refactor!: Separate Signature from FuncValueType by parametrizing Typ…

…e(/Row)/etc. (#1138)

* Type now means a single type, not a row variable; TypeRV can be a
single type *or* a row variable. (Type --Into--> TypeRV).
* These are actually parameterizations: `TypeBase<NoRV>` (NoRV is a type
with no instances) vs `TypeBase<RowVariable>` (RowVariable is a struct
i.e. index + bound)
* Similarly for the other type structures - all names have changed
uniformly except FunctionType:

| No Row Vars | With Row Vars | Generic |
| ----- | ----- | ----- |
| Type | TypeRV | `TypeBase<RV>` |
| TypeRow | TypeRowRV | `TypeRowBase<RV>` |
| Signature | FuncValueType | `FuncTypeBase<RV>` |
| PolyFuncType | PolyFuncTypeRV | `PolyFuncTypeBase<RV>` |

* This allows us to make static guarantees (and remove dynamic checks):
    * node signatures do not have row variables as inputs or outputs
* Neither do FuncDefn type schemes, even though they may quantify over
row variables
* "port"-indexing methods are specific to Signature (not FuncValueType)
- this justifies the exceptional naming

Planning to rename PolyFuncType to (Op/Fn)TypeScheme in a followup PR
(lots of fields want renaming too, whereas many FunctionType things are
*already* called `signature`!)

**One question** is that currently `Type` and `TypeRV` are aliases for
instantiations of `TypeBase`. An alternative is to parameterize
`Type<RV: MaybeRV = NoRV>` and define as alias only `type TypeRV =
Type<RowVariable>` (no `TypeBase`). A type annotation e.g. `x: Type`
then uses the default, but a call like `Type::new_function` then tries
to infer a unique possible parameter. This would slightly worsen
Hugr-building code (some code like `let x = Type::new_function` have to
become either `let x = Type::<NoRV>::new_function` or `let x: Type =
Type::new_function` - sadly the *default* for RV is ignored for
members/namespacing but not when forming a type, see
rust-lang/rust#98931). OTOH some OpDef code
would be a bit easier (needs fewer explicit `RV` suffices). In general I
think we favour making Hugr-building code as easy as possible over OpDef
code, but there is always the question of, *how much* easier etc...see
commit bc565ba which removed defaults
for Type (with an earlier parametrization by bool true/false rather than
by RowVariable/NoRV). (And actually that commit understates the
simplification - there were a bunch more `let x:Type`s required for the
default method that can be removed for the always-explicit method, I
took these out in 23db41d, so maybe we
should stick with always-explicit.)

* [ ] TODO python classes need names updating to match, etc. 

BREAKING CHANGE: (1) In OpDefs, Type/TypeRow/FunctionType/PolyFuncType
will generally need replacing by
TypeRV/TypeRowRV/FuncValueType/PolyFuncTypeRV. (2) FuncValueType omits
the various numbered-"port" accessors, you really shouldn't be doing
that except on a Signature.... (4)
SignatureError::RowVarWhereTypeExpected now contains a RowVariable
struct (including bound) rather than only the index

hugr-cli/tests/cli.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use hugr_core::{
     builder::{Container, Dataflow, DataflowHugr},
     extension::prelude::{BOOL_T, QB_T},
     type_row,
-    types::FunctionType,
+    types::Signature,
     Hugr,
 };
 use predicates::{prelude::*, str::contains};
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ fn cmd() -> Command {
 
 #[fixture]
 fn test_hugr() -> Hugr {
-    let df = DFGBuilder::new(FunctionType::new_endo(type_row![BOOL_T])).unwrap();
+    let df = DFGBuilder::new(Signature::new_endo(type_row![BOOL_T])).unwrap();
     let [i] = df.input_wires_arr();
     df.finish_prelude_hugr_with_outputs([i]).unwrap()
 }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ fn test_mermaid(test_hugr_file: NamedTempFile, mut cmd: Command) {
 
