diff --git a/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml b/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..325ae0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/pre-commit.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Generated from:
+# https://github.com/zopefoundation/meta/tree/master/config/c-code
+name: pre-commit
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches:
+    - master
+  # Allow to run this workflow manually from the Actions tab
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+env:
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
+jobs:
+  pre-commit:
+    name: linting
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: 3.x
+    - uses: pre-commit/action@v3.0.1
+      with:
+        extra_args: --all-files --show-diff-on-failure
+      env:
+        PRE_COMMIT_COLOR: always
+    - uses: pre-commit-ci/lite-action@v1.0.2
+      if: always()
+      with:
+        msg: Apply pre-commit code formatting
diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 5a9a697..9d8968a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 # Original comment follows.
 ###
 ###
-# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests and lint with a variety of Python versions
+# This workflow will install Python dependencies, run tests with a variety of Python versions
 # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/using-python-with-github-actions
 ###
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ jobs:
   # other people to test/debug), the strategy is to divide the process
   # into several different jobs. The first builds and saves the binary
   # wheels. It has dependent jobs that download and install the wheel
-  # to run tests, build docs, and perform linting. Building the
+  # to run tests, and build docs. Building the
   # manylinux wheels is an independent set of jobs.
   #
   # This division is time-saving for projects that take awhile to
@@ -156,14 +156,13 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.python-version == '3.13'
         run: |
           pip install -U pip
-          pip install -U "setuptools<69" wheel twine
-          # Remove this hack once 'cffi' has a release supporting Python 3.13.
-          pip install -e "git+https://github.com/python-cffi/cffi.git#egg=cffi"
+          pip install -U --pre cffi
+          pip install -U "setuptools<74" wheel twine
       - name: Install Build Dependencies
         if: matrix.python-version != '3.13'
         run: |
           pip install -U pip
-          pip install -U "setuptools<69" wheel twine
+          pip install -U "setuptools<74" wheel twine
           pip install cffi
 
       - name: Build zope.index (macOS x86_64)
@@ -327,12 +326,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           name: zope.index-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}.whl
           path: dist/
-      - name: Install zope.index 3.13 ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Install zope.index ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         if: matrix.python-version == '3.13'
         run: |
-          pip install -U wheel "setuptools<69"
-          # Remove this hack once 'cffi' has a release supporting Python 3.13.
-          pip install -e "git+https://github.com/python-cffi/cffi.git#egg=cffi"
+          pip install -U --pre cffi
+          pip install -U wheel "setuptools<74"
           # coverage might have a wheel on PyPI for a future python version which is
           # not ABI compatible with the current one, so build it from sdist:
           pip install -U --no-binary :all: coverage
@@ -342,18 +340,18 @@ jobs:
           unzip -n dist/zope.index-*whl -d src
           # Use "--pre" here because dependencies with support for this future
           # Python release may only be available as pre-releases
-          pip install --pre -U -e .[test]
+          pip install --pre -e .[test]
       - name: Install zope.index
         if: matrix.python-version != '3.13'
         run: |
-          pip install -U wheel "setuptools<69"
+          pip install -U wheel "setuptools<74"
           pip install -U coverage
           pip install -U 'cffi; platform_python_implementation == "CPython"'
           # Unzip into src/ so that testrunner can find the .so files
           # when we ask it to load tests from that directory. This
           # might also save some build time?
           unzip -n dist/zope.index-*whl -d src
-          pip install -U -e .[test]
+          pip install -e .[test]
       - name: Run tests with C extensions
         if: ${{ !startsWith(matrix.python-version, 'pypy') }}
         run: |
@@ -389,7 +387,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9"]
+        python-version: ["3.11"]
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
 
     steps:
@@ -453,80 +451,13 @@ jobs:
           sphinx-build -b html -d docs/_build/doctrees docs docs/_build/html
           sphinx-build -b doctest -d docs/_build/doctrees docs docs/_build/doctest
 
