diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngine.java b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngine.java
index c926a5a47191e..5c09708b62cae 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngine.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngine.java
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 import org.apache.lucene.search.SearcherManager;
 import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
 import org.apache.lucene.store.Lock;
+import org.elasticsearch.Assertions;
+import org.elasticsearch.Version;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.Lucene;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.index.ElasticsearchDirectoryReader;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.internal.io.IOUtils;
@@ -98,7 +100,25 @@ public ReadOnlyEngine(EngineConfig config, SeqNoStats seqNoStats, TranslogStats
                 indexWriterLock = obtainLock ? directory.obtainLock(IndexWriter.WRITE_LOCK_NAME) : null;
                 this.lastCommittedSegmentInfos = Lucene.readSegmentInfos(directory);
                 this.translogStats = translogStats == null ? new TranslogStats(0, 0, 0, 0, 0) : translogStats;
-                this.seqNoStats = seqNoStats == null ? buildSeqNoStats(lastCommittedSegmentInfos) : seqNoStats;
+                if (seqNoStats == null) {
+                    seqNoStats = buildSeqNoStats(lastCommittedSegmentInfos);
+                    // During a peer-recovery the global checkpoint is not known and up to date when the engine
+                    // is created, so we only check the max seq no / global checkpoint coherency when the global
+                    // checkpoint is different from the unassigned sequence number value.
+                    // In addition to that we only execute the check if the index the engine belongs to has been
+                    // created after the refactoring of the Close Index API and its TransportVerifyShardBeforeCloseAction
+                    // that guarantee that all operations have been flushed to Lucene.
+                    final long globalCheckpoint = engineConfig.getGlobalCheckpointSupplier().getAsLong();
+                    if (globalCheckpoint != SequenceNumbers.UNASSIGNED_SEQ_NO
+                        && engineConfig.getIndexSettings().getIndexVersionCreated().onOrAfter(Version.V_6_7_0)) {
+                        if (seqNoStats.getMaxSeqNo() != globalCheckpoint) {
+                            assertMaxSeqNoEqualsToGlobalCheckpoint(seqNoStats.getMaxSeqNo(), globalCheckpoint);
+                            throw new IllegalStateException("Maximum sequence number [" + seqNoStats.getMaxSeqNo()
+                                + "] from last commit does not match global checkpoint [" + globalCheckpoint + "]");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                this.seqNoStats = seqNoStats;
                 this.indexCommit = Lucene.getIndexCommit(lastCommittedSegmentInfos, directory);
                 reader = open(indexCommit);
                 reader = wrapReader(reader, readerWrapperFunction);
@@ -116,6 +136,12 @@ public ReadOnlyEngine(EngineConfig config, SeqNoStats seqNoStats, TranslogStats
         }
     }
 
+    protected void assertMaxSeqNoEqualsToGlobalCheckpoint(final long maxSeqNo, final long globalCheckpoint) {
+        if (Assertions.ENABLED) {
+            assert false : "max seq. no. [" + maxSeqNo + "] does not match [" + globalCheckpoint + "]";
+        }
+    }
+
     protected final DirectoryReader wrapReader(DirectoryReader reader,
                                                     Function<DirectoryReader, DirectoryReader> readerWrapperFunction) throws IOException {
         reader = ElasticsearchDirectoryReader.wrap(reader, engineConfig.getShardId());
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngineTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngineTests.java
index 89f89ae69a4ef..b77d6b9664acf 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngineTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngineTests.java
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public void testReadOnlyEngine() throws Exception {
                 lastDocIds = getDocIds(engine, true);
                 assertThat(readOnlyEngine.getLocalCheckpoint(), equalTo(lastSeqNoStats.getLocalCheckpoint()));
                 assertThat(readOnlyEngine.getSeqNoStats(globalCheckpoint.get()).getMaxSeqNo(), equalTo(lastSeqNoStats.getMaxSeqNo()));
-                    assertThat(getDocIds(readOnlyEngine, false), equalTo(lastDocIds));
+                assertThat(getDocIds(readOnlyEngine, false), equalTo(lastDocIds));
                 for (int i = 0; i < numDocs; i++) {
                     if (randomBoolean()) {
                         String delId = Integer.toString(i);
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public void testFlushes() throws IOException {
                     if (rarely()) {
                         engine.flush();
                     }
-                    globalCheckpoint.set(randomLongBetween(globalCheckpoint.get(), engine.getLocalCheckpoint()));
+                    globalCheckpoint.set(i);
                 }
                 engine.syncTranslog();
                 engine.flushAndClose();
@@ -139,6 +139,40 @@ public void testFlushes() throws IOException {
         }
     }
 
+    public void testEnsureMaxSeqNoIsEqualToGlobalCheckpoint() throws IOException {
+        IOUtils.close(engine, store);
+        Engine readOnlyEngine = null;
+        final AtomicLong globalCheckpoint = new AtomicLong(SequenceNumbers.NO_OPS_PERFORMED);
+        try (Store store = createStore()) {
+            EngineConfig config = config(defaultSettings, store, createTempDir(), newMergePolicy(), null, null, globalCheckpoint::get);
+            final int numDocs = scaledRandomIntBetween(10, 100);
+            try (InternalEngine engine = createEngine(config)) {
+                long maxSeqNo = SequenceNumbers.NO_OPS_PERFORMED;
+                for (int i = 0; i < numDocs; i++) {
+                    ParsedDocument doc = testParsedDocument(Integer.toString(i), null, testDocument(), new BytesArray("{}"), null);
+                    engine.index(new Engine.Index(newUid(doc), doc, i, primaryTerm.get(), 1, null, Engine.Operation.Origin.REPLICA,
+                        System.nanoTime(), -1, false, SequenceNumbers.UNASSIGNED_SEQ_NO, 0));
+                    maxSeqNo = engine.getLocalCheckpoint();
+                }
+                globalCheckpoint.set(engine.getLocalCheckpoint() - 1);
+                engine.syncTranslog();
+                engine.flushAndClose();
+
+                IllegalStateException exception = expectThrows(IllegalStateException.class,
+                    () -> new ReadOnlyEngine(engine.engineConfig, null, null, true, Function.identity()) {
+                        @Override
+                        protected void assertMaxSeqNoEqualsToGlobalCheckpoint(final long maxSeqNo, final long globalCheckpoint) {
+                            // we don't want the assertion to trip in this test
+                        }
+                    });
+                assertThat(exception.getMessage(), equalTo("Maximum sequence number [" + maxSeqNo
+                    + "] from last commit does not match global checkpoint [" + globalCheckpoint.get() + "]"));
+            } finally {
+                IOUtils.close(readOnlyEngine);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     public void testReadOnly() throws IOException {
         IOUtils.close(engine, store);
         final AtomicLong globalCheckpoint = new AtomicLong(SequenceNumbers.NO_OPS_PERFORMED);