From 9f165c870a040efbe8324c49bc1cd80b1d26098f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2024 22:16:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/34] Add requests library

---
 recipe/meta.json | 4 +++-
 recipe/meta.yaml | 1 +
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/recipe/meta.json b/recipe/meta.json
index 8cfa7a58f..cdccd2d82 100644
--- a/recipe/meta.json
+++ b/recipe/meta.json
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
       "pytest-xdist =3.6.*",
       "python >=3.9,<3.13",
       "pyyaml =6.0.*",
+      "requests =2.32.*",
       "setuptools"
     ],
     "run": [
@@ -31,7 +32,8 @@
       "jsonschema >=4.18,<4.24",
       "lxml =5.3.*",
       "python >=3.9,<3.13",
-      "pyyaml =6.0.*"
+      "pyyaml =6.0.*",
+      "requests =2.32.*"
     ]
   },
   "version": "2.5.0"
diff --git a/recipe/meta.yaml b/recipe/meta.yaml
index 9a9dfd0d9..83e95675d 100644
--- a/recipe/meta.yaml
+++ b/recipe/meta.yaml
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ requirements:
     - lxml 5.3.*
     - python >=3.9,<3.13
     - pyyaml 6.0.*
+    - requests 2.32.*
 test:
   requires:
     - black 24.8.*

From 840a0212e9720d8aada267593ea0212adde5a1ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 00:32:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/34] Work on _check_destination_paths()

---
 src/uwtools/cli.py           |  3 ++-
 src/uwtools/fs.py            | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 18 +++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/cli.py b/src/uwtools/cli.py
index e268a2e9b..1bf358e1f 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/cli.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/cli.py
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ def main() -> None:
         modes = {**tools, **drivers}
         sys.exit(0 if modes[args[STR.mode]](args) else 1)
     except UWError as e:
-        log.error(str(e))
+        for line in str(e).split("\n"):
+            log.error(line)
         sys.exit(1)
 
 
diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 46bf68244..3df81d09f 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional, Union
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from iotaa import dryrun, tasks
 
@@ -57,20 +58,34 @@ def __init__(
         self._config = yaml_config.data
         self._set_config_block()
         self._validate()
-        self._check_paths()
+        self._check_destination_paths()
 
-    def _check_paths(self) -> None:
+    def _check_destination_paths(self) -> None:
         """
-        Check that all paths are absolute if no target directory is specified.
+        Check that destination paths are valid.
 
-        :parm paths: The paths to check.
-        :raises: UWConfigError if no target directory is specified and a relative path is.
+        :raises: UWConfigError when a bad path is detected.
         """
-        if not self._target_dir:
-            errmsg = "Relative path '%s' requires the target directory to be specified"
-            for dst in self._dst_paths:
-                if not Path(dst).is_absolute():
-                    raise UWConfigError(errmsg % dst)
+        msg = [
+            "Path '%s' invalid when target directory is specified",
+            "Non-filesystem destination path '%s' not currently supported",
+            "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified",
+        ]
+        errors = []
+        report = lambda dst, i: errors.append(msg[i] % dst)
+        for dst in self._dst_paths:
+            scheme = urlparse(dst).scheme
+            if self._target_dir:
+                if scheme:
+                    report(dst, 0)
+            else:
+                if scheme and scheme != "file":
+                    report(dst, 1)
+                else:
+                    if not Path(dst).is_absolute():
+                        report(dst, 2)
+        if errors:
+            raise UWConfigError("\n".join(errors))
 
     def _set_config_block(self) -> None:
         """
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index 6e54dd07d..4a62d95e6 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def _schema(self):
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
-def test_Copier(assets, source):
+def test_fs_Copier(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets
     config = cfgdict if source == "dict" else cfgfile
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def test_Copier(assets, source):
     assert (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").is_file()
 
 
-def test_Copier_config_file_dry_run(assets):
+def test_fs_Copier_config_file_dry_run(assets):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()
     assert not (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").exists()
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def test_Copier_config_file_dry_run(assets):
     iotaa.dryrun(False)
 
 
-def test_Copier_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
+def test_fs_Copier_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     old = cfgdict["a"]["b"]
     cfgdict = {str(dstdir / "foo"): old["foo"], str(dstdir / "bar"): old["subdir/bar"]}
@@ -77,23 +77,23 @@ def test_Copier_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
     assert all(asset.ready() for asset in assets)  # type: ignore
 
 
-def test_Copier_no_targetdir_relpath_fail(assets):
+def test_fs_Copier_no_targetdir_relpath_fail(assets):
     _, cfgdict, _ = assets
     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
         fs.Copier(config=cfgdict, keys=["a", "b"]).go()
-    errmsg = "Relative path '%s' requires the target directory to be specified"
+    errmsg = "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified"
     assert errmsg % "foo" in str(e.value)
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
-def test_FilerStager(assets, source):
+def test_fs_FilerStager(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets
     config = cfgdict if source == "dict" else cfgfile
     assert fs.FileStager(target_dir=dstdir, config=config, keys=["a", "b"])
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
-def test_Linker(assets, source):
+def test_fs_Linker(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets
     config = cfgdict if source == "dict" else cfgfile
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def test_Linker(assets, source):
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
-def test_Stager__config_block_fail_bad_key_path(assets, source):
+def test_fs_Stager__config_block_fail_bad_key_path(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets
     config = cfgdict if source == "dict" else cfgfile
     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def test_Stager__config_block_fail_bad_key_path(assets, source):
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("val", [None, True, False, "str", 42, 3.14, [], tuple()])
-def test_Stager__config_block_fails_bad_type(assets, val):
+def test_fs_Stager__config_block_fails_bad_type(assets, val):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     cfgdict["a"]["b"] = val
     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:

From e02d346a4ce18faf94be5ab8da439531d1a815f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 01:29:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/34] Work on tests

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py                | 31 ++++++++-----------
 src/uwtools/tests/api/test_fs.py |  2 +-
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py     | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 3 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 3df81d09f..76f81f9cc 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -66,26 +66,21 @@ def _check_destination_paths(self) -> None:
 
         :raises: UWConfigError when a bad path is detected.
         """
-        msg = [
-            "Path '%s' invalid when target directory is specified",
-            "Non-filesystem destination path '%s' not currently supported",
-            "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified",
-        ]
-        errors = []
-        report = lambda dst, i: errors.append(msg[i] % dst)
         for dst in self._dst_paths:
             scheme = urlparse(dst).scheme
-            if self._target_dir:
-                if scheme:
-                    report(dst, 0)
-            else:
-                if scheme and scheme != "file":
-                    report(dst, 1)
-                else:
-                    if not Path(dst).is_absolute():
-                        report(dst, 2)
-        if errors:
-            raise UWConfigError("\n".join(errors))
+            absolute = Path(dst).is_absolute()
+            if scheme and scheme != "file":
+                msg = "Non-filesystem destination path '%s' not currently supported"
+                raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)
+            if self._target_dir and scheme:
+                msg = "Path '%s' invalid when target directory is specified"
+                raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)
+            if self._target_dir and absolute:
+                msg = "When target directory is specified, path '%s' must be relative"
+                raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)
+            if not self._target_dir and not absolute:
+                msg = "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified"
+                raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)
 
     def _set_config_block(self) -> None:
         """
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_fs.py
index 71d48b5cb..650dc05be 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_fs.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def kwargs(tmp_path):
         f.touch()
     config = {"a": {"b": {str(dstdir / "f1"): str(srcfile1), str(dstdir / "f2"): str(srcfile2)}}}
     return {
-        "target_dir": dstdir,
+        "target_dir": None,
         "config": config,
         "cycle": dt.datetime.now(),
         "leadtime": dt.timedelta(hours=6),
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index 4a62d95e6..4795977e3 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 # pylint: disable=missing-class-docstring
 # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+# pylint: disable=protected-access
 # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
 
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
 import iotaa
 import yaml
 from pytest import fixture, mark, raises
@@ -77,14 +80,6 @@ def test_fs_Copier_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
     assert all(asset.ready() for asset in assets)  # type: ignore
 
 
-def test_fs_Copier_no_targetdir_relpath_fail(assets):
-    _, cfgdict, _ = assets
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        fs.Copier(config=cfgdict, keys=["a", "b"]).go()
-    errmsg = "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified"
-    assert errmsg % "foo" in str(e.value)
-
-
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
 def test_fs_FilerStager(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets
@@ -103,6 +98,46 @@ def test_fs_Linker(assets, source):
     assert (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").is_symlink()
 
 
+def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_absolute_with_target_dir():
+    path = "/other/path"
+    obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir="/some/path")
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
+    assert str(e.value) == f"When target directory is specified, path '{path}' must be relative"
+
+
+def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_bad_scheme():
+    path = "s3://bucket/a/b"
+    obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir=None)
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
+    assert str(e.value) == f"Non-filesystem destination path '{path}' not currently supported"
+
+
+def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_need_target_dir():
+    path = "relpath"
+    obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir=None)
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
+    assert str(e.value) == f"Relative path '{path}' requires target directory to be specified"
+
+
+def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_scheme_with_target_dir():
+    path = "file://foo.com/a/b"
+    obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir="/some/path")
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
+    assert str(e.value) == f"Path '{path}' invalid when target directory is specified"
+
+
+# def test_fs_Copier_no_targetdir_relpath_fail(assets):
+#     _, cfgdict, _ = assets
+#     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+#         fs.Copier(config=cfgdict, keys=["a", "b"]).go()
+#     errmsg = "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified"
+#     assert errmsg % "foo" in str(e.value)
+
+
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
 def test_fs_Stager__config_block_fail_bad_key_path(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets

