diff --git a/src/librustc/arena.rs b/src/librustc/arena.rs
index 5a5919d786638..3daf0fc9df7a0 100644
--- a/src/librustc/arena.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/arena.rs
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ macro_rules! arena_types {
                 rustc::hir::def_id::DefId,
             >,
             [few] resolve_lifetimes: rustc::middle::resolve_lifetime::ResolveLifetimes,
-            [decode] generic_predicates: rustc::ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>,
             [few] lint_levels: rustc::lint::LintLevelMap,
             [few] stability_index: rustc::middle::stability::Index<'tcx>,
             [few] features: syntax::feature_gate::Features,
diff --git a/src/librustc/query/mod.rs b/src/librustc/query/mod.rs
index 2a012c5274191..2c407a24493ff 100644
--- a/src/librustc/query/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/query/mod.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ rustc_queries! {
         /// predicate gets in the way of some checks, which are intended
         /// to operate over only the actual where-clauses written by the
         /// user.)
-        query predicates_of(key: DefId) -> &'tcx ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
+        query predicates_of(key: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
             cache_on_disk_if { key.is_local() }
         }
 
@@ -184,12 +184,10 @@ rustc_queries! {
         /// predicates (where-clauses) directly defined on it. This is
         /// equal to the `explicit_predicates_of` predicates plus the
         /// `inferred_outlives_of` predicates.
-        query predicates_defined_on(_: DefId)
-            -> &'tcx ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {}
+        query predicates_defined_on(_: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {}
 
         /// Returns the predicates written explicitly by the user.
-        query explicit_predicates_of(_: DefId)
-            -> &'tcx ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {}
+        query explicit_predicates_of(_: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {}
 
         /// Returns the inferred outlives predicates (e.g., for `struct
         /// Foo<'a, T> { x: &'a T }`, this would return `T: 'a`).
@@ -201,14 +199,13 @@ rustc_queries! {
         /// evaluate them even during type conversion, often before the
         /// full predicates are available (note that supertraits have
         /// additional acyclicity requirements).
-        query super_predicates_of(key: DefId) -> &'tcx ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
+        query super_predicates_of(key: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
             desc { |tcx| "computing the supertraits of `{}`", tcx.def_path_str(key) }
         }
 
         /// To avoid cycles within the predicates of a single item we compute
         /// per-type-parameter predicates for resolving `T::AssocTy`.
-        query type_param_predicates(key: (DefId, DefId))
-            -> &'tcx ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
+        query type_param_predicates(key: (DefId, DefId)) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
             no_force
             desc { |tcx| "computing the bounds for type parameter `{}`", {
                 let id = tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(key.1).unwrap();
diff --git a/src/librustc/traits/specialize/mod.rs b/src/librustc/traits/specialize/mod.rs
index 9c80ef7d4a23e..c1c6eb850f591 100644
--- a/src/librustc/traits/specialize/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/traits/specialize/mod.rs
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ fn to_pretty_impl_header(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, impl_def_id: DefId) -> Option<String>
 
     // The predicates will contain default bounds like `T: Sized`. We need to
     // remove these bounds, and add `T: ?Sized` to any untouched type parameters.
-    let predicates = &tcx.predicates_of(impl_def_id).predicates;
+    let predicates = tcx.predicates_of(impl_def_id).predicates;
     let mut pretty_predicates = Vec::with_capacity(
         predicates.len() + types_without_default_bounds.len());
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/codec.rs b/src/librustc/ty/codec.rs
index bd4913c88fd1f..03cb4775bd83f 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/codec.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/codec.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::intrinsics;
 use crate::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
 use crate::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
 use crate::mir::interpret::Allocation;
+use syntax_pos::Span;
 
 /// The shorthand encoding uses an enum's variant index `usize`
 /// and is offset by this value so it never matches a real variant.
@@ -92,16 +93,16 @@ pub fn encode_with_shorthand<E, T, M>(encoder: &mut E,
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub fn encode_predicates<'tcx, E, C>(encoder: &mut E,
-                                     predicates: &ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>,
-                                     cache: C)
-                                     -> Result<(), E::Error>
+pub fn encode_spanned_predicates<'tcx, E, C>(
+    encoder: &mut E,
+    predicates: &'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)],
+    cache: C,
+) -> Result<(), E::Error>
     where E: TyEncoder,
           C: for<'b> Fn(&'b mut E) -> &'b mut FxHashMap<ty::Predicate<'tcx>, usize>,
 {
-    predicates.parent.encode(encoder)?;
-    predicates.predicates.len().encode(encoder)?;
-    for (predicate, span) in &predicates.predicates {
+    predicates.len().encode(encoder)?;
+    for (predicate, span) in predicates {
         encode_with_shorthand(encoder, predicate, &cache)?;
         span.encode(encoder)?;
     }
@@ -182,13 +183,15 @@ where
 }
 
