通过startService只能是把Service给启动起来,但是我们无法与其建立联系.通过bindService方式启动Service的话,不仅能启动Service,还能与其建立连接,相互调用比较方便.今天我们来理一理bindService其中的原理.
建议先看一下如下两篇文章,我按照顺序来写的,循序渐进.可能有些东西前面已经介绍了,后面就不再赘述,感谢理解.
简单回顾一下使用方式,就是在Activity里面调一下bindService方法,需要传入一个ServiceConnection.
Intent intentService = new Intent(this,MyService.class);
bindService(intentService,mServiceConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);和startService类似,bindService也是调用的ContextImpl里面的方法.
@Override
public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
int flags) {
...
return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, mMainThread.getHandler(), getUser());
}
private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags, Handler
handler, UserHandle user) {
IServiceConnection sd;
//注意 ServiceConnection不能传入null,否则直接抛个异常给你
if (conn == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null");
}
if (mPackageInfo != null) {
//会走到这里来 生成一个IServiceConnection,它其实是一个ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection,用来与Service建立连接的,与Service建立连接时可能会需要远程调用,那么ServiceConnection是不得行的.就需要ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection来远程调用,然后再通知ServiceConnection.
sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), handler, flags);
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context");
}
validateServiceIntent(service);
try {
//获取当前Activity的token
IBinder token = getActivityToken();
if (token == null && (flags&BIND_AUTO_CREATE) == 0 && mPackageInfo != null
&& mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion
< android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
flags |= BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY;
}
service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
//好巧 又是我们所熟悉的AMS bindService也需要AMS参与
int res = ActivityManager.getService().bindService(
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,
service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),
sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
if (res < 0) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Not allowed to bind to service " + service);
}
return res != 0;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}bindService是ContextImpl里面的方法,最终会调用到bindServiceCommon方法.bindServiceCommon方法首先将ServiceConnection转换成了一个ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection(也就是上面的IServiceConnection sd).我们知道,绑定Service可能是跨进程的,所以需要跨进程通信,这里使用的是Binder方式.而这里的IServiceConnection其实是一个ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection,而这里的ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection是拿来跨进程通信的,因为ServiceConnection不能直接进行跨进程通信,所以需要ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection来充当Binder的角色.然后ServiceDispatcher是连接InnerConnection和ServiceConnection的,InnerConnection是ServiceDispatcher的一个内部类.
上面的mPackageInfo是LoadedApk,跟进去看看getServiceDispatcher方法
public final IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection c,
Context context, Handler handler, int flags) {
synchronized (mServices) {
//ServiceDispatcher是LoadedApk的内部类
LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = null;
//mServices是一个map,定义是private final ArrayMap<Context, ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>> mServices
= new ArrayMap<>();
//它里面存放的是当前Activity与ServiceConnection和ServiceDispatcher的映射关系
//如果之前有创建好的ServiceDispatcher,那么直接拿出来用,没有则创建一个
ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> map = mServices.get(context);
if (map != null) {
sd = map.get(c);
}
if (sd == null) {
//创建一个ServiceDispatcher
sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, handler, flags);
if (map == null) {
map = new ArrayMap<>();
//放入mServices进行缓存起来
mServices.put(context, map);
}
map.put(c, sd);
} else {
sd.validate(context, handler);
}
//获取ServiceDispatcher中的InnerConnection对象
return sd.getIServiceConnection();
}
}首先ServiceDispatcher是LoadedApk的内部类.系统将当前Activity与ServiceConnection和ServiceDispatcher的映射关系缓存起来了的,有需要的时候直接拿出来.当前第一次绑定的时候,肯定缓存起来没有,所以需要创建一个ServiceDispatcher.创建ServiceDispatcher的时候就会创建InnerConnection. 相当于ServiceDispatcher内部有ServiceConnection和InnerConnection,那么后面需要调用ServiceConnection里面的方法就比较方便了.
接着我们继续看AMS的绑定Service的过程,是调用的是AMS的bindService方法
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, String callingPackage,
int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service,
resolvedType, connection, flags, callingPackage, userId);
}mServices是ActiveServices,在startService源码分析中提到过,ActiveServices类是辅助AMS管理Service的,包括Service的启动、绑定和停止等.
上面是调用了ActiveServices的bindServiceLocked方法,bindServiceLocked再调 用bringUpServiceLocked,bringUpServiceLocked又会调用realStartServiceLocked方法， realStartServiceLocked方法的执行逻辑和"死磕Android_Service启动流程分析"中的逻辑类似,最终都是通过 ApplicationThread来完成Service实例的创建并执行其onCreate方法,这里不再重复讲解了.
但是需要注意的是在realStartServiceLocked方法里面,当我们是bindService绑定Service的时候,需要关注一个东西
private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,
ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {
boolean created = false;
//启动Service
app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
app.repProcState);
created = true;
//深入
requestServiceBindingsLocked(r, execInFg);
......