-  lint:
-    needs: build-package
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9"]
-        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-
-    steps:
-      - name: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          allow-prereleases: true
-      ###
-      # Caching.
-      # This actually *restores* a cache and schedules a cleanup action
-      # to save the cache. So it must come before the thing we want to use
-      # the cache.
-      ###
-      - name: Get pip cache dir (default)
-        id: pip-cache-default
-        if: ${{ !startsWith(runner.os, 'Windows') }}
-        run: |
-          echo "dir=$(pip cache dir)" >>$GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: Get pip cache dir (Windows)
-        id: pip-cache-windows
-        if: ${{ startsWith(runner.os, 'Windows') }}
-        run: |
-          echo "dir=$(pip cache dir)" >> $Env:GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
-      - name: pip cache (default)
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        if: ${{ !startsWith(runner.os, 'Windows') }}
-        with:
-          path: ${{ steps.pip-cache-default.outputs.dir }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip-${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-pip-
-
-      - name: pip cache (Windows)
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        if: ${{ startsWith(runner.os, 'Windows') }}
-        with:
-          path: ${{ steps.pip-cache-windows.outputs.dir }}
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip-${{ matrix.python-version }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-pip-
-
-      - name: Download zope.index wheel
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: zope.index-${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}.whl
-          path: dist/
-      - name: Install zope.index
-        run: |
-          pip install -U pip
-          pip install -U wheel
-          pip install -U `ls dist/zope.index-*`[test]
-      - name: Lint
-        run: |
-          pip install -U tox
-          tox -e lint
-
   manylinux:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name
     # We use a regular Python matrix entry to share as much code as possible.
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9"]
+        python-version: ["3.11"]
         image: [manylinux2014_x86_64, manylinux2014_i686, manylinux2014_aarch64]
 
     steps:
@@ -607,6 +538,8 @@ jobs:
           name: manylinux_${{ matrix.image }}_wheels.zip
       - name: Restore pip cache permissions
         run: sudo chown -R $(whoami) ${{ steps.pip-cache-default.outputs.dir }}
+      - name: Prevent publishing wheels for unreleased Python versions
+        run: VER=$(echo '3.13' | tr -d .) && ls -al wheelhouse && sudo rm -f wheelhouse/*-cp${VER}*.whl && ls -al wheelhouse
       - name: Publish package to PyPI
         uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         if: >
diff --git a/.meta.toml b/.meta.toml
index 62edb81..3321989 100644
--- a/.meta.toml
+++ b/.meta.toml
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 # https://github.com/zopefoundation/meta/tree/master/config/c-code
 [meta]
 template = "c-code"
-commit-id = "8d837c89"
+commit-id = "a1e05e74"
 
 [python]
-with-appveyor = false
 with-windows = true
 with-pypy = true
 with-docs = true
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5d6386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Generated from:
+# https://github.com/zopefoundation/meta/tree/master/config/c-code
+minimum_pre_commit_version: '3.6'
+repos:
+  - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/isort
+    rev: "5.13.2"
+    hooks:
+    - id: isort
+  - repo: https://github.com/hhatto/autopep8
+    rev: "v2.3.1"
+    hooks:
+    - id: autopep8
+      args: [--in-place, --aggressive, --aggressive]
+  - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
+    rev: v3.17.0
+    hooks:
+    - id: pyupgrade
+      args: [--py38-plus]
+  - repo: https://github.com/isidentical/teyit
+    rev: 0.4.3
+    hooks:
+    - id: teyit
+  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
+    rev: "7.1.1"
+    hooks:
+    - id: flake8
+      additional_dependencies:
+        - flake8-debugger == 4.1.2
diff --git a/MANIFEST.in b/MANIFEST.in
index 33bad7b..5fdd82f 100644
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ include *.rst
 include *.txt
 include buildout.cfg
 include tox.ini
+include .pre-commit-config.yaml
 include .coveragerc
 
 recursive-include docs *.py
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index a113056..16fdd66 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 #
 # zope.index documentation build configuration file, created by
 # sphinx-quickstart on Thu Jan 29 11:31:12 2015.
@@ -13,21 +12,24 @@
 # All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
 # serve to show the default.
 
-import sys
 import os
+import sys
+
 import pkg_resources
+
+
 sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('../src'))
 rqmt = pkg_resources.require('zope.index')[0]
 
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-#sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
 
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
 
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
 source_suffix = '.rst'
 
 # The encoding of source files.
-#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
+# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 
 # The master toctree document.
 master_doc = 'index'
@@ -67,13 +69,13 @@
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
-#language = None
+# language = None
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:
-#today = ''
+# today = ''
 # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
-#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
+# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
@@ -81,27 +83,27 @@
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
-#default_role = None
+# default_role = None
 
 # If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
-#add_function_parentheses = True
+# add_function_parentheses = True
 
 # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
 # unit titles (such as .. function::).
-#add_module_names = True
+# add_module_names = True
 
 # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
 # output. They are ignored by default.
-#show_authors = False
+# show_authors = False
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
 pygments_style = 'sphinx'
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
-#modindex_common_prefix = []
+# modindex_common_prefix = []
 
 # If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
-#keep_warnings = False
+# keep_warnings = False
 
 
 # -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
@@ -113,77 +115,77 @@
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
 # documentation.
-#html_theme_options = {}
+# html_theme_options = {}
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
-#html_theme_path = []
+# html_theme_path = []
 
 # The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
 # "<project> v<release> documentation".
-#html_title = None
+# html_title = None
 
 # A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
-#html_short_title = None
+# html_short_title = None
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
 # of the sidebar.
-#html_logo = None
+# html_logo = None
 
 # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
 # docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
-#html_favicon = None
+# html_favicon = None
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-#html_static_path = ['_static']
+# html_static_path = ['_static']
 
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
 # directly to the root of the documentation.
-#html_extra_path = []
+# html_extra_path = []
 
 # If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
 # using the given strftime format.
-#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
+# html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
 
 # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
 # typographically correct entities.
-#html_use_smartypants = True
+# html_use_smartypants = True
 
 # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
-#html_sidebars = {}
+# html_sidebars = {}
 
 # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
 # template names.
-#html_additional_pages = {}
+# html_additional_pages = {}
 
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-#html_domain_indices = True
+# html_domain_indices = True
 
 # If false, no index is generated.
-#html_use_index = True
+# html_use_index = True
 
 # If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
-#html_split_index = False
+# html_split_index = False
 
 # If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
-#html_show_sourcelink = True
+# html_show_sourcelink = True
 
 # If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#html_show_sphinx = True
+# html_show_sphinx = True
 
 # If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#html_show_copyright = True
+# html_show_copyright = True
 
 # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
 # contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
 # base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
-#html_use_opensearch = ''
+# html_use_opensearch = ''
 
 # This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
-#html_file_suffix = None
+# html_file_suffix = None
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
 htmlhelp_basename = 'zopeindexdoc'
@@ -192,43 +194,43 @@
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
 
 latex_elements = {
-# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
 
-# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-#'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
 
-# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-#'preamble': '',
+    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+    # 'preamble': '',
 }
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-  ('index', 'zopeindex.tex', 'zope.index Documentation',
-   'Zope Foundation and Contributors', 'manual'),
+    ('index', 'zopeindex.tex', 'zope.index Documentation',
+     'Zope Foundation and Contributors', 'manual'),
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
 # the title page.
-#latex_logo = None
+# latex_logo = None
 
 # For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
 # not chapters.
-#latex_use_parts = False
+# latex_use_parts = False
 
 # If true, show page references after internal links.
-#latex_show_pagerefs = False
+# latex_show_pagerefs = False
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#latex_show_urls = False
+# latex_show_urls = False
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#latex_appendices = []
+# latex_appendices = []
 
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-#latex_domain_indices = True
+# latex_domain_indices = True
 
 
 # -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
@@ -241,7 +243,7 @@
 ]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#man_show_urls = False
+# man_show_urls = False
 
 
 # -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
@@ -250,22 +252,26 @@
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-  ('index', 'zopeindex', 'zope.index Documentation',
-   'Zope Foundation and Contributors', 'zopeindex', 'One line description of project.',
-   'Miscellaneous'),
+    ('index',
+     'zopeindex',
+     'zope.index Documentation',
+     'Zope Foundation and Contributors',
+     'zopeindex',
+     'One line description of project.',
+     'Miscellaneous'),
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#texinfo_appendices = []
+# texinfo_appendices = []
 
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-#texinfo_domain_indices = True
+# texinfo_domain_indices = True
 
 # How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
-#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
+# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
 
 # If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
-#texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
+# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
 
 
 # Example configuration for intersphinx: refer to the Python standard library.
diff --git a/src/zope/index/field/tests.py b/src/zope/index/field/tests.py
index 100d2c6..a890ab7 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/field/tests.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/field/tests.py
@@ -83,22 +83,22 @@ def test_instance_conforms_to_IStatistics(self):
     def test_ctor_defaults(self):
         import BTrees
         index = self._makeOne()
-        self.assertTrue(index.family is BTrees.family32)
+        self.assertIs(index.family, BTrees.family32)
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 0)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 0)
 
     def test_ctor_explicit_family(self):
         import BTrees
         index = self._makeOne(BTrees.family64)
-        self.assertTrue(index.family is BTrees.family64)
+        self.assertIs(index.family, BTrees.family64)
 