 #[inline]
-pub fn decode_predicates<D>(decoder: &mut D) -> Result<ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>, D::Error>
+pub fn decode_spanned_predicates<D>(
+    decoder: &mut D,
+) -> Result<&'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)], D::Error>
 where
     D: TyDecoder<'tcx>,
 {
-    Ok(ty::GenericPredicates {
-        parent: Decodable::decode(decoder)?,
-        predicates: (0..decoder.read_usize()?).map(|_| {
+    let tcx = decoder.tcx();
+    Ok(tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(
+        (0..decoder.read_usize()?).map(|_| {
             // Handle shorthands first, if we have an usize > 0x80.
             let predicate = if decoder.positioned_at_shorthand() {
                 let pos = decoder.read_usize()?;
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ where
             Ok((predicate, Decodable::decode(decoder)?))
         })
         .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
-    })
+    ))
 }
 
 #[inline]
@@ -339,6 +342,8 @@ macro_rules! implement_ty_decoder {
             use $crate::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
             use $crate::hir::def_id::{CrateNum};
 
+            use syntax_pos::Span;
+
             use super::$DecoderName;
 
             impl<$($typaram ),*> Decoder for $DecoderName<$($typaram),*> {
@@ -393,11 +398,11 @@ macro_rules! implement_ty_decoder {
                 }
             }
 
-            impl<$($typaram),*> SpecializedDecoder<ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>>
+            impl<$($typaram),*> SpecializedDecoder<&'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)]>
             for $DecoderName<$($typaram),*> {
                 fn specialized_decode(&mut self)
-                                      -> Result<ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>, Self::Error> {
-                    decode_predicates(self)
+                                      -> Result<&'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)], Self::Error> {
+                    decode_spanned_predicates(self)
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/context.rs b/src/librustc/ty/context.rs
index 256194cfb00ef..665d4c2d0696a 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/context.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/context.rs
@@ -148,10 +148,6 @@ impl<'tcx> CtxtInterners<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct Common<'tcx> {
-    pub empty_predicates: ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>,
-}
-
 pub struct CommonTypes<'tcx> {
     pub unit: Ty<'tcx>,
     pub bool: Ty<'tcx>,
@@ -1039,9 +1035,6 @@ pub struct GlobalCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     pub prof: SelfProfilerRef,
 
-    /// Common objects.
-    pub common: Common<'tcx>,
-
     /// Common types, pre-interned for your convenience.
     pub types: CommonTypes<'tcx>,
 
@@ -1213,12 +1206,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             s.fatal(&err);
         });
         let interners = CtxtInterners::new(&arenas.interner);
-        let common = Common {
-            empty_predicates: ty::GenericPredicates {
-                parent: None,
-                predicates: vec![],
-            },
-        };
         let common_types = CommonTypes::new(&interners);
         let common_lifetimes = CommonLifetimes::new(&interners);
         let common_consts = CommonConsts::new(&interners, &common_types);
@@ -1273,7 +1260,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
             interners,
             dep_graph,
             prof: s.prof.clone(),
-            common,
             types: common_types,
             lifetimes: common_lifetimes,
             consts: common_consts,
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/mod.rs b/src/librustc/ty/mod.rs
index 045b7cad1b1b9..d46ab3769ad55 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/mod.rs
@@ -1018,15 +1018,12 @@ impl<'tcx> Generics {
 }
 
 /// Bounds on generics.
-#[derive(Clone, Default, Debug, HashStable)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Default, Debug, RustcEncodable, RustcDecodable, HashStable)]
 pub struct GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
     pub parent: Option<DefId>,
-    pub predicates: Vec<(Predicate<'tcx>, Span)>,
+    pub predicates: &'tcx [(Predicate<'tcx>, Span)],
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> rustc_serialize::UseSpecializedEncodable for GenericPredicates<'tcx> {}
-impl<'tcx> rustc_serialize::UseSpecializedDecodable for GenericPredicates<'tcx> {}
-
 impl<'tcx> GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
     pub fn instantiate(
         &self,
@@ -2321,7 +2318,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AdtDef {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn predicates(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> &'tcx GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
+    pub fn predicates(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
         tcx.predicates_of(self.did)
     }
 
