diff --git a/index.bs b/index.bs
index f4aee142b..9f36bcf3e 100644
--- a/index.bs
+++ b/index.bs
@@ -750,16 +750,6 @@ Instances of <code>ReadableStreamReader</code> are created with the internal slo
     <td>A List of promises returned by calls to the reader's <code>read()</code> method that have not yet been resolved,
       due to the <a>consumer</a> requesting <a>chunks</a> sooner than they are available
   </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>\[[state]]
-    <td>A string containing the reader's current state, used internally; one of <code>"readable"</code>,
-      <code>"closed"</code>, or <code>"errored"</code>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>\[[storedError]]
-    <td>A value indicating how the reader's stream failed, to be given as a failure reason or exception when trying to
-      operate on the reader; applicable only when \[[state]] is <code>"errored"</code>
-  </tr>
 </table>
 
 <h4 id="reader-constructor">new ReadableStreamReader(stream)</h4>
@@ -773,19 +763,15 @@ Instances of <code>ReadableStreamReader</code> are created with the internal slo
 <emu-alg>
   1. If IsReadableStream(_stream_) is *false*, throw a *TypeError* exception.
   1. If IsReadableStreamLocked(_stream_) is *true*, throw a *TypeError* exception.
-  1. Set *this*@[[state]] to _stream_@[[state]].
   1. Set *this*@[[readRequests]] to a new empty List.
   1. Set *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]] to _stream_.
   1. Set _stream_@[[reader]] to *this*.
   1. If _stream_@[[state]] is "readable",
-    1. Set *this*@[[storedError]] to *undefined*.
     1. Set *this*@[[closedPromise]] to a new promise.
   1. Otherwise, if _stream_@[[state]] is "closed",
-    1. Set *this*@[[storedError]] to *undefined*.
     1. Set *this*@[[closedPromise]] to a new promise resolved with *undefined*.
   1. Otherwise,
     1. Assert: _stream_@[[state]] is "errored".
-    1. Set *this*@[[storedError]] to _stream_@[[storedError]].
     1. Set *this*@[[closedPromise]] to a new promise rejected with _stream_@[[storedError]].
 </emu-alg>
 
@@ -812,11 +798,7 @@ Instances of <code>ReadableStreamReader</code> are created with the internal slo
 
 <emu-alg>
   1. If IsReadableStreamReader(*this*) is *false*, return a promise rejected with a *TypeError* exception.
-  1. If *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]] is not *undefined*, set *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[disturbed]] to *true*.
-  1. If *this*@[[state]] is "closed", return a new promise resolved with *undefined*.
-  1. If *this*@[[state]] is "errored", return a new promise rejected with *this*@[[storedError]].
-  1. Assert: *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]] is not *undefined*.
-  1. Assert: *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[state]] is "readable".
+  1. If *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]] is *undefined*, return a promise rejected with a *TypeError* exception.
   1. Return CancelReadableStream(*this*@[[ownerReadableStream]], _reason_).
 </emu-alg>
 
@@ -839,6 +821,7 @@ Instances of <code>ReadableStreamReader</code> are created with the internal slo
 
 <emu-alg>
   1. If IsReadableStreamReader(*this*) is *false*, return a promise rejected with a *TypeError* exception.
+  1. If *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]] is *undefined*, return a promise rejected with a *TypeError* exception.
   1. Return ReadFromReadableStreamReader(*this*).
 </emu-alg>
 
@@ -859,7 +842,8 @@ Instances of <code>ReadableStreamReader</code> are created with the internal slo
   1. If IsReadableStreamReader(*this*) is *false*, throw a *TypeError* exception.
   1. If *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]] is *undefined*, return *undefined*.
   1. If *this*@[[readRequests]] is not empty, throw a *TypeError* exception.
-  1. If *this*@[[state]] is `"readable"`, perform CloseReadableStreamReader(*this*).
+  1. If *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[state]] is `"readable"`, reject *this*@[[closedPromise]] with a *TypeError* exception.
+  1. Otherwise, set *this*@[[closedPromise]] be a new promise rejected with a *TypeError* exception.
   1. Set *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[reader]] to *undefined*.
   1. Set *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]] to *undefined*.
   1. Return *undefined*.
@@ -911,17 +895,6 @@ this to streams they did not create, and must ensure they have obeyed the precon
   control of the underlying source.
 </div>
 