From e74d2439f89e9e5beceb8b48aeca2d96a4c69eb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 05:45:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/34] Remove unneeded test

---
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 8 --------
 1 file changed, 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index 4795977e3..c255ac627 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -130,14 +130,6 @@ def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_scheme_with_target_dir():
     assert str(e.value) == f"Path '{path}' invalid when target directory is specified"
 
 
-# def test_fs_Copier_no_targetdir_relpath_fail(assets):
-#     _, cfgdict, _ = assets
-#     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-#         fs.Copier(config=cfgdict, keys=["a", "b"]).go()
-#     errmsg = "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified"
-#     assert errmsg % "foo" in str(e.value)
-
-
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
 def test_fs_Stager__config_block_fail_bad_key_path(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets

From d447b5d5fc1e73bb7a4be9142796189d38f160be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 15:27:31 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/34] Improve error messages

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py            | 9 +++++++--
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 76f81f9cc..6f534f830 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -73,15 +73,20 @@ def _check_destination_paths(self) -> None:
                 msg = "Non-filesystem destination path '%s' not currently supported"
                 raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)
             if self._target_dir and scheme:
-                msg = "Path '%s' invalid when target directory is specified"
+                msg = "Non-filesystem path '%s' invalid when target directory is specified"
                 raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)
             if self._target_dir and absolute:
-                msg = "When target directory is specified, path '%s' must be relative"
+                msg = "Path '%s' must be relative when target directory is specified"
                 raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)
             if not self._target_dir and not absolute:
                 msg = "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified"
                 raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)
 
+    def _check_target_dir(self) -> None:
+        """
+        PM WRITEME.
+        """
+
     def _set_config_block(self) -> None:
         """
         Navigate keys to a config block.
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index c255ac627..f100f6c70 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_absolute_with_target_dir():
     obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir="/some/path")
     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
         fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
-    assert str(e.value) == f"When target directory is specified, path '{path}' must be relative"
+    assert str(e.value) == f"Path '{path}' must be relative when target directory is specified"
 
 
 def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_bad_scheme():
@@ -127,7 +127,9 @@ def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_scheme_with_target_dir():
     obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir="/some/path")
     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
         fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
-    assert str(e.value) == f"Path '{path}' invalid when target directory is specified"
+    assert (
+        str(e.value) == f"Non-filesystem path '{path}' invalid when target directory is specified"
+    )
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))

From 4c09249d67ba63d2cd059b4240de4be2ba5e95c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 15:42:50 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/34] Parametrize tests

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py            |  8 ++++-
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 58 +++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 2 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 6f534f830..c061c068b 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._config = yaml_config.data
         self._set_config_block()
         self._validate()
+        # self._check_target_dir()
         self._check_destination_paths()
 
     def _check_destination_paths(self) -> None:
@@ -84,8 +85,13 @@ def _check_destination_paths(self) -> None:
 
     def _check_target_dir(self) -> None:
         """
-        PM WRITEME.
+        Check that target directory is valid.
+
+        :raises: UWConfigError when a bad path is detected.
         """
+        if self._target_dir and (scheme := urlparse(self._target_dir).scheme) and scheme != "file":
+            msg = "Non-filesystem path '%s' invalid as target directory"
+            raise UWConfigError(msg % self._target_dir)
 
     def _set_config_block(self) -> None:
         """
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index f100f6c70..b6f982d4d 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -98,38 +98,40 @@ def test_fs_Linker(assets, source):
     assert (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").is_symlink()
 
 
-def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_absolute_with_target_dir():
-    path = "/other/path"
-    obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir="/some/path")
+@mark.parametrize(
+    "path,target_dir,msg",
+    [
+        (
+            "/other/path",
+            "/some/path",
+            "Path '%s' must be relative when target directory is specified",
+        ),
+        (
+            "s3://bucket/a/b",
+            None,
+            "Non-filesystem destination path '%s' not currently supported",
+        ),
+        (
+            "relpath",
+            None,
+            "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified",
+        ),
+        (
+            "file://foo.com/a/b",
+            "/some/path",
+            "Non-filesystem path '%s' invalid when target directory is specified",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail(path, target_dir, msg):
+    obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir=target_dir)
     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
         fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
-    assert str(e.value) == f"Path '{path}' must be relative when target directory is specified"
+    assert str(e.value) == msg % path
 
 
-def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_bad_scheme():
-    path = "s3://bucket/a/b"
-    obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir=None)
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
-    assert str(e.value) == f"Non-filesystem destination path '{path}' not currently supported"
-
-
-def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_need_target_dir():
-    path = "relpath"
-    obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir=None)
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
-    assert str(e.value) == f"Relative path '{path}' requires target directory to be specified"
-
-
-def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail_scheme_with_target_dir():
-    path = "file://foo.com/a/b"
-    obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir="/some/path")
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
-    assert (
-        str(e.value) == f"Non-filesystem path '{path}' invalid when target directory is specified"
-    )
+def test_fs_Stager__check_target_dir_fail_bad_scheme():
+    pass
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))

From 6182577f3de8281e3668e2d3028f146ad8087c22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 15:53:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/34] More tests

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py            |  8 ++++++--
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index c061c068b..4988640f6 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._config = yaml_config.data
         self._set_config_block()
         self._validate()
-        # self._check_target_dir()
+        self._check_target_dir()
         self._check_destination_paths()
 
     def _check_destination_paths(self) -> None:
@@ -89,7 +89,11 @@ def _check_target_dir(self) -> None:
 
         :raises: UWConfigError when a bad path is detected.
         """
-        if self._target_dir and (scheme := urlparse(self._target_dir).scheme) and scheme != "file":
+        if (
+            self._target_dir
+            and (scheme := urlparse(str(self._target_dir)).scheme)
+            and scheme != "file"
+        ):
             msg = "Non-filesystem path '%s' invalid as target directory"
             raise UWConfigError(msg % self._target_dir)
 
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index b6f982d4d..d20d2058f 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -99,39 +99,64 @@ def test_fs_Linker(assets, source):
 
 
 @mark.parametrize(
-    "path,target_dir,msg",
+    "path,target_dir,msg,fail_expected",
     [
         (
             "/other/path",
             "/some/path",
             "Path '%s' must be relative when target directory is specified",
+            True,
         ),
         (
             "s3://bucket/a/b",
             None,
             "Non-filesystem destination path '%s' not currently supported",
+            True,
         ),
         (
             "relpath",
             None,
             "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified",
+            True,
         ),
         (
             "file://foo.com/a/b",
             "/some/path",
             "Non-filesystem path '%s' invalid when target directory is specified",
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            "other/path",
+            "/some/path",
+            None,
+            False,
+        ),
+        (
+            "other/path",
+            "file:///some/path",
+            None,
+            False,
         ),
     ],
 )
-def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail(path, target_dir, msg):
+def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail(path, target_dir, msg, fail_expected):
     obj = Mock(_dst_paths=[path], _target_dir=target_dir)
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
-    assert str(e.value) == msg % path
+    if fail_expected:
+        with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+            fs.Stager._check_destination_paths(obj)
+        assert str(e.value) == msg % path
 
 
-def test_fs_Stager__check_target_dir_fail_bad_scheme():
-    pass
+@mark.parametrize(
+    "path,fail_expected",
+    [("s3://bucket/a/b", True), ("/some/path", False), ("file:///some/path", False)],
+)
+def test_fs_Stager__check_target_dir_fail_bad_scheme(path, fail_expected):
+    obj = Mock(_target_dir="s3://bucket/a/b")
+    if fail_expected:
+        with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+            fs.Stager._check_target_dir(obj)
+        assert str(e.value) == "Non-filesystem path '%s' invalid as target directory" % path
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))

From a9f7daa3c95f0ad14c4ad01e45e0c247c5789db9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 15:55:53 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/34] Formatting

---
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 14 ++------------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index d20d2058f..ddf8ffa9c 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -125,18 +125,8 @@ def test_fs_Linker(assets, source):
             "Non-filesystem path '%s' invalid when target directory is specified",
             True,
         ),
-        (
-            "other/path",
-            "/some/path",
-            None,
-            False,
-        ),
-        (
-            "other/path",
-            "file:///some/path",
-            None,
-            False,
-        ),
+        ("other/path", "/some/path", None, False),
+        ("other/path", "file:///some/path", None, False),
     ],
 )
 def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail(path, target_dir, msg, fail_expected):

From 314c871ce51a5934f9d7ec114e24b38eb6f0af54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 17:05:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/34] Generalize Copier