@@ -2561,7 +2558,7 @@ impl<'tcx> AdtDef {
                     def_id: sized_trait,
                     substs: tcx.mk_substs_trait(ty, &[])
                 }).to_predicate();
-                let predicates = &tcx.predicates_of(self.did).predicates;
+                let predicates = tcx.predicates_of(self.did).predicates;
                 if predicates.iter().any(|(p, _)| *p == sized_predicate) {
                     vec![]
                 } else {
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/query/on_disk_cache.rs b/src/librustc/ty/query/on_disk_cache.rs
index 1bba7fdd863ea..21a7cf00b283f 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/query/on_disk_cache.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/query/on_disk_cache.rs
@@ -882,15 +882,16 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, 'tcx, E> SpecializedEncoder<ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>> for CacheEncoder<'a, 'tcx, E>
+impl<'a, 'tcx, E> SpecializedEncoder<&'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)]>
+    for CacheEncoder<'a, 'tcx, E>
 where
     E: 'a + TyEncoder,
 {
     #[inline]
     fn specialized_encode(&mut self,
-                          predicates: &ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>)
+                          predicates: &&'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)])
                           -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        ty_codec::encode_predicates(self, predicates,
+        ty_codec::encode_spanned_predicates(self, predicates,
             |encoder| &mut encoder.predicate_shorthands)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/librustc/ty/structural_impls.rs b/src/librustc/ty/structural_impls.rs
index 8945e1a1debdb..83ec98f9ddd2f 100644
--- a/src/librustc/ty/structural_impls.rs
+++ b/src/librustc/ty/structural_impls.rs
@@ -1218,12 +1218,6 @@ EnumTypeFoldableImpl! {
     }
 }
 
-BraceStructTypeFoldableImpl! {
-    impl<'tcx> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
-        parent, predicates
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'tcx> TypeFoldable<'tcx> for &'tcx ty::List<ty::Predicate<'tcx>> {
     fn super_fold_with<F: TypeFolder<'tcx>>(&self, folder: &mut F) -> Self {
         // This code is hot enough that it's worth specializing for a list of
diff --git a/src/librustc_lint/builtin.rs b/src/librustc_lint/builtin.rs
index 9a16d0a0715f7..08f6f43ab0cff 100644
--- a/src/librustc_lint/builtin.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_lint/builtin.rs
@@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LateLintPass<'a, 'tcx> for TrivialConstraints {
         if cx.tcx.features().trivial_bounds {
             let def_id = cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id(item.hir_id);
             let predicates = cx.tcx.predicates_of(def_id);
-            for &(predicate, span) in &predicates.predicates {
+            for &(predicate, span) in predicates.predicates {
                 let predicate_kind_name = match predicate {
                     Trait(..) => "Trait",
                     TypeOutlives(..) |
diff --git a/src/librustc_lint/unused.rs b/src/librustc_lint/unused.rs
index 3b3995832cb4c..a93946df68f92 100644
--- a/src/librustc_lint/unused.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_lint/unused.rs
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LateLintPass<'a, 'tcx> for UnusedResults {
                 }
                 ty::Opaque(def, _) => {
                     let mut has_emitted = false;
-                    for (predicate, _) in &cx.tcx.predicates_of(def).predicates {
+                    for (predicate, _) in cx.tcx.predicates_of(def).predicates {
                         if let ty::Predicate::Trait(ref poly_trait_predicate) = predicate {
                             let trait_ref = poly_trait_predicate.skip_binder().trait_ref;
                             let def_id = trait_ref.def_id;
diff --git a/src/librustc_metadata/cstore_impl.rs b/src/librustc_metadata/cstore_impl.rs
index fd011265da7cb..4cd1ff7b4a4ff 100644
--- a/src/librustc_metadata/cstore_impl.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_metadata/cstore_impl.rs
@@ -97,11 +97,9 @@ provide! { <'tcx> tcx, def_id, other, cdata,
     generics_of => {
         tcx.arena.alloc(cdata.get_generics(def_id.index, tcx.sess))
     }
-    predicates_of => { tcx.arena.alloc(cdata.get_predicates(def_id.index, tcx)) }
-    predicates_defined_on => {
-        tcx.arena.alloc(cdata.get_predicates_defined_on(def_id.index, tcx))
-    }
-    super_predicates_of => { tcx.arena.alloc(cdata.get_super_predicates(def_id.index, tcx)) }
+    predicates_of => { cdata.get_predicates(def_id.index, tcx) }
+    predicates_defined_on => { cdata.get_predicates_defined_on(def_id.index, tcx) }
+    super_predicates_of => { cdata.get_super_predicates(def_id.index, tcx) }
     trait_def => {
         tcx.arena.alloc(cdata.get_trait_def(def_id.index, tcx.sess))
     }
diff --git a/src/librustc_metadata/encoder.rs b/src/librustc_metadata/encoder.rs
index aef7e6d08b5e4..6ae8c2fc6c694 100644
--- a/src/librustc_metadata/encoder.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_metadata/encoder.rs
@@ -243,11 +243,11 @@ impl<'tcx> SpecializedEncoder<interpret::AllocId> for EncodeContext<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'tcx> SpecializedEncoder<ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>> for EncodeContext<'tcx> {
+impl<'tcx> SpecializedEncoder<&'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)]> for EncodeContext<'tcx> {
     fn specialized_encode(&mut self,
-                          predicates: &ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>)
+                          predicates: &&'tcx [(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)])
                           -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        ty_codec::encode_predicates(self, predicates, |ecx| &mut ecx.predicate_shorthands)
+        ty_codec::encode_spanned_predicates(self, predicates, |ecx| &mut ecx.predicate_shorthands)
     }
 }
 
