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CONTRIBUTING.md

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Contributing

Code of Conduct

This project and everyone participating in it is governed by a Code of Conduct. By participating, you are expected to uphold this code. Please report unacceptable behavior to quack@duckdb.org.

Did you find a bug?

  • Ensure the bug was not already reported by searching on GitHub under Issues.
  • If you're unable to find an open issue addressing the problem, open a new one. Be sure to include a title and clear description, as much relevant information as possible, and a code sample or an executable test case demonstrating the expected behavior that is not occurring.

Did you write a patch that fixes a bug?

  • Great!
  • If possible, add a unit test case to make sure the issue does not occur again.
  • Make sure you run the code formatter (make format-fix).
  • Open a new GitHub pull request with the patch.
  • Ensure the PR description clearly describes the problem and solution. Include the relevant issue number if applicable.

Outside Contributors

  • Discuss your intended changes with the core team on Github
  • Announce that you are working or want to work on a specific issue
  • Avoid large pull requests - they are much less likely to be merged as they are incredibly hard to review

Pull Requests

  • Do not commit/push directly to the main branch. Instead, create a fork and file a pull request.
  • When maintaining a branch, merge frequently with the main.
  • When maintaining a branch, submit pull requests to the main frequently.
  • If you are working on a bigger issue try to split it up into several smaller issues.
  • Please do not open "Draft" pull requests. Rather, use issues or discussion topics to discuss whatever needs discussing.
  • We reserve full and final discretion over whether or not we will merge a pull request. Adhering to these guidelines is not a complete guarantee that your pull request will be merged.

CI for pull requests

  • Pull requests will need to pass all continuous integration checks before merging.
  • For faster iteration and more control, consider running CI on your own fork or when possible directly locally.
  • Submitting changes to an open pull request will move it to 'draft' state.
  • Pull requests will get a complete run on the main repo CI only when marked as 'ready for review' (via Web UI, button on bottom right).

Nightly CI

Building

  • To build the project, run make.
  • To build the project for debugging, run make debug.
  • For parallel builds, you can use the Ninja build system: GEN=ninja make.
    • The default number of parallel processes can lock up the system depending on the CPU-to-memory ratio. If this happens, restrict the maximum number of build processes: CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL=4 GEN=ninja make.
    • Without using Ninja, build times can still be reduced by setting CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL=$(nproc).

Testing

  • Unit tests can be written either using the sqllogictest framework (.test files) or in C++ directly. We strongly prefer tests to be written using the sqllogictest framework. Only write tests in C++ if you absolutely need to (e.g. when testing concurrent connections or other exotic behavior).
  • Documentation for the testing framework can be found here.
  • Write many tests.
  • Test with different types, especially numerics, strings and complex nested types.
  • Try to test unexpected/incorrect usage as well, instead of only the happy path.
  • make unit runs the fast unit tests (~one minute), make allunit runs all unit tests (~one hour).
  • Make sure all unit tests pass before sending a PR.
  • Slower tests should be added to the all unit tests. You can do this by naming the test file .test_slow in the sqllogictests, or by adding [.] after the test group in the C++ tests.
  • Look at the code coverage report of your branch and attempt to cover all code paths in the fast unit tests. Attempt to trigger exceptions as well. It is acceptable to have some exceptions not triggered (e.g. out of memory exceptions or type switch exceptions), but large branches of code should always be either covered or removed.
  • DuckDB uses GitHub Actions as its continuous integration (CI) tool. You also have the option to run GitHub Actions on your forked repository. For detailed instructions, you can refer to the GitHub documentation. Before running GitHub Actions, please ensure that you have all the Git tags from the duckdb/duckdb repository. To accomplish this, execute the following commands git fetch <your-duckdb/duckdb-repo-remote-name> --tags and then git push --tags These commands will fetch all the git tags from the duckdb/duckdb repository and push them to your forked repository. This ensures that you have all the necessary tags available for your GitHub Actions workflow.

Formatting

  • Use tabs for indentation, spaces for alignment.
  • Lines should not exceed 120 columns.
  • To make sure the formatting is consistent, please use version 11.0.1, installable through python3 -m pip install clang-format==11.0.1 or pipx install clang-format==11.0.1.
  • clang_format and black enforce these rules automatically, use make format-fix to run the formatter.
  • The project also comes with an .editorconfig file that corresponds to these rules.

C++ Guidelines

  • Do not use malloc, prefer the use of smart pointers. Keywords new and delete are a code smell.
  • Strongly prefer the use of unique_ptr over shared_ptr, only use shared_ptr if you absolutely have to.
  • Use const whenever possible.
  • Do not import namespaces (e.g. using std).
  • All functions in source files in the core (src directory) should be part of the duckdb namespace.
  • When overriding a virtual method, avoid repeating virtual and always use override or final.
  • Use [u]int(8|16|32|64)_t instead of int, long, uint etc. Use idx_t instead of size_t for offsets/indices/counts of any kind.
  • Prefer using references over pointers as arguments.
  • Use const references for arguments of non-trivial objects (e.g. std::vector, ...).
  • Use C++11 for loops when possible: for (const auto& item : items) {...}
  • Use braces for indenting if statements and loops. Avoid single-line if statements and loops, especially nested ones.
  • Class Layout: Start out with a public block containing the constructor and public variables, followed by a public block containing public methods of the class. After that follow any private functions and private variables. For example: 
    class MyClass {
public:
	MyClass();

	int my_public_variable;

public:
	void MyFunction();

private:
	void MyPrivateFunction();

private:
	int my_private_variable;
};
  • Avoid unnamed magic numbers. Instead, use named variables that are stored in a constexpr.
  • Return early. Avoid deep nested branches.
  • Do not include commented out code blocks in pull requests.

Error Handling

  • Use exceptions only when an error is encountered that terminates a query (e.g. parser error, table not found). Exceptions should only be used for exceptional situations. For regular errors that do not break the execution flow (e.g. errors you expect might occur) use a return value instead.
  • Try to add test cases that trigger exceptions. If an exception cannot be easily triggered using a test case then it should probably be an assertion. This is not always true (e.g. out of memory errors are exceptions, but are very hard to trigger).
  • Use D_ASSERT to assert. Use assert only when failing the assert means a programmer error. Assert should never be triggered by user input. Avoid code like D_ASSERT(a > b + 3); without comments or context.
  • Assert liberally, but make it clear with comments next to the assert what went wrong when the assert is triggered.

Naming Conventions

  • Choose descriptive names. Avoid single-letter variable names.
  • Files: lowercase separated by underscores, e.g., abstract_operator.cpp
  • Types (classes, structs, enums, typedefs, using): CamelCase starting with uppercase letter, e.g., BaseColumn
  • Variables: lowercase separated by underscores, e.g., chunk_size
  • Functions: CamelCase starting with uppercase letter, e.g., GetChunk
  • Avoid i, j, etc. in nested loops. Prefer to use e.g. column_idx, check_idx. In a non-nested loop it is permissible to use i as iterator index.
  • These rules are partially enforced by clang-tidy.