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What is Linux distributions?

A linux distribution is a specific flavor of the Linux OS. It may also be referred to as a distro.

All Linux distributions must use the Linux kernel. This is the core component of the Linux OS that enables the system to properly use the computer's hardware.

And today, there are hundres of Linux distros, each tailored for a specific audience or task.

Linux distro differences

Each Linux distro has some of the following key differences:

  • System utilities

    Each Linux distro includes a unique set of default utilities that are part of the OS such as commands and applications that come prepackaged with the distibution.

  • Graphical user interface (GUI)

    Each distro has its own GUI, that you use to interact with the OS.

  • Shell commands

    Each distro supports a specific set of commands that you can use in a shell, a window for entering and receiving output for commands.

  • Support types

    Each distro provides differing levels of support such as Community versus enterprise, Long-term support (LTS) versus rolling release.

Linux distros: Bebian

Debian is one of the earliest-rooted distros, with the first release in 1993 (named version 0.01) and the first official, stable release in 1996 (version 1.1).

Note

It is known for being stable, reliable, and fully open source.

It supports many computer architecture (type of hardware).

Debian is the largest community-run distro currently available.

Linux distros: Ubuntu

Ubuntu is also an early-rooted distro, with its first official release in 2004 (version 4.10)

Note

Ubuntu is Debian-based.

Developed and managed by Canonical.

Ubuntu has three official editions:

  • Desktop (for PCs, laptops, workstations)
  • Server (for simple file servers or multinode clouds)
  • Core (for the Internet of Things IoT)

Linux distros: Red Hat Linux

Red Hat Linux, like Debian, is a "core" Linux distro, meaning that it is not derived from another Linux distro.

Note

Red Hat is known for being stable, reliable, and fully open source.

Managed by Red Hat, an IBM subsidiary.

Today it ships as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), an edition focused entirely on enterprise customers.

Linux distros: Fedora

Fedora is known as a stable operating system.

Note

Supports many architectures.

Very reliable and secure.

Actively developed, large community

Sponsored by Red Hat