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This guide walks you through the process of publishing and subscribing to messages using a JMS broker.

What You Will build

You will build an application that uses Spring’s JmsTemplate to post a single message and subscribes to it with a @JmsListener annotated method of a managed bean.

Starting with Spring Initializr

You can use this pre-initialized project and click Generate to download a ZIP file. This project is configured to fit the examples in this tutorial.

To manually initialize the project:

  1. Navigate to https://start.spring.io. This service pulls in all the dependencies you need for an application and does most of the setup for you.

  2. Choose either Gradle or Maven and the language you want to use. This guide assumes that you chose Java.

  3. Click Dependencies and select Spring for Apache ActiveMQ Artemis.

  4. Click Generate.

  5. Download the resulting ZIP file, which is an archive of an application that is configured with your choices.

Note
 If your IDE has the Spring Initializr integration, you can complete this process from your IDE.
Note
 You can also fork the project from Github and open it in your IDE or other editor.

Create a Message Receiver

Spring provides the means to publish messages to any POJO (Plain Old Java Object).

This guide describes how to send a message out over a JMS message broker. To start things off, create a simple POJO that embodies the details of an email message. Note that we are not sending an email message. We send the details from one place to another about WHAT to send in a message.

src/main/java/hello/Email.java

link:complete/src/main/java/hello/Email.java[role=include]

This POJO is quite simple, containing two fields (to and body), along with the presumed set of getters and setters.

From here, you can define a message receiver:

src/main/java/hello/Receiver.java

link:complete/src/main/java/hello/Receiver.java[role=include]

Receiver is also known as a message-driven POJO. As the code shows, there is no need to implement any particular interface or for the method to have any particular name. Besides, the method may have a flexible signature. Note, in particular, that this class has no import of the JMS API.

The JmsListener annotation defines the name of the Destination that this method should listen to and the reference to the JmsListenerContainerFactory to use to create the underlying message listener container. Strictly speaking, that last attribute is not necessary unless you need to customize the way the container is built, as Spring Boot registers a default factory if necessary.

The reference documentation covers this in more detail.

Send and receive JMS messages with Spring

Next, wire up a sender and a receiver.

src/main/java/hello/Application.java

link:complete/src/main/java/hello/Application.java[role=include]

For clarity, we have also defined a myFactory bean that is referenced in the JmsListener annotation of the receiver. Because we use the DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer infrastructure provided by Spring Boot, that JmsMessageListenerContainer is identical to the one that Spring Boot creates by default.

The default MessageConverter can convert only basic types (such as String, Map, Serializable), and our Email is not Serializable on purpose. We want to use Jackson and serialize the content to JSON in text format (that is, as a TextMessage). Spring Boot detects the presence of a MessageConverter and associates it to both the default JmsTemplate and any JmsListenerContainerFactory created by DefaultJmsListenerContainerFactoryConfigurer. Our JSON converter needs the following dependency: org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-json.

JmsTemplate makes it simple to send messages to a JMS destination. In the main runner method, after starting things up, you can use jmsTemplate to send an Email POJO. Because our custom MessageConverter has been automatically associated to it, a JSON document is generated in a TextMessage only.

Two beans that you do not see defined are JmsTemplate and ConnectionFactory. These are created automatically by Spring Boot. Spring Boot also automatically discovers the @JmsListener-annotated methods when the JMS infrastructure is available, that is there is no need to add @EnableJms.

By default, Spring Boot tries to connect to an artemis broker running on the local machine. It is also possible to embed the broker by adding the following configuration property:

spring.artemis.mode=embedded

You also need to add a dependency to org.apache.activemq:artemis-jakarta-server.

By default, Spring Boot creates a JmsTemplate configured to transmit to queues by having pubSubDomain set to false. The JmsMessageListenerContainer is also configured the same way. To override, set spring.jms.pub-sub-domain=true through Spring Boot’s property settings (either inside application.properties or by setting an environment variable). Then make sure the receiving container has the same setting.

Note
 Spring’s JmsTemplate can receive messages directly through its receive method, but that works only synchronously, meaning that it blocks. That is why we recommend that you use a listener container such as DefaultMessageListenerContainer with a cache-based connection factory, so you can consume messages asynchronously and with maximum connection efficiency.

When it runs, buried amidst all the logging, you should see these messages:

Sending an email message.
Received <Email{to=info@example.com, body=Hello}>

Summary

Congratulations! You have developed a publisher and consumer of JMS-based messages.