}
private final void requestServiceBindingsLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean execInFg)
throws TransactionTooLargeException {
//深入
requestServiceBindingLocked(r, ibr, execInFg, false);
}
private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r, IntentBindRecord i,
boolean execInFg, boolean rebind) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
//远程调用,执行ActivityThread中的scheduleBindService方法
r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind,
r.app.repProcState);
return true;
}在realStartServiceLocked方法里面调用了requestServiceBindingsLocked方法,requestServiceBindingsLocked方法调用了另一个requestServiceBindingLocked方法,然后远程调用ActivityThread的scheduleBindService方法.scheduleBindService方法从名字看,终于要开始执行绑定了
public final void scheduleBindService(IBinder token, Intent intent,
boolean rebind, int processState) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
BindServiceData s = new BindServiceData();
//注意 这里将Activity的token传过来了
s.token = token;
s.intent = intent;
s.rebind = rebind;
if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
Slog.v(TAG, "scheduleBindService token=" + token + " intent=" + intent + " uid="
+ Binder.getCallingUid() + " pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
sendMessage(H.BIND_SERVICE, s);
}然后又来到了我们熟悉的H这个Handler,在H中BIND_SERVICE消息调用的是ActivityThread中的handleBindService()这个方法
private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
//在handleCreateService方法里面将token和Service映射存入了mServices里面
//mServices定义是final ArrayMap<IBinder, Service> mServices = new ArrayMap<>();
//所以这里可以根据token取出Service
Service s = mServices.get(data.token);
if (s != null) {
data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());
data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (!data.rebind) {
//如果不是重新绑定
//注意,这里调用了我们熟悉的Service的onBind方法,,,,就是在这里调用的哦,,,所以这里是UI线程哈,记住了
IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);
//调用AMS的publishService方法
ActivityManager.getService().publishService(
data.token, data.intent, binder);
} else {
s.onRebind(data.intent);
ActivityManager.getService().serviceDoneExecuting(
data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
}
}
}在handleCreateService方法里面将token和Service映射存入了mServices里面,mServices定义是final ArrayMap<IBinder, Service> mServices = new ArrayMap<>();.所以那里可以根据token取出Service,然后紧接着调用了我们熟悉的Service的onBind方法,这里可以得出onBind方法是在UI线程执行的.还可以得出,重新绑定Service时,onBind方法只会调用一次,除非Service之前被终止了.onBind方法执行之后,说明Service已经成功连接了.
然后又来到了AMS,这次是AMS的publishService方法.
public void publishService(IBinder token, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
mServices.publishServiceLocked((ServiceRecord)token, intent, service);
}
//ActiveServices.java => publishServiceLocked
void publishServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
try {
if (r != null) {
for (int conni=r.connections.size()-1; conni>=0; conni--) {
ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = r.connections.valueAt(conni);
for (int i=0; i<clist.size(); i++) {
ConnectionRecord c = clist.get(i);
//核心代码
c.conn.connected(r.name, service, false);
}
}
serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, mDestroyingServices.contains(r), false);
}
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}c.conn的类型是ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection,service就是Service 的onBind方法返回的Binder对象.来看一下ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection的connected方法
private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;
InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
}
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead)
throws RemoteException {
LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
if (sd != null) {
sd.connected(name, service, dead);
}
}
}InnerConnection的构造方法里面就传入了ServiceDispatcher,所以可以很轻松拿到ServiceDispatcher,拿到ServiceDispatcher调用其connected方法
public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead) {
//mActivityThread其实就是ActivityThread中名为H的Handler
if (mActivityThread != null) {
//主线程中的Handler调用post 说明RunConnection是运行在主线程中
mActivityThread.post(new RunConnection(name, service, 0, dead));
} else {
doConnected(name, service, dead);
}
}
private final class RunConnection implements Runnable {
RunConnection(ComponentName name, IBinder service, int command, boolean dead) {
mName = name;
mService = service;
mCommand = command;
mDead = dead;
}
public void run() {
if (mCommand == 0) {
//深入
doConnected(mName, mService, mDead);
} else if (mCommand == 1) {
doDeath(mName, mService);
}
}
final ComponentName mName;
final IBinder mService;
final int mCommand;
final boolean mDead;
}
//ServiceDispatcher => doConnected
public void doConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service, boolean dead) {
...
//mConnection是ServiceDispatcher中的ServiceConnection,初始化ServiceDispatcher的时候就初始化了ServiceConnection
mConnection.onServiceConnected(name, service);
...
}通过ActivityThread中的Handler#post执行一个doConnected方法,而doConnected方法里面就是通过我们熟悉的ServiceConnection对象进行了onServiceConnected方法的回调.
可以看到ServiceDispatcher做了一个转接.当Service连接上之后,通过InnerConnection去远程调用ServiceDispatcher中的ServiceConnection中的onServiceConnected方法,完成绑定成功消息的通知.让客户端知道Service已绑定.
bindService也就分析完成了,其他比如 Service的停止过程和解除绑定的过程,系统的执行过程是类似的,这里留给大家自己去分析咯.