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README.md

Common boards

  • Arduino Uno / Nano / Pro Mini
  • Pin Comments:
    • RAW: Unregulated voltage input (up to 12V?). If the board is powered via USB, the voltage at this pin will be about 4.8V.
    • VCC: Regulated voltage input (MUST be 5V or 3.3V). If the board is powered via USB or RAW, the voltage can supplies other devices.
    • RST: Pulled up. Connecting to the ground initiates a reset. The board will remain "off" until the reset line is pulled back to high.

Get Started

  • [Windows Only] Install a USB-to-UART bridge driver.
    • PC (Windows) supports USB communication protocol but Arduino board does not.
    • Instead, Arduino supports UART communication.
    • There should be a USB-to-UART Bridge between PC and Arduino.
      • Uno / Nano has on-board bridge chip while Pro Mini does not
      • The bridge chip varies by board. (My Uno / Nano clones has CH341. I cannot guarantee for the genuine Arduino)
    • Install the bridge chip driver on PC, which creates a Virtual COM port (VCP) for communication.
      • Uno / Nano: Use this CH341 driver
      • Pro Mini: Look down for a dedicated section
    • Check Windows Device Manager and see the new COM port
  • Install Arduino IDE
  • Choose the right board in IDE
    • There is a set of parameters for each arduino board, choosing the right one is the key.
  • Try a blink test of on-board LED
    • File -> Examples -> 01.Basics -> Blink
    • Sketch -> Upload

Pro Mini

  • Pro Mini is the smallest Arduino board
  • Bought an adapter, which has a FTDI-made FT232RL bridge chip.
  • use this FT232RL driver or download from FTDI.
  • Use Windows Device Manager to install the driver manually.
  • To connect the adapter and Arduino Pro Mini, GND, VCC, RX, TX, and DTR (Data Terminal Ready) should be all connected.

Pro Micro

  • ATmega32u4

Pinout

  • We need a pinout map to find special GPIO pins on each board
  • For example, I2C pins are A4/A5 on Arduino Nano
  • Uno
  • Nano
    • Vin: Accepts 6~12V unregulated external power source
    • 5V : Accepts 5V regulated power source
    • 5V : Also, emits 5V regulated power
  • Pro Mini
    • RAW: Accepts 6~12V unregulated external power source
    • VCC: Accepts 5V regulated power source
  • Pro Micro

Analog pin and digital pin in Arduino IDE

  • In Arduino IDE, use A1 to indicate an analog pin, and use 1 to indicate a digital pin
digitalWrite(A1, HIGH); // sets the analog pin 1 on 
digitalWrite( 1, LOW);  // sets the digital pin 1 off

3.3v board and 5v board

  • Arduino board's GPIOs are generally 5v.
  • Among Uno, Nano and Pro Mini, only Pro Mini has the 3.3v version, which means the GPIO pins operate at between 0~3.3v (voltage).
  • Some sensors (loads) need 5V voltage to power but communicates with arduino board on a 3.3v logic level
  • You would risk to fry the sensor if there is a voltage mismatch
  • Use a logic level converter to step down the voltage for fragile sensor.
  • BTW, raspberry pi's GPIO pins are 3.3v. So if you want your Pi talk to arduino via uart interface, use a logic level converter as well.

Talk to Raspberry Pi

  • It is so easy by using UART protocol.
  • Hook Rx/Tx pins of Arduino with Tx/Rx pins of Raspberry Pi
  • On Arduino, we use Serial.print to output message
  • On Raspberry Pi, use pyserial to get the message. (Don't forget enable UART interface via raspi-config)

C++ note

uint8_t = atof(String.c_str()) // Convert String to int