 #[rstest]
 fn test_bad_hugr(mut cmd: Command) {
-    let df = DFGBuilder::new(FunctionType::new_endo(type_row![QB_T])).unwrap();
+    let df = DFGBuilder::new(Signature::new_endo(type_row![QB_T])).unwrap();
     let bad_hugr = df.hugr().clone();
 
     let bad_hugr_string = serde_json::to_string(&bad_hugr).unwrap();

hugr-core/src/builder.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 //! # use hugr::builder::{BuildError, BuildHandle, Container, DFGBuilder, Dataflow, DataflowHugr, ModuleBuilder, DataflowSubContainer, HugrBuilder};
 //! use hugr::extension::prelude::BOOL_T;
 //! use hugr::std_extensions::logic::{EXTENSION_ID, LOGIC_REG, NotOp};
-//! use hugr::types::FunctionType;
+//! use hugr::types::Signature;
 //!
 //! # fn doctest() -> Result<(), BuildError> {
 //! let hugr = {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 //!     let _dfg_handle = {
 //!         let mut dfg = module_builder.define_function(
 //!             "main",
-//!             FunctionType::new_endo(BOOL_T).with_extension_delta(EXTENSION_ID),
+//!             Signature::new_endo(BOOL_T).with_extension_delta(EXTENSION_ID),
 //!         )?;
 //!
 //!         // Get the wires from the function inputs.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 //!     let _circuit_handle = {
 //!         let mut dfg = module_builder.define_function(
 //!             "circuit",
-//!             FunctionType::new_endo(vec![BOOL_T, BOOL_T])
+//!             Signature::new_endo(vec![BOOL_T, BOOL_T])
 //!                 .with_extension_delta(EXTENSION_ID),
 //!         )?;
 //!         let mut circuit = dfg.as_circuit(dfg.input_wires());
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ use crate::hugr::ValidationError;
 use crate::ops::handle::{BasicBlockID, CfgID, ConditionalID, DfgID, FuncID, TailLoopID};
 use crate::ops::{NamedOp, OpType};
 use crate::types::Type;
-use crate::types::{ConstTypeError, FunctionType, TypeRow};
+use crate::types::{ConstTypeError, Signature, TypeRow};
 use crate::{Node, Port, Wire};
 
 pub mod handle;
@@ -124,14 +124,14 @@ pub use circuit::{CircuitBuildError, CircuitBuilder};
 
 /// Return a FunctionType with the same input and output types (specified)
 /// whose extension delta, when used in a non-FuncDefn container, will be inferred.
-pub fn endo_ft(types: impl Into<TypeRow>) -> FunctionType {
-    FunctionType::new_endo(types).with_extension_delta(TO_BE_INFERRED)
+pub fn endo_sig(types: impl Into<TypeRow>) -> Signature {
+    Signature::new_endo(types).with_extension_delta(TO_BE_INFERRED)
 }
 
 /// Return a FunctionType with the specified input and output types
 /// whose extension delta, when used in a non-FuncDefn container, will be inferred.
-pub fn inout_ft(inputs: impl Into<TypeRow>, outputs: impl Into<TypeRow>) -> FunctionType {
-    FunctionType::new(inputs, outputs).with_extension_delta(TO_BE_INFERRED)
+pub fn inout_sig(inputs: impl Into<TypeRow>, outputs: impl Into<TypeRow>) -> Signature {
+    Signature::new(inputs, outputs).with_extension_delta(TO_BE_INFERRED)
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Error)]
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
     use crate::hugr::{views::HugrView, HugrMut};
     use crate::ops;
     use crate::std_extensions::arithmetic::float_ops::FLOAT_OPS_REGISTRY;
-    use crate::types::{FunctionType, PolyFuncType, Type};
+    use crate::types::{PolyFuncType, Signature, Type};
     use crate::{type_row, Hugr};
 
     use super::handle::BuildHandle;
@@ -272,24 +272,23 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
 
     #[fixture]
     pub(crate) fn simple_dfg_hugr() -> Hugr {
-        let dfg_builder =
-            DFGBuilder::new(FunctionType::new(type_row![BIT], type_row![BIT])).unwrap();
+        let dfg_builder = DFGBuilder::new(Signature::new(type_row![BIT], type_row![BIT])).unwrap();
         let [i1] = dfg_builder.input_wires_arr();
         dfg_builder.finish_prelude_hugr_with_outputs([i1]).unwrap()
     }
 
