennerWee2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBennet2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBerger1951\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBisley2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBonner2011\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBradsher2012\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBranign2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBruell2023a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBruell2023b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBruell2024\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBudasoff2019\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBuettnerCraigMcIntire2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFBulik2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCBS_News2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCalame2007\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCampinotiFrehse2024\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCarpenter2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCarr2011\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCarrSomaiya2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFChan2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFChayka2019\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFChittum2010\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFChiu2019\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFChokshi2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCiocca2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCioccaSisson2019\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCommunications_and_Digital_Committee2008\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCorbett2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCorbett2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFCotlerSandhaus2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFD\u0026#039;Orazio2013\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDavis1921\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDavisGrynbaum2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDealBook2006\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDewar1978\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDiamond2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDiaz2022a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDiaz2022b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDisis2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2014c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2015a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2015b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2016b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2016d\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2016e\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2016f\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2017a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2017b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2017c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2023a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2023b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFDunlap2023c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFEdmonds2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFEllison2007\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFEllison2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFEmber2017a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFEmber2017b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFErnstVecsey2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFEskin2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFFarago2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFFarhi2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFFarhi2019\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFFischer2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFFittsEddy2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFFolkenflik2011\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFFolkenflik2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFFolkenflik2024\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFFu2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGallogly2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGapper2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGeorgeWaldfogel2006\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGoldfarb2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGoodin2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGrippe2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGrynbaum2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGrynbaum2022a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGrynbaum2022b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGrynbaumWindolf2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFGómez-Garcíade_la_Hera_Conde-Pumpido2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHaberman2012\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHaddon2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHaughney2012\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHeater2012a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHeater2012b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHerszenhorn2010\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHesser2010a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHesser2010b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHicks2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHicksWang2013\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHigginbotham2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHiltner2017b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFHollister2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFIzadi2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFJohnsonAli2024\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFJones2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKafka2022a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKafka2022b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKafkaMolla2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKalish2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKallaur2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKantorTwohey2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKhalid2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKim2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKirby2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKlein2023a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKlein2023c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKlein2023d\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKludt2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKnight2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFKorach2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLaFrance2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLee2013\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLee2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLeeKoppelQuick2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLeeQuealy2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLeonhardt2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLevine2024\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLippman2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLiptak2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFLopez2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMachkovech2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFManjoo2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMarantz2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMartin2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMartinHansen1998\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMazzei2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMcCreesh2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMcDuling2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMcFadden2001a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMcFadden2001b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMcGinley2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMcNulty2008\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMcQuiston1977\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMeyer2014a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMeyer2014b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMigdon2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMiller2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMnookin2004\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMoore2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMorris2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMukherjeeDatta2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFMyers2012\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFNagourney2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFNarea2019\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFNelson2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFNocera2012\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFNorman2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFOladipo2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFOpam2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFOrland2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFOrland2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFPadnaniChambers2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFPaiGrady2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFPatel2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFPaul2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFPeters2023c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFPeterson1997\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFPhelps2009\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFPisani2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFPolgreen2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFQuah2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFRemnick2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFReuters1985\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFReuters2010\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFRoberts2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFRobertson2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFRobertson2023a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFRobertson2023b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFRobertson2024\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFRobertsonFandos2024\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFRobertsonKoblin2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFRosen2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSanneh2007\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSarkar2019\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFScahillGrim2024\