-<h4 id="close-readable-stream-reader" aoid="CloseReadableStreamReader" nothrow>CloseReadableStreamReader ( reader )</h4>
-
-<emu-alg>
-  1. Repeat for each _readRequestPromise_ that is an element of _reader_@[[readRequests]],
-    1. Resolve _readRequestPromise_ with CreateIterResultObject(*undefined*, *true*).
-  1. Set _reader_@[[readRequests]] to an empty List.
-  1. Set _reader_@[[state]] to "closed".
-  1. Resolve _reader_@[[closedPromise]] with *undefined*.
-  1. Return *undefined*.
-</emu-alg>
-
 <h4 id="enqueue-in-readable-stream" aoid="EnqueueInReadableStream" throws>EnqueueInReadableStream ( stream, chunk )</h4>
 
 This abstract operation can be called by other specifications that wish to enqueue <a>chunks</a> in a readable stream,
@@ -978,8 +951,6 @@ an assert).
   1. Repeat for each _readRequestPromise_ that is an element of _reader_@[[readRequests]],
     1. Reject _readRequestPromise_ with _e_.
   1. Set _reader_@[[readRequests]] to a new empty List.
-  1. Set _reader_@[[storedError]] to _e_.
-  1. Set _reader_@[[state]] to "errored".
   1. Reject _reader_@[[closedPromise]] with _e_.
   1. Return *undefined*.
 </emu-alg>
@@ -990,7 +961,11 @@ an assert).
   1. Assert: _stream_@[[state]] is "readable".
   1. Set _stream_@[[state]] to "closed".
   1. Let _reader_ be _stream_@[[reader]].
-  1. If _reader_ is not *undefined*, perform CloseReadableStreamReader(_reader_).
+  1. If _reader_ is *undefined*, return *undefined*.
+  1. Repeat for each _readRequestPromise_ that is an element of _reader_@[[readRequests]],
+    1. Resolve _readRequestPromise_ with CreateIterResultObject(*undefined*, *true*).
+  1. Set _reader_@[[readRequests]] to an empty List.
+  1. Resolve _reader_@[[closedPromise]] with *undefined*.
   1. Return *undefined*.
 </emu-alg>
 
@@ -1049,10 +1024,10 @@ readable stream is <a>locked to a reader</a>.
 <h4 id="read-from-readable-stream-reader" aoid="ReadFromReadableStreamReader" nothrow>ReadFromReadableStreamReader ( reader )</h4>
 
 <emu-alg>
-  1. If *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]] is not *undefined*, set *this*@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[disturbed]] to *true*.
-  1. If _reader_@[[state]] is "closed", return a new promise resolved with CreateIterResultObject(*undefined*, *true*).
-  1. If _reader_@[[state]] is "errored", return a new promise rejected with _reader_@[[storedError]].
   1. Assert: _reader_@[[ownerReadableStream]] is not *undefined*.
+  1. Set _reader_@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[disturbed]] to *true*.
+  1. If _reader_@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[state]] is "closed", return a new promise resolved with CreateIterResultObject(*undefined*, *true*).
+  1. If _reader_@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[state]] is "errored", return a new promise rejected with _reader_@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[storedError]].
   1. Assert: _reader_@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[state]] is "readable".
   1. If _reader_@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[queue]] is not empty,
     1. Let _chunk_ be DequeueValue(_reader_@[[ownerReadableStream]]@[[queue]]).
diff --git a/reference-implementation/lib/readable-stream.js b/reference-implementation/lib/readable-stream.js
index 7b6186676..b81771116 100644
--- a/reference-implementation/lib/readable-stream.js
+++ b/reference-implementation/lib/readable-stream.js
@@ -257,27 +257,19 @@ class ReadableStreamReader {
     this._ownerReadableStream = stream;
     stream._reader = this;
 
