diff --git a/.changeset/yellow-icons-attack.md b/.changeset/yellow-icons-attack.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..93be1fcd91fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/yellow-icons-attack.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'astro': patch
+---
+
+Raise error when multiple content collection entries have the same slug
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts b/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts
index bd516b199c82..33aae964d890 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts
@@ -166,6 +166,16 @@ export async function getStringifiedLookupMap({
 						fileUrl: pathToFileURL(filePath),
 						contentEntryType,
 					});
+					if (lookupMap[collection]?.entries?.[slug]) {
+						throw new AstroError({
+							...AstroErrorData.DuplicateContentEntrySlugError,
+							message: AstroErrorData.DuplicateContentEntrySlugError.message(collection, slug),
+							hint:
+								slug !== generatedSlug
+									? `Check the \`slug\` frontmatter property in **${id}**.`
+									: undefined,
+						});
+					}
 					lookupMap[collection] = {
 						type: 'content',
 						entries: {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts
index 0425eb22e060..5fa2b4b5c7f1 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/errors/errors-data.ts
@@ -1112,6 +1112,18 @@ See https://docs.astro.build/en/guides/server-side-rendering/ for more informati
 		},
 		hint: 'Ensure your data entry is an object with valid JSON (for `.json` entries) or YAML (for `.yaml` entries).',
 	},
+	/**
+	 * @docs
+	 * @description
+	 * Content collection entries must have unique slugs. Duplicates are often caused by the `slug` frontmatter property.
+	 */
+	DuplicateContentEntrySlugError: {
+		title: 'Duplicate content entry slug.',
+		code: 9008,
+		message: (collection: string, slug: string) => {
+			return `**${collection}** contains multiple entries with the same slug: \`${slug}\`. Slugs must be unique.`;
+		},
+	},
 
 	// Generic catch-all - Only use this in extreme cases, like if there was a cosmic ray bit flip
 	UnknownError: {