-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 56
/
Copy pathOpenRHCE.html
5266 lines (5177 loc) · 223 KB
/
OpenRHCE.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.5: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" />
<title>RHCSA / RHCE Preparation</title>
<style type="text/css">
/*
:Author: David Goodger (goodger@python.org)
:Id: $Id: html4css1.css 5196 2007-06-03 20:25:28Z wiemann $
:Copyright: This stylesheet has been placed in the public domain.
Default cascading style sheet for the HTML output of Docutils.
See http://docutils.sf.net/docs/howto/html-stylesheets.html for how to
customize this style sheet.
*/
/* used to remove borders from tables and images */
.borderless, table.borderless td, table.borderless th {
border: 0 }
table.borderless td, table.borderless th {
/* Override padding for "table.docutils td" with "! important".
The right padding separates the table cells. */
padding: 0 0.5em 0 0 ! important }
.first {
/* Override more specific margin styles with "! important". */
margin-top: 0 ! important }
.last, .with-subtitle {
margin-bottom: 0 ! important }
.hidden {
display: none }
a.toc-backref {
text-decoration: none ;
color: black }
blockquote.epigraph {
margin: 2em 5em ; }
dl.docutils dd {
margin-bottom: 0.5em }
/* Uncomment (and remove this text!) to get bold-faced definition list terms
dl.docutils dt {
font-weight: bold }
*/
div.abstract {
margin: 2em 5em }
div.abstract p.topic-title {
font-weight: bold ;
text-align: center }
div.admonition, div.attention, div.caution, div.danger, div.error,
div.hint, div.important, div.note, div.tip, div.warning {
margin: 2em ;
border: medium outset ;
padding: 1em }
div.admonition p.admonition-title, div.hint p.admonition-title,
div.important p.admonition-title, div.note p.admonition-title,
div.tip p.admonition-title {
font-weight: bold ;
font-family: sans-serif }
div.attention p.admonition-title, div.caution p.admonition-title,
div.danger p.admonition-title, div.error p.admonition-title,
div.warning p.admonition-title {
color: red ;
font-weight: bold ;
font-family: sans-serif }
/* Uncomment (and remove this text!) to get reduced vertical space in
compound paragraphs.
div.compound .compound-first, div.compound .compound-middle {
margin-bottom: 0.5em }
div.compound .compound-last, div.compound .compound-middle {
margin-top: 0.5em }
*/
div.dedication {
margin: 2em 5em ;
text-align: center ;
font-style: italic }
div.dedication p.topic-title {
font-weight: bold ;
font-style: normal }
div.figure {
margin-left: 2em ;
margin-right: 2em }
div.footer, div.header {
clear: both;
font-size: smaller }
div.line-block {
display: block ;
margin-top: 1em ;
margin-bottom: 1em }
div.line-block div.line-block {
margin-top: 0 ;
margin-bottom: 0 ;
margin-left: 1.5em }
div.sidebar {
margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em ;
border: medium outset ;
padding: 1em ;
background-color: #ffffee ;
width: 40% ;
float: right ;
clear: right }
div.sidebar p.rubric {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-size: medium }
div.system-messages {
margin: 5em }
div.system-messages h1 {
color: red }
div.system-message {
border: medium outset ;
padding: 1em }
div.system-message p.system-message-title {
color: red ;
font-weight: bold }
div.topic {
margin: 2em }
h1.section-subtitle, h2.section-subtitle, h3.section-subtitle,
h4.section-subtitle, h5.section-subtitle, h6.section-subtitle {
margin-top: 0.4em }
h1.title {
text-align: center }
h2.subtitle {
text-align: center }
hr.docutils {
width: 75% }
img.align-left {
clear: left }
img.align-right {
clear: right }
ol.simple, ul.simple {
margin-bottom: 1em }
ol.arabic {
list-style: decimal }
ol.loweralpha {
list-style: lower-alpha }
ol.upperalpha {
list-style: upper-alpha }
ol.lowerroman {
list-style: lower-roman }
ol.upperroman {
list-style: upper-roman }
p.attribution {
text-align: right ;
margin-left: 50% }
p.caption {
font-style: italic }
p.credits {
font-style: italic ;
font-size: smaller }
p.label {
white-space: nowrap }
p.rubric {
font-weight: bold ;
font-size: larger ;
color: maroon ;
text-align: center }
p.sidebar-title {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-weight: bold ;
font-size: larger }
p.sidebar-subtitle {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-weight: bold }
p.topic-title {
font-weight: bold }
pre.address {
margin-bottom: 0 ;
margin-top: 0 ;
font-family: serif ;
font-size: 100% }
pre.literal-block, pre.doctest-block {
margin-left: 2em ;
margin-right: 2em }
span.classifier {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-style: oblique }
span.classifier-delimiter {
font-family: sans-serif ;
font-weight: bold }
span.interpreted {
font-family: sans-serif }
span.option {
white-space: nowrap }
span.pre {
white-space: pre }
span.problematic {
color: red }
span.section-subtitle {
/* font-size relative to parent (h1..h6 element) */
font-size: 80% }
table.citation {
border-left: solid 1px gray;
margin-left: 1px }
table.docinfo {
margin: 2em 4em }
table.docutils {
margin-top: 0.5em ;
margin-bottom: 0.5em }
table.footnote {
border-left: solid 1px black;
margin-left: 1px }
table.docutils td, table.docutils th,
table.docinfo td, table.docinfo th {
padding-left: 0.5em ;
padding-right: 0.5em ;
