diff --git a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/loaders/next-flight-loader/index.ts b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/loaders/next-flight-loader/index.ts
index fceaf9add3d04..897f86b6ff7e8 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/loaders/next-flight-loader/index.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/loaders/next-flight-loader/index.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import { RSC_MOD_REF_PROXY_ALIAS } from '../../../../lib/constants'
-import { RSC_MODULE_TYPES } from '../../../../shared/lib/constants'
+import {
+  BARREL_OPTIMIZATION_PREFIX,
+  RSC_MODULE_TYPES,
+} from '../../../../shared/lib/constants'
 import { warnOnce } from '../../../../shared/lib/utils/warn-once'
 import { getRSCModuleInformation } from '../../../analysis/get-page-static-info'
+import { formatBarrelOptimizedResource } from '../../utils'
 import { getModuleBuildInfo } from '../get-module-build-info'
 
 const noopHeadPath = require.resolve('next/dist/client/components/noop-head')
@@ -24,6 +28,26 @@ export default function transformSource(
   const buildInfo = getModuleBuildInfo(this._module)
   buildInfo.rsc = getRSCModuleInformation(source, true)
 
+  // Resource key is the unique identifier for the resource. When RSC renders
+  // a client module, that key is used to identify that module across all compiler
+  // layers.
+  //
+  // Usually it's the module's file path + the export name (e.g. `foo.js#bar`).
+  // But with Barrel Optimizations, one file can be splitted into multiple modules,
+  // so when you import `foo.js#bar` and `foo.js#baz`, they are actually different
+  // "foo.js" being created by the Barrel Loader (one only exports `bar`, the other
+  // only exports `baz`).
+  //
+  // Because of that, we must add another query param to the resource key to
+  // differentiate them.
+  let resourceKey: string = this.resourcePath
+  if (this._module?.matchResource?.startsWith(BARREL_OPTIMIZATION_PREFIX)) {
+    resourceKey = formatBarrelOptimizedResource(
+      resourceKey,
+      this._module.matchResource
+    )
+  }
+
   // A client boundary.
   if (buildInfo.rsc?.type === RSC_MODULE_TYPES.client) {
     const sourceType = this._module?.parser?.sourceType
@@ -61,7 +85,7 @@ export default function transformSource(
 
       let esmSource = `\
 import { createProxy } from "${MODULE_PROXY_PATH}"
-const proxy = createProxy(String.raw\`${this.resourcePath}\`)
+const proxy = createProxy(String.raw\`${resourceKey}\`)
 
 // Accessing the __esModule property and exporting $$typeof are required here.
 // The __esModule getter forces the proxy target to create the default export
@@ -73,14 +97,14 @@ const __default__ = proxy.default;
       let cnt = 0
       for (const ref of clientRefs) {
         if (ref === '') {
-          esmSource += `\nexports[''] = createProxy(String.raw\`${this.resourcePath}#\`);`
+          esmSource += `\nexports[''] = createProxy(String.raw\`${resourceKey}#\`);`
         } else if (ref === 'default') {
           esmSource += `
 export { __esModule, $$typeof };
 export default __default__;`
         } else {
           esmSource += `
-const e${cnt} = createProxy(String.raw\`${this.resourcePath}#${ref}\`);
+const e${cnt} = createProxy(String.raw\`${resourceKey}#${ref}\`);
 export { e${cnt++} as ${ref} };`
         }
       }
diff --git a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/flight-client-entry-plugin.ts b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/flight-client-entry-plugin.ts
index 222414c52a10d..360f01a9612a6 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/flight-client-entry-plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/flight-client-entry-plugin.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ import {
   isCSSMod,
   regexCSS,
 } from '../loaders/utils'
-import { traverseModules, forEachEntryModule } from '../utils'
+import {
+  traverseModules,
+  forEachEntryModule,
+  formatBarrelOptimizedResource,
+} from '../utils'
 import { normalizePathSep } from '../../../shared/lib/page-path/normalize-path-sep'
 import { getProxiedPluginState } from '../../build-context'
 import { generateRandomActionKeyRaw } from '../../../server/app-render/action-encryption-utils'
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ export class FlightClientEntryPlugin {
         // so it's only necessary to add it for matchResource or mod.resourceResolveData
         const modResource = modPath
           ? modPath.startsWith(BARREL_OPTIMIZATION_PREFIX)
-            ? mod.resource
+            ? formatBarrelOptimizedResource(mod.resource, modPath)
             : modPath + modQuery
           : mod.resource
 
