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zfscrypt

zfscrypt implements a Linux Pluggable Authentication Module that encrypts users home directories with their login password leveraging ZFS native encryption. The concept was heavily inspired by Google's fscrypt.

Warning: This is my first project written in C. It might contain severe security issues.

Features & Usage

All datasets with the following properties will be automatically unlocked when the corresponding user logs in (and locked after logout).

Property Value
io.github.benkerry:zfscrypt_user user name
encryption not off
keyformat passphrase
keylocation prompt
canmount not off

Create a new user with zfscrypt

The encryption key and the login password must be the same, otherwise automatic unlocking won't work. Future password changes will update the encryption key automatically.

zfs create -o mountpoint=/home tank/home
zfs create -o io.github.benkerry:zfscrypt_user=ben -o encryption=on -o keyformat=passphrase -o keylocation=prompt -o canmount=noauto tank/home/ben
zfs mount tank/home
zfs mount tank/home/ben
useradd --create-home ben
zfs allow -u ben load-key,change-key,mount tank/home/ben 
passwd ben

Migrate an existing user to zfscrypt

mv /home/ben /home/_ben
zfs create -o io.github.benkerry:zfscrypt_user=ben -o encryption=on -o keyformat=passphrase -o keylocation=prompt -o canmount=noauto -o mountpoint=/home/ben tank/home/ben
zfs allow -u ben load-key,change-key,mount tank/home/ben
zfs mount tank/home/ben
chown ben:ben /home/ben
chmod 0700 /home/ben
cp -ar /home/_ben/. /home/ben/
rm -rf /home/_ben

Building & Installing

Build dependencies

zfscrypt has the following build dependencies:

  • gcc or clang
  • make
  • libpam headers
  • libzfs headers
  • libnvpair headers

Depending on your distribution the libraries might be packaged as libpam-dev, libzfs-devel or something similar.

Runtime dependencies

zfscrypt requires ZFS v0.8.0 or later. You can check the version with:

zfs -V

Arch Linux and Ubuntu 19.10 or newer are known to meet this requirement.

Additionally following libraries must be present:

  • libpam.so
  • libzfs.so
  • libnvpair.so

This libraries are almost certainly already on your system. As long as you use ZFS at least.

Setup

First build the PAM module.

make

Then install (or update) it.

sudo make install

Unfortunately PAM configuration is a bit of a mess, because every distribution configures PAM differently. If you are not using Ubuntu have a look at the Arch Linux section below. Maybe you can adapt it to your distribution.

Having problems with PAM? Maybe the official documentation or one of this Arch Wiki pages pam, fscrypt can help you.

Ubuntu

Fortunately Ubuntu comes with a mechanism to configure PAM automatically.

sudo cp ./extras/ubuntu/usr/share/pam-configs/zfscrypt /usr/share/pam-configs/
sudo pam-auth-update --enable zfscrypt

Arch Linux

Append this line to the auth section in /etc/pam.d/system-login:

auth optional pam_zfscrypt.so

And append this two lines to the session section:

session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service = systemd-user quiet
session optional pam_zfscrypt.so

The first line is needed to work around some quirks in systemd.

ZFS encryption enforces a minimum password length of eight characters. So if you use pam_unix.so and/or pam_cracklib.so add minlen=8 to their module arguments in /etc/pam.d/passwd. It should look something like this:

password required pam_unix.so sha512 shadow minlen=8

Finally append the next line to etc/pam.d/passwd:

password optional pam_zfscrypt.so

Configuration

The behaivor of zfscrypt can be altered with the following, optional module arguments:

Argument Description
runtime_dir where to store session counters, defaults to /run/zfscrypt
free_inodes enables freeing of reclaimable inodes and dentries on logout, which might bring security benefits and/or performance problems
debug enables verbose logging

Example entry in /etc/pam.d/system-login:

session optional pam_zfscrypt.so runtime_dir=/tmp/zfscrypt free_inodes debug