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFScahillGrimBoguslaw2024\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSchmidt2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSchmidt2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSchneier2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSchramm2011\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSchwarz2012\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSeelye2006\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSeo2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFShear2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFShepard1992\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSilver2010\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSmith2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSmith2020a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSmith2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSondern2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSorkin2011\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSorkin_et_al.2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSorrel2010\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFStelter2010\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFStelter2013\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFStelter2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSterling2009\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFStetson1978\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFStevens2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFStolberg2004\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSullivan2013a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSullivan2013b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSullivan2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSullivan2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFSymonds2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFTakenaga2019\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFTalese1981\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_Editorial_Board2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1922\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1935\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1937\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1938\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1963\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1968\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1986\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times1999\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2009\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2015b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2015c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2018a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2018b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2022a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2022b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2022c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2017a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2019d\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020d\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020e\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2020f\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021d\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021e\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021f\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021g\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2021h\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022d\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022e\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022f\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022g\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022h\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022i\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022j\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022k\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022l\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2022m\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023c\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2023d\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2024a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFThe_New_York_Times_Company2024b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFTimmer2010\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFTimmer2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFTompkins2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFTracy2012\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFTracy2013\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFTracy2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFTracy2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFUsher2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFValdeón2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFVan_Syckle2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFVictor2017\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFVincent2018\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFVnenchak2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWagner2024a\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWagner2024b\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWeinstein2019\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWilliams2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWilliamsFehr2021\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWilliamson2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWillis2008\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWilson2014\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWilson2015\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFWilson2020\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFYang2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFYu2016\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFYurcaba2023\"] = 1,\n    [\"CITEREFde_Visé2022\"] = 1,\n    [\"TimesMachine\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n    [\"!\"] = 18,\n    [\"'\"] = 63,\n    [\"About\"] = 1,\n    [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n    [\"As of\"] = 2,\n    [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n    [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n    [\"Cite book\"] = 14,\n    [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n    [\"Cite magazine\"] = 8,\n    [\"Cite news\"] = 20,\n    [\"Cite podcast\"] = 3,\n    [\"Cite report\"] = 2,\n    [\"Cite web\"] = 263,\n    [\"Convert\"] = 7,\n    [\"Criticism section\"] = 1,\n    [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n    [\"DEFAULTSORT:New York Times, The\"] = 1,\n    [\"Efn\"] = 13,\n    [\"Flagicon\"] = 42,\n    [\"Further\"] = 1,\n    [\"GeraldLoebAward Deadline and Beat Reporting\"] = 1,\n    [\"Harvid\"] = 104,\n    [\"Inflation\"] = 5,\n    [\"Inflation/year\"] = 1,\n    [\"Infobox newspaper\"] = 1,\n    [\"Internet Archive author\"] = 1,\n    [\"Lang\"] = 3,\n    [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n    [\"Librivox author\"] = 1,\n    [\"Main\"] = 15,\n    [\"N/A\"] = 1,\n    [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n    [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n    [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n    [\"Onion Official site\"] = 1,\n    [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n    [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n    [\"PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 1985–2000\"] = 1,\n    [\"PulitzerPrize BreakingNews 2001–2025\"] = 1,\n    [\"PulitzerPrize Explanatory Reporting\"] = 1,\n    [\"PulitzerPrize International Reporting\"] = 1,\n    [\"PulitzerPrize National Reporting\"] = 1,\n    [\"PulitzerPrize PublicService\"] = 1,\n    [\"PulitzerPrize SpecialCitations Journalism\"] = 1,\n    [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n    [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n    [\"Refbegin\"] = 12,\n    [\"Refend\"] = 12,\n    [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n    [\"See also\"] = 1,\n    [\"Sfn\"] = 388,\n    [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n    [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n    [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n    [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n    [\"The New York Times\"] = 1,\n    [\"The New York Times series\"] = 1,\n    [\"Tor onion services\"] = 1,\n    [\"URL\"] = 1,\n    [\"USD\"] = 5,\n    [\"Ubl\"] = 2,\n    [\"Ulist\"] = 1,\n    [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n    [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n    [\"Use shortened footnotes\"] = 1,\n    [\"White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","580","21.8"],["?","320","12.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","240","9.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","6.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","160","6.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","120","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","80","3.0"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","3.0"],["[others]","680","25.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6dd864dd59-fsp87","timestamp":"20241108083618","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script>
+<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"The New York Times","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9684","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9684","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-01T11:20:43Z","dateModified":"2024-11-04T14:49:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/b\/b7\/The_New_York_Times%2C_January_13%2C_2024.png","headline":"American daily newspaper (founded 1851)"}</script>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/images.rs b/tests/images.rs
index 9c150bd..b8aa033 100644
--- a/tests/images.rs
+++ b/tests/images.rs
@@ -53,5 +53,7 @@ fn test_image_with_space_issue() {
 #[test]
 fn test_image_with_query_issue() {
     let md = parse_html("<img src=\"https://instagram.ftll1-1.fna.fbcdn.net/vp/4c753762a3cd58ec2cd55f7e20f87e5c/5D39A8B3/t51.2885-15/sh0.08/e35/p640x640/54511922_267736260775264_8482507773977053160_n.jpg?_nc_ht=instagram.ftll1-1.fna.fbcdn.net\" style=\"width: 494px;\">", false);
+    println!("{:?}", md);
+
     assert_eq!(md, "![](https://instagram.ftll1-1.fna.fbcdn.net/vp/4c753762a3cd58ec2cd55f7e20f87e5c/5D39A8B3/t51.2885-15/sh0.08/e35/p640x640/54511922_267736260775264_8482507773977053160_n.jpg?_nc_ht=instagram.ftll1-1.fna.fbcdn.net)")
 }
diff --git a/tests/integration.rs b/tests/integration.rs
index ad16a1d..ba27bf7 100644
--- a/tests/integration.rs
+++ b/tests/integration.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 extern crate spectral;
 