     def test_index_doc_new(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
         index.index_doc(1, 'value')
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 1)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 1)
-        self.assertTrue(1 in index._rev_index)
-        self.assertTrue('value' in index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertIn(1, index._rev_index)
+        self.assertIn('value', index._fwd_index)
 
     def test_index_doc_existing_same_value(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ def test_index_doc_existing_same_value(self):
         index.index_doc(1, 'value')
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 1)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 1)
-        self.assertTrue(1 in index._rev_index)
-        self.assertTrue('value' in index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertIn(1, index._rev_index)
+        self.assertIn('value', index._fwd_index)
         self.assertEqual(list(index._fwd_index['value']), [1])
 
     def test_index_doc_existing_new_value(self):
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ def test_index_doc_existing_new_value(self):
         index.index_doc(1, 'new_value')
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 1)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 1)
-        self.assertTrue(1 in index._rev_index)
-        self.assertFalse('value' in index._fwd_index)
-        self.assertTrue('new_value' in index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertIn(1, index._rev_index)
+        self.assertNotIn('value', index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertIn('new_value', index._fwd_index)
         self.assertEqual(list(index._fwd_index['new_value']), [1])
 
     def test_unindex_doc_nonesuch(self):
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ def test_unindex_doc_no_residual_fwd_values(self):
         index.unindex_doc(1)  # doesn't raise
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 0)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 0)
-        self.assertFalse(1 in index._rev_index)
-        self.assertFalse('value' in index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertNotIn(1, index._rev_index)
+        self.assertNotIn('value', index._fwd_index)
 
     def test_unindex_doc_w_residual_fwd_values(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ def test_unindex_doc_w_residual_fwd_values(self):
         index.unindex_doc(1)  # doesn't raise
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 1)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 1)
-        self.assertFalse(1 in index._rev_index)
-        self.assertTrue(2 in index._rev_index)
-        self.assertTrue('value' in index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertNotIn(1, index._rev_index)
+        self.assertIn(2, index._rev_index)
+        self.assertIn('value', index._fwd_index)
         self.assertEqual(list(index._fwd_index['value']), [2])
 
     def test_apply_non_tuple_raises(self):
diff --git a/src/zope/index/keyword/tests.py b/src/zope/index/keyword/tests.py
index e06d247..cace934 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/keyword/tests.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/keyword/tests.py
@@ -335,12 +335,12 @@ def test_instance_conforms_to_IKeywordQuerying(self):
 
     def test_ctor_defaults(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
-        self.assertTrue(index.family is self._get_family())
+        self.assertIs(index.family, self._get_family())
 
     def test_ctor_explicit_family(self):
         import BTrees
         index = self._makeOne(family=BTrees.family64)
-        self.assertTrue(index.family is BTrees.family64)
+        self.assertIs(index.family, BTrees.family64)
 
     def test_empty_index(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -358,8 +358,8 @@ def test_index_doc_single(self):
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 1)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 2)
         self.assertTrue(index.has_doc(1))
-        self.assertTrue('albatross' in index._fwd_index)
-        self.assertTrue('cormorant' in index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertIn('albatross', index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertIn('cormorant', index._fwd_index)
 
     def test_index_doc_existing(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -368,9 +368,9 @@ def test_index_doc_existing(self):
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 1)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 2)
         self.assertTrue(index.has_doc(1))
-        self.assertFalse('albatross' in index._fwd_index)
-        self.assertTrue('buzzard' in index._fwd_index)
-        self.assertTrue('cormorant' in index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertNotIn('albatross', index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertIn('buzzard', index._fwd_index)
+        self.assertIn('cormorant', index._fwd_index)
 
     def test_index_doc_many(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
diff --git a/src/zope/index/text/parsetree.py b/src/zope/index/text/parsetree.py
index 6e17b7e..c4fa0b2 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/text/parsetree.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/text/parsetree.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def getValue(self):
         return self._value
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "{}({!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.getValue())
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.getValue()!r})"
 
     def terms(self):
         t = []
diff --git a/src/zope/index/text/queryparser.py b/src/zope/index/text/queryparser.py
index b068cc0..66370fd 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/text/queryparser.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/text/queryparser.py
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ def parseQueryEx(self, query):
     def _require(self, tokentype):
         if not self._check(tokentype):
             t = self._tokens[self._index]
-            msg = "Token {!r} required, {!r} found".format(tokentype, t)
+            msg = f"Token {tokentype!r} required, {t!r} found"
             raise parsetree.ParseError(msg)
 