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py            | 21 +++++++++++++++++++--
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 15 ++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 4988640f6..11650db6a 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -164,14 +164,31 @@ class Copier(FileStager):
     Stage files by copying.
     """
 
+    # >>> urlparse("path/to/file")
+    # ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
+    # >>> urlparse("/path/to/file")
+    # ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
+    # >>> urlparse("file:///path/to/file")
+    # ParseResult(scheme='file', netloc='', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
+    # >>> urlparse("https://foo.com/path/to/file")
+    # ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='foo.com',
+    #   path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
+
     @tasks
     def go(self):
         """
         Copy files.
         """
-        dst = lambda k: Path(self._target_dir / k if self._target_dir else k)
         yield "File copies"
-        yield [filecopy(src=Path(v), dst=dst(k)) for k, v in self._config.items()]
+        reqs = []
+        for dst, src in self._config.items():
+            dst = Path((self._target_dir or "")) / dst
+            info = {x: urlparse(str(x)) for x in (dst, src)}
+            dst, src = [
+                Path(info[x].path) if info[x].scheme == "file" else Path(x) for x in (dst, src)
+            ]
+            reqs.append(filecopy(src=src, dst=dst))
+        yield reqs
 
 
 class Linker(FileStager):
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index ddf8ffa9c..b92dfe38b 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
 
-from unittest.mock import Mock
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 import iotaa
 import yaml
@@ -62,6 +63,18 @@ def test_fs_Copier(assets, source):
     assert (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").is_file()
 
 
+@mark.parametrize(
+    "dst,target_dir",
+    [("/dst/file", None), ("file:///dst/file", None), ("file", "/dst"), ("file", "file:///dst")],
+)
+def test_fs_Copier_scheme_file(dst, target_dir):
+    src = "/src/file"
+    obj = Mock(_config={dst: src}, _target_dir=target_dir)
+    with patch.object(fs, "filecopy") as filecopy:
+        fs.Copier.go(obj)
+        filecopy.assert_called_once_with(src=Path(src), dst=Path("/dst/file"))
+
+
 def test_fs_Copier_config_file_dry_run(assets):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()

From fa5a0c7db529db1c1cd3b56403b1ec94ebe105db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 17:23:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/34] Generalize Copier

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py            |  9 +++++----
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 19 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 11650db6a..bf262793a 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -184,10 +184,11 @@ def go(self):
         for dst, src in self._config.items():
             dst = Path((self._target_dir or "")) / dst
             info = {x: urlparse(str(x)) for x in (dst, src)}
-            dst, src = [
-                Path(info[x].path) if info[x].scheme == "file" else Path(x) for x in (dst, src)
-            ]
-            reqs.append(filecopy(src=src, dst=dst))
+            dst, src = [info[x].path if info[x].scheme == "file" else x for x in (dst, src)]
+            if (scheme := info[src].scheme) in ("", "file"):
+                reqs.append(filecopy(src=Path(src), dst=Path(dst)))
+            else:
+                raise UWConfigError(f"Support for scheme '{scheme}' not implemented")
         yield reqs
 
 
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index b92dfe38b..727631cb1 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -64,17 +64,28 @@ def test_fs_Copier(assets, source):
 
 
 @mark.parametrize(
-    "dst,target_dir",
-    [("/dst/file", None), ("file:///dst/file", None), ("file", "/dst"), ("file", "file:///dst")],
+    "dst,src,target_dir",
+    [
+        ("/dst/file", "/src/file", None),
+        ("file:///dst/file", "/src/file", None),
+        ("file", "/src/file", "/dst"),
+        ("file", "/src/file", "file:///dst"),
+    ],
 )
-def test_fs_Copier_scheme_file(dst, target_dir):
-    src = "/src/file"
+def test_fs_Copier_schemes(dst, src, target_dir):
     obj = Mock(_config={dst: src}, _target_dir=target_dir)
     with patch.object(fs, "filecopy") as filecopy:
         fs.Copier.go(obj)
         filecopy.assert_called_once_with(src=Path(src), dst=Path("/dst/file"))
 
 
+def test_fs_Copier_schemes_fail():
+    obj = Mock(_config={"/dst/file": "foo://x/y/z"}, _target_dir=None)
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        fs.Copier.go(obj)
+    assert str(e.value) == "Support for scheme 'foo' not implemented"
+
+
 def test_fs_Copier_config_file_dry_run(assets):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()

From 9d6654bdab806a136c460456b0bd917a2947358a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 17:26:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/34] Generalize Copier

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index bf262793a..0f4ca4832 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -185,7 +185,8 @@ def go(self):
             dst = Path((self._target_dir or "")) / dst
             info = {x: urlparse(str(x)) for x in (dst, src)}
             dst, src = [info[x].path if info[x].scheme == "file" else x for x in (dst, src)]
-            if (scheme := info[src].scheme) in ("", "file"):
+            scheme = info[src].scheme
+            if scheme in ("", "file"):
                 reqs.append(filecopy(src=Path(src), dst=Path(dst)))
             else:
                 raise UWConfigError(f"Support for scheme '{scheme}' not implemented")

From 4ccb95d0db97cbb4c534bd8b1bb8b28b104651b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 18:58:53 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 12/34] Push scheme handling into filecopy()

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py                     | 16 +-------------
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py          | 32 ++++-----------------------
 src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py            | 29 +++++++++++++++++++-----
 4 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 0f4ca4832..c2e11f5b2 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -164,16 +164,6 @@ class Copier(FileStager):
     Stage files by copying.
     """
 
-    # >>> urlparse("path/to/file")
-    # ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
-    # >>> urlparse("/path/to/file")
-    # ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
-    # >>> urlparse("file:///path/to/file")
-    # ParseResult(scheme='file', netloc='', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
-    # >>> urlparse("https://foo.com/path/to/file")
-    # ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='foo.com',
-    #   path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
-
     @tasks
     def go(self):
         """
@@ -185,11 +175,7 @@ def go(self):
             dst = Path((self._target_dir or "")) / dst
             info = {x: urlparse(str(x)) for x in (dst, src)}
             dst, src = [info[x].path if info[x].scheme == "file" else x for x in (dst, src)]
-            scheme = info[src].scheme
-            if scheme in ("", "file"):
-                reqs.append(filecopy(src=Path(src), dst=Path(dst)))
-            else:
-                raise UWConfigError(f"Support for scheme '{scheme}' not implemented")
+            reqs.append(filecopy(src=src, dst=dst))
         yield reqs
 
 
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index 727631cb1..4246fb463 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
 
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 import iotaa
 import yaml
@@ -63,29 +62,6 @@ def test_fs_Copier(assets, source):
     assert (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").is_file()
 
 
-@mark.parametrize(
-    "dst,src,target_dir",
-    [
-        ("/dst/file", "/src/file", None),
-        ("file:///dst/file", "/src/file", None),
-        ("file", "/src/file", "/dst"),
-        ("file", "/src/file", "file:///dst"),
-    ],
-)
-def test_fs_Copier_schemes(dst, src, target_dir):
-    obj = Mock(_config={dst: src}, _target_dir=target_dir)
-    with patch.object(fs, "filecopy") as filecopy:
-        fs.Copier.go(obj)
-        filecopy.assert_called_once_with(src=Path(src), dst=Path("/dst/file"))
-
-
-def test_fs_Copier_schemes_fail():
-    obj = Mock(_config={"/dst/file": "foo://x/y/z"}, _target_dir=None)
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        fs.Copier.go(obj)
-    assert str(e.value) == "Support for scheme 'foo' not implemented"
-
-
 def test_fs_Copier_config_file_dry_run(assets):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()
@@ -132,7 +108,7 @@ def test_fs_Linker(assets, source):
             True,
         ),
         (
-            "s3://bucket/a/b",
+            "foo://bucket/a/b",
             None,
             "Non-filesystem destination path '%s' not currently supported",
             True,
@@ -163,10 +139,10 @@ def test_fs_Stager__check_destination_paths_fail(path, target_dir, msg, fail_exp
 
 @mark.parametrize(
     "path,fail_expected",
-    [("s3://bucket/a/b", True), ("/some/path", False), ("file:///some/path", False)],
+    [("foo://bucket/a/b", True), ("/some/path", False), ("file:///some/path", False)],
 )
 def test_fs_Stager__check_target_dir_fail_bad_scheme(path, fail_expected):
-    obj = Mock(_target_dir="s3://bucket/a/b")
+    obj = Mock(_target_dir="foo://bucket/a/b")
     if fail_expected:
         with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
             fs.Stager._check_target_dir(obj)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
index aa606ed09..7f908067e 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
@@ -2,13 +2,24 @@
 
 import os
 import stat
+from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
+from iotaa import asset, external
+from pytest import mark, raises
+
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
 from uwtools.utils import tasks
 
 # Helpers
 
 
+@external
+def exists(x):
+    yield x
+    yield asset(x, lambda: True)
+
+
 def ready(taskval):
     return taskval.ready()
 
@@ -89,6 +100,25 @@ def test_tasks_filecopy_directory_hierarchy(tmp_path):
     assert dst.is_file()
 
