diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/index.ts
index 88931d85800ef2..5aaff7552740ba 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/index.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export {
   createRunnableDevEnvironment,
   isRunnableDevEnvironment,
   type RunnableDevEnvironment,
+  type RunnableDevEnvironmentContext,
 } from './server/environments/runnableEnvironment'
 export {
   DevEnvironment,
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/environments/runnableEnvironment.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/environments/runnableEnvironment.ts
index f0c90710900341..58eb0a52b8f2c3 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/environments/runnableEnvironment.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/environments/runnableEnvironment.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { createServerModuleRunner } from '../../ssr/runtime/serverModuleRunner'
 export function createRunnableDevEnvironment(
   name: string,
   config: ResolvedConfig,
-  context: DevEnvironmentContext,
+  context: RunnableDevEnvironmentContext,
 ): DevEnvironment {
   if (context.hot == null) {
     throw new Error(
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export function createRunnableDevEnvironment(
 }
 
 export interface RunnableDevEnvironmentContext extends DevEnvironmentContext {
-  runner?: ModuleRunner
+  runner?: (environment: RunnableDevEnvironment) => ModuleRunner
 }
 
 export function isRunnableDevEnvironment(
@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ class RunnableDevEnvironment extends DevEnvironment {
     context: RunnableDevEnvironmentContext,
   ) {
     super(name, config, context)
-    this.runner = context.runner || createServerModuleRunner(this)
+    this.runner = context.runner
+      ? context.runner(this)
+      : createServerModuleRunner(this)
   }
 
   import<T = any>(url: string): Promise<T> {
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/server-worker-runner.spec.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/server-worker-runner.spec.ts
index d756d57273bbf4..e58520a32ecba1 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/server-worker-runner.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/ssr/runtime/__tests__/server-worker-runner.spec.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ describe('running module runner inside a worker', () => {
           dev: {
             createEnvironment: (name, config) => {
               return new DevEnvironment(name, config, {
-                runner: {
+                runnerOptions: {
                   transport: new RemoteEnvironmentTransport({
                     send: (data) => worker.postMessage(data),
                     onMessage: (handler) => worker.on('message', handler),
diff --git a/playground/hmr-ssr/__tests__/hmr-ssr.spec.ts b/playground/hmr-ssr/__tests__/hmr-ssr.spec.ts
index b71d77289158ca..f6684242a2ea81 100644
--- a/playground/hmr-ssr/__tests__/hmr-ssr.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/hmr-ssr/__tests__/hmr-ssr.spec.ts
@@ -10,8 +10,13 @@ import {
   test,
   vi,
 } from 'vitest'
-import type { InlineConfig, ViteDevServer } from 'vite'
-import { createServer, createServerModuleRunner } from 'vite'
+import type { InlineConfig, RunnableDevEnvironment, ViteDevServer } from 'vite'
+import {
+  createRunnableDevEnvironment,
+  createServer,
+  createServerHotChannel,
+  createServerModuleRunner,
+} from 'vite'
 import type { ModuleRunner } from 'vite/module-runner'
 import {
   addFile,
@@ -1036,6 +1041,10 @@ async function setupModuleRunner(
 
   globalThis.__HMR__ = initHmrState as any
 
+  const logger = new HMRMockLogger()
+  // @ts-expect-error not typed for HMR
+  globalThis.log = (...msg) => logger.log(...msg)
+
   server = await createServer({
     configFile: resolve(testDir, 'vite.config.ts'),
     root: testDir,
@@ -1053,6 +1062,19 @@ async function setupModuleRunner(
       },
       preTransformRequests: false,
     },
+    environments: {
+      ssr: {
+        dev: {
+          createEnvironment(name, config) {
+            return createRunnableDevEnvironment(name, config, {
+              runner: (env) =>
+                createServerModuleRunner(env, { hmr: { logger } }),
+              hot: createServerHotChannel(),
+            })
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    },
     optimizeDeps: {
       disabled: true,
       noDiscovery: true,
@@ -1061,15 +1083,7 @@ async function setupModuleRunner(
     ...serverOptions,
   })
 
-  const logger = new HMRMockLogger()
-  // @ts-expect-error not typed for HMR
-  globalThis.log = (...msg) => logger.log(...msg)
-
-  runner = createServerModuleRunner(server.environments.ssr, {
-    hmr: {
-      logger,
-    },
-  })
+  runner = (server.environments.ssr as RunnableDevEnvironment).runner
 
   await waitForWatcher(server, waitForFile)