-    this._state = stream._state;
     this._readRequests = [];
 
     if (stream._state === 'readable') {
-      this._storedError = undefined;
-
       this._closedPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
         this._closedPromise_resolve = resolve;
         this._closedPromise_reject = reject;
       });
     } else if (stream._state === 'closed') {
-      this._storedError = undefined;
-
       this._closedPromise = Promise.resolve(undefined);
       this._closedPromise_resolve = undefined;
       this._closedPromise_reject = undefined;
     } else {
       assert(stream._state === 'errored');
-
-      this._storedError = stream._storedError;
-
       this._closedPromise = Promise.reject(stream._storedError);
       this._closedPromise_resolve = undefined;
       this._closedPromise_reject = undefined;
@@ -299,21 +291,10 @@ class ReadableStreamReader {
         new TypeError('ReadableStreamReader.prototype.cancel can only be used on a ReadableStreamReader'));
     }
 
-    if (this._ownerReadableStream !== undefined) {
-      this._ownerReadableStream._disturbed = true;
-    }
-
-    if (this._state === 'closed') {
-      return Promise.resolve(undefined);
-    }
-
-    if (this._state === 'errored') {
-      return Promise.reject(this._storedError);
+    if (this._ownerReadableStream === undefined) {
+      return Promise.reject(new TypeError('Cannot cancel a stream using a released reader'));
     }
 
-    assert(this._ownerReadableStream !== undefined);
-    assert(this._ownerReadableStream._state === 'readable');
-
     return CancelReadableStream(this._ownerReadableStream, reason);
   }
 
@@ -323,6 +304,10 @@ class ReadableStreamReader {
         new TypeError('ReadableStreamReader.prototype.read can only be used on a ReadableStreamReader'));
     }
 
+    if (this._ownerReadableStream === undefined) {
+      return Promise.reject(new TypeError('Cannot read from a released reader'));
+    }
+
     return ReadFromReadableStreamReader(this);
   }
 
@@ -339,8 +324,12 @@ class ReadableStreamReader {
       throw new TypeError('Tried to release a reader lock when that reader has pending read() calls un-settled');
     }
 
-    if (this._state === 'readable') {
-      CloseReadableStreamReader(this);
+    if (this._ownerReadableStream._state === 'readable') {
+      this._closedPromise_reject(
+        new TypeError('Reader was released and can no longer be used to monitor the stream\'s closedness'));
+    } else {
+      this._closedPromise = Promise.reject(
+        new TypeError('Reader was released and can no longer be used to monitor the stream\'s closedness'));
     }
 
     this._ownerReadableStream._reader = undefined;
@@ -389,21 +378,6 @@ function CloseReadableStream(stream) {
   }
 }
 
-function CloseReadableStreamReader(reader) {
-  for (const { _resolve } of reader._readRequests) {
-    _resolve(CreateIterResultObject(undefined, true));
-  }
-  reader._readRequests = [];
-
-  reader._state = 'closed';
-
-  reader._closedPromise_resolve(undefined);
-  reader._closedPromise_resolve = undefined;
-  reader._closedPromise_reject = undefined;
-
-  return undefined;
-}
-
 function EnqueueInReadableStream(stream, chunk) {
   assert(stream._closeRequested === false);
   assert(stream._state !== 'errored');
@@ -460,9 +434,6 @@ function ErrorReadableStream(stream, e) {
   }
   reader._readRequests = [];
 
-  reader._storedError = e;
-  reader._state = 'errored';
-
   reader._closedPromise_reject(e);
   reader._closedPromise_resolve = undefined;
   reader._closedPromise_reject = undefined;
@@ -477,10 +448,19 @@ function FinishClosingReadableStream(stream) {
 
   const reader = stream._reader;
 
-  if (reader !== undefined) {
-    CloseReadableStreamReader(reader);
+  if (reader === undefined) {
+    return undefined;
   }
 