@@ -826,13 +826,13 @@ impl EncodeContext<'tcx> {
 
     fn encode_predicates(&mut self, def_id: DefId) {
         debug!("EncodeContext::encode_predicates({:?})", def_id);
-        record!(self.per_def.predicates[def_id] <- &*self.tcx.predicates_of(def_id));
+        record!(self.per_def.predicates[def_id] <- self.tcx.predicates_of(def_id));
     }
 
     fn encode_predicates_defined_on(&mut self, def_id: DefId) {
         debug!("EncodeContext::encode_predicates_defined_on({:?})", def_id);
         record!(self.per_def.predicates_defined_on[def_id] <-
-            &*self.tcx.predicates_defined_on(def_id))
+            self.tcx.predicates_defined_on(def_id))
     }
 
     fn encode_info_for_trait_item(&mut self, def_id: DefId) {
@@ -1166,14 +1166,14 @@ impl EncodeContext<'tcx> {
                     paren_sugar: trait_def.paren_sugar,
                     has_auto_impl: self.tcx.trait_is_auto(def_id),
                     is_marker: trait_def.is_marker,
-                    super_predicates: self.lazy(&*tcx.super_predicates_of(def_id)),
+                    super_predicates: self.lazy(tcx.super_predicates_of(def_id)),
                 };
 
                 EntryKind::Trait(self.lazy(data))
             }
             hir::ItemKind::TraitAlias(..) => {
                 let data = TraitAliasData {
-                    super_predicates: self.lazy(&*tcx.super_predicates_of(def_id)),
+                    super_predicates: self.lazy(tcx.super_predicates_of(def_id)),
                 };
 
                 EntryKind::TraitAlias(self.lazy(data))
diff --git a/src/librustc_mir/transform/qualify_min_const_fn.rs b/src/librustc_mir/transform/qualify_min_const_fn.rs
index cf0ee1bf09222..7b6255defd148 100644
--- a/src/librustc_mir/transform/qualify_min_const_fn.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_mir/transform/qualify_min_const_fn.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub fn is_min_const_fn(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: DefId, body: &'a Body<'tcx>) -
     let mut current = def_id;
     loop {
         let predicates = tcx.predicates_of(current);
-        for (predicate, _) in &predicates.predicates {
+        for (predicate, _) in predicates.predicates {
             match predicate {
                 | Predicate::RegionOutlives(_)
                 | Predicate::TypeOutlives(_)
diff --git a/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs b/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs
index f44692b7aea7d..eb79ce69a3e1f 100644
--- a/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_privacy/lib.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ trait DefIdVisitor<'tcx> {
     fn visit_trait(&mut self, trait_ref: TraitRef<'tcx>) -> bool {
         self.skeleton().visit_trait(trait_ref)
     }
-    fn visit_predicates(&mut self, predicates: &ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>) -> bool {
+    fn visit_predicates(&mut self, predicates: ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>) -> bool {
         self.skeleton().visit_predicates(predicates)
     }
 }
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ where
         (!self.def_id_visitor.shallow() && substs.visit_with(self))
     }
 
-    fn visit_predicates(&mut self, predicates: &ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>) -> bool {
+    fn visit_predicates(&mut self, predicates: ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>) -> bool {
         let ty::GenericPredicates { parent: _, predicates } = predicates;
         for (predicate, _span) in predicates {
             match predicate {
diff --git a/src/librustc_traits/lowering/mod.rs b/src/librustc_traits/lowering/mod.rs
index 4c30227150fb1..0df367fcca83c 100644
--- a/src/librustc_traits/lowering/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_traits/lowering/mod.rs
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ fn program_clauses_for_trait(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> Clauses<'_> {
 
     let implemented_from_env = Clause::ForAll(ty::Binder::bind(implemented_from_env));
 
-    let predicates = &tcx.predicates_defined_on(def_id).predicates;
+    let predicates = tcx.predicates_defined_on(def_id).predicates;
 
     // Warning: these where clauses are not substituted for bound vars yet,
     // so that we don't need to adjust binders in the `FromEnv` rules below
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ fn program_clauses_for_impl(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def_id: DefId) -> Clauses<'tcx> {
     let trait_pred = ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref }.lower();
 
     // `WC`
-    let predicates = &tcx.predicates_of(def_id).predicates;
+    let predicates = tcx.predicates_of(def_id).predicates;
     let where_clauses = predicates
         .iter()
         .map(|(wc, _)| wc.lower())
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
index b8e2700803a5d..7e0a9bc4011c0 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/astconv.rs
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ pub trait AstConv<'tcx> {
     /// but this can lead to cycle errors. The problem is that we have
     /// to do this resolution *in order to create the predicates in
     /// the first place*. Hence, we have this "special pass".
-    fn get_type_parameter_bounds(&self, span: Span, def_id: DefId)
-                                 -> &'tcx ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>;
+    fn get_type_parameter_bounds(&self, span: Span, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>;
 