vertical-align: top }
table.docutils th.field-name, table.docinfo th.docinfo-name {
font-weight: bold ;
text-align: left ;
white-space: nowrap ;
padding-left: 0 }
h1 tt.docutils, h2 tt.docutils, h3 tt.docutils,
h4 tt.docutils, h5 tt.docutils, h6 tt.docutils {
font-size: 100% }
ul.auto-toc {
list-style-type: none }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="document" id="rhcsa-rhce-preparation">
<h1 class="title">RHCSA / RHCE Preparation</h1>
<h2 class="subtitle" id="a-creative-commons-courseware">A Creative Commons Courseware</h2>
<!-- Sequence of section adornments: -->
<!-- ==- - -->
<!-- ==- -==- -__++~~^^ -->
<!-- To exclude elements with a certain class from the PDF, use "- -strip-elements-with-class=classname" when producing a PDF. -->
<!-- To print a copy for other instructors, exclude the class "custom" -->
<!-- To print PDF slides (for classroom use), exclude the class "handout" -->
<!-- To print a handout version with additional explanatory notes, exclude the class "slides" -->
<!-- Course Outline -->
<!-- =========================== -->
<!-- .. contents:: -->
<div class="section" id="session-one-introductions">
<h1>Session One: Introductions</h1>
<div class="section" id="introductions-your-instructor">
<h2>Introductions: Your Instructor</h2>
<p class="custom">Scott Purcell</p>
<p class="custom"><a class="reference external" href="mailto:scott@texastwister.info">scott@texastwister.info</a></p>
<p class="custom"><a class="reference external" href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/scottpurcell">http://www.linkedin.com/in/scottpurcell</a></p>
<p class="custom"><a class="reference external" href="http://twitter.com/texastwister">http://twitter.com/texastwister</a></p>
<p class="custom"><a class="reference external" href="http://www.facebook.com/Scott.L.Purcell">http://www.facebook.com/Scott.L.Purcell</a></p>
<p class="custom"><strong>Qualifications</strong></p>
<blockquote class="custom">
<ul class="simple">
<li>RHCSA, RHCE #110-008-877 (RHEL6)</li>
<li>Also: CTT+, CLA, CLP, CNI, LPIC1, Linux+</li>
<li>Curriculum Developer and Trainer for a major computer manufacturer for 15 years</li>
<li>Linux Enthusiast since 2000</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p class="custom"><strong>Personal</strong></p>
<blockquote class="custom">
<ul class="simple">
<li>Disciple of Jesus Christ, Husband, Father, Eagle Scout, Computer Geek, Balloon Entertainer, and occasional coach of youth sports or leader of scouting units.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p class="custom"><strong>Fun</strong></p>
<blockquote class="custom">
<ul class="simple">
<li>Fun: Part-time Balloon Entertainer</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="introductions-fellow-students">
<h2>Introductions: Fellow Students</h2>
<p><strong>Please Introduce Yourselves</strong></p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Name</li>
<li>Where you work or what you do.</li>
<li>What Linux experience do you already have?</li>
<li>What goals do you have for this class?</li>
<li>Something fun about yourself.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="introductions-the-course">
<h2>Introductions: The Course</h2>
<p>Our Textbook:</p>
<blockquote>
RHCSA/RHCE Red Hat Linux Certification Study Guide
(Exams EX200 & EX300), 6th Edition (Certification Press)
Michael Jang
ISBN-10: 0071765654 | ISBN-13: 978-0071765657
Publication Date: June 17, 2011 | Edition: 6</blockquote>
<p>Our classroom time will not follow it closely, but it is invaluable for your background reading, later reference, and out-of-class practice and study.</p>
<div class="section" id="course-goals">
<h3>Course Goals</h3>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Primary Goal:</dt>
<dd>Preparation to Pass the RHCE Exam (assumes passage of the RHCSA Exam)</dd>
<dt>Secondary Goal:</dt>
<dd>Preparation to Pass the RHCSA Exam</dd>
<dt>Tertiary Goal:</dt>
<dd>Acquiring high-level Enterprise-oriented Linux skills</dd>
<dt>NOT a Goal of this course:</dt>
<dd>Acquiring basic or user-oriented Linux skills. These are assumed as prerequisite for this course.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reasonable-expectations">
<h2>Reasonable Expectations</h2>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Should I be able to pass the RHCE on this class alone?</p>
<blockquote>
<p>A stunning number (estimated at 50% or more) of seasoned professionals taking Red Hat's own prep courses fail to pass on first attempt.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Planning for more than one attempt is prudent.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Pass rates go up substantially on 2nd attempts.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Maximizing your out-of-class preparation time is prudent.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="preparation-recommendations">
<h2>Preparation Recommendations</h2>
<p><strong>1. Build a Practice/Study Environment</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Scenario 1 -- A single virtualization-capable system with multiple vm "guests".</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Host must have a 64 bit CPU with HW virtualization extensions</li>
