diff --git a/packages/playground/ssr/__tests__/ssr.spec.ts b/packages/playground/ssr/__tests__/ssr.spec.ts
index 7c3d263ed37d03..027fef090b3395 100644
--- a/packages/playground/ssr/__tests__/ssr.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/playground/ssr/__tests__/ssr.spec.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { getColor, isBuild, untilUpdated } from '../../testUtils'
+import { editFile, getColor, isBuild, untilUpdated } from '../../testUtils'
 import { port } from './serve'
 import fetch from 'node-fetch'
 
@@ -62,6 +62,13 @@ describe('Vue', () => {
     await page.click('button')
     expect(await page.textContent('button')).toBe('1')
   })
+
+  test('hmr', async () => {
+    editFile('src/vue/Async.vue', (code) =>
+      code.replace('Hello from Vue', 'changed')
+    )
+    await untilUpdated(() => page.textContent('h1'), 'changed')
+  })
 })
 
 describe('React', () => {
@@ -82,4 +89,11 @@ describe('React', () => {
       )
     ).toBe(true)
   })
+
+  test('hmr', async () => {
+    editFile('src/react/Child.jsx', (code) =>
+      code.replace('Hello from React', 'changed')
+    )
+    await untilUpdated(() => page.textContent('h1'), 'changed')
+  })
 })
diff --git a/packages/playground/ssr/server.js b/packages/playground/ssr/server.js
index 0d7a61ac779f13..68f70cb943ca50 100644
--- a/packages/playground/ssr/server.js
+++ b/packages/playground/ssr/server.js
@@ -20,24 +20,12 @@ async function createServer(
       require('./dist/client/ssr-manifest.json')
     : {}
 
-  function getIndexTemplate(url) {
+  function getIndexTemplate() {
     if (isProd) {
       return indexProd
     }
-
-    // TODO handle plugin indexHtmlTransforms?
-    const reactPreamble = url.startsWith('/react')
-      ? `<script type="module">${
-          require('@vitejs/plugin-react-refresh').preambleCode
-        }</script>`
-      : ''
-
     // during dev, inject vite client + always read fresh index.html
-    return (
-      `<script type="module" src="/@vite/client"></script>` +
-      reactPreamble +
-      fs.readFileSync(toAbsolute('index.html'), 'utf-8')
-    )
+    return fs.readFileSync(toAbsolute('index.html'), 'utf-8')
   }
 
   const app = express()
@@ -67,16 +55,22 @@ async function createServer(
 
   app.use('*', async (req, res, next) => {
     try {
+      const url = req.originalUrl
+      let template = getIndexTemplate()
+      if (!isProd) {
+        template = await vite.transformIndexHtml(url, template)
+      }
+
       const { render } = isProd
         ? // @ts-ignore
           require('./dist/server/entry-server.js')
         : await vite.ssrLoadModule('/src/entry-server.ts')
 
-      const [appHtml, preloadLinks] = await render(req.originalUrl, manifest)
+      const [appHtml, preloadLinks] = await render(url, manifest)
 
       const html = `
       ${preloadLinks}
-      ${getIndexTemplate(req.originalUrl).replace(`<!--ssr-outlet-->`, appHtml)}
+      ${template.replace(`<!--ssr-outlet-->`, appHtml)}
       `
 
       res.status(200).set({ 'Content-Type': 'text/html' }).end(html)
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
index 86826f40a680f3..47dd9dc03a9922 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ import { createWebSocketServer, WebSocketServer } from '../server/ws'
 import { baseMiddleware } from './middlewares/base'
 import { proxyMiddleware, ProxyOptions } from './middlewares/proxy'
 import { transformMiddleware } from './middlewares/transform'
-import { indexHtmlMiddleware } from './middlewares/indexHtml'
+import {
+  createDevHtmlTransformFn,
+  indexHtmlMiddleware
+} from './middlewares/indexHtml'
 import history from 'connect-history-api-fallback'
 import {
   serveRawFsMiddleware,
@@ -189,6 +192,10 @@ export interface ViteDevServer {
     url: string,
     options?: TransformOptions
   ): Promise<TransformResult | null>
+  /**
+   * Apply vite built-in HTML transforms and any plugin HTML transforms.
+   */
+  transformIndexHtml(url: string, html: string): Promise<string>
   /**
    * Util for transforming a file with esbuild.
    * Can be useful for certain plugins.
@@ -299,6 +306,7 @@ export async function createServer(
     transformRequest(url, options) {
       return transformRequest(url, server, options)
     },
+    transformIndexHtml: null as any,
     ssrLoadModule(url, options) {
       if (!server._ssrExternals) {
         server._ssrExternals = resolveSSRExternal(config)
@@ -329,6 +337,8 @@ export async function createServer(
     _pendingReload: null
   }
 