+  for (const { _resolve } of reader._readRequests) {
+    _resolve(CreateIterResultObject(undefined, true));
+  }
+  reader._readRequests = [];
+
+  reader._closedPromise_resolve(undefined);
+  reader._closedPromise_resolve = undefined;
+  reader._closedPromise_reject = undefined;
+
   return undefined;
 }
 
@@ -542,19 +522,18 @@ function IsReadableStreamReader(x) {
 }
 
 function ReadFromReadableStreamReader(reader) {
-  if (reader._ownerReadableStream !== undefined) {
-    reader._ownerReadableStream._disturbed = true;
-  }
+  assert(reader._ownerReadableStream !== undefined);
 
-  if (reader._state === 'closed') {
+  reader._ownerReadableStream._disturbed = true;
+
+  if (reader._ownerReadableStream._state === 'closed') {
     return Promise.resolve(CreateIterResultObject(undefined, true));
   }
 
-  if (reader._state === 'errored') {
-    return Promise.reject(reader._storedError);
+  if (reader._ownerReadableStream._state === 'errored') {
+    return Promise.reject(reader._ownerReadableStream._storedError);
   }
 
-  assert(reader._ownerReadableStream !== undefined);
   assert(reader._ownerReadableStream._state === 'readable');
 
   if (reader._ownerReadableStream._queue.length > 0) {
diff --git a/reference-implementation/test/readable-stream-reader.js b/reference-implementation/test/readable-stream-reader.js
index c10b2c427..0881339e5 100644
--- a/reference-implementation/test/readable-stream-reader.js
+++ b/reference-implementation/test/readable-stream-reader.js
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ test('closed should be fulfilled after stream is closed (.closed access before a
   controller.close();
 });
 
-test('closed should be fulfilled after reader releases its lock (multiple stream locks)', t => {
+test('closed should be rejected after reader releases its lock (multiple stream locks)', t => {
   t.plan(2);
 
   let controller;
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ test('closed should be fulfilled after reader releases its lock (multiple stream
   const reader2 = rs.getReader();
   controller.close();
 
-  reader1.closed.then(() => {
-    t.pass('reader1 closed should be fulfilled');
+  reader1.closed.catch(e => {
+    t.equal(e.constructor, TypeError, 'reader1 closed should be rejected with a TypeError');
   });
 
   reader2.closed.then(() => {
diff --git a/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-closed-reader.js b/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-closed-reader.js
index 8af8518ee..178869ae5 100644
--- a/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-closed-reader.js
+++ b/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-closed-reader.js
@@ -46,6 +46,20 @@ export default (label, factory) => {
     );
   });
 
+  test('releasing the lock should cause closed to reject and change identity', t => {
+    t.plan(3);
+    const { reader } = factory();
+
+    const closedBefore = reader.closed;
+    reader.releaseLock();
+    const closedAfter = reader.closed;
+
+    t.notEqual(closedBefore, closedAfter, 'the closed promise should change identity')
+    closedBefore.then(v => t.equal(v, undefined, 'reader.closed acquired before release should fulfill'));
+    closedAfter.catch(
+      e => t.equal(e.constructor, TypeError, 'reader.closed acquired after release should reject with a TypeError'));
+  });
+
   test('cancel() should return a distinct fulfilled promise each time', t => {
     t.plan(5);
     const { reader } = factory();
diff --git a/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-empty-reader.js b/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-empty-reader.js
index 9fb1d6ac2..082212831 100644
--- a/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-empty-reader.js
+++ b/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-empty-reader.js
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export default (label, factory) => {
   });
 
   test('releasing the lock with pending read requests should throw but the read requests should stay pending', t => {
-    const { reader } = factory();
+    const { stream, reader } = factory();
 
     reader.read().then(
       () => t.fail('first read() should not fulfill'),
@@ -86,30 +86,31 @@ export default (label, factory) => {
 
     t.throws(() => reader.releaseLock(), /TypeError/, 'releaseLock should throw a TypeError');
 
+    t.equal(stream.locked, true, 'the stream should still be locked');
+
     setTimeout(() => t.end(), 50);
   });
 