<li>4 GB or more of RAM recommended as a minimum -- 2GB is likely an absolute minimum</li>
<li>60 GB of HDD space recommended as a minimum -- enough for the host OS and several VMs.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Scenario 2 -- Several Rackspace or Amazon VMs.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Scenario 3 -- Several physical systems, networked together.</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>These can be 32-bit (i386 / i686) or 64-bit (x86_64) systems</li>
<li>Each should have 768 MB of RAM as a minimum.</li>
<li>Each should have 12-20 GB of HDD space as a minimum.</li>
</ul>
<div class="caution">
<p class="first admonition-title">Caution!</p>
<p class="last">You may be unable to practice a few of the objectives (those related to virtualization) in this scenario.</p>
</div>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id1">
<h2>Preparation Recommendations</h2>
<p><strong>2. Take initiative -- form a study group.</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Find Participants:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>In class</li>
<li>At work</li>
<li>Linked-In groups</li>
<li>Local LUGs</li>
<li>MeetUps</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>3. Practice, practice, practice!</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Take the exam objectives and work to ensure that you can configure and secure every service, and implement every feature named in the course objectives.</p>
<p>Highlight areas on the objectives where you need review and bring your questions to class or post them on the Google Groups site:</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://groups.google.com/d/forum/acc-ce-linux-learners">https://groups.google.com/d/forum/acc-ce-linux-learners</a></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="an-os-for-practice-and-study">
<h2>An OS for Practice and Study</h2>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>RHEL 6</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://www.redhat.com/rhel/details/eval/">https://www.redhat.com/rhel/details/eval/</a></dd>
<dt>CENTOS 6</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://www.centos.org/">https://www.centos.org/</a> or <a class="reference external" href="http://vault.centos.org/">http://vault.centos.org/</a></dd>
<dt>Scientific Linux</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://www.scientificlinux.org/">http://www.scientificlinux.org/</a></dd>
<dt>Fedora 13</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/13/x86_64/">http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/13/x86_64/</a></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="online-information">
<h2>Online Information</h2>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Red Hat docs:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://access.redhat.com/knowledge/docs/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/">https://access.redhat.com/knowledge/docs/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/</a></dd>
<dt>RHCSA/RHCE Objectives and other information at:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://www.redhat.com/training/certifications/">https://www.redhat.com/training/certifications/</a></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="classroom-infrastructure">
<h2>Classroom Infrastructure</h2>
<p>RHEL6 Server installed on virtualization-capable Dell Optiplex workstations.</p>
<p>We will be creating multiple virtual machines on the hosts on which the Lab Exercises will be performed.</p>
<p>A classroom server is available at 192.168.5.200, offering a variety of services to your lab stations.</p>
<p>File downloads are available at <a class="reference external" href="ftp://192.168.5.200/pub">ftp://192.168.5.200/pub</a>.</p>
<p>Note, especially, the preconfigured yum repo file at <a class="reference external" href="ftp://192.168.5.200/pub/classroom.repo">ftp://192.168.5.200/pub/classroom.repo</a>. The following commands can be used on a newly configured virtual machine to configure it for access to the repository:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# wget ftp://192.168.5.200/pub/classroom.repo
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="red-hat-enterprise-linux">
<h2>Red Hat Enterprise Linux</h2>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Overview</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Well-tested Linux distro focusing on Enterprise features and stability and a long lifecycle</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Server and Desktop variants</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Add-on Functionality</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Support for high-end features such as Load Balancing, Clustering, Management, High Performance networking, etc.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">LifeCycle</p>
<blockquote>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/updates/errata/">https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/updates/errata/</a></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-red-hat-certification-landscape">
<h2>The Red Hat Certification Landscape</h2>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">RHCSA</p>