 
+@mark.parametrize(
+    "src,ok",
+    [("/src/file", True), ("file:///src/file", True), ("foo://bucket/a/b", False)],
+)
+def test_tasks_filecopy_source_local(src, ok):
+    dst = "/dst/file"
+    if ok:
+        with patch.object(tasks, "file", exists):
+            with patch.object(tasks, "copy") as copy:
+                with patch.object(tasks.Path, "mkdir") as mkdir:
+                    tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
+        mkdir.assert_called_once_with(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        copy.assert_called_once_with(Path(src), Path(dst))
+    else:
+        with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+            tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
+        assert str(e.value) == "Support for scheme 'foo' not implemented"
+
+
 def test_tasks_symlink_simple(tmp_path):
     target = tmp_path / "target"
     link = tmp_path / "link"
diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index 7659fe2be..4eddae0fc 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -6,9 +6,12 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from shutil import copy, which
 from typing import Union
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from iotaa import asset, external, task
 
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+
 
 @task
 def directory(path: Path):
@@ -58,8 +61,19 @@ def file(path: Path, context: str = ""):
     yield asset(path, path.is_file)
 
 
+# >>> urlparse("path/to/file")
+# ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
+# >>> urlparse("/path/to/file")
+# ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
+# >>> urlparse("file:///path/to/file")
+# ParseResult(scheme='file', netloc='', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
+# >>> urlparse("https://foo.com/path/to/file")
+# ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='foo.com', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='',
+#   fragment='')
+
+
 @task
-def filecopy(src: Path, dst: Path):
+def filecopy(src: Union[Path, str], dst: Union[Path, str]):
     """
     A copy of an existing file.
 
@@ -67,10 +81,15 @@ def filecopy(src: Path, dst: Path):
     :param dst: Path to the destination file to create.
     """
     yield "Copy %s -> %s" % (src, dst)
-    yield asset(dst, dst.is_file)
-    yield file(src)
-    dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    copy(src, dst)
+    yield asset(Path(dst), Path(dst).is_file)
+    scheme = urlparse(str(src)).scheme
+    if scheme in ("", "file"):
+        src, dst = map(Path, [src, dst])
+        yield file(src)
+        dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        copy(src, dst)
+    else:
+        raise UWConfigError(f"Support for scheme '{scheme}' not implemented")
 
 
 @task

From 9b573fa2365d8fc14423ee1e483fcc866d6426af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 19:50:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 13/34] Work on existing() HTTP support

---
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index 4eddae0fc..9557973dc 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -5,13 +5,17 @@
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 from shutil import copy, which
-from typing import Union
+from types import SimpleNamespace as ns
+from typing import NoReturn, Union
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
+import requests
 from iotaa import asset, external, task
 
 from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
 
+SCHEMES = ns(http=("http", "https"), local=("", "file"))
+
 
 @task
 def directory(path: Path):
@@ -38,14 +42,24 @@ def executable(program: Union[Path, str]):
 
 
 @external
-def existing(path: Path):
+def existing(path: Union[Path, str]):
     """
-    An existing filesystem item (file, directory, or symlink).
+    An existing file, directory, symlink, or remote object.
 
     :param path: Path to the item.
+    :raises: UWConfigError for unsupported URL schemes.
     """
-    yield "Filesystem item %s" % path
-    yield asset(path, path.exists)
+    scheme = urlparse(str(path)).scheme
+    if scheme in SCHEMES.local:
+        path = Path(path)
+        yield "Filesystem item %s" % path
+        yield asset(path, path.exists)
+    elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
+        path = str(path)
+        yield "Remote item %s" % path
+        yield asset(path, lambda: requests.head(path, timeout=5).status_code == 200)
+    else:
+        _bad_scheme(scheme)
 
 
 @external
@@ -61,17 +75,6 @@ def file(path: Path, context: str = ""):
     yield asset(path, path.is_file)
 
 
-# >>> urlparse("path/to/file")
-# ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
-# >>> urlparse("/path/to/file")
-# ParseResult(scheme='', netloc='', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
-# >>> urlparse("file:///path/to/file")
-# ParseResult(scheme='file', netloc='', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='', fragment='')
-# >>> urlparse("https://foo.com/path/to/file")
-# ParseResult(scheme='https', netloc='foo.com', path='/path/to/file', params='', query='',
-#   fragment='')
-
-
 @task
 def filecopy(src: Union[Path, str], dst: Union[Path, str]):
     """
@@ -79,17 +82,21 @@ def filecopy(src: Union[Path, str], dst: Union[Path, str]):
 
     :param src: Path to the source file.
     :param dst: Path to the destination file to create.
+    :raises: UWConfigError for unsupported URL schemes.
     """
     yield "Copy %s -> %s" % (src, dst)
     yield asset(Path(dst), Path(dst).is_file)
+    dst = Path(dst)  # currently no support for remote destinations
     scheme = urlparse(str(src)).scheme
-    if scheme in ("", "file"):
-        src, dst = map(Path, [src, dst])
+    if scheme in SCHEMES.local:
+        src = Path(src)
         yield file(src)
         dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         copy(src, dst)
+    elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
+        pass
     else:
-        raise UWConfigError(f"Support for scheme '{scheme}' not implemented")
+        _bad_scheme(scheme)
 
 
 @task
@@ -108,3 +115,16 @@ def symlink(target: Path, linkname: Path):
         src=target if target.is_absolute() else os.path.relpath(target, linkname.parent),
         dst=linkname,
     )
+
+
+# Private helpers
+
+
+def _bad_scheme(scheme: str) -> NoReturn:
+    """
+    Fail on an unsupported URL scheme.
+
+    :param scheme: The scheme.
+    :raises: UWConfigError.
+    """
+    raise UWConfigError(f"Support for scheme '{scheme}' not implemented")

From e0c211b12a22001a7452debb871f451c9a95de01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 19:55:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 14/34] Accept HTTP 301

---
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index 9557973dc..bdf29d91b 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -55,9 +55,10 @@ def existing(path: Union[Path, str]):
         yield "Filesystem item %s" % path
         yield asset(path, path.exists)
     elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
+        okcodes = (200, 301)
         path = str(path)
         yield "Remote item %s" % path
-        yield asset(path, lambda: requests.head(path, timeout=5).status_code == 200)
+        yield asset(path, lambda: requests.head(path, timeout=3).status_code in okcodes)
     else:
         _bad_scheme(scheme)
 

From dbf8f4f19234c7e2cad0196fa1497e96579c091f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 20:03:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/34] Work on existing() HTTP support

---
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index bdf29d91b..91262d452 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ def existing(path: Union[Path, str]):
         yield "Filesystem item %s" % path
         yield asset(path, path.exists)
     elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
-        okcodes = (200, 301)
         path = str(path)
+        ready = lambda: requests.head(path, allow_redirects=True, timeout=3).status_code == 200
         yield "Remote item %s" % path
-        yield asset(path, lambda: requests.head(path, timeout=3).status_code in okcodes)
+        yield asset(path, ready)
     else:
         _bad_scheme(scheme)
 

From 2e7916f7981c748177972ec6853589775e81f6c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 20:52:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/34] Improve tests

---
 src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py | 28 ++++++++++++++++++---------
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py            |  5 +++--
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
index 7f908067e..3ace767ee 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
@@ -48,29 +48,39 @@ def test_tasks_executable(tmp_path):
         assert ready(tasks.executable(program=p))
 
 
-def test_tasks_existing_missing(tmp_path):
-    path = tmp_path / "x"
+@mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
+def test_tasks_existing_local_missing(prefix, tmp_path):
+    base = tmp_path / "x"
+    path = prefix + str(base) if prefix else base
     assert not ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
 
 
-def test_tasks_existing_present_directory(tmp_path):
+def test_tasks_existing_local_present_directory(tmp_path):
     path = tmp_path / "directory"
     path.mkdir()
     assert ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
 
 
-def test_tasks_existing_present_file(tmp_path):
-    path = tmp_path / "file"
-    path.touch()
+@mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
+def test_tasks_existing_local_present_file(prefix, tmp_path):
+    base = tmp_path / "file"
+    base.touch()
+    path = prefix + str(base) if prefix else base
     assert ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
 
 
-def test_tasks_existing_present_symlink(tmp_path):
-    path = tmp_path / "symlink"
-    path.symlink_to(os.devnull)
+@mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
+def test_tasks_existing_local_present_symlink(prefix, tmp_path):
+    base = tmp_path / "symlink"
+    base.symlink_to(os.devnull)
+    path = prefix + str(base) if prefix else base
     assert ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
 
 
+def test_tasks_existing_remote():
+    pass  # PM FIXME
+
+
 def test_tasks_file_missing(tmp_path):
     path = tmp_path / "file"
     assert not ready(tasks.file(path=path))
diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index 91262d452..e54c9f16c 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -49,9 +49,10 @@ def existing(path: Union[Path, str]):
     :param path: Path to the item.
     :raises: UWConfigError for unsupported URL schemes.
     """
-    scheme = urlparse(str(path)).scheme
+    info = urlparse(str(path))
+    scheme = info.scheme
     if scheme in SCHEMES.local:
-        path = Path(path)
+        path = Path(info.path if scheme == "file" else path)
         yield "Filesystem item %s" % path
         yield asset(path, path.exists)
     elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:

