diff --git a/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts b/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts
index 7ad6f90be46e0..225fc3196d7b3 100644
--- a/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts
+++ b/packages/next/src/server/image-optimizer.ts
@@ -187,6 +187,22 @@ export class ImageOptimizerCache {
       return { errorMessage: '"url" parameter cannot be an array' }
     }
 
+    if (url.length > 3072) {
+      return { errorMessage: '"url" parameter is too long' }
+    }
+
+    if (url.startsWith('//')) {
+      return {
+        errorMessage: '"url" parameter cannot be a protocol-relative URL (//)',
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (url.startsWith('/_next/image')) {
+      return {
+        errorMessage: '"url" parameter cannot be recursive',
+      }
+    }
+
     let isAbsolute: boolean
 
     if (url.startsWith('/')) {
diff --git a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts
index 393930d1c6b13..f1fd063f837c0 100644
--- a/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts
+++ b/test/integration/image-optimizer/test/util.ts
@@ -863,6 +863,29 @@ export function runTests(ctx) {
     expect(await res.text()).toBe(`"url" parameter is invalid`)
   })
 
+  it('should fail when url is too long', async () => {
+    const query = { url: `/${'a'.repeat(4000)}`, w: ctx.w, q: 1 }
+    const res = await fetchViaHTTP(ctx.appPort, '/_next/image', query, {})
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400)
+    expect(await res.text()).toBe(`"url" parameter is too long`)
+  })
+
+  it('should fail when url is protocol relative', async () => {
+    const query = { url: `//example.com`, w: ctx.w, q: 1 }
+    const res = await fetchViaHTTP(ctx.appPort, '/_next/image', query, {})
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400)
+    expect(await res.text()).toBe(
+      `"url" parameter cannot be a protocol-relative URL (//)`
+    )
+  })
+
+  it('should fail when url is recursive', async () => {
+    const query = { url: `/_next/image?url=test.pngw=1&q=1`, w: ctx.w, q: 1 }
+    const res = await fetchViaHTTP(ctx.appPort, '/_next/image', query, {})
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400)
+    expect(await res.text()).toBe(`"url" parameter cannot be recursive`)
+  })
+
   it('should fail when internal url is not an image', async () => {
     const url = `//<h1>not-an-image</h1>`
     const query = { url, w: ctx.w, q: 39 }