<blockquote>
<p>RHCSA is new, replacing the RHCT. It is the "core" sysadmin certification from Red Hat. To earn RHCE and other system administration certs will require first earning the RHCSA.</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p class="first"><a class="reference external" href="https://www.redhat.com/training/certifications/rhcsa/">RHCSA Details</a></p>
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first"><a class="reference external" href="https://www.redhat.com/training/courses/ex200/examobjective">RHCSA Objectives</a></p>
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">RHCE</p>
<blockquote>
<p>RHCE is a senior system administration certification. It is an eligibility requirement for taking any COE exams and is thus a requirement for the upper-level credentials as well.</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p class="first"><a class="reference external" href="https://www.redhat.com/training/courses/ex300/">RHCE Details</a></p>
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first"><a class="reference external" href="https://www.redhat.com/training/courses/ex300/examobjective">RHCE Objectives</a></p>
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Certificates of Expertise</p>
<blockquote>
<p>COEs are incremental credentials demonstrating skills and knowledge in specialized areas. They are worthy credentials in their own right, but also the building blocks of the upper level credentials.</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p class="first"><a class="reference external" href="https://www.redhat.com/training/certifications/expertise/">Overview of COEs</a></p>
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">RHCSS, RHCDS, RHCA</p>
<blockquote>
<p>These upper level credentials recognize those who have achieved expertise in several related specialized areas. Each one requires multiple COEs.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="exercise-1-1-install-rhel6-on-a-virtual-machine">
<h2>Exercise 1-1: Install RHEL6 on a Virtual Machine</h2>
<p>Following the instructor, install your first virtual machine.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id2">
<h2>RHCSA Objectives</h2>
<div class="section" id="rhcsa-objectives-understand-use-essential-tools">
<h3>RHCSA Objectives: Understand & Use Essential Tools</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Access a shell prompt and issue commands with correct syntax</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Use input-output redirection (>, >>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">|</span></tt>, 2>, etc.)</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Use grep and regular expressions to analyze text</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Access remote systems using ssh and VNC</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Log in and switch users in multi-user runlevels</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Archive, compress, unpack and uncompress files using tar, star, gzip, and bzip2</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Create and edit text files</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Create, delete, copy and move files and directories</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Create hard and soft links</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">List, set and change standard ugo/rwx permissions</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Locate, read and use system documentation including man, info, and files in /usr/share/doc .</p>
<blockquote>
<p>[Note: Red Hat may use applications during the exam that are not included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux for the purpose of evaluating candidate's abilities to meet this objective.]</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhcsa-operate-running-systems">
<h3>RHCSA: Operate Running Systems</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Boot, reboot, and shut down a system normally</li>
<li>Boot systems into different runlevels manually</li>
<li>Use single-user mode to gain access to a system</li>
<li>Identify CPU/memory intensive processes, adjust process priority with renice, and kill processes</li>
<li>Locate and interpret system log files</li>
<li>Access a virtual machine's console</li>
<li>Start and stop virtual machines</li>
<li>Start, stop and check the status of network services</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhcsa-configure-local-storage">
<h3>RHCSA: Configure Local Storage</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>List, create, delete and set partition type for primary, extended, and logical partitions</li>
<li>Create and remove physical volumes, assign physical volumes to volume groups, create and delete logical volumes</li>
<li>Create and configure LUKS-encrypted partitions and logical volumes to prompt for password and mount a decrypted file system at boot</li>
<li>Configure systems to mount file systems at boot by Universally Unique ID (UUID) or label</li>
<li>Add new partitions, logical volumes and swap to a system non-destructively</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhcsa-create-and-configure-file-systems">