From ac91f61c865e764347948924556024838ab57a4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 21:14:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 17/34] Improve tests

---
 src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++-------
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py            |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
index 3ace767ee..3d57d39ee 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
 
+import logging
 import os
 import stat
 from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import patch
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 from iotaa import asset, external
 from pytest import mark, raises
 
 from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.tests.support import logged
 from uwtools.utils import tasks
 
 # Helpers
@@ -49,36 +51,53 @@ def test_tasks_executable(tmp_path):
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
-def test_tasks_existing_local_missing(prefix, tmp_path):
+def test_tasks_existing_local_missing(caplog, prefix, tmp_path):
+    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
     base = tmp_path / "x"
     path = prefix + str(base) if prefix else base
     assert not ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
+    assert logged(caplog, "Filesystem item %s: State: Not Ready (external asset)" % base)
 
 
-def test_tasks_existing_local_present_directory(tmp_path):
+def test_tasks_existing_local_present_directory(caplog, tmp_path):
+    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
     path = tmp_path / "directory"
     path.mkdir()
     assert ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
+    assert logged(caplog, "Filesystem item %s: State: Ready" % path)
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
-def test_tasks_existing_local_present_file(prefix, tmp_path):
+def test_tasks_existing_local_present_file(caplog, prefix, tmp_path):
+    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
     base = tmp_path / "file"
     base.touch()
     path = prefix + str(base) if prefix else base
     assert ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
+    assert logged(caplog, "Filesystem item %s: State: Ready" % base)
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
-def test_tasks_existing_local_present_symlink(prefix, tmp_path):
+def test_tasks_existing_local_present_symlink(caplog, prefix, tmp_path):
+    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
     base = tmp_path / "symlink"
     base.symlink_to(os.devnull)
     path = prefix + str(base) if prefix else base
     assert ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
-
-
-def test_tasks_existing_remote():
-    pass  # PM FIXME
+    assert logged(caplog, "Filesystem item %s: State: Ready" % base)
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("scheme", ["http", "https"])
+@mark.parametrize("code,expected", [(200, True), (404, False)])
+def test_tasks_existing_remote(caplog, code, expected, scheme):
+    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    path = f"{scheme}://foo.com/obj"
+    with patch.object(tasks.requests, "head", return_value=Mock(status_code=code)) as head:
+        state = ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
+        assert state is expected
+    head.assert_called_with(path, allow_redirects=True, timeout=3)
+    msg = "Remote object %s: State: %s" % (path, "Ready" if state else "Not Ready (external asset)")
+    assert logged(caplog, msg)
 
 
 def test_tasks_file_missing(tmp_path):
diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index e54c9f16c..57dc92001 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def existing(path: Union[Path, str]):
     elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
         path = str(path)
         ready = lambda: requests.head(path, allow_redirects=True, timeout=3).status_code == 200
-        yield "Remote item %s" % path
+        yield "Remote object %s" % path
         yield asset(path, ready)
     else:
         _bad_scheme(scheme)

From adf74229346184ad8cbea3730ae923b5de46460c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 21:18:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/34] Add test

---
 src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
index 3d57d39ee..72bc721dd 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
@@ -100,6 +100,13 @@ def test_tasks_existing_remote(caplog, code, expected, scheme):
     assert logged(caplog, msg)
 
 
+def test_tasks_existing_bad_scheme():
+    path = "foo://bucket/a/b"
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        tasks.existing(path=path)
+    assert str(e.value) == "Support for scheme 'foo' not implemented"
+
+
 def test_tasks_file_missing(tmp_path):
     path = tmp_path / "file"
     assert not ready(tasks.file(path=path))

From 7a152473598955e96dd08ac235a629c85f6eb1b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 21:28:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/34] Work on HTTP GET

---
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py | 11 ++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index 57dc92001..340761786 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 from iotaa import asset, external, task
 
 from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.utils.file import writable
 
 SCHEMES = ns(http=("http", "https"), local=("", "file"))
 
@@ -96,7 +98,14 @@ def filecopy(src: Union[Path, str], dst: Union[Path, str]):
         dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         copy(src, dst)
     elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
-        pass
+        src = str(src)
+        yield existing(src)
+        response = requests.get(src, allow_redirects=True, timeout=3)
+        if (code := response.status_code) == 200:
+            with writable(dst) as f:
+                f.write(response.content)
+        else:
+            log.error("Could not get '%s', HTTP status was: %s", src, code)
     else:
         _bad_scheme(scheme)
 

From c02c2c9528c54f8cfbd229549251401c0815e224 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 21:35:31 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 20/34] Work on HTTP GET

---
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index 340761786..c01735474 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 
 from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
 from uwtools.logging import log
-from uwtools.utils.file import writable
 
 SCHEMES = ns(http=("http", "https"), local=("", "file"))
 
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ def filecopy(src: Union[Path, str], dst: Union[Path, str]):
         yield existing(src)
         response = requests.get(src, allow_redirects=True, timeout=3)
         if (code := response.status_code) == 200:
-            with writable(dst) as f:
+            with open(dst, "wb") as f:
                 f.write(response.content)
         else:
             log.error("Could not get '%s', HTTP status was: %s", src, code)

From 9877c3c14099a5e88d5afe51ea68524c43e497a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2024 22:53:59 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/34] Work on HTTP GET tests

---
 src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
index 72bc721dd..f446c51ba 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
@@ -136,6 +136,20 @@ def test_tasks_filecopy_directory_hierarchy(tmp_path):
     assert dst.is_file()
 
 
+def test_tasks_filecopy_source_http(tmp_path):
+    src = "http://foo.com/obj"
+    dst = tmp_path / "a-file"
+    assert not dst.is_file()
+    with patch.object(tasks, "existing", exists):
+        with patch.object(tasks, "requests") as requests:
+            response = requests.get()
+            response.status_code = 200
+            response.content = "data".encode("utf-8")
+            tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
+        requests.get.assert_called_with(src, allow_redirects=True, timeout=3)
+    assert dst.is_file()
+
+
 @mark.parametrize(
     "src,ok",
     [("/src/file", True), ("file:///src/file", True), ("foo://bucket/a/b", False)],

From 4ba3d9927b3e0248f8c0744346308960cb116254 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 00:24:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 22/34] Use uwtools log object in tests

---
 src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py | 21 ++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
index f446c51ba..0a4465a3e 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 from pytest import mark, raises
 
 from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.logging import log
 from uwtools.tests.support import logged
 from uwtools.utils import tasks
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ def test_tasks_executable(tmp_path):
 
 @mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
 def test_tasks_existing_local_missing(caplog, prefix, tmp_path):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     base = tmp_path / "x"
     path = prefix + str(base) if prefix else base
     assert not ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ def test_tasks_existing_local_missing(caplog, prefix, tmp_path):
 
 
 def test_tasks_existing_local_present_directory(caplog, tmp_path):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     path = tmp_path / "directory"
     path.mkdir()
     assert ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ def test_tasks_existing_local_present_directory(caplog, tmp_path):
 
 @mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
 def test_tasks_existing_local_present_file(caplog, prefix, tmp_path):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     base = tmp_path / "file"
     base.touch()
     path = prefix + str(base) if prefix else base
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ def test_tasks_existing_local_present_file(caplog, prefix, tmp_path):
 
 @mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
 def test_tasks_existing_local_present_symlink(caplog, prefix, tmp_path):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     base = tmp_path / "symlink"
     base.symlink_to(os.devnull)
     path = prefix + str(base) if prefix else base
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ def test_tasks_existing_local_present_symlink(caplog, prefix, tmp_path):
 @mark.parametrize("scheme", ["http", "https"])
 @mark.parametrize("code,expected", [(200, True), (404, False)])
 def test_tasks_existing_remote(caplog, code, expected, scheme):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     path = f"{scheme}://foo.com/obj"
     with patch.object(tasks.requests, "head", return_value=Mock(status_code=code)) as head:
         state = ready(tasks.existing(path=path))
@@ -136,18 +137,20 @@ def test_tasks_filecopy_directory_hierarchy(tmp_path):
     assert dst.is_file()
 
 
-def test_tasks_filecopy_source_http(tmp_path):
-    src = "http://foo.com/obj"
+@mark.parametrize("code,expected", [(200, True), (404, False)])
+@mark.parametrize("src", ["http://foo.com/obj", "https://foo.com/obj"])
+def test_tasks_filecopy_source_http(code, expected, src, tmp_path):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     dst = tmp_path / "a-file"
     assert not dst.is_file()
     with patch.object(tasks, "existing", exists):
         with patch.object(tasks, "requests") as requests:
             response = requests.get()
-            response.status_code = 200
+            response.status_code = code
             response.content = "data".encode("utf-8")
             tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
         requests.get.assert_called_with(src, allow_redirects=True, timeout=3)
-    assert dst.is_file()
+    assert dst.is_file() is expected
 
 
 @mark.parametrize(

From 46c34ab55cc38ee0051c90104ecc75fe2342026e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 01:07:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 23/34] Always make directory for dst file