diff --git a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/flight-manifest-plugin.ts b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/flight-manifest-plugin.ts
index 8f0879241e62f..f9af3cd2d4626 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/flight-manifest-plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/plugins/flight-manifest-plugin.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import path from 'path'
 import { webpack, sources } from 'next/dist/compiled/webpack/webpack'
 import {
+  BARREL_OPTIMIZATION_PREFIX,
   CLIENT_REFERENCE_MANIFEST,
   SYSTEM_ENTRYPOINTS,
 } from '../../../shared/lib/constants'
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import { WEBPACK_LAYERS } from '../../../lib/constants'
 import { normalizePagePath } from '../../../shared/lib/page-path/normalize-page-path'
 import { CLIENT_STATIC_FILES_RUNTIME_MAIN_APP } from '../../../shared/lib/constants'
 import { getDeploymentIdQueryOrEmptyString } from '../../deployment-id'
+import { formatBarrelOptimizedResource } from '../utils'
 
 interface Options {
   dev: boolean
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@ export class ClientReferenceManifestPlugin {
           return
         }
 
-        const resource =
+        let resource =
           mod.type === 'css/mini-extract'
             ? // @ts-expect-error TODO: use `identifier()` instead.
               mod._identifier.slice(mod._identifier.lastIndexOf('!') + 1)
@@ -313,6 +315,18 @@ export class ClientReferenceManifestPlugin {
             )
           : null
 
+        // An extra query param is added to the resource key when it's optimized
+        // through the Barrel Loader. That's because the same file might be created
+        // as multiple modules (depending on what you import from it).
+        // See also: webpack/loaders/next-flight-loader/index.ts.
+        if (mod.matchResource?.startsWith(BARREL_OPTIMIZATION_PREFIX)) {
+          ssrNamedModuleId = formatBarrelOptimizedResource(
+            ssrNamedModuleId,
+            mod.matchResource
+          )
+          resource = formatBarrelOptimizedResource(resource, mod.matchResource)
+        }
+
         function addClientReference() {
           const exportName = resource
           manifest.clientModules[exportName] = {
diff --git a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/utils.ts b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/utils.ts
index 95aa01b18bc23..dbc0fa1ccf24f 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/build/webpack/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/build/webpack/utils.ts
@@ -77,3 +77,10 @@ export function forEachEntryModule(
     callback({ name, entryModule })
   }
 }
+
+export function formatBarrelOptimizedResource(
+  resource: string,
+  matchResource: string
+) {
+  return `${resource}@${matchResource}`
+}
diff --git a/test/development/basic/barrel-optimization/barrel-optimization.test.ts b/test/development/basic/barrel-optimization/barrel-optimization.test.ts
index 6fb86c5861381..b20179e489cd5 100644
--- a/test/development/basic/barrel-optimization/barrel-optimization.test.ts
+++ b/test/development/basic/barrel-optimization/barrel-optimization.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { join } from 'path'
 import { createNextDescribe } from 'e2e-utils'
-import { shouldRunTurboDevTest } from 'next-test-utils'
+import { hasRedbox, shouldRunTurboDevTest } from 'next-test-utils'
 
 createNextDescribe(
   'optimizePackageImports',
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ createNextDescribe(
       '@heroicons/react': '2.0.18',
       '@visx/visx': '3.3.0',
       'recursive-barrel': '1.0.0',
-      '@mui/material': '5.14.19',
+      '@mui/material': '5.15.4',
       '@emotion/styled': '11.11.0',
       '@emotion/react': '11.11.1',
     },
@@ -137,8 +137,12 @@ createNextDescribe(
       })
 
       // Ensure that MUI is working
-      const html = await next.render('/mui')
-      expect(html).toContain('test_mui')
+      const $ = await next.render$('/mui')
+      expect(await $('#button').text()).toContain('button')
+      expect(await $('#typography').text()).toContain('typography')
+
+      const browser = await next.browser('/mui')
+      expect(await hasRedbox(browser)).toBe(false)
 
       const modules = [...logs.matchAll(/\((\d+) modules\)/g)]
       expect(modules.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
diff --git a/test/development/basic/barrel-optimization/fixture/app/mui/page.js b/test/development/basic/barrel-optimization/fixture/app/mui/page.js
index 0a1913f8709b4..4a60ac62638c7 100644
--- a/test/development/basic/barrel-optimization/fixture/app/mui/page.js
+++ b/test/development/basic/barrel-optimization/fixture/app/mui/page.js
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 import { Button } from '@mui/material'
+import { Typography } from '@mui/material'
 
 export default function Page() {
-  return <Button>test_mui</Button>
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <Button id="button">button</Button>
+      <Typography id="typography" variant="h1">
+        typography
+      </Typography>
+    </div>
+  )
 }