<h3>RHCSA: Create and Configure File Systems</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Create, mount, unmount and use ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems</li>
<li>Mount, unmount and use LUKS-encrypted file systems</li>
<li>Mount and unmount CIFS and NFS network file systems</li>
<li>Configure systems to mount ext4, LUKS-encrypted and network file systems automatically</li>
<li>Extend existing unencrypted ext4-formatted logical volumes</li>
<li>Create and configure set-GID directories for collaboration</li>
<li>Create and manage Access Control Lists (ACLs)</li>
<li>Diagnose and correct file permission problems</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhcsa-deploy-configure-maintain">
<h3>RHCSA: Deploy, Configure & Maintain</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Configure networking and hostname resolution statically or dynamically</li>
<li>Schedule tasks using cron</li>
<li>Configure systems to boot into a specific runlevel automatically</li>
<li>Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux automatically using Kickstart</li>
<li>Configure a physical machine to host virtual guests</li>
<li>Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux systems as virtual guests</li>
<li>Configure systems to launch virtual machines at boot</li>
<li>Configure network services to start automatically at boot</li>
<li>Configure a system to run a default configuration HTTP server</li>
<li>Configure a system to run a default configuration FTP server</li>
<li>Install and update software packages from Red Hat Network, a remote repository, or from the local filesystem</li>
<li>Update the kernel package appropriately to ensure a bootable system</li>
<li>Modify the system bootloader</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhcsa-manage-users-and-groups">
<h3>RHCSA: Manage Users and Groups</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Create, delete, and modify local user accounts</li>
<li>Change passwords and adjust password aging for local user accounts</li>
<li>Create, delete and modify local groups and group memberships</li>
<li>Configure a system to use an existing LDAP directory service for user and group information</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhcsa-manage-security">
<h3>RHCSA: Manage Security</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Configure firewall settings using system-config-firewall or iptables</li>
<li>Set enforcing and permissive modes for SELinux</li>
<li>List and identify SELinux file and process context</li>
<li>Restore default file contexts</li>
<li>Use boolean settings to modify system SELinux settings</li>
<li>Diagnose and address routine SELinux policy violations</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id3">
<h2>RHCE Objectives</h2>
<div class="section" id="rhce-system-configuration-and-management">
<h3>RHCE: System Configuration and Management</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Route IP traffic and create static routes</li>
<li>Use iptables to implement packet filtering and configure network address translation (NAT)</li>
<li>Use /proc/sys and sysctl to modify and set kernel run-time parameters</li>
<li>Configure system to authenticate using Kerberos</li>
<li>Build a simple RPM that packages a single file</li>
<li>Configure a system as an iSCSI initiator that persistently mounts an iSCSI target</li>
<li>Produce and deliver reports on system utilization (processor, memory, disk, and network)</li>
<li>Use shell scripting to automate system maintenance tasks</li>
<li>Configure a system to log to a remote system</li>
<li>Configure a system to accept logging from a remote system</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhce-network-services">
<h3>RHCE: Network Services</h3>
<p>Network services are an important subset of the exam objectives. RHCE candidates should be capable of meeting the following objectives for each of the network services listed below:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Install the packages needed to provide the service</li>
<li>Configure SELinux to support the service</li>
<li>Configure the service to start when the system is booted</li>
<li>Configure the service for basic operation</li>
<li>Configure host-based and user-based security for the service</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>RHCE candidates should also be capable of meeting the following objectives associated with specific services:</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhce-http-https">
<h3>RHCE: HTTP/HTTPS</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Install the packages needed to provide the service</li>
<li>Configure SELinux to support the service</li>
<li>Configure the service to start when the system is booted</li>
<li>Configure the service for basic operation</li>
<li>Configure host-based and user-based security for the service</li>
<li>Configure a virtual host</li>
<li>Configure private directories</li>
<li>Deploy a basic CGI application</li>
<li>Configure group-managed content</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhce-dns">
<h3>RHCE: DNS</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Install the packages needed to provide the service</li>
