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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Q ⟩ Learning Resources</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="description" content="Quantum computing in your browser.">
<meta name="copyright" content="Stewart Smith 2019–2020">
<meta name="keywords" content="
Q, Q.js, Q-js, Qjs, quantum JavaScript,
quantum, quantum physics, quantum mechanics, superposition,
quantum computer, quantum computer programming, quantum computing, QC,
quantum simulator, quantum computer simulator,
qubit, qbit, gate, Hadamard, Bloch, Bloch Sphere,
Web, Web site, website, Web browser, browser, HTML, HTML5, JavaScript, ES6, CSS,
Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Brave, Edge, WebKit, Blink, Gecko, Mozilla,
Stewart Smith, Stewart, Stew, Stuart, Steven, Steve, Stewdio, stewartsmith, stew_rtsmith, @stew_rtsmith,
Moar, Moar Technologies Corp, MTC,
Google, IBM, Microsoft, Amazon, NASA, DWave, D-Wave,
Quil, OpenQASM,
ProjectQ, Qiskit,
Quantum Development Kit, Cirq, Strawberry Fields, t|ket>,
QCL, Quantum pseudocode, Q#, Q|SI>, Q language, qGCL, QFC, QML, LIQUi|>, Quipper,
Stanford CS 269 Q: Quantum Computer Programming">
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<meta property="og:description" content="Quantum computing in your browser.">
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://quantumjavascript.app/references.html">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://quantumjavascript.app/references.html">
<link href="assets/Q-favicon-064.png" rel="icon" type="image/png">
<link href="assets/Q-favicon-144.png" rel="apple-touch-icon">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="Q/Q.css">
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<script src="Q/Q-Matrix.js"></script>
<script src="Q/Q-Qubit.js"></script>
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<script src="Q/Q-Circuit-Editor.js"></script>
<script src="assets/navigation.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<main>
<h3>Gentle introductions</h3>
<p>
You’ve heard the term
“<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing" target="_blank">quantum computing</a>”
but you’re not sure what it means.
(And what does a quantum computer even look like?)
Don’t be afraid.
Start with these gentle introductions.
</p>
<h4>What is a quantum computer?</h4>
<a class="call-out" href="https://youtu.be/OWJCfOvochA" target="_blank"><img class="hero" src="assets/references/talia-gershon.jpg"></a>
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="https://youtu.be/OWJCfOvochA" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/OWJCfOvochA</a>
<br>
Dr. Talia Gershon is the director of research strategy and growth initiatives at IBM.
In this twenty-minute video for WIRED Magazine (2018)
she expertly explains quantum computing
to five levels of understanding—personified by a child,
teen, undergrad, grad student, and a field professional.
She also refers to an actual quantum computer apparatus
that she’s brought with her to these dialogues.
I have great respect for the art of explaining complex subjects
in a way that makes them intuitive
without losing the truth of the subject.
Dr. Gershon makes this tough task look easy.
<br>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/talia-gershon/" target="_blank">Dr. Talia Gershon on LinkedIn</a><br>
<a href="https://twitter.com/DrTaliaGershon" target="_blank">Dr. Talia Gershon on Twitter</a>
</p>
<h4>Quantum concepts, the easy way</h4>
<p>
You don’t need a
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" target="_blank">PhD</a>
in quantum physics to play with quantum computing.
After all, this computer you’re reading from doesn’t understand quantum physics.
Instead, it merely plugs together a few basic concepts
in order to simulate quantum computation.
Each of the following documentation pages
focus on one of the conceptual building blocks
used to create Q.js.
Taken together (and in this order)
they’ll teach you everything you need to know
to get started.
Haven’t done math like this since high school?
That’s ok.
These are gentle refreshers.
</p>
<br>
<ol>
<li><a href="Q-ComplexNumber.html">Complex numbers</a>.</li>
<li><a href="Q-Matrix.html">Matrices</a>.</li>
<li><a href="Q-Qubit.html">Quantum bits (qubits)</a>.</li>
<li><a href="Q-Gate.html">Quantum logic gates</a>.</li>
<li><a href="Q-Circuit.html">Quantum circuits</a>.</li>
</ol>
<br>
<p>
Since the above pages also serve as documentation for the Q.js code API
you may notice some code examples sprinkled into these primers for added clarity.
Code not your thing? That’s ok too.
It won’t hinder you to skip over those bits.
For each page the concept primers end
and the API documentation begins
with the heading titled <strong>Constructor</strong>.
(From there onwards it’s all about the code.)
</p>
<h4>The Quantum Computing talk</h4>
<a class="call-out" href="https://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/the-talk-3" target="_blank"><img class="hero" src="assets/references/the-talk.jpg"></a>
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="https://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/the-talk-3" target="_blank">https://www.smbc-comics.com/comic/the-talk-3</a>
<br>
Cartoonist Zach Weinersmith teams up with Scott Aaronson,
director of the <a href="http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~qic/" target="_blank">Quantum Information Center</a>
at the University of Texas at Austin,
to produce “The Talk” (2016)—a one-off comic that is both humorous and informative.