     /// Returns the lifetime to use when a lifetime is omitted (and not elided).
     fn re_infer(
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs
index d46ac4a39a337..0c8df9bad448f 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/dropck.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ pub fn check_drop_impl(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, drop_impl_did: DefId) -> Result<(), Erro
             ensure_drop_predicates_are_implied_by_item_defn(
                 tcx,
                 drop_impl_did,
-                &dtor_predicates,
+                dtor_predicates,
                 adt_def.did,
                 self_to_impl_substs,
             )
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ fn ensure_drop_params_and_item_params_correspond<'tcx>(
 fn ensure_drop_predicates_are_implied_by_item_defn<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
     drop_impl_did: DefId,
-    dtor_predicates: &ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>,
+    dtor_predicates: ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>,
     self_type_did: DefId,
     self_to_impl_substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>,
 ) -> Result<(), ErrorReported> {
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ fn ensure_drop_predicates_are_implied_by_item_defn<'tcx>(
     // just to look for all the predicates directly.
 
     assert_eq!(dtor_predicates.parent, None);
-    for (predicate, _) in &dtor_predicates.predicates {
+    for (predicate, _) in dtor_predicates.predicates {
         // (We do not need to worry about deep analysis of type
         // expressions etc because the Drop impls are already forced
         // to take on a structure that is roughly an alpha-renaming of
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
index 7475b9cc3b327..152edf8dd0e5a 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs
@@ -2245,19 +2245,17 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> AstConv<'tcx> for FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn get_type_parameter_bounds(&self, _: Span, def_id: DefId)
-                                 -> &'tcx ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>
-    {
+    fn get_type_parameter_bounds(&self, _: Span, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
         let tcx = self.tcx;
         let hir_id = tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(def_id).unwrap();
         let item_id = tcx.hir().ty_param_owner(hir_id);
         let item_def_id = tcx.hir().local_def_id(item_id);
         let generics = tcx.generics_of(item_def_id);
         let index = generics.param_def_id_to_index[&def_id];
-        tcx.arena.alloc(ty::GenericPredicates {
+        ty::GenericPredicates {
             parent: None,
-            predicates: self.param_env.caller_bounds.iter().filter_map(|&predicate| {
-                match predicate {
+            predicates: tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(
+                self.param_env.caller_bounds.iter().filter_map(|&predicate| match predicate {
                     ty::Predicate::Trait(ref data)
                     if data.skip_binder().self_ty().is_param(index) => {
                         // HACK(eddyb) should get the original `Span`.
@@ -2265,9 +2263,9 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> AstConv<'tcx> for FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
                         Some((predicate, span))
                     }
                     _ => None
-                }
-            }).collect()
-        })
+                }),
+            ),
+        }
     }
 
     fn re_infer(
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs
index fa283904fe474..18b103960c745 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/check/wfcheck.rs
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ fn check_opaque_types<'fcx, 'tcx>(
                         "check_opaque_types: may define, predicates={:#?}",
                         predicates,
                     );
-                    for &(pred, _) in predicates.predicates.iter() {
+                    for &(pred, _) in predicates.predicates {
                         let substituted_pred = pred.subst(fcx.tcx, substs);
                         // Avoid duplication of predicates that contain no parameters, for example.
                         if !predicates.predicates.iter().any(|&(p, _)| p == substituted_pred) {
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ fn check_variances_for_type_defn<'tcx>(
 
     identify_constrained_generic_params(
         tcx,
-        &ty_predicates,
+        ty_predicates,
         None,
         &mut constrained_parameters,
     );
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
index 5b2081bef78dc..1749fd1075e05 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/collect.rs
@@ -182,8 +182,7 @@ impl AstConv<'tcx> for ItemCtxt<'tcx> {
         self.tcx
     }
 
-    fn get_type_parameter_bounds(&self, span: Span, def_id: DefId)
-                                 -> &'tcx ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
+    fn get_type_parameter_bounds(&self, span: Span, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx> {
         self.tcx
             .at(span)
             .type_param_predicates((self.item_def_id, def_id))
@@ -254,7 +253,7 @@ impl AstConv<'tcx> for ItemCtxt<'tcx> {
 fn type_param_predicates(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     (item_def_id, def_id): (DefId, DefId),
-) -> &ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
+) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
     use rustc::hir::*;
 
     // In the AST, bounds can derive from two places. Either
@@ -275,10 +274,10 @@ fn type_param_predicates(
         tcx.generics_of(item_def_id).parent
     };
 
