Introduce base class for predicates

[martintmk]

The issue or feature being addressed

#1067

Details on the issue fix or feature implementation

Contributes to #1093

Usage:

Derive from the base class:

public sealed class ShouldRetryPredicate : Predicate<ShouldRetryArguments, ShouldRetryPredicate>
{
}

And call the methods on ShouldRetryPredicate:

predicate
   .AddException<InvalidOperationException>()
   .AddResult(1))
   .AddResult(result => IsValid(result));

Confirm the following

• I started this PR by branching from the head of the default branch
• I have targeted the PR to merge into the default branch
• I have included unit tests for the issue/feature
• I have successfully run a local build

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #1094 (97bcd22) into main (2f84eab) will increase coverage by 0.69%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

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@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1094      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   75.04%   75.73%   +0.69%     
==========================================
  Files         173      178       +5     
  Lines        4243     4365     +122     
  Branches      790      808      +18     
==========================================
+ Hits         3184     3306     +122     
  Misses        854      854              
  Partials      205      205              

Flag	Coverage Δ
linux	75.73% <100.00%> (+0.69%)	⬆️
macos	75.73% <100.00%> (?)
windows	75.73% <100.00%> (+0.69%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/Polly.Core/Retry/RetryStrategyOptions.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/Polly.Core/Retry/ShouldRetryArguments.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/Polly.Core/Strategy/Outcome.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...rc/Polly.Core/Strategy/OutcomePredicate.Handler.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/Polly.Core/Strategy/OutcomePredicate.cs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

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