diff --git a/packages/core/src/build.ts b/packages/core/src/build.ts
index a4894f95b..d689cb65b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/build.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/build.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
-import type { RsbuildInstance } from '@rsbuild/core';
+import { type RsbuildInstance, createRsbuild } from '@rsbuild/core';
 import type { BuildOptions } from './cli/commands';
-import { initRsbuild } from './config';
+import { composeRsbuildEnvironments, pruneEnvironments } from './config';
 import type { RslibConfig } from './types/config';
 
 export async function build(
   config: RslibConfig,
   options?: BuildOptions,
 ): Promise<RsbuildInstance> {
-  const rsbuildInstance = await initRsbuild(config);
+  const environments = await composeRsbuildEnvironments(config);
+  const rsbuildInstance = await createRsbuild({
+    rsbuildConfig: {
+      environments: pruneEnvironments(environments, options?.lib),
+    },
+  });
 
   await rsbuildInstance.build({
     watch: options?.watch,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/cli/commands.ts b/packages/core/src/cli/commands.ts
index 49c10f7e6..3c0df6209 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/cli/commands.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/cli/commands.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
-import type { RsbuildMode } from '@rsbuild/core';
+import { type RsbuildMode, createRsbuild } from '@rsbuild/core';
 import { type Command, program } from 'commander';
 import { build } from '../build';
-import { initRsbuild, loadConfig } from '../config';
+import {
+  composeRsbuildEnvironments,
+  loadConfig,
+  pruneEnvironments,
+} from '../config';
 import { logger } from '../utils/logger';
 
 export type CommonOptions = {
   config?: string;
   envMode?: string;
+  lib?: string[];
 };
 
 export type BuildOptions = CommonOptions & {
@@ -31,6 +36,10 @@ const applyCommonOptions = (command: Command) => {
     );
 };
 
+const repeatableOption = (value: string, previous: string[]) => {
+  return (previous ?? []).concat([value]);
+};
+
 export function runCli(): void {
   program.name('rslib').usage('<command> [options]').version(RSLIB_VERSION);
 
@@ -40,6 +49,11 @@ export function runCli(): void {
   [buildCommand, inspectCommand].forEach(applyCommonOptions);
 
   buildCommand
+    .option(
+      '--lib <name>',
+      'build the specified library (may be repeated)',
+      repeatableOption,
+    )
     .option('-w --watch', 'turn on watch mode, watch for changes and rebuild')
     .description('build the library for production')
     .action(async (options: BuildOptions) => {
@@ -58,6 +72,11 @@ export function runCli(): void {
 
   inspectCommand
     .description('inspect the Rsbuild / Rspack configs of Rslib projects')
+    .option(
+      '--lib <name>',
+      'inspect the specified library (may be repeated)',
+      repeatableOption,
+    )
     .option(
       '--output <output>',
       'specify inspect content output path',
@@ -71,7 +90,12 @@ export function runCli(): void {
           path: options.config,
           envMode: options.envMode,
         });
-        const rsbuildInstance = await initRsbuild(rslibConfig);
+        const environments = await composeRsbuildEnvironments(rslibConfig);
+        const rsbuildInstance = await createRsbuild({
+          rsbuildConfig: {
+            environments: pruneEnvironments(environments, options.lib),
+          },
+        });
         await rsbuildInstance.inspectConfig({
           mode: options.mode,
           verbose: options.verbose,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/config.ts b/packages/core/src/config.ts
index ac109619a..a0d57763f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path, { dirname, extname, isAbsolute, join } from 'node:path';
 import {
+  type EnvironmentConfig,
   type RsbuildConfig,
-  type RsbuildInstance,
-  createRsbuild,
   defineConfig as defineRsbuildConfig,
   loadConfig as loadRsbuildConfig,
   mergeRsbuildConfig,
@@ -1191,9 +1190,9 @@ export async function composeCreateRsbuildConfig(
   return composedRsbuildConfig;
 }
 