It also takes gentle swipes at pop science’s
mangled metaphors for explaining quantum phenomena.
Remember, parents: “If you don’t talk to your kids about quantum computing
someone else will.”
<br>
<a href="https://www.scottaaronson.com/" target="_blank">Scott Aaronson’s website</a><br>
<a href="https://twitter.com/ZachWeiner" target="_blank">Zach Weinersmith on Twitter</a>
</p>
<hr>
<h3>Quantum communities</h3>
<h4>The Quantum Daily</h4>
<a class="call-out" href="https://thequantumdaily.com/" target="_blank"><img class="hero" src="assets/references/the-quantum-daily.png"></a>
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="https://thequantumdaily.com/" target="_blank">https://thequantumdaily.com</a><br>
The Quantum Daily (TQD) is the
leading online information and data platform
dedicated exclusively to Quantum Computing.
TQD provides incisively written articles,
information on quantum computing companies,
market research and more.
</p>
<hr>
<h3>Help—I am a programmer.</h3>
<p>
Ok, so you’re no stranger to variables, basic algebra, and
banging your head against a keyboard.
It turns out that’s all you need to get started.
</p>
<h4>
Andrew Helwer’s
“Quantum computing for computer scientists”
lecture for Microsoft Research (2018)
</h4>
<img class="hero" src="assets/references/andrew-helwer.jpg">
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="https://youtu.be/F_Riqjdh2oM" target="_blank">https://youtu.be/F_Riqjdh2oM</a>
<br>
Named after the book of the same title—a book
Andrew reveres—this lecture explains qubits as matrices,
gate operations as matrices,
superposition,
and demonstrates an example of quantum computing’s
exponential power over classical computing.
This is the video that inspired me to build Q.js.
I’ve watched it about 100 times,
and each time I’m able to gleen a sliver of new insight.
<br>
<a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2018/05/40655.compressed.pdf" target="_blank">Lecture slides</a><br>
<a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/quantum-computing-computer-scientists/" target="_blank">Entry on Microsoft Research’s portal</a><br>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahelwer/" target="_blank">Andrew Helwer on LinkedIn</a>
</p>
<h4>
Noson Yanofsky and
Mirco Mannucci’s
“Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists” (2008)
</h4>
<img class="hero" src="assets/references/quantum-computing-for-computer-scientists.jpg">
<p>
<!--
<a class="call-out" target="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6337/14a7b044fca5f8870ab3b2204929c99b5c72.pdf" target="_blank">https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6337/14a7b044fca5f8870ab3b2204929c99b5c72.pdf</a> (This linked PDF includes the table of contents and preface only.)
<br>
-->
Don’t have a degree in maths or physics—but know how to code?
This book is for you!
Noson and Mirco explain quantum computing
in terms you’ll grok.
I highly recommend it.
<br>
<a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/quantum-computing-for-computer-scientists/8AEA723BEE5CC9F5C03FDD4BA850C711" target="_blank">Entry on Cambridge University Press</a><br>
<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U1chAwAAQBAJ" target="_blank">Entry on Google Books</a><br>
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Computing-Computer-Scientists-Yanofsky/dp/0521879965" target="_blank">Purchase from Amazon</a><br>
<a href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/quantum-computing-for-computer-scientists-noson-s-yanofsky/1100947717?ean=9780521879965" target="_blank">Purchase from Barnes & Noble</a><br>
<a href="https://www.target.com/p/quantum-computing-for-computer-scientists-by-noson-s-yanofsky-mirco-a-mannucci-hardcover/-/A-77844810" target="_blank">Purchase from Target</a>
</p>
<h4>
Michael Nielsen and
Isaac Chuang’s
“Quantum computation and quantum information” (2000, 2010)
</h4>
<img class="hero" src="assets/references/quantum-computing-and-quantum-information.jpg">
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="http://mmrc.amss.cas.cn/tlb/201702/W020170224608149940643.pdf" target="_blank">http://mmrc.amss.cas.cn/tlb/201702/W020170224608149940643.pdf</a>
<br>
This tome is a must-have, foundational book for quantum computing.
Beware: It is full of maths symbols.
As such I’ve found it useful to breeze-read through some sections,
totally unconcerned about if I’m truly absorbing the material or not.
Then to go back and read it again.
And again.
And yet again.
And so on.
By employing this unanxious repetition across days / moods / contexts it is almost by accident that the puzzle pieces begin to join and the picture comes in to focus.
Useless trivia:
It’s been nick-named “Mike & Ike” in honor
of the authors and the candy.
