diff --git a/src/v/cloud_storage/cache_service.cc b/src/v/cloud_storage/cache_service.cc
index b676386c5c8c1..d253097bec318 100644
--- a/src/v/cloud_storage/cache_service.cc
+++ b/src/v/cloud_storage/cache_service.cc
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <seastar/util/defer.hh>
 
 #include <cloud_storage/cache_service.h>
+#include <re2/re2.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <exception>
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
+namespace {
+// Matches log segments optionally containing a numeric term suffix
+const re2::RE2 segment_expr{R"#(.*\.log(\.\d+)?)#"};
+} // namespace
+
 namespace cloud_storage {
 
 static constexpr auto access_timer_period = 60s;
@@ -568,7 +574,7 @@ ss::future<cache::trim_result> cache::trim_fast(
             std::optional<std::string> tx_file;
             std::optional<std::string> index_file;
 
-            if (std::string_view(file_stat.path).ends_with(".log")) {
+            if (RE2::FullMatch(file_stat.path.data(), segment_expr)) {
                 // If this was a legacy whole-segment item, delete the index
                 // and tx file along with the segment
                 tx_file = fmt::format("{}.tx", file_stat.path);
diff --git a/src/v/cloud_storage/tests/cache_test.cc b/src/v/cloud_storage/tests/cache_test.cc
index 71ea2526565f3..fa84f4eb6ee9d 100644
--- a/src/v/cloud_storage/tests/cache_test.cc
+++ b/src/v/cloud_storage/tests/cache_test.cc
@@ -500,3 +500,41 @@ FIXTURE_TEST(test_exhaustive_trim_runs_after_fast_trim, cache_test_fixture) {
           return !std::filesystem::exists(path);
       }));
 }
+
+FIXTURE_TEST(test_log_segment_cleanup, cache_test_fixture) {
+    std::vector<std::filesystem::path> objects{
+      CACHE_DIR / "test.log.1",
+      CACHE_DIR / "test.log.1.index",
+      CACHE_DIR / "test.log.1.tx",
+      CACHE_DIR / "test.log",
+      CACHE_DIR / "test.log.index",
+      CACHE_DIR / "test.log.tx"};
+    for (const auto& obj : objects) {
+        std::ofstream f{obj};
+        f.flush();
+    }
+
+    // An un-removable file makes sure the fast trim will have to remove the two
+    // segment files.
+    {
+        std::ofstream f{CACHE_DIR / "accesstime"};
+        f.flush();
+    }
+
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(
+      std::all_of(objects.cbegin(), objects.cend(), [](const auto& path) {
+          return std::filesystem::exists(path);
+      }));
+
+    clean_up_at_start().get();
+
+    // With this limit all of the index+tx files should not have to be removed,
+    // but fast trim will remove all of these files after removing the two
+    // segments.
+    trim_cache(std::nullopt, 4);
+
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(
+      std::all_of(objects.cbegin(), objects.cend(), [](const auto& path) {
+          return !std::filesystem::exists(path);
+      }));
+}