     def _check(self, tokentype):
diff --git a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_baseindex.py b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_baseindex.py
index 942602e..5cc47d7 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_baseindex.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_baseindex.py
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def test_clear_doesnt_lose_family(self):
         import BTrees
         index = self._makeOne(family=BTrees.family64)
         index.clear()
-        self.assertTrue(index.family is BTrees.family64)
+        self.assertIs(index.family, BTrees.family64)
 
     def test_wordCount_method_raises_NotImplementedError(self):
         class DerviedDoesntSet_wordCount(self._getTargetClass()):
@@ -124,18 +124,18 @@ def _faux_get_frequencies(wids):
 
         self.assertEqual(count, 3)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 3)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], index._wordinfo)
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 1)
         self.assertTrue(index.has_doc(1))
-        self.assertTrue(1 in index._docwords)
-        self.assertTrue(1 in index._docweight)
+        self.assertIn(1, index._docwords)
+        self.assertIn(1, index._docweight)
         wids = index.get_words(1)
         self.assertEqual(len(wids), 3)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], wids)
 
     def test_index_doc_existing_docid(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -150,16 +150,16 @@ def _faux_get_frequencies(wids):
 
         self.assertEqual(count, 3)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 3)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['four'] in index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['four'], index._wordinfo)
         wids = index.get_words(1)
         self.assertEqual(len(wids), 3)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['four'] in wids)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['four'], wids)
 
     def test_index_doc_upgrades_wordCount_documentCount(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -198,14 +198,14 @@ def _dont_go_here(*args, **kw):
 
         self.assertEqual(count, 3)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 3)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], index._wordinfo)
         wids = index.get_words(1)
         self.assertEqual(len(wids), 3)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], wids)
 
     def test__reindex_doc_disjoint(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -220,20 +220,20 @@ def _faux_get_frequencies(wids):
 
         self.assertEqual(count, 3)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 3)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['four'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['five'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['six'] in index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['four'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['five'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['six'], index._wordinfo)
         wids = index.get_words(1)
         self.assertEqual(len(wids), 3)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in wids)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in wids)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['four'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['five'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['six'] in wids)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], wids)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], wids)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['four'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['five'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['six'], wids)
 
     def test__reindex_doc_subset(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -248,14 +248,14 @@ def _faux_get_frequencies(wids):
 
         self.assertEqual(count, 2)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 2)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], index._wordinfo)
         wids = index.get_words(1)
         self.assertEqual(len(wids), 2)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in wids)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], wids)
 
     def test__reindex_doc_superset(self):  # TODO
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -270,20 +270,20 @@ def _faux_get_frequencies(wids):
 
         self.assertEqual(count, 6)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 6)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['four'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['five'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['six'] in index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['four'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['five'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['six'], index._wordinfo)
         wids = index.get_words(1)
         self.assertEqual(len(wids), 6)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['four'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['five'] in wids)
-        self.assertTrue(index._lexicon._wids['six'] in wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['four'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['five'], wids)
+        self.assertIn(index._lexicon._wids['six'], wids)
 
     def test__get_frequencies_raises_NotImplementedError(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -299,13 +299,13 @@ def _faux_get_frequencies(wids):
         index.index_doc(1, 'one two three')
         index.unindex_doc(1)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 0)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], index._wordinfo)
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 0)
         self.assertFalse(index.has_doc(1))
-        self.assertFalse(1 in index._docwords)
-        self.assertFalse(1 in index._docweight)
+        self.assertNotIn(1, index._docwords)
+        self.assertNotIn(1, index._docweight)
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, index.get_words, 1)
 
     def test_unindex_doc_upgrades_wordCount_documentCount(self):
@@ -321,13 +321,13 @@ def _faux_get_frequencies(wids):
         del index.documentCount
         index.unindex_doc(1)
         self.assertEqual(index.wordCount(), 0)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['one'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['two'] in index._wordinfo)
-        self.assertFalse(index._lexicon._wids['three'] in index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['one'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['two'], index._wordinfo)
+        self.assertNotIn(index._lexicon._wids['three'], index._wordinfo)
         self.assertEqual(index.documentCount(), 0)
         self.assertFalse(index.has_doc(1))
-        self.assertFalse(1 in index._docwords)
-        self.assertFalse(1 in index._docweight)
+        self.assertNotIn(1, index._docwords)
+        self.assertNotIn(1, index._docweight)
         self.assertRaises(KeyError, index.get_words, 1)
 