-    let result = parent.map_or(&tcx.common.empty_predicates, |parent| {
+    let mut result = parent.map(|parent| {
         let icx = ItemCtxt::new(tcx, parent);
         icx.get_type_parameter_bounds(DUMMY_SP, def_id)
-    });
+    }).unwrap_or_default();
     let mut extend = None;
 
     let item_hir_id = tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(item_def_id).unwrap();
@@ -321,9 +320,7 @@ fn type_param_predicates(
     };
 
     let icx = ItemCtxt::new(tcx, item_def_id);
-    let mut result = (*result).clone();
-    result.predicates.extend(extend.into_iter());
-    result.predicates.extend(
+    let extra_predicates = extend.into_iter().chain(
         icx.type_parameter_bounds_in_generics(ast_generics, param_id, ty, OnlySelfBounds(true))
             .into_iter()
             .filter(|(predicate, _)| {
@@ -331,9 +328,12 @@ fn type_param_predicates(
                     ty::Predicate::Trait(ref data) => data.skip_binder().self_ty().is_param(index),
                     _ => false,
                 }
-            })
+            }),
+    );
+    result.predicates = tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(
+        result.predicates.iter().copied().chain(extra_predicates),
     );
-    tcx.arena.alloc(result)
+    result
 }
 
 impl ItemCtxt<'tcx> {
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ fn adt_def(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ty::AdtDef {
 fn super_predicates_of(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     trait_def_id: DefId,
-) -> &ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
+) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
     debug!("super_predicates(trait_def_id={:?})", trait_def_id);
     let trait_hir_id = tcx.hir().as_local_hir_id(trait_def_id).unwrap();
 
@@ -732,21 +732,23 @@ fn super_predicates_of(
         generics, item.hir_id, self_param_ty, OnlySelfBounds(!is_trait_alias));
 
     // Combine the two lists to form the complete set of superbounds:
-    let superbounds: Vec<_> = superbounds1.into_iter().chain(superbounds2).collect();
+    let superbounds = &*tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(
+        superbounds1.into_iter().chain(superbounds2)
+    );
 
     // Now require that immediate supertraits are converted,
     // which will, in turn, reach indirect supertraits.
-    for &(pred, span) in &superbounds {
+    for &(pred, span) in superbounds {
         debug!("superbound: {:?}", pred);
         if let ty::Predicate::Trait(bound) = pred {
             tcx.at(span).super_predicates_of(bound.def_id());
         }
     }
 
-    tcx.arena.alloc(ty::GenericPredicates {
+    ty::GenericPredicates {
         parent: None,
         predicates: superbounds,
-    })
+    }
 }
 
 fn trait_def(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ty::TraitDef {
@@ -1958,7 +1960,7 @@ fn early_bound_lifetimes_from_generics<'a, 'tcx: 'a>(
 fn predicates_defined_on(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     def_id: DefId,
-) -> &ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
+) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
     debug!("predicates_defined_on({:?})", def_id);
     let mut result = tcx.explicit_predicates_of(def_id);
     debug!(
@@ -1974,9 +1976,13 @@ fn predicates_defined_on(
             def_id,
             inferred_outlives,
         );
-        let mut predicates = (*result).clone();
-        predicates.predicates.extend(inferred_outlives.iter().map(|&p| (p, span)));
-        result = tcx.arena.alloc(predicates);
+        result.predicates = tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(
+            result.predicates.iter().copied().chain(
+                // FIXME(eddyb) use better spans - maybe add `Span`s
+                // to `inferred_outlives_of` predicates as well?
+                inferred_outlives.iter().map(|&p| (p, span)),
+            ),
+        );
     }
     debug!("predicates_defined_on({:?}) = {:?}", def_id, result);
     result
@@ -1985,7 +1991,7 @@ fn predicates_defined_on(
 /// Returns a list of all type predicates (explicit and implicit) for the definition with
 /// ID `def_id`. This includes all predicates returned by `predicates_defined_on`, plus
 /// `Self: Trait` predicates for traits.
-fn predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
+fn predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
     let mut result = tcx.predicates_defined_on(def_id);
 