-  test('releasing the lock should cause further read() calls to resolve as if the stream is closed', t => {
+  test('releasing the lock should cause further read() calls to reject with a TypeError', t => {
     t.plan(2);
     const { reader } = factory();
 
     reader.releaseLock();
 
-    reader.read().then(r =>
-      t.deepEqual(r, { value: undefined, done: true }, 'first read() should return closed result'));
-    reader.read().then(r =>
-      t.deepEqual(r, { value: undefined, done: true }, 'second read() should return closed result'));
+    reader.read().catch(e => t.equal(e.constructor, TypeError, 'first read() should reject with a TypeError'));
+    reader.read().catch(e => t.equal(e.constructor, TypeError, 'second read() should reject with a TypeError'));
   });
 
-  test('releasing the lock should cause closed to fulfill', t => {
+  test('releasing the lock should cause closed to reject', t => {
     t.plan(2);
     const { reader } = factory();
 
-    reader.closed.then(v => t.equal(v, undefined, 'reader.closed got before release should fulfill with undefined'));
-
+    const closedBefore = reader.closed;
     reader.releaseLock();
+    const closedAfter = reader.closed;
 
-    reader.closed.then(v => t.equal(v, undefined, 'reader.closed got after release should fulfill with undefined'));
+    t.equal(closedBefore, closedAfter, 'the closed promise should not change identity')
+    closedBefore.catch(e => t.equal(e.constructor, TypeError, 'reader.closed should reject with a TypeError'));
   });
 
   test('releasing the lock should cause locked to become false', t => {
diff --git a/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-errored-reader.js b/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-errored-reader.js
index 1b81ff8a9..7be5d0c88 100644
--- a/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-errored-reader.js
+++ b/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-errored-reader.js
@@ -15,6 +15,27 @@ export default (label, factory, error) => {
     );
   });
 
+  test('releasing the lock should cause closed to reject and change identity', t => {
+    t.plan(3);
+    const { reader } = factory();
+
+    const closedBefore = reader.closed;
+
+    closedBefore.catch(e => {
+      t.equal(e, error, 'reader.closed acquired before release should reject with the error');
+
+      reader.releaseLock();
+      const closedAfter = reader.closed;
+
+      t.notEqual(closedBefore, closedAfter, 'the closed promise should change identity');
+
+      return closedAfter.catch(e => {
+        t.equal(e.constructor, TypeError, 'reader.closed acquired after release should reject with a TypeError');
+      });
+    })
+    .catch(e => t.error(e));
+  });
+
   test('read() should reject with the error', t => {
     t.plan(1);
     const { reader } = factory();
diff --git a/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-two-chunks-closed-reader.js b/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-two-chunks-closed-reader.js
index c5d075fc8..4ea6138f1 100644
--- a/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-two-chunks-closed-reader.js
+++ b/reference-implementation/test/templated/readable-stream-two-chunks-closed-reader.js
@@ -67,18 +67,15 @@ export default (label, factory, chunks) => {
     reader.read();
   });
 
-  test('releasing the lock should cause read() to act as if the stream is closed', t => {
+  test('releasing the lock should cause further read() calls to reject with a TypeError', t => {
     t.plan(3);
     const { reader } = factory();
 
     reader.releaseLock();
 
-    reader.read().then(r =>
-      t.deepEqual(r, { value: undefined, done: true }, 'first read() should return closed result'));
-    reader.read().then(r =>
-      t.deepEqual(r, { value: undefined, done: true }, 'second read() should return closed result'));
-    reader.read().then(r =>
-      t.deepEqual(r, { value: undefined, done: true }, 'third read() should return closed result'));
+    reader.read().catch(e => t.equal(e.constructor, TypeError, 'first read() should reject with a TypeError'));
+    reader.read().catch(e => t.equal(e.constructor, TypeError, 'second read() should reject with a TypeError'));
+    reader.read().catch(e => t.equal(e.constructor, TypeError, 'third read() should reject with a TypeError'));
   });
 
   test('reader\'s closed property always returns the same promise', t => {