     def test_search_w_empty_term(self):
@@ -454,10 +454,12 @@ def test__add_wordinfo_promotes_dict_to_tree_at_DICT_CUTOFF(self):
         index.DICT_CUTOFF = 2
         index._add_wordinfo(123, 4, 1)
         index._add_wordinfo(123, 5, 2)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(index._wordinfo[123], dict))
+        self.assertIsInstance(index._wordinfo[123], dict)
         index._add_wordinfo(123, 6, 3)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(index._wordinfo[123],
-                                   index.family.IF.BTree))
+        self.assertIsInstance(
+            index._wordinfo[123],
+            index.family.IF.BTree
+        )
         self.assertEqual(dict(index._wordinfo[123]), {1: 4, 2: 5, 3: 6})
 
     def test__mass_add_wordinfo_promotes_dict_to_tree_at_DICT_CUTOFF(self):
@@ -466,8 +468,10 @@ def test__mass_add_wordinfo_promotes_dict_to_tree_at_DICT_CUTOFF(self):
         index._add_wordinfo(123, 4, 1)
         index._add_wordinfo(123, 5, 2)
         index._mass_add_wordinfo({123: 6, 124: 1}, 3)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(index._wordinfo[123],
-                                   index.family.IF.BTree))
+        self.assertIsInstance(
+            index._wordinfo[123],
+            index.family.IF.BTree
+        )
         self.assertEqual(dict(index._wordinfo[123]), {1: 4, 2: 5, 3: 6})
 
     def test__del_wordinfo_no_residual_docscore(self):
diff --git a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_cosineindex.py b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_cosineindex.py
index d9ad51e..b6e7b2c 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_cosineindex.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_cosineindex.py
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ def test__search_wids_non_empty_wids(self):
         relevances = index._search_wids(wids)
         self.assertEqual(len(relevances), len(wids))
         for relevance in relevances:
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(relevance[0], index.family.IF.Bucket))
+            self.assertIsInstance(relevance[0], index.family.IF.Bucket)
             self.assertEqual(len(relevance[0]), 1)
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(relevance[0][1], float))
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(relevance[1], float))
+            self.assertIsInstance(relevance[0][1], float)
+            self.assertIsInstance(relevance[1], float)
 
     def test_query_weight_empty_wids(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
diff --git a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_index.py b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_index.py
index aaa0c90..7ae2b79 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_index.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_index.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def _check_index_has_document(self, index, docid, word_count=5):
                          index.wordCount())
         for map in index._wordinfo.values():
             self.assertEqual(len(map), 1)
-            self.assertTrue(docid in map)
+            self.assertIn(docid, map)
 
     def _check_index_is_empty(self, index):
         self.assertEqual(len(index._docweight), 0)
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ def test_index_two_documents(self):
         for wid, map in index._wordinfo.items():
             if wid == document_wid:
                 self.assertEqual(len(map), 2)
-                self.assertTrue(1 in map)
-                self.assertTrue(2 in map)
+                self.assertIn(1, map)
+                self.assertIn(2, map)
             else:
                 self.assertEqual(len(map), 1)
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def test_index_two_unindex_one(self):
                          index.wordCount())
         for map in index._wordinfo.values():
             self.assertEqual(len(map), 1)
-            self.assertTrue(2 in map)
+            self.assertIn(2, map)
 
     def test_index_duplicated_words(self):
         doc = "very simple repeat repeat repeat document test"
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ def test_index_duplicated_words(self):
 
         for _wid, map in index._wordinfo.items():
             self.assertEqual(len(map), 1)
-            self.assertTrue(1 in map)
+            self.assertIn(1, map)
 
     def test_simple_query_oneresult(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
diff --git a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_lexicon.py b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_lexicon.py
index 1c46d04..9d7eb66 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_lexicon.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_lexicon.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def test_wordCount_legacy_instance_no_write_on_read(self):
         del lexicon.wordCount
         self.assertEqual(lexicon.wordCount(), 0)
         # No write-on-read!
-        self.assertFalse(isinstance(lexicon.wordCount, Length))
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(lexicon.wordCount, Length)
 