-use html2md::ignore::IgnoreTagFactory;
-use html2md::{parse_html, parse_html_custom, parse_html_custom_with_url};
+// use html2md::ignore::IgnoreTagFactory;
+// use html2md::{parse_html, parse_html_custom, parse_html_custom_with_url};
+use html2md::parse_html;
+use indoc::indoc;
+use spectral::prelude::*;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::prelude::*;
 use url::Url;
 
-use indoc::indoc;
-use spectral::prelude::*;
-
 #[test]
 #[ignore]
 fn test_marcfs() {
@@ -23,15 +23,44 @@ fn test_marcfs() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-#[ignore]
-fn test_real_world() {
-    let mut html = String::new();
-    let mut html_file = File::open("test-samples/real-world-1.html").unwrap();
-    html_file
-        .read_to_string(&mut html)
-        .expect("File must be readable");
-    let result = parse_html(&html, false);
-    assert!(!result.is_empty());
+// #[ignore]
+fn test_real_world_wiki() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    use std::error::Error;
+    use std::fs::{self, File};
+    use std::io::{self, Read};
+    use std::path::Path;
+
+    let paths = fs::read_dir("test-samples/wiki")?;
+
+    fn run_parse(path: &Path) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+        let mut html = String::new();
+        let mut html_file = File::open(path)?;
+        html_file.read_to_string(&mut html)?;
+
+        let result = parse_html(&html, false);
+
+        if result.is_empty() {
+            Err(Box::new(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                "Result is empty",
+            )))
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    for entry in paths {
+        let path = entry?.path();
+
+        if path.is_file() {
+            match run_parse(&path) {
+                Ok(_) => assert!(true),
+                Err(_e) => assert!(false),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -128,7 +157,7 @@ fn test_tables_crash2() {
         .expect("File must be readable");
     let table_with_vertical_header = parse_html(&html, false);
 
-    assert_that!(table_with_vertical_header).contains(indoc! {"\n\n## At a Glance\n\n|Current Conditions:|Open all year. No reservations. No services.|\n|||\n| Reservations: | No reservations. |\n| Fees | No fee. |\n| Water: | No water. |\n\n"
+    assert_that!(table_with_vertical_header).contains(indoc! {"xxxxx xxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x xxxxx))~~xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx~~\n\n## At a Glance\n\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|Current Conditions:|Open all year. No reservations. No services.|\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n| Reservations: | No reservations. |\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n| Fees | No fee. |\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n| Water: | No water. |\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n|||\n\n"
     });
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +170,7 @@ fn test_html_from_text() {
         .expect("File must be readable");
 
     let mut tag_factory: HashMap<String, Box<dyn html2md::TagHandlerFactory>> = HashMap::new();
-    let tag = Box::new(IgnoreTagFactory {});
+    let tag = Box::new(html2md::ignore::IgnoreTagFactory {});
 
     tag_factory.insert(String::from("script"), tag.clone());
     tag_factory.insert(String::from("style"), tag.clone());
@@ -149,7 +178,7 @@ fn test_html_from_text() {
 
     tag_factory.insert(String::from("iframe"), tag);
 
-    let result = parse_html_custom_with_url(
+    let result = html2md::parse_html_custom_with_url(
         &html,
         &tag_factory,
         false,