<li>Configure SELinux to support the service</li>
<li>Configure the service to start when the system is booted</li>
<li>Configure the service for basic operation</li>
<li>Configure host-based and user-based security for the service</li>
<li>Configure a caching-only name server</li>
<li>Configure a caching-only name server to forward DNS queries</li>
<li>Note: Candidates are not expected to configure master or slave name servers</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhce-ftp">
<h3>RHCE: FTP</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Install the packages needed to provide the service</li>
<li>Configure SELinux to support the service</li>
<li>Configure the service to start when the system is booted</li>
<li>Configure the service for basic operation</li>
<li>Configure host-based and user-based security for the service</li>
<li>Configure anonymous-only download</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhce-nfs">
<h3>RHCE: NFS</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Install the packages needed to provide the service</li>
<li>Configure SELinux to support the service</li>
<li>Configure the service to start when the system is booted</li>
<li>Configure the service for basic operation</li>
<li>Configure host-based and user-based security for the service</li>
<li>Provide network shares to specific clients</li>
<li>Provide network shares suitable for group collaboration</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhce-smb">
<h3>RHCE: SMB</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Install the packages needed to provide the service</li>
<li>Configure SELinux to support the service</li>
<li>Configure the service to start when the system is booted</li>
<li>Configure the service for basic operation</li>
<li>Configure host-based and user-based security for the service</li>
<li>Provide network shares to specific clients</li>
<li>Provide network shares suitable for group collaboration</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhce-smtp">
<h3>RHCE: SMTP</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Install the packages needed to provide the service</li>
<li>Configure SELinux to support the service</li>
<li>Configure the service to start when the system is booted</li>
<li>Configure the service for basic operation</li>
<li>Configure host-based and user-based security for the service</li>
<li>Configure a mail transfer agent (MTA) to accept inbound email from other systems</li>
<li>Configure an MTA to forward (relay) email through a smart host</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhce-ssh">
<h3>RHCE: SSH</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Install the packages needed to provide the service</li>
<li>Configure SELinux to support the service</li>
<li>Configure the service to start when the system is booted</li>
<li>Configure the service for basic operation</li>
<li>Configure host-based and user-based security for the service</li>
<li>Configure key-based authentication</li>
<li>Configure additional options described in documentation</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rhce-ntp">
<h3>RHCE: NTP</h3>
<blockquote>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Install the packages needed to provide the service</li>
<li>Configure SELinux to support the service</li>
<li>Configure the service to start when the system is booted</li>
<li>Configure the service for basic operation</li>
<li>Configure host-based and user-based security for the service</li>
<li>Synchronize time using other NTP peers</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="operating-a-system">
<h1>Operating a System</h1>
<div class="section" id="boot-reboot-shutdown">
<h2>Boot, Reboot, Shutdown</h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Power On</li>
<li>GRUB Menu</li>
<li>Display Manager Screen</li>
<li>Gnome or KDE</li>
<li>Terminal commands: shutdown, halt, poweroff, reboot, init</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="runlevels">
<h2>Runlevels</h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Default</li>
<li>From GRUB Menu</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="single-user-mode">
<h2>Single User Mode</h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Password Recovery</li>
</ul>
<p>Note: SELinux bug prevents password changes while set to "Enforcing".</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="exercise-1-2-use-single-user-mode-to-recover-a-root-password">
<h2>Exercise 1-2: Use Single-user mode to recover a root password</h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Reboot your virtual machine</li>
<li>Activate the GRUB Menu</li>
<li>Boot the system in Single User Mode</li>
<li>Set SELinux to Permissive Mode</li>
<li>Change the root password</li>
<li>Set SELinux back to Enforcing Mode</li>
<li>Activate runlevel 5</li>
<li>Login as root with the new password</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="exercise-1-3-boot-into-runlevel-3">
<h2>Exercise 1-3: Boot into runlevel 3</h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Reboot your virtual machines</li>
<li>Activate the GRUB Menu</li>
<li>Boot the system into runlevel 3</li>