     def test_sourceToWordIds_empty_string(self):
         lexicon = self._makeOne()
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def test_sourceToWordIds_promotes_wordCount_attr(self):
         wids = lexicon.sourceToWordIds('cats and dogs')
         self.assertEqual(wids, [1, 2, 3])
         self.assertEqual(lexicon.wordCount(), 3)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(lexicon.wordCount, Length))
+        self.assertIsInstance(lexicon.wordCount, Length)
 
     def test_termToWordIds_hit(self):
         lexicon = self._makeOne()
diff --git a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_okapiindex.py b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_okapiindex.py
index 02e5319..75cc3e6 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_okapiindex.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_okapiindex.py
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ def test__search_wids_non_empty_wids(self):
         relevances = index._search_wids(wids)
         self.assertEqual(len(relevances), len(wids))
         for relevance in relevances:
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(relevance[0], index.family.IF.Bucket))
+            self.assertIsInstance(relevance[0], index.family.IF.Bucket)
             self.assertEqual(len(relevance[0]), 1)
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(relevance[0][1], float))
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(relevance[1], int))
+            self.assertIsInstance(relevance[0][1], float)
+            self.assertIsInstance(relevance[1], int)
 
     def test_okapiindex__OkapiIndex___search_wids__2(self):
         """Search also succeeds if there are more than DICT_CUTOFF entries."""
@@ -134,10 +134,10 @@ def test_okapiindex__OkapiIndex___search_wids__2(self):
         relevances = index._search_wids(wids)
         self.assertEqual(len(relevances), len(wids))
         for relevance in relevances:
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(relevance[0], index.family.IF.Bucket))
+            self.assertIsInstance(relevance[0], index.family.IF.Bucket)
             self.assertEqual(len(relevance[0]), 11)
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(relevance[0][1], float))
-            self.assertTrue(isinstance(relevance[1], int))
+            self.assertIsInstance(relevance[0][1], float)
+            self.assertIsInstance(relevance[1], int)
 
     def test__search_wids_old_totaldoclen_no_write_on_read(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
diff --git a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_textindex.py b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_textindex.py
index 11eb12d..0bf0834 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_textindex.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/text/tests/test_textindex.py
@@ -80,37 +80,37 @@ def test_ctor_defaults(self):
         from zope.index.text.lexicon import Splitter
         from zope.index.text.lexicon import StopWordRemover
         from zope.index.text.okapiindex import OkapiIndex
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(index.index, OkapiIndex))
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(index.lexicon, Lexicon))
-        self.assertTrue(index.index._lexicon is index.lexicon)
+        self.assertIsInstance(index.index, OkapiIndex)
+        self.assertIsInstance(index.lexicon, Lexicon)
+        self.assertIs(index.index._lexicon, index.lexicon)
         pipeline = index.lexicon._pipeline
         self.assertEqual(len(pipeline), 3)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(pipeline[0], Splitter))
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(pipeline[1], CaseNormalizer))
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(pipeline[2], StopWordRemover))
+        self.assertIsInstance(pipeline[0], Splitter)
+        self.assertIsInstance(pipeline[1], CaseNormalizer)
+        self.assertIsInstance(pipeline[2], StopWordRemover)
 
     def test_ctor_explicit_lexicon(self):
         from zope.index.text.okapiindex import OkapiIndex
         lexicon = object()
         index = self._makeOne(lexicon)
-        self.assertTrue(index.lexicon is lexicon)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(index.index, OkapiIndex))
-        self.assertTrue(index.index._lexicon is lexicon)
+        self.assertIs(index.lexicon, lexicon)
+        self.assertIsInstance(index.index, OkapiIndex)
+        self.assertIs(index.index._lexicon, lexicon)
 
     def test_ctor_explicit_index(self):
         lexicon = object()
         okapi = DummyOkapi(lexicon)
         index = self._makeOne(index=okapi)
-        self.assertTrue(index.index is okapi)
+        self.assertIs(index.index, okapi)
         # See LP #232516
-        self.assertTrue(index.lexicon is lexicon)
+        self.assertIs(index.lexicon, lexicon)
 
     def test_ctor_explicit_lexicon_and_index(self):
         lexicon = object()
         okapi = object()
         index = self._makeOne(lexicon, okapi)
-        self.assertTrue(index.lexicon is lexicon)
-        self.assertTrue(index.index is okapi)
+        self.assertIs(index.lexicon, lexicon)
+        self.assertIs(index.index, okapi)
 
     def test_index_doc(self):
         lexicon = object()
diff --git a/src/zope/index/topic/filter.py b/src/zope/index/topic/filter.py
index d08728b..dbaa98d 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/topic/filter.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/topic/filter.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def getIds(self):
         return self._ids
 
     def __repr__(self):  # pragma: no cover
-        return '{}: ({}) {}'.format(self.id, self.expr, list(self._ids))
+        return f'{self.id}: ({self.expr}) {list(self._ids)}'
 
