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Raspbian.md

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Open Source Mirror In China

  • Get Raspbian OS Images from Aliyun
  • apt src 
    sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak_`date "+%y_%m_%d"`
sudo sed -i 's/raspbian.raspberrypi.org/mirrors.aliyun.com\/raspbian/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt update
  • pip src 
    pip3 config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Modify Raspbian image on Ubuntu

  • Download a Raspbian OS image 
    img=2022-09-06-raspios-bullseye-armhf-lite.img
xz -dk $img.xz
  • Get offset
    • startsector of boot partition begins at 8192
    • offset is 8192 * 512 byte/sector
    $ fdisk -l $img
Disk 2022-09-06-raspios-bullseye-armhf-lite.img: 1.75 GiB, 1874853888 bytes, 3661824 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xac1488a6

Device                                      Boot  Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
2022-09-06-raspios-bullseye-armhf-lite.img1        8192  532479  524288  256M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
2022-09-06-raspios-bullseye-armhf-lite.img2      532480 3661823 3129344  1.5G 83 Linux
  • Mount boot partition (First partition is FAT32 and it support uid when mount) / Ref 
    mkdir /tmp/raspbian_os_boot
sudo mount -o offset=$((8192*512)),umask=0002,uid=$UID $img /tmp/raspbian_os_boot
touch        /tmp/raspbian_os_boot/ssh                  # Enable ssh server at first boot    
cat << EOF > /tmp/raspbian_os_boot/wpa_supplicant.conf  # Join WiFi network
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
country=US
update_config=1
network={
    ssid="YOUR_SSID"
    psk="YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD"
    key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}
EOF
cat << EOF > /tmp/raspbian_os_boot/userconf.txt
pi:$(echo 'raspberry' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin)
EOF
sudo umount /tmp/raspbian_os_boot
  • Mount system partition (Second partition is EXT4 format) 
    mkdir /tmp/raspbian_os_sys
sudo mount -o offset=$((532480*512)) $img /tmp/raspbian_os_sys/
mkdir -p                                        /tmp/raspbian_os_sys/home/pi/.ssh
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -N '' -C '' -f        /tmp/raspbian_os_sys/home/pi/.ssh/id_rsa
cp /tmp/raspbian_os_sys/home/pi/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /tmp/raspbian_os_sys/home/pi/.ssh/authorized_keys
chown -R 1000:1000                              /tmp/raspbian_os_sys/home/pi/.ssh/

cat               << EOF >>                     /tmp/raspbian_os_sys/etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
PasswordAuthentication no
PubkeyAuthentication yes
EOF
sudo umount                                     /tmp/raspbian_os_sys/

Ethernet to WiFi

  • Dismiss Pi as a STA Station 
    mv /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf.bak
reboot
  • AP 
    sudo apt install -y hostapd 
sudo tee /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf << EOF > /dev/null  
interface=wlan0
hw_mode=g
ieee80211n=1
channel=1
wmm_enabled=1
auth_algs=1
wpa=2
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
ssid=myAP
wpa_passphrase=myPassword
EOF
sudo systemctl disable hostapd
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
sudo systemctl start hostapd
  • DHCP 
    sudo ip addr add 192.168.3.3/24 dev wlan0 
cat << EOF >> /etc/dhcpcd.conf # This is config file for dhcp client 
interface wlan0
static ip_address=192.168.3.3/24 
EOF

sudo apt install -y isc-dhcp-server
sudo tee /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf << EOF > /dev/null  
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

subnet 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.3.100 192.168.3.200;
  option routers 192.168.3.3;
  option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4; 
}
EOF

sudo tee /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server << EOF > /dev/null # specify the interfaces   dhcpd should listen to.
INTERFACESv4="wlan0"
EOF

sed -i "14a sleep 30" /etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server # Delay the start of service isc-dhcp-server 

sudo systemctl disable isc-dhcp-server.service
sudo systemctl restart isc-dhcp-server.service
dhcp-lease-list
  • SNAT 
    sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/forward123.conf << EOF > /dev/null
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.3.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
  • Cron 
    (crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo "@reboot sleep 60 && sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.3.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE") | crontab -

WiFi to Ethernet

  • DHCP 
    sudo su
nmcli con add type ethernet con-name connectionName123 ifname eth0 ip4 192.168.3.3/24 # gw4 192.168.3.1
nmcli conn down "connectionName123" && nmcli c up "connectionName123"

sudo apt install -y isc-dhcp-server
sudo tee /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf << EOF > /dev/null  
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

subnet 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
  range 192.168.3.100 192.168.3.200;
  option routers 192.168.3.3;
  option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4; 
}
EOF

sudo tee /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server << EOF > /dev/null # specify the interfaces that dhcpd should listen to.
INTERFACESv4="eth0"
EOF

sudo sed -i "14a sleep 30" /etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server # Delay the start of service isc-dhcp-server 

sudo reboot
dhcp-lease-list
  • SNAT 
    sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/forward123.conf << EOF > /dev/null
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.3.0/24 -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE
  • Cron 
    (crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo "@reboot sleep 60 && sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.3.0/24 -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE") | crontab -

Touchable 3.5in LCD

https://github.com/goodtft/LCD-show
cd LCD-show
sudo ./LCD35-show
sudo ./rotate.sh 90

Screen Keyboard

sudo apt install -y matchbox-keyboard
sudo reboot
DISPLAY=:0 matchbox-keyboard &

nmcli

cat << EOF > /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/connectionName123.nmconnection
[connection]
id=connectionName123 
type=ethernet
interface-name=eth0

[ethernet]

[ipv4]
address1=192.168.3.3/24
method=manual

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=default
method=auto

[proxy]
EOF