     if tcx.is_trait(def_id) {
@@ -2002,9 +2008,11 @@ fn predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
         // used, and adding the predicate into this list ensures
         // that this is done.
         let span = tcx.def_span(def_id);
-        let mut predicates = (*result).clone();
-        predicates.predicates.push((ty::TraitRef::identity(tcx, def_id).to_predicate(), span));
-        result = tcx.arena.alloc(predicates);
+        result.predicates = tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(
+            result.predicates.iter().copied().chain(
+                std::iter::once((ty::TraitRef::identity(tcx, def_id).to_predicate(), span))
+            ),
+        );
     }
     debug!("predicates_of(def_id={:?}) = {:?}", def_id, result);
     result
@@ -2015,7 +2023,7 @@ fn predicates_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> &ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
 fn explicit_predicates_of(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     def_id: DefId,
-) -> &ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
+) -> ty::GenericPredicates<'_> {
     use rustc::hir::*;
     use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 
@@ -2024,6 +2032,7 @@ fn explicit_predicates_of(
     /// A data structure with unique elements, which preserves order of insertion.
     /// Preserving the order of insertion is important here so as not to break
     /// compile-fail UI tests.
+    // FIXME(eddyb) just use `IndexSet` from `indexmap`.
     struct UniquePredicates<'tcx> {
         predicates: Vec<(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)>,
         uniques: FxHashSet<(ty::Predicate<'tcx>, Span)>,
@@ -2133,10 +2142,10 @@ fn explicit_predicates_of(
                     let bounds_predicates = bounds.predicates(tcx, opaque_ty);
                     if impl_trait_fn.is_some() {
                         // opaque types
-                        return tcx.arena.alloc(ty::GenericPredicates {
+                        return ty::GenericPredicates {
                             parent: None,
-                            predicates: bounds_predicates,
-                        });
+                            predicates: tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(bounds_predicates),
+                        };
                     } else {
                         // named opaque types
                         predicates.extend(bounds_predicates);
@@ -2339,10 +2348,10 @@ fn explicit_predicates_of(
         );
     }
 
-    let result = tcx.arena.alloc(ty::GenericPredicates {
+    let result = ty::GenericPredicates {
         parent: generics.parent,
-        predicates,
-    });
+        predicates: tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(predicates),
+    };
     debug!("explicit_predicates_of(def_id={:?}) = {:?}", def_id, result);
     result
 }
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/constrained_generic_params.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/constrained_generic_params.rs
index 31476eb731798..1fdf49fde55b5 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/constrained_generic_params.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/constrained_generic_params.rs
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitor<'tcx> for ParameterCollector {
 
 pub fn identify_constrained_generic_params<'tcx>(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
-    predicates: &ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>,
+    predicates: ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>,
     impl_trait_ref: Option<ty::TraitRef<'tcx>>,
     input_parameters: &mut FxHashSet<Parameter>,
 ) {
-    let mut predicates = predicates.predicates.clone();
+    let mut predicates = predicates.predicates.to_vec();
     setup_constraining_predicates(tcx, &mut predicates, impl_trait_ref, input_parameters);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check.rs
index ab660caa222ae..2d188007712ad 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/impl_wf_check.rs
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ fn enforce_impl_params_are_constrained(
 
     let mut input_parameters = cgp::parameters_for_impl(impl_self_ty, impl_trait_ref);
     cgp::identify_constrained_generic_params(
-        tcx, &impl_predicates, impl_trait_ref, &mut input_parameters);
+        tcx, impl_predicates, impl_trait_ref, &mut input_parameters);
 
     // Disallow unconstrained lifetimes, but only if they appear in assoc types.
     let lifetimes_in_associated_types: FxHashSet<_> = impl_item_refs.iter()
diff --git a/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/explicit.rs b/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/explicit.rs
index 40a57788c0710..83194144216ee 100644
--- a/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/explicit.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_typeck/outlives/explicit.rs
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ impl<'tcx> ExplicitPredicatesMap<'tcx> {
             let mut required_predicates = RequiredPredicates::default();
 
             // process predicates and convert to `RequiredPredicates` entry, see below
-            for (pred, _) in predicates.predicates.iter() {
+            for (pred, _) in predicates.predicates {
                 match pred {
                     ty::Predicate::TypeOutlives(predicate) => {
                         let OutlivesPredicate(ref ty, ref reg) = predicate.skip_binder();
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/auto_trait.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/auto_trait.rs
index 18a84cd0eeb76..b7f5ed9d004d4 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/auto_trait.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/auto_trait.rs
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> AutoTraitFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
                     // regardless of the choice of `T`.
                     let params = (
                         self.cx.tcx.generics_of(param_env_def_id),
-                        &&self.cx.tcx.common.empty_predicates,
+                        ty::GenericPredicates::default(),
                     ).clean(self.cx).params;
 
                     Generics {
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> AutoTraitFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let mut generic_params = (
             tcx.generics_of(param_env_def_id),
-            &tcx.explicit_predicates_of(param_env_def_id),
+            tcx.explicit_predicates_of(param_env_def_id),
         ).clean(self.cx).params;
 