     __str__ = __repr__
 
diff --git a/src/zope/index/topic/tests/test_filter.py b/src/zope/index/topic/tests/test_filter.py
index 29af70d..b7da2e9 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/topic/tests/test_filter.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/topic/tests/test_filter.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def test_instance_conforms_to_ITopicFilteredSet(self):
     def test_ctor_defaults(self):
         import BTrees
         filter = self._makeOne(family=None)
-        self.assertTrue(filter.family is BTrees.family32)
+        self.assertIs(filter.family, BTrees.family32)
         self.assertEqual(filter.getId(), 'test')
         self.assertEqual(filter.getExpression(), 'True')
         self.assertEqual(len(filter.getIds()), 0)
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def test_ctor_defaults(self):
     def test_ctor_explicit_family(self):
         import BTrees
         filter = self._makeOne(family=BTrees.family64)
-        self.assertTrue(filter.family is BTrees.family64)
+        self.assertIs(filter.family, BTrees.family64)
 
     def test_index_doc_raises_NotImplementedError(self):
         filter = self._makeOne()
diff --git a/src/zope/index/topic/tests/test_index.py b/src/zope/index/topic/tests/test_index.py
index 7fb054b..d18d185 100644
--- a/src/zope/index/topic/tests/test_index.py
+++ b/src/zope/index/topic/tests/test_index.py
@@ -103,12 +103,12 @@ def test_instance_conforms_to_ITopicQuerying(self):
     def test_ctor_defaults(self):
         import BTrees
         index = self._makeOne(family=None)
-        self.assertTrue(index.family is BTrees.family32)
+        self.assertIs(index.family, BTrees.family32)
 
     def test_ctor_explicit_family(self):
         import BTrees
         index = self._makeOne(family=BTrees.family64)
-        self.assertTrue(index.family is BTrees.family64)
+        self.assertIs(index.family, BTrees.family64)
 
     def test_clear_erases_filters(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def test_addFilter(self):
         foo = DummyFilter('foo')
         index.addFilter(foo)
         self.assertEqual(list(index._filters), ['foo'])
-        self.assertTrue(index._filters['foo'] is foo)
+        self.assertIs(index._filters['foo'], foo)
 
     def test_addFilter_duplicate_replaces(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def test_addFilter_duplicate_replaces(self):
         foo2 = DummyFilter('foo')
         index.addFilter(foo2)
         self.assertEqual(list(index._filters), ['foo'])
-        self.assertTrue(index._filters['foo'] is foo2)
+        self.assertIs(index._filters['foo'], foo2)
 
     def test_delFilter_nonesuch_raises_KeyError(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def test_delFilter(self):
         index.addFilter(bar)
         index.delFilter('foo')
         self.assertEqual(list(index._filters), ['bar'])
-        self.assertTrue(index._filters['bar'] is bar)
+        self.assertIs(index._filters['bar'], bar)
 
     def test_clearFilters_empty(self):
         index = self._makeOne()
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 5bf7bf4..25099cd 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ envlist =
     coverage
 
 [testenv]
-usedevelop = true
 pip_pre = py313: true
 deps =
-    setuptools < 69
+    setuptools < 74
     py37: urllib3 < 2
     Sphinx
 setenv =
@@ -47,6 +46,7 @@ commands =
     coverage run -m zope.testrunner --test-path=src {posargs:-vc}
     coverage html -i
     coverage report -i -m --fail-under=99
+
 [testenv:release-check]
 description = ensure that the distribution is ready to release
 basepython = python3
@@ -65,23 +65,14 @@ commands =
     twine check dist/*
 
 [testenv:lint]
+description = This env runs all linters configured in .pre-commit-config.yaml
 basepython = python3
 skip_install = true
 deps =
-    isort
-    flake8
-commands =
-    isort --check-only --diff {toxinidir}/src {toxinidir}/setup.py
-    flake8 src setup.py
-
-[testenv:isort-apply]
-basepython = python3
-skip_install = true
+    pre-commit
 commands_pre =
-deps =
-    isort
 commands =
-    isort {toxinidir}/src {toxinidir}/setup.py []
+    pre-commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure
 
 [testenv:docs]
 basepython = python3