-export async function initRsbuild(
+export async function composeRsbuildEnvironments(
   rslibConfig: RslibConfig,
-): Promise<RsbuildInstance> {
+): Promise<Record<string, EnvironmentConfig>> {
   const rsbuildConfigObject = await composeCreateRsbuildConfig(rslibConfig);
   const environments: RsbuildConfig['environments'] = {};
   const formatCount: Record<Format, number> = rsbuildConfigObject.reduce(
@@ -1220,9 +1219,18 @@ export async function initRsbuild(
     ] = config;
   }
 
-  return createRsbuild({
-    rsbuildConfig: {
-      environments,
-    },
-  });
+  return environments;
 }
+
+export const pruneEnvironments = (
+  environments: Record<string, EnvironmentConfig>,
+  libs?: string[],
+): Record<string, EnvironmentConfig> => {
+  if (!libs) {
+    return environments;
+  }
+
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(environments).filter(([name]) => libs.includes(name)),
+  );
+};
diff --git a/tests/integration/cli/build.test.ts b/tests/integration/cli/build.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ff9ba998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/cli/build.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { execSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import fse from 'fs-extra';
+import { globContentJSON } from 'test-helper';
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'vitest';
+
+describe('build command', async () => {
+  test('basic', async () => {
+    await fse.remove(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+    execSync('npx rslib build', {
+      cwd: __dirname,
+    });
+
+    const files = await globContentJSON(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+    const fileNames = Object.keys(files).sort();
+    expect(fileNames).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      [
+        "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/cjs/index.cjs",
+        "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/esm/index.js",
+      ]
+    `);
+  });
+
+  test('--lib', async () => {
+    await fse.remove(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+    execSync('npx rslib build --lib esm', {
+      cwd: __dirname,
+    });
+
+    const files = await globContentJSON(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+    const fileNames = Object.keys(files).sort();
+    expect(fileNames).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      [
+        "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/esm/index.js",
+      ]
+    `);
+  });
+
+  test('--lib multiple', async () => {
+    await fse.remove(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+    execSync('npx rslib build --lib esm --lib cjs', {
+      cwd: __dirname,
+    });
+
+    const files = await globContentJSON(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+    const fileNames = Object.keys(files).sort();
+    expect(fileNames).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      [
+        "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/cjs/index.cjs",
+        "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/esm/index.js",
+      ]
+    `);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/cli/index.test.ts b/tests/integration/cli/index.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index b9abc7555..000000000
--- a/tests/integration/cli/index.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-import { execSync } from 'node:child_process';
-import path from 'node:path';
-import fse from 'fs-extra';
-import { globContentJSON } from 'test-helper';
-import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
-
-test.todo('build command', async () => {});
-
-test('inspect command', async () => {
-  await fse.remove(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
-  execSync('npx rslib inspect', {
-    cwd: __dirname,
-  });
-
-  const files = await globContentJSON(path.join(__dirname, 'dist/.rsbuild'));
-  const fileNames = Object.keys(files).sort();
-
-  expect(fileNames).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-    [
-      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rsbuild.config.cjs.mjs",
-      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rsbuild.config.esm.mjs",
-      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rspack.config.cjs.mjs",
-      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rspack.config.esm.mjs",
-    ]
-  `);
-
-  // esm rsbuild config
-  const rsbuildConfigEsm = fileNames.find((item) =>
-    item.includes('rsbuild.config.esm.mjs'),
-  );
-  expect(rsbuildConfigEsm).toBeTruthy();
-  expect(files[rsbuildConfigEsm!]).toContain("type: 'modern-module'");
-
-  // esm rspack config
-  const rspackConfigEsm = fileNames.find((item) =>
-    item.includes('rspack.config.esm.mjs'),
-  );
-  expect(rspackConfigEsm).toBeTruthy();
-  expect(files[rspackConfigEsm!]).toContain("type: 'modern-module'");
-});
diff --git a/tests/integration/cli/inspect.test.ts b/tests/integration/cli/inspect.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88b2a71dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/cli/inspect.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { execSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { describe } from 'node:test';
