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eco
An ontology for experimental and other evidence statements.
experiments
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eco.owl
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eco.obo
Evidence ontology
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obo2owl
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email label github
mgiglio@som.umaryland.edu
Michelle Giglio
mgiglio99
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ECO, the Evidence & Conclusion Ontology: community standard for evidence information.
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Standardized description of scientific evidence using the Evidence Ontology (ECO)
user type description examples
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ECO is used by the GO consortium for evidence on GO associations
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annotations to transmembrane transport
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ECO is used by the Monarch Initiative for evidence types for disease to phenotype annotations.
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ECO logo

The Evidence & Conclusion Ontology (ECO) describes types of scientific evidence within the realm of biological research that can arise from laboratory experiments, computational methods, manual literature curation, and other means. Researchers can use these types of evidence to support assertions about things (such as scientific conclusions, gene annotations, or other statements of fact) that result from scientific research.

ECO comprises two high-level classes, evidence and assertion method, where evidence is defined as “a type of information that is used to support an assertion,” and assertion method is defined as “a means by which a statement is made about an entity.” Together evidence and assertion method can be combined to describe both the support for an assertion and whether that assertion was made by a human being or a computer. However, ECO is not used to make the assertion itself; for that, one would use another ontology, free text description, or some other means.

ECO was originally created around the year 2000 to support gene product annotation by the Gene Ontology, which now displays ECO in AmiGO 2. Today ECO is used by many groups concerned with evidence in scientific research.

For advice on requesting new terms, please see the Evidence & Conclusion Ontology wiki.

For further information visit the Evidence & Conclusion Ontology website.

Please cite the following paper: Giglio M, Tauber R, Nadendla S, Munro J, Olley D, Ball S, Mitraka E, Schriml LM, Gaudet P, Hobbs ET, Erill I, Siegele DA, Hu JC, Mungall C, Chibucos MC. ECO, the Evidence & Conclusion Ontology: community standard for evidence information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019 Jan 8;47(D1):D1186-D1194.

This work is made possible by award number 1458400 from the US National Science Foundation's Division of Biological Infrastructure.