         let mut has_sized = FxHashSet::default();
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/blanket_impl.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/blanket_impl.rs
index afed11e7fab26..ff59dcab672f3 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/blanket_impl.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/blanket_impl.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> BlanketImplFinder<'a, 'tcx> {
                         unsafety: hir::Unsafety::Normal,
                         generics: (
                             self.cx.tcx.generics_of(impl_def_id),
-                            &self.cx.tcx.explicit_predicates_of(impl_def_id),
+                            self.cx.tcx.explicit_predicates_of(impl_def_id),
                         ).clean(self.cx),
                         provided_trait_methods,
                         // FIXME(eddyb) compute both `trait_` and `for_` from
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs
index 63350b2a5d25c..e7cc8b76e485d 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/inline.rs
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ pub fn build_external_trait(cx: &DocContext<'_>, did: DefId) -> clean::Trait {
     let auto_trait = cx.tcx.trait_def(did).has_auto_impl;
     let trait_items = cx.tcx.associated_items(did).map(|item| item.clean(cx)).collect();
     let predicates = cx.tcx.predicates_of(did);
-    let generics = (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), &predicates).clean(cx);
+    let generics = (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), predicates).clean(cx);
     let generics = filter_non_trait_generics(did, generics);
     let (generics, supertrait_bounds) = separate_supertrait_bounds(generics);
     let is_spotlight = load_attrs(cx, did).clean(cx).has_doc_flag(sym::spotlight);
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ fn build_external_function(cx: &DocContext<'_>, did: DefId) -> clean::Function {
     let asyncness =  cx.tcx.asyncness(did);
     let predicates = cx.tcx.predicates_of(did);
     let (generics, decl) = clean::enter_impl_trait(cx, || {
-        ((cx.tcx.generics_of(did), &predicates).clean(cx), (did, sig).clean(cx))
+        ((cx.tcx.generics_of(did), predicates).clean(cx), (did, sig).clean(cx))
     });
     let (all_types, ret_types) = clean::get_all_types(&generics, &decl, cx);
     clean::Function {
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ fn build_enum(cx: &DocContext<'_>, did: DefId) -> clean::Enum {
     let predicates = cx.tcx.explicit_predicates_of(did);
 
     clean::Enum {
-        generics: (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), &predicates).clean(cx),
+        generics: (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), predicates).clean(cx),
         variants_stripped: false,
         variants: cx.tcx.adt_def(did).variants.clean(cx),
     }
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ fn build_struct(cx: &DocContext<'_>, did: DefId) -> clean::Struct {
             CtorKind::Fn => doctree::Tuple,
             CtorKind::Const => doctree::Unit,
         },
-        generics: (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), &predicates).clean(cx),
+        generics: (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), predicates).clean(cx),
         fields: variant.fields.clean(cx),
         fields_stripped: false,
     }
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ fn build_union(cx: &DocContext<'_>, did: DefId) -> clean::Union {
 
     clean::Union {
         struct_type: doctree::Plain,
-        generics: (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), &predicates).clean(cx),
+        generics: (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), predicates).clean(cx),
         fields: variant.fields.clean(cx),
         fields_stripped: false,
     }
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ fn build_type_alias(cx: &DocContext<'_>, did: DefId) -> clean::Typedef {
 
     clean::Typedef {
         type_: cx.tcx.type_of(did).clean(cx),
-        generics: (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), &predicates).clean(cx),
+        generics: (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), predicates).clean(cx),
     }
 }
 
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ pub fn build_impl(cx: &DocContext<'_>, did: DefId, attrs: Option<Attrs<'_>>,
                 }
             }).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             clean::enter_impl_trait(cx, || {
-                (tcx.generics_of(did), &predicates).clean(cx)
+                (tcx.generics_of(did), predicates).clean(cx)
             }),
         )
     };
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
index ba00631dc6ca2..c355f661410e5 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/mod.rs
@@ -1664,8 +1664,7 @@ impl Clean<Generics> for hir::Generics {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, 'tcx> Clean<Generics> for (&'a ty::Generics,
-                                    &'a &'tcx ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>) {
+impl<'a, 'tcx> Clean<Generics> for (&'a ty::Generics, ty::GenericPredicates<'tcx>) {
     fn clean(&self, cx: &DocContext<'_>) -> Generics {
         use self::WherePredicate as WP;
         use std::collections::BTreeMap;
@@ -2369,7 +2368,7 @@ impl Clean<Item> for ty::AssocItem {
             }
             ty::AssocKind::Method => {
                 let generics = (cx.tcx.generics_of(self.def_id),
-                                &cx.tcx.explicit_predicates_of(self.def_id)).clean(cx);
+                                cx.tcx.explicit_predicates_of(self.def_id)).clean(cx);
                 let sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(self.def_id);
                 let mut decl = (self.def_id, sig).clean(cx);
 
@@ -2448,7 +2447,7 @@ impl Clean<Item> for ty::AssocItem {
                     // all of the generics from there and then look for bounds that are
                     // applied to this associated type in question.
                     let predicates = cx.tcx.explicit_predicates_of(did);
-                    let generics = (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), &predicates).clean(cx);
+                    let generics = (cx.tcx.generics_of(did), predicates).clean(cx);
                     let mut bounds = generics.where_predicates.iter().filter_map(|pred| {
                         let (name, self_type, trait_, bounds) = match *pred {
                             WherePredicate::BoundPredicate {