     #[fixture]
     pub(crate) fn simple_cfg_hugr() -> Hugr {
         let mut cfg_builder =
-            CFGBuilder::new(FunctionType::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT])).unwrap();
+            CFGBuilder::new(Signature::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT])).unwrap();
         super::cfg::test::build_basic_cfg(&mut cfg_builder).unwrap();
         cfg_builder.finish_prelude_hugr().unwrap()
     }
 
     /// A helper method which creates a DFG rooted hugr with Input and Output node
     /// only (no wires), given a function type with extension delta.
     // TODO consider taking two type rows and using TO_BE_INFERRED
-    pub(crate) fn closed_dfg_root_hugr(signature: FunctionType) -> Hugr {
+    pub(crate) fn closed_dfg_root_hugr(signature: Signature) -> Hugr {
         let mut hugr = Hugr::new(ops::DFG {
             signature: signature.clone(),
         });

hugr-core/src/builder/build_traits.rs

@@ -18,10 +18,8 @@ use crate::{
     types::EdgeKind,
 };
 
-use crate::extension::{
-    ExtensionRegistry, ExtensionSet, SignatureError, PRELUDE_REGISTRY, TO_BE_INFERRED,
-};
-use crate::types::{FunctionType, PolyFuncType, Type, TypeArg, TypeRow};
+use crate::extension::{ExtensionRegistry, ExtensionSet, PRELUDE_REGISTRY, TO_BE_INFERRED};
+use crate::types::{PolyFuncType, Signature, Type, TypeArg, TypeRow};
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
 
@@ -276,7 +274,7 @@ pub trait Dataflow: Container {
     // TODO: Should this be one function, or should there be a temporary "op" one like with the others?
     fn dfg_builder(
         &mut self,
-        signature: FunctionType,
+        signature: Signature,
         input_wires: impl IntoIterator<Item = Wire>,
     ) -> Result<DFGBuilder<&mut Hugr>, BuildError> {
         let op = ops::DFG {
@@ -297,7 +295,7 @@ pub trait Dataflow: Container {
     ) -> Result<DFGBuilder<&mut Hugr>, BuildError> {
         let (types, input_wires): (Vec<Type>, Vec<Wire>) = inputs.into_iter().unzip();
         self.dfg_builder(
-            FunctionType::new_endo(types).with_extension_delta(TO_BE_INFERRED),
+            Signature::new_endo(types).with_extension_delta(TO_BE_INFERRED),
             input_wires,
         )
     }
@@ -325,7 +323,7 @@ pub trait Dataflow: Container {
         let (cfg_node, _) = add_node_with_wires(
             self,
             ops::CFG {
-                signature: FunctionType::new(inputs.clone(), output_types.clone())
+                signature: Signature::new(inputs.clone(), output_types.clone())
                     .with_extension_delta(extension_delta),
             },
             input_wires,
@@ -658,14 +656,6 @@ fn add_node_with_wires<T: Dataflow + ?Sized>(
     inputs: impl IntoIterator<Item = Wire>,
 ) -> Result<(Node, usize), BuildError> {
     let op = nodetype.into();
-    // Check there are no row variables, as that would prevent us
-    // from indexing into the node's ports in order to wire up
-    op.dataflow_signature()
-        .as_ref()
-        .and_then(FunctionType::find_rowvar)
-        .map_or(Ok(()), |(idx, _)| {
-            Err(SignatureError::RowVarWhereTypeExpected { idx })
-        })?;
     let num_outputs = op.value_output_count();
     let op_node = data_builder.add_child_node(op.clone());
 

hugr-core/src/builder/cfg.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use crate::{
     extension::{ExtensionRegistry, ExtensionSet},
-    types::FunctionType,
+    types::Signature,
 };
 use crate::{hugr::views::HugrView, types::TypeRow};
 