---
 src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py | 20 ++++++++++----------
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py            |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
index 0a4465a3e..996de3cf9 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
@@ -159,17 +159,17 @@ def test_tasks_filecopy_source_http(code, expected, src, tmp_path):
 )
 def test_tasks_filecopy_source_local(src, ok):
     dst = "/dst/file"
-    if ok:
-        with patch.object(tasks, "file", exists):
-            with patch.object(tasks, "copy") as copy:
-                with patch.object(tasks.Path, "mkdir") as mkdir:
+    with patch.object(tasks.Path, "mkdir") as mkdir:
+        if ok:
+            with patch.object(tasks, "file", exists):
+                with patch.object(tasks, "copy") as copy:
                     tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
-        mkdir.assert_called_once_with(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-        copy.assert_called_once_with(Path(src), Path(dst))
-    else:
-        with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-            tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
-        assert str(e.value) == "Support for scheme 'foo' not implemented"
+            copy.assert_called_once_with(Path(src), Path(dst))
+        else:
+            with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+                tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
+            assert str(e.value) == "Support for scheme 'foo' not implemented"
+    mkdir.assert_called_once_with(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
 
 def test_tasks_symlink_simple(tmp_path):
diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index c01735474..1bf21f514 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -90,11 +90,11 @@ def filecopy(src: Union[Path, str], dst: Union[Path, str]):
     yield "Copy %s -> %s" % (src, dst)
     yield asset(Path(dst), Path(dst).is_file)
     dst = Path(dst)  # currently no support for remote destinations
+    dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     scheme = urlparse(str(src)).scheme
     if scheme in SCHEMES.local:
         src = Path(src)
         yield file(src)
-        dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         copy(src, dst)
     elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
         src = str(src)

From 89941b54479ae367de7933af04f544c879aaedd2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 01:07:26 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 24/34] Update docs

---
 docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst     |  6 ++-
 .../user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-config.yaml  |  1 +
 .../tools/fs/copy-exec-no-target-dir-err.out  |  6 +--
 .../user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-exec.out     | 39 +++++++++++--------
 .../tools/fs/link-exec-no-target-dir-err.out  |  6 +--
 .../fs/makedirs-exec-no-target-dir-err.out    |  6 +--
 6 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst
index cb61dd7bf..edd06c5c6 100644
--- a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ The ``uw`` mode for handling filesystem items (files and directories).
 
 The ``copy`` action stages files in a target directory by copying files. Any ``KEY`` positional arguments are used to navigate, in the order given, from the top of the config to the :ref:`file block <files_yaml>`.
 
+Source paths prefixed with ``http://`` or ``https://`` will be copied from their upstream network locations to the local filesystem.
+
 .. literalinclude:: fs/copy-help.cmd
    :emphasize-lines: 1
 .. literalinclude:: fs/copy-help.out
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ The ``copy`` action stages files in a target directory by copying files. Any ``K
 Examples
 ^^^^^^^^
 
-Given ``copy-config.yaml`` containing
+Given ``copy-config.yaml`` containing a mapping from local-filesystem destination paths to source paths.
 
 .. literalinclude:: fs/copy-config.yaml
    :language: yaml
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ Given ``copy-config.yaml`` containing
 .. literalinclude:: fs/copy-exec.out
    :language: text
 
-Here, ``foo`` and ``bar`` are copies of their respective source files.
+Here, ``foo`` and ``bar`` are copies of their respective local-filesystem source files, and ``gpl`` is a copy of the upstream network source of the GNU General Public License.
 
 The ``--cycle`` and ``--leadtime`` options can be used to make Python ``datetime`` and ``timedelta`` objects, respectively, available for use in Jinja2 expression in the config. For example:
 
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-config.yaml b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-config.yaml
index 17c45a3e6..98d02f202 100644
--- a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-config.yaml
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-config.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 config:
   files:
     foo: src/foo
+    licenses/gpl: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt
     subdir/bar: src/bar
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-exec-no-target-dir-err.out b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-exec-no-target-dir-err.out
index 71b4ca3a1..17a9f799f 100644
--- a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-exec-no-target-dir-err.out
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-exec-no-target-dir-err.out
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-[2024-08-26T23:03:40]     INFO Validating config against internal schema: files-to-stage
-[2024-08-26T23:03:40]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found in fs config
-[2024-08-26T23:03:40]    ERROR Relative path 'foo' requires the target directory to be specified
+[2024-12-07T01:01:51]     INFO Validating config against internal schema: files-to-stage
+[2024-12-07T01:01:53]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found in fs config
+[2024-12-07T01:01:53]    ERROR Relative path 'foo' requires target directory to be specified
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-exec.out b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-exec.out
index 57221e756..46a06048e 100644
--- a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-exec.out
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/copy-exec.out
@@ -1,22 +1,29 @@
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Validating config against internal schema: files-to-stage
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found in fs config
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO File copies: Initial state: Not Ready
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO File copies: Checking requirements
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Initial state: Not Ready
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Checking requirements
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Requirement(s) ready
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Executing
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Final state: Ready
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Initial state: Not Ready
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Checking requirements
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Requirement(s) ready
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Executing
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Final state: Ready
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO File copies: Final state: Ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO Validating config against internal schema: files-to-stage
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found in fs config
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO File copies: Initial state: Not Ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO File copies: Checking requirements
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Initial state: Not Ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Checking requirements
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Requirement(s) ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Executing
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO Copy src/foo -> copy-dst/foo: Final state: Ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO Copy https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt -> copy-dst/licenses/gpl: Initial state: Not Ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:56]     INFO Copy https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt -> copy-dst/licenses/gpl: Checking requirements
+[2024-12-07T01:01:58]     INFO Copy https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt -> copy-dst/licenses/gpl: Requirement(s) ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:58]     INFO Copy https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt -> copy-dst/licenses/gpl: Executing
+[2024-12-07T01:01:58]     INFO Copy https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt -> copy-dst/licenses/gpl: Final state: Ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:58]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Initial state: Not Ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:58]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Checking requirements
+[2024-12-07T01:01:58]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Requirement(s) ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:58]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Executing
+[2024-12-07T01:01:58]     INFO Copy src/bar -> copy-dst/subdir/bar: Final state: Ready
+[2024-12-07T01:01:58]     INFO File copies: Final state: Ready
 
 copy-dst
 ├── foo
+├── licenses
+│   └── gpl
 └── subdir
     └── bar
 
-2 directories, 2 files
+3 directories, 3 files
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/link-exec-no-target-dir-err.out b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/link-exec-no-target-dir-err.out
index dcb5593ed..7118df558 100644
--- a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/link-exec-no-target-dir-err.out
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/link-exec-no-target-dir-err.out
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO Validating config against internal schema: files-to-stage
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found in fs config
-[2024-08-26T23:03:41]    ERROR Relative path 'foo' requires the target directory to be specified
+[2024-12-07T01:01:55]     INFO Validating config against internal schema: files-to-stage
+[2024-12-07T01:01:55]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found in fs config
+[2024-12-07T01:01:55]    ERROR Relative path 'foo' requires target directory to be specified
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/makedirs-exec-no-target-dir-err.out b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/makedirs-exec-no-target-dir-err.out
index 84c7710bf..63c47798e 100644
--- a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/makedirs-exec-no-target-dir-err.out
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs/makedirs-exec-no-target-dir-err.out
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-[2024-08-26T23:03:44]     INFO Validating config against internal schema: makedirs
-[2024-08-26T23:03:45]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found in fs config
-[2024-08-26T23:03:45]    ERROR Relative path 'foo' requires the target directory to be specified
+[2024-12-07T01:01:55]     INFO Validating config against internal schema: makedirs
+[2024-12-07T01:01:55]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found in fs config
+[2024-12-07T01:01:55]    ERROR Relative path 'foo' requires target directory to be specified

From 7f05b41e3283f5a0cbfef566b2ecb27b74d4fc37 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 01:18:37 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 25/34] Only make dst dir when src req is satisfied

---
 src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py | 2 +-
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py            | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
index 996de3cf9..f6bbd2162 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ def test_tasks_filecopy_source_local(src, ok):
             with patch.object(tasks, "file", exists):
                 with patch.object(tasks, "copy") as copy:
                     tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
+            mkdir.assert_called_once_with(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
             copy.assert_called_once_with(Path(src), Path(dst))
         else:
             with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
                 tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
             assert str(e.value) == "Support for scheme 'foo' not implemented"
-    mkdir.assert_called_once_with(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
 
 
 def test_tasks_symlink_simple(tmp_path):
diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index 1bf21f514..73ebf77d6 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -90,15 +90,16 @@ def filecopy(src: Union[Path, str], dst: Union[Path, str]):
     yield "Copy %s -> %s" % (src, dst)
     yield asset(Path(dst), Path(dst).is_file)
     dst = Path(dst)  # currently no support for remote destinations
-    dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     scheme = urlparse(str(src)).scheme
     if scheme in SCHEMES.local:
         src = Path(src)
         yield file(src)
+        dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         copy(src, dst)
     elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
         src = str(src)
         yield existing(src)
+        dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         response = requests.get(src, allow_redirects=True, timeout=3)
         if (code := response.status_code) == 200:
             with open(dst, "wb") as f:

From e8738346292aedc2a66847f46035e4ed582840f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 17:28:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 26/34] Doc fixes

---
 docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst
index edd06c5c6..153404e98 100644
--- a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/tools/fs.rst
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Source paths prefixed with ``http://`` or ``https://`` will be copied from their
 Examples
 ^^^^^^^^
 
-Given ``copy-config.yaml`` containing a mapping from local-filesystem destination paths to source paths.
+Given ``copy-config.yaml`` containing a mapping from local-filesystem destination paths to source paths
 
 .. literalinclude:: fs/copy-config.yaml
    :language: yaml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Given ``copy-config.yaml`` containing a mapping from local-filesystem destinatio
 .. literalinclude:: fs/copy-exec.out
    :language: text
 
-Here, ``foo`` and ``bar`` are copies of their respective local-filesystem source files, and ``gpl`` is a copy of the upstream network source of the GNU General Public License.
+Here, ``foo`` and ``bar`` are copies of their respective local-filesystem source files, and ``gpl`` is a copy of the upstream network source.
 