+  server.transformIndexHtml = createDevHtmlTransformFn(server)
+
   process.once('SIGTERM', async () => {
     try {
       await server.close()
@@ -438,7 +448,7 @@ export async function createServer(
 
   if (!middlewareMode) {
     // transform index.html
-    middlewares.use(indexHtmlMiddleware(server, plugins))
+    middlewares.use(indexHtmlMiddleware(server))
     // handle 404s
     middlewares.use((_, res) => {
       res.statusCode = 404
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/indexHtml.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/indexHtml.ts
index d28d90cb184bb1..15d25a9fdf0a0c 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/indexHtml.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/middlewares/indexHtml.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import path from 'path'
 import MagicString from 'magic-string'
 import { NodeTypes } from '@vue/compiler-dom'
 import { Connect } from 'types/connect'
-import { Plugin } from '../../plugin'
 import {
   applyHtmlTransforms,
   getScriptInfo,
@@ -14,9 +13,31 @@ import {
 import { ViteDevServer } from '../..'
 import { send } from '../send'
 import { CLIENT_PUBLIC_PATH, FS_PREFIX } from '../../constants'
-import { cleanUrl } from '../../utils'
+import { cleanUrl, fsPathFromId } from '../../utils'
 import { assetAttrsConfig } from '../../plugins/html'
 
+export function createDevHtmlTransformFn(server: ViteDevServer) {
+  const [preHooks, postHooks] = resolveHtmlTransforms(server.config.plugins)
+
+  return (url: string, html: string): Promise<string> => {
+    return applyHtmlTransforms(
+      html,
+      url,
+      getHtmlFilename(url, server),
+      [...preHooks, devHtmlHook, ...postHooks],
+      server
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+function getHtmlFilename(url: string, server: ViteDevServer) {
+  if (url.startsWith(FS_PREFIX)) {
+    return fsPathFromId(url)
+  } else {
+    return path.join(server.config.root, url.slice(1))
+  }
+}
+
 const devHtmlHook: IndexHtmlTransformHook = async (
   html,
   { path: htmlPath, server }
@@ -101,32 +122,17 @@ const devHtmlHook: IndexHtmlTransformHook = async (
 }
 
 export function indexHtmlMiddleware(
-  server: ViteDevServer,
-  plugins: readonly Plugin[]
+  server: ViteDevServer
 ): Connect.NextHandleFunction {
-  const [preHooks, postHooks] = resolveHtmlTransforms(plugins)
-
   return async (req, res, next) => {
     const url = req.url && cleanUrl(req.url)
     // spa-fallback always redirects to /index.html
     if (url?.endsWith('.html') && req.headers['sec-fetch-dest'] !== 'script') {
-      let filename
-      if (url.startsWith(FS_PREFIX)) {
-        filename = url.slice(FS_PREFIX.length)
-      } else {
-        filename = path.join(server.config.root, url.slice(1))
-      }
+      const filename = getHtmlFilename(url, server)
       if (fs.existsSync(filename)) {
         try {
           let html = fs.readFileSync(filename, 'utf-8')
-          // apply transforms
-          html = await applyHtmlTransforms(
-            html,
-            url,
-            filename,
-            [...preHooks, devHtmlHook, ...postHooks],
-            server
-          )
+          html = await server.transformIndexHtml(url, html)
           return send(req, res, html, 'html')
         } catch (e) {
           return next(e)