+import fse from 'fs-extra';
+import { globContentJSON } from 'test-helper';
+import { expect, test } from 'vitest';
+
+describe('inspect command', async () => {
+  test('basic', async () => {
+    await fse.remove(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+    execSync('npx rslib inspect', {
+      cwd: __dirname,
+    });
+
+    const files = await globContentJSON(path.join(__dirname, 'dist/.rsbuild'));
+    const fileNames = Object.keys(files).sort();
+
+    expect(fileNames).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+    [
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rsbuild.config.cjs.mjs",
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rsbuild.config.esm.mjs",
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rspack.config.cjs.mjs",
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rspack.config.esm.mjs",
+    ]
+  `);
+
+    // esm rsbuild config
+    const rsbuildConfigEsm = fileNames.find((item) =>
+      item.includes('rsbuild.config.esm.mjs'),
+    );
+    expect(rsbuildConfigEsm).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(files[rsbuildConfigEsm!]).toContain("type: 'modern-module'");
+
+    // esm rspack config
+    const rspackConfigEsm = fileNames.find((item) =>
+      item.includes('rspack.config.esm.mjs'),
+    );
+    expect(rspackConfigEsm).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(files[rspackConfigEsm!]).toContain("type: 'modern-module'");
+  });
+
+  test('--lib', async () => {
+    await fse.remove(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+    execSync('npx rslib inspect --lib esm', {
+      cwd: __dirname,
+    });
+
+    const files = await globContentJSON(
+      path.join(__dirname, 'dist/esm/.rsbuild'),
+    );
+    const fileNames = Object.keys(files).sort();
+
+    // Rsbuild will emit dump files to `dist/esm` if only one environment is specified.
+    expect(fileNames).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+    [
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/esm/.rsbuild/rsbuild.config.mjs",
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/esm/.rsbuild/rspack.config.esm.mjs",
+    ]
+  `);
+
+    // esm rsbuild config
+    const rsbuildConfigEsm = fileNames.find((item) =>
+      item.includes('rsbuild.config.mjs'),
+    );
+    expect(rsbuildConfigEsm).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(files[rsbuildConfigEsm!]).toContain("type: 'modern-module'");
+
+    // esm rspack config
+    const rspackConfigEsm = fileNames.find((item) =>
+      item.includes('rspack.config.esm.mjs'),
+    );
+    expect(rspackConfigEsm).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(files[rspackConfigEsm!]).toContain("type: 'modern-module'");
+  });
+
+  test('--lib multiple', async () => {
+    await fse.remove(path.join(__dirname, 'dist'));
+    execSync('npx rslib inspect --lib esm --lib cjs', {
+      cwd: __dirname,
+    });
+
+    const files = await globContentJSON(path.join(__dirname, 'dist/.rsbuild'));
+    const fileNames = Object.keys(files).sort();
+
+    // Rsbuild will emit dump files to `dist/esm` if only one environment is specified.
+    expect(fileNames).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+    [
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rsbuild.config.cjs.mjs",
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rsbuild.config.esm.mjs",
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rspack.config.cjs.mjs",
+      "<ROOT>/tests/integration/cli/dist/.rsbuild/rspack.config.esm.mjs",
+    ]
+  `);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/integration/cli/src/index.ts b/tests/integration/cli/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3329a7d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/cli/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const foo = 'foo';
diff --git a/website/docs/en/guide/basic/cli.mdx b/website/docs/en/guide/basic/cli.mdx
index ba89de945..c455f6c30 100644
--- a/website/docs/en/guide/basic/cli.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/en/guide/basic/cli.mdx
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ build the library for production
 Options:
   -c --config <config>  specify the configuration file, can be a relative or absolute path
   --env-mode <mode>     specify the env mode to load the `.env.[mode]` file
+  --lib <name>          build the specified library (may be repeated)
   -w --watch            turn on watch mode, watch for changes and rebuild
   -h, --help            display help for command
 ```
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ inspect the Rsbuild / Rspack configs of Rslib projects
 Options:
   -c --config <config>  specify the configuration file, can be a relative or absolute path
   --env-mode <mode>     specify the env mode to load the `.env.[mode]` file
+  --lib <name>          build the specified library (may be repeated)
   --output <output>     specify inspect content output path (default: ".rsbuild")
   --verbose             show full function definitions in output
   -h, --help            display help for command