 The ``--cycle`` and ``--leadtime`` options can be used to make Python ``datetime`` and ``timedelta`` objects, respectively, available for use in Jinja2 expression in the config. For example:
 

From ada3aa733d9f06832f65375b8eb8b40c194fba1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 17:44:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 27/34] Update

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index c2e11f5b2..1e1bf58ad 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def _check_destination_paths(self) -> None:
         """
         for dst in self._dst_paths:
             scheme = urlparse(dst).scheme
-            absolute = Path(dst).is_absolute()
+            absolute = scheme or Path(dst).is_absolute()
             if scheme and scheme != "file":
                 msg = "Non-filesystem destination path '%s' not currently supported"
                 raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)

From 7316d6097f5fcdb1804897f7a7c2c62c0c683ecb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 17:48:52 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 28/34] Use STR for "file" URL scheme string

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py      | 8 +++++---
 src/uwtools/strings.py | 1 +
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 1e1bf58ad..008b3cd03 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def _check_destination_paths(self) -> None:
         for dst in self._dst_paths:
             scheme = urlparse(dst).scheme
             absolute = scheme or Path(dst).is_absolute()
-            if scheme and scheme != "file":
+            if scheme and scheme != STR.url_scheme_file:
                 msg = "Non-filesystem destination path '%s' not currently supported"
                 raise UWConfigError(msg % dst)
             if self._target_dir and scheme:
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def _check_target_dir(self) -> None:
         if (
             self._target_dir
             and (scheme := urlparse(str(self._target_dir)).scheme)
-            and scheme != "file"
+            and scheme != STR.url_scheme_file
         ):
             msg = "Non-filesystem path '%s' invalid as target directory"
             raise UWConfigError(msg % self._target_dir)
@@ -174,7 +174,9 @@ def go(self):
         for dst, src in self._config.items():
             dst = Path((self._target_dir or "")) / dst
             info = {x: urlparse(str(x)) for x in (dst, src)}
-            dst, src = [info[x].path if info[x].scheme == "file" else x for x in (dst, src)]
+            dst, src = [
+                info[x].path if info[x].scheme == STR.url_scheme_file else x for x in (dst, src)
+            ]
             reqs.append(filecopy(src=src, dst=dst))
         yield reqs
 
diff --git a/src/uwtools/strings.py b/src/uwtools/strings.py
index 234ef728a..fa4a71d81 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/strings.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/strings.py
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ class STR:
     updatefmt: str = "update_format"
     updatevalues: str = "update_values"
     upp: str = "upp"
+    url_scheme_file: str = "file"
     validate: str = "validate"
     valsfile: str = "values_file"
     valsfmt: str = "values_format"

From f9a0fb26b425ded84b7c125d62185aa415b821eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 18:20:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 29/34] Simplify

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py            | 22 +++++++++++++---------
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 14 +++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 008b3cd03..404204624 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -170,15 +170,19 @@ def go(self):
         Copy files.
         """
         yield "File copies"
-        reqs = []
-        for dst, src in self._config.items():
-            dst = Path((self._target_dir or "")) / dst
-            info = {x: urlparse(str(x)) for x in (dst, src)}
-            dst, src = [
-                info[x].path if info[x].scheme == STR.url_scheme_file else x for x in (dst, src)
-            ]
-            reqs.append(filecopy(src=src, dst=dst))
-        yield reqs
+        yield [
+            filecopy(src=self._local(src), dst=self._local(self._target_dir) / self._local(dst))
+            for dst, src in self._config.items()
+        ]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _local(path: Union[Path, str]) -> Path:
+        """
+        Convert a path, potentially prefixed with scheme file://, into a simple path.
+
+        :param path: The path to convert.
+        """
+        return Path(urlparse(str(path)).path)
 
 
 class Linker(FileStager):
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index 4246fb463..c8654df35 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # pylint: disable=protected-access
 # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
 
+from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 import iotaa
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ def _schema(self):
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
-def test_fs_Copier(assets, source):
+def test_fs_Copier_go(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets
     config = cfgdict if source == "dict" else cfgfile
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ def test_fs_Copier(assets, source):
     assert (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").is_file()
 
 
-def test_fs_Copier_config_file_dry_run(assets):
+def test_fs_Copier_go_config_file_dry_run(assets):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()
     assert not (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").exists()
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ def test_fs_Copier_config_file_dry_run(assets):
     iotaa.dryrun(False)
 
 
-def test_fs_Copier_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
+def test_fs_Copier_go_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     old = cfgdict["a"]["b"]
     cfgdict = {str(dstdir / "foo"): old["foo"], str(dstdir / "bar"): old["subdir/bar"]}
@@ -80,6 +81,13 @@ def test_fs_Copier_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
     assert all(asset.ready() for asset in assets)  # type: ignore
 
 
+def test_fs_Copier__local():
+    assert fs.Copier._local("relative/path") == Path("relative/path")
+    assert fs.Copier._local("/absolute/path") == Path("/absolute/path")
+    assert fs.Copier._local("file:///absolute/path") == Path("/absolute/path")
+    assert fs.Copier._local("") == Path("")
+
+
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
 def test_fs_FilerStager(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets

From ae394382d083771013dc275ec66a4268a937c202 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2024 18:22:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 30/34] Rename

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py            |  6 +++---
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 10 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index 404204624..a9dee3464 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -171,14 +171,14 @@ def go(self):
         """
         yield "File copies"
         yield [
-            filecopy(src=self._local(src), dst=self._local(self._target_dir) / self._local(dst))
+            filecopy(src=self._simple(src), dst=self._simple(self._target_dir) / self._simple(dst))
             for dst, src in self._config.items()
         ]
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _local(path: Union[Path, str]) -> Path:
+    def _simple(path: Union[Path, str]) -> Path:
         """
-        Convert a path, potentially prefixed with scheme file://, into a simple path.
+        Convert a path, potentially prefixed with scheme file://, into a simple filesystem path.
 
         :param path: The path to convert.
         """
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index c8654df35..30b5c77d5 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -81,11 +81,11 @@ def test_fs_Copier_go_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
     assert all(asset.ready() for asset in assets)  # type: ignore
 
 
-def test_fs_Copier__local():
-    assert fs.Copier._local("relative/path") == Path("relative/path")
-    assert fs.Copier._local("/absolute/path") == Path("/absolute/path")
-    assert fs.Copier._local("file:///absolute/path") == Path("/absolute/path")
-    assert fs.Copier._local("") == Path("")
+def test_fs_Copier__simple():
+    assert fs.Copier._simple("relative/path") == Path("relative/path")
+    assert fs.Copier._simple("/absolute/path") == Path("/absolute/path")
+    assert fs.Copier._simple("file:///absolute/path") == Path("/absolute/path")
+    assert fs.Copier._simple("") == Path("")
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))

From ac7a90f5c7a7c5dd3768839ee8a0740b99a739bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2024 01:24:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 31/34] Fix test

---
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index 352c38fd4..535d06155 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def test_Copier_no_targetdir_relpath_fail(assets):
     _, cfgdict, _ = assets
     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
         fs.Copier(config=cfgdict, key_path=["a", "b"]).go()
-    errmsg = "Relative path '%s' requires the target directory to be specified"
+    errmsg = "Relative path '%s' requires target directory to be specified"
     assert errmsg % "foo" in str(e.value)
 
 

From 3a74abe91e358ec56c0b07c6466bebebf2f6517d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2024 04:34:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 32/34] More tests

---
 src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++------
 src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py            | 40 ++++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
index f6bbd2162..1fe044bb4 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_tasks.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access
 
 import logging
 import os
 import stat
 from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Union
 from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 from iotaa import asset, external
@@ -105,17 +106,21 @@ def test_tasks_existing_bad_scheme():
     path = "foo://bucket/a/b"
     with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
         tasks.existing(path=path)
-    assert str(e.value) == "Support for scheme 'foo' not implemented"
+    assert str(e.value) == f"Scheme 'foo' in '{path}' not supported"
 