<li>Login as root</li>
<li>Transition the system back to runlevel 5</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="log-files">
<h2>Log Files</h2>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/var/log/*</span></tt></p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/root/install.log</span></tt></p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/root/anaconda-ks.cfg</span></tt></p>
<p>View with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cat</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">less</span></tt> or other tools</p>
<p>Search with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">grep</span></tt></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="exercise-1-4-view-logs-from-an-x-term-and-a-virtual-terminal">
<h2>Exercise 1-4: View Logs from an x-term and a virtual terminal</h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li>Launch a gnome-terminal session and browse the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/var/log/messages</span></tt> file.</li>
<li>Switch to a virtual terminal, login as root, and view <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/var/log/secure</span></tt></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="start-stop-virtual-machines">
<h2>Start/Stop Virtual Machines</h2>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Using virt-manager</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Select the desired VM. There are several approaches to these operations in the GUI.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Using virsh commands:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# virsh list --all
# virsh start <VM ID or Name>
# virsh stop <VM ID or Name>
# virsh destroy <VM ID or Name>
</pre>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- -->
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">"stop" requests a graceful shutdown. "destroy" forces a poweroff -- data loss could result.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="virtual-machine-consoles">
<h2>Virtual Machine Consoles</h2>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">virt-manager</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Double-click the Virtual Machine desired.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">virt-viewer</p>
<blockquote>
<pre class="literal-block">
# virt-viewer <VM ID or Name>
</pre>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="virtual-machine-text-console">
<h2>Virtual Machine Text Console</h2>
<p>With libguestfs-tools installed and the VM in question shut-down, from the host:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# virt-edit {VMname} /boot/grub/menu.lst
</pre>
<p>There, append to the kernel line:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
console=tty0 console=ttyS0.
</pre>
<p>After saving, the following commands should allow a console based view of the boot process and a console login:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# virsh start {VMname} ; virsh console {VMname}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="virtual-machine-text-console-caveat">
<h2>Virtual Machine Text Console Caveat</h2>
<blockquote>
After this change, some messages that appear only on the default console will be visible only here. For example, the passphrase prompt to decrypt LUKS-encrypted partitions mounted in /etc/fstab will not be visible when using virt-viewer and the vm will appear to be hung. Only by using virsh console can the passphrase be entered to allow the boot process to continue.</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="section" id="start-stop-and-check-the-status-of-network-services">
<h2>Start, stop, and check the status of network services</h2>
<p>Distinguish between starting a service and configuring it to be persistently on.</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Start services with:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre class="literal-block">
# service <servicename> start
</pre>
<!-- -->
<p>or</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
# /etc/init.d/<servicescript> start
</pre>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Configure services to run on each reboot with:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre class="literal-block">
# chkconfig <servicename> on
</pre>
<!-- -->
<p>or with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ntsysv</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">system-config-services</span></tt></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="exercise-1-5-manipulate-the-cups-service">
<h2>Exercise 1-5: Manipulate the cups service</h2>
<ul>
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt>Check the status of the cups service</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Is it running now?</li>
<li>Is it configured to run on future boots? In which runlevels?</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Stop the cups service.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Start the cups service.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Configure cups to start only on runlevels 3 and 5</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="modify-the-system-bootloader">