<br>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Computation_and_Quantum_Information" target="_blank">Entry on Wikipedia</a><br>
<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-s4DEy7o-a0C" target="_blank">Entry on Google Books</a><br>
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Quantum-Computation-Information-10th-Anniversary/dp/1107002176" target="_blank">Purchase from Amazon</a><br>
<a href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/quantum-computation-and-quantum-information-michael-a-nielsen/1100942343?ean=9781107002173" target="_blank">Purchase from Barnes & Noble</a><br>
<a href="https://www.target.com/p/quantum-computation-and-quantum-information-10-edition-by-michael-a-nielsen-isaac-l-chuang/-/A-78109376" target="_blank">Purchase from Target</a>
</p>
<hr>
<h3>Particulars</h3>
<h4>
Gwilym Newton’s
“Playing with the Bloch Sphere”
blog post (2019)
</h4>
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="https://quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/4720/what-circuit-or-operation-corresponds-to-the-tensor-product" target="_blank">https://quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/4720/what-circuit-or-operation-corresponds-to-the-tensor-product</a>
<br>
Published just days after I began work on Q.js,
this blog post by Gwilym Newton of IBM solved a problem I was banging my head against the wall over:
How to properly convert a qubit’s
<code><a href="Q-Qubit.html#this.alpha">alpha</a></code>
and
<code><a href="Q-Qubit.html#this.beta">beta</a></code>
properties in to <a href="Q-Qubit.html#.toBlochSphere">phi and theta angles</a>!
If you’re building your own
<a href="Q-Qubit.html#Bloch_sphere">Bloch Sphere visualizer</a>
you’ll notice this is surprisingly difficult to find code examples of.
Gwilym’s description helped me out.
<br>
<a href="https://www.ibm.com/blogs/emerging-technology/author/gwilym-newton/" target="_blank">Gwilym Newton on IBM Blogs</a><br>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/gwilym-newton-91774659/" target="_blank">Gwilym Newton on LinkedIn</a><br>
<a href="https://twitter.com/Trevelyan_Panda" target="_blank">Gwilym Newton on Twitter</a>
</p>
<!--
<h4>CNOT product is factorable</h4>
<p>
(but then shows an entangled state that is not)
https://quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/4720/what-circuit-or-operation-corresponds-to-the-tensor-product
</p>
<p>
3 things that make quantum speedup:
Superposition
Entanglement
Interference
</p>
-->
<hr>
<h3 id="Quantum_JavaScript_Qjs">Quantum JavaScript (Q.js)</h3>
<h4>Q turns 1 (Medium)</h4>
<img class="hero" src="assets/references/quantum-javascript-medium.jpg">
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="https://medium.com/@stew_rtsmith/quantum-javascript-d1effb84a619" target="_blank">https://medium.com/@stew_rtsmith/quantum-javascript-d1effb84a619</a><br>
A post written on the occasion of Q’s first birthday.
</p>
<h4>Q source code (GitHub)</h4>
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="https://github.com/stewdio/q.js" target="_blank">https://github.com/stewdio/q.js</a>
<br>
Q.js is open-source—and you can join right in!
Download the code. Contribute to it. Fork it.
Because the repo <em>is</em> the
documentation / examples / concept primer / source code,
everything exists at this one location.
</p>
<h4>Q documentation and tools</h4>
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="https://quantumjavascript.app/" target="_blank">https://quantumjavascript.app</a>
<br>
This very site that you are reading right now.
</p>
<h4 id="Qjs_on_twitter">#Qjs on Twitter</h4>
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="https://twitter.com/stew_rtsmith/status/1123415441915957250" target="_blank">https://twitter.com/stew_rtsmith/status/1123415441915957250</a>
<br>
The original Q.js Twitter thread started
in April 2019 with a clumsy ASCII diagram of a
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadamard_matrix" target="_blank">Hadamard matrix</a>.
From there the thread documents the
twists and turns of Q.js as it continues to evolve.
Let’s use the hashtag
<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Qjs" target="_blank">#Qjs</a>, eh?
</p>
<h4>Stewart Smith, Q creator</h4>
<p>
<a class="call-out" href="http://stewartsmith.io" target="_blank">http://stewartsmith.io</a>
<br>
Hi, I’m Stewart.
I do other things besides attempt to teach myself quantum computing.
I’ve been educated as a graphic designer and fine artist,
but began coding at an early age.
I’ve worked for the big tech companies,
created artworks for museums and galleries around the world,
and have spent the last few years
creating tools for virtual reality.
(That looks way more glamorous in writing than it is in real life.)
I live in Brooklyn NY with my family and will never move to San Francisco ;)
<br>
<a href="http://stewartsmith.io" target="_blank">Stewart Smith’s website</a><br>
<a href="https://twitter.com/stew_rtsmith" target="_blank">Stewart Smith on Twitter</a><br>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/stewart-smith-profile" target="_blank">Stewart Smith on LinkedIn</a><br>
<a href="https://github.com/stewdio/" target="_blank">Stewart Smith on GitHub</a><br>
<a href="https://medium.com/@stew_rtsmith" target="_blank">Stewart Smith on Medium</a>
</p>
</main>
</body>
</html>