 
-def test_tasks_file_missing(tmp_path):
+@mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
+def test_tasks_file_missing(prefix, tmp_path):
     path = tmp_path / "file"
+    path = "%s%s" % (prefix, path) if prefix else path
     assert not ready(tasks.file(path=path))
 
 
-def test_tasks_file_present(tmp_path):
+@mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
+def test_tasks_file_present(prefix, tmp_path):
     path = tmp_path / "file"
     path.touch()
+    path = "%s%s" % (prefix, path) if prefix else path
     assert ready(tasks.file(path=path))
 
 
@@ -165,26 +170,52 @@ def test_tasks_filecopy_source_local(src, ok):
                 with patch.object(tasks, "copy") as copy:
                     tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
             mkdir.assert_called_once_with(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-            copy.assert_called_once_with(Path(src), Path(dst))
+            copy.assert_called_once_with(Path("/src/file"), Path(dst))
         else:
             with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
                 tasks.filecopy(src=src, dst=dst)
-            assert str(e.value) == "Support for scheme 'foo' not implemented"
+            assert str(e.value) == f"Scheme 'foo' in '{src}' not supported"
 
 
-def test_tasks_symlink_simple(tmp_path):
+@mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
+def test_tasks_symlink_simple(prefix, tmp_path):
     target = tmp_path / "target"
     link = tmp_path / "link"
     target.touch()
     assert not link.is_file()
-    tasks.symlink(target=target, linkname=link)
+    t2, l2 = ["%s%s" % (prefix, x) if prefix else x for x in (target, link)]
+    tasks.symlink(target=t2, linkname=l2)
     assert link.is_symlink()
 
 
-def test_tasks_symlink_directory_hierarchy(tmp_path):
+@mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
+def test_tasks_symlink_directory_hierarchy(prefix, tmp_path):
     target = tmp_path / "target"
     link = tmp_path / "foo" / "bar" / "link"
     target.touch()
     assert not link.is_file()
-    tasks.symlink(target=target, linkname=link)
+    t2, l2 = ["%s%s" % (prefix, x) if prefix else x for x in (target, link)]
+    tasks.symlink(target=t2, linkname=l2)
     assert link.is_symlink()
+
+
+def test__bad_scheme():
+    path = "foo://bucket/a/b"
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        tasks.existing(path=path)
+    assert str(e.value) == f"Scheme 'foo' in '{path}' not supported"
+
+
+def test__local_path_fail():
+    path = "foo://bucket/a/b"
+    with patch.object(tasks, "_bad_scheme") as _bad_scheme:
+        tasks._local_path(path)
+    _bad_scheme.assert_called_once_with(path, "foo")
+
+
+@mark.parametrize("prefix", ["", "file://"])
+@mark.parametrize("wrapper", [str, Path])
+def test__local_path_pass(prefix, wrapper):
+    path = "/some/file"
+    p2: Union[str, Path] = str(f"{prefix}{path}") if wrapper == str else Path(path)
+    assert tasks._local_path(p2) == Path(path)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
index 73ebf77d6..de66e3c9b 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/tasks.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def existing(path: Union[Path, str]):
     info = urlparse(str(path))
     scheme = info.scheme
     if scheme in SCHEMES.local:
-        path = Path(info.path if scheme == "file" else path)
+        path = _local_path(path)
         yield "Filesystem item %s" % path
         yield asset(path, path.exists)
     elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
@@ -62,17 +62,18 @@ def existing(path: Union[Path, str]):
         yield "Remote object %s" % path
         yield asset(path, ready)
     else:
-        _bad_scheme(scheme)
+        _bad_scheme(path, scheme)
 
 
 @external
-def file(path: Path, context: str = ""):
+def file(path: Union[Path, str], context: str = ""):
     """
     An existing file or symlink to an existing file.
 
     :param path: Path to the file.
     :param context: Optional additional context for the file.
     """
+    path = _local_path(path)
     suffix = f" ({context})" if context else ""
     yield "File %s%s" % (path, suffix)
     yield asset(path, path.is_file)
@@ -89,14 +90,14 @@ def filecopy(src: Union[Path, str], dst: Union[Path, str]):
     """
     yield "Copy %s -> %s" % (src, dst)
     yield asset(Path(dst), Path(dst).is_file)
-    dst = Path(dst)  # currently no support for remote destinations
-    scheme = urlparse(str(src)).scheme
-    if scheme in SCHEMES.local:
-        src = Path(src)
+    dst = _local_path(dst)  # currently no support for remote destinations
+    src_scheme = urlparse(str(src)).scheme
+    if src_scheme in SCHEMES.local:
+        src = _local_path(src)
         yield file(src)
         dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         copy(src, dst)
-    elif scheme in SCHEMES.http:
+    elif src_scheme in SCHEMES.http:
         src = str(src)
         yield existing(src)
         dst.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
@@ -107,17 +108,18 @@ def filecopy(src: Union[Path, str], dst: Union[Path, str]):
         else:
             log.error("Could not get '%s', HTTP status was: %s", src, code)
     else:
-        _bad_scheme(scheme)
+        _bad_scheme(src, src_scheme)
 
 
 @task
-def symlink(target: Path, linkname: Path):
+def symlink(target: Union[Path, str], linkname: Union[Path, str]):
     """
     A symbolic link.
 
     :param target: The existing file or directory.
     :param linkname: The symlink to create.
     """
+    target, linkname = map(_local_path, [target, linkname])
     yield "Link %s -> %s" % (linkname, target)
     yield asset(linkname, linkname.exists)
     yield existing(target)
@@ -131,11 +133,25 @@ def symlink(target: Path, linkname: Path):
 # Private helpers
 
 
-def _bad_scheme(scheme: str) -> NoReturn:
+def _bad_scheme(path: Union[Path, str], scheme: str) -> NoReturn:
     """
     Fail on an unsupported URL scheme.
 
+    :param path: The path with a bad scheme.
     :param scheme: The scheme.
     :raises: UWConfigError.
     """
-    raise UWConfigError(f"Support for scheme '{scheme}' not implemented")
+    raise UWConfigError(f"Scheme '{scheme}' in '{path}' not supported")
+
+
+def _local_path(path: Union[Path, str]) -> Path:
+    """
+    Ensure path is local and return simple version.
+
+    :param path: The local path to check.
+    :raises: UWConfigError if a non-local scheme is specified.
+    """
+    info = urlparse(str(path))
+    if info.scheme and info.scheme not in SCHEMES.local:
+        _bad_scheme(path, info.scheme)
+    return Path(info.path)

From d0ecc19ebe5b265269750a27648cb8f2bd010f49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2024 04:38:58 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 33/34] Fix

---
 src/uwtools/fs.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/fs.py b/src/uwtools/fs.py
index aeb3ba8f0..f7d214a49 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/fs.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def go(self):
         """
         yield "File copies"
         yield [
-            filecopy(src=self._simple(src), dst=self._simple(self._target_dir) / self._simple(dst))
+            filecopy(src=src, dst=self._simple(self._target_dir) / self._simple(dst))
             for dst, src in self._config.items()
         ]
 

From a05d302fb909874fd7b0c6cb51722ae813dfc9cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Madden <paul.madden@noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2024 05:00:09 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 34/34] More tests

---
 src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py | 19 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
index 535d06155..227c52764 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_fs.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
 
 from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import Mock
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
 
 import iotaa
 import yaml
@@ -52,8 +52,19 @@ def _schema(self):
 # Tests
 
 
+@mark.parametrize("src_fn", [str, Path])
+@mark.parametrize("dst_fn", [str, Path])
+@mark.parametrize("td_fn", [str, Path])
+def test_fs_Copier_go(src_fn, dst_fn, td_fn):
+    src, td, dst = src_fn("/src/file"), td_fn("/dst"), dst_fn("file")
+    obj = Mock(_config={dst: src}, _simple=fs.Copier._simple, _target_dir=td)
+    with patch.object(fs, "filecopy") as filecopy:
+        fs.Copier.go(obj)
+    filecopy.assert_called_once_with(src=src, dst=Path("/dst/file"))
+
+
 @mark.parametrize("source", ("dict", "file"))
-def test_fs_Copier_go(assets, source):
+def test_fs_Copier_go_live(assets, source):
     dstdir, cfgdict, cfgfile = assets
     config = cfgdict if source == "dict" else cfgfile
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()
@@ -63,7 +74,7 @@ def test_fs_Copier_go(assets, source):
     assert (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").is_file()
 
 
-def test_fs_Copier_go_config_file_dry_run(assets):
+def test_fs_Copier_go_live_config_file_dry_run(assets):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     assert not (dstdir / "foo").exists()
     assert not (dstdir / "subdir" / "bar").exists()
@@ -73,7 +84,7 @@ def test_fs_Copier_go_config_file_dry_run(assets):
     iotaa.dryrun(False)
 
 
-def test_fs_Copier_go_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
+def test_fs_Copier_go_live_no_targetdir_abspath_pass(assets):
     dstdir, cfgdict, _ = assets
     old = cfgdict["a"]["b"]
     cfgdict = {str(dstdir / "foo"): old["foo"], str(dstdir / "bar"): old["subdir/bar"]}