@@ -46,17 +46,17 @@ use crate::{hugr::HugrMut, type_row, Hugr};
 ///            +------------+
 /// */
 /// use hugr::{
-///     builder::{BuildError, CFGBuilder, Container, Dataflow, HugrBuilder, endo_ft, inout_ft},
+///     builder::{BuildError, CFGBuilder, Container, Dataflow, HugrBuilder, endo_sig, inout_sig},
 ///     extension::{prelude, ExtensionSet},
 ///     ops, type_row,
-///     types::{FunctionType, SumType, Type},
+///     types::{Signature, SumType, Type},
 ///     Hugr,
 /// };
 ///
 /// const NAT: Type = prelude::USIZE_T;
 ///
 /// fn make_cfg() -> Result<Hugr, BuildError> {
-///     let mut cfg_builder = CFGBuilder::new(FunctionType::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
+///     let mut cfg_builder = CFGBuilder::new(Signature::new_endo(NAT))?;
 ///
 ///     // Outputs from basic blocks must be packed in a sum which corresponds to
 ///     // which successor to pick. We'll either choose the first branch and pass
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ use crate::{hugr::HugrMut, type_row, Hugr};
 ///     // `NAT` arguments: one from the `sum_variants` type, and another from the
 ///     // entry node's `other_outputs`.
 ///     let mut successor_builder = cfg_builder.simple_block_builder(
-///         inout_ft(type_row![NAT, NAT], NAT),
+///         inout_sig(type_row![NAT, NAT], NAT),
 ///         1, // only one successor to this block
 ///     )?;
 ///     let successor_a = {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ use crate::{hugr::HugrMut, type_row, Hugr};
 ///     };
 ///
 ///     // The only argument to this block is the entry node's `other_outputs`.
-///     let mut successor_builder = cfg_builder.simple_block_builder(endo_ft(NAT), 1)?;
+///     let mut successor_builder = cfg_builder.simple_block_builder(endo_sig(NAT), 1)?;
 ///     let successor_b = {
 ///         let sum_unary = successor_builder.add_load_value(ops::Value::unary_unit_sum());
 ///         let [in_wire] = successor_builder.input_wires_arr();
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl<H: AsMut<Hugr> + AsRef<Hugr>> SubContainer for CFGBuilder<H> {
 
 impl CFGBuilder<Hugr> {
     /// New CFG rooted HUGR builder
-    pub fn new(signature: FunctionType) -> Result<Self, BuildError> {
+    pub fn new(signature: Signature) -> Result<Self, BuildError> {
         let cfg_op = ops::CFG {
             signature: signature.clone(),
         };
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ impl<B: AsMut<Hugr> + AsRef<Hugr>> CFGBuilder<B> {
     /// This function will return an error if there is an error adding the node.
     pub fn simple_block_builder(
         &mut self,
-        signature: FunctionType,
+        signature: Signature,
         n_cases: usize,
     ) -> Result<BlockBuilder<&mut Hugr>, BuildError> {
         self.block_builder_exts(
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
         let build_result = {
             let mut module_builder = ModuleBuilder::new();
             let mut func_builder = module_builder
-                .define_function("main", FunctionType::new(vec![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
+                .define_function("main", Signature::new(vec![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
             let _f_id = {
                 let [int] = func_builder.input_wires_arr();
 
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
     }
     #[test]
     fn basic_cfg_hugr() -> Result<(), BuildError> {
-        let mut cfg_builder = CFGBuilder::new(FunctionType::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
+        let mut cfg_builder = CFGBuilder::new(Signature::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
         build_basic_cfg(&mut cfg_builder)?;
         assert_matches!(cfg_builder.finish_prelude_hugr(), Ok(_));
 
@@ -511,8 +511,8 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
             let sum = entry_b.make_sum(1, sum2_variants, [inw])?;
             entry_b.finish_with_outputs(sum, [])?
         };
-        let mut middle_b = cfg_builder
-            .simple_block_builder(FunctionType::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]), 1)?;
+        let mut middle_b =
+            cfg_builder.simple_block_builder(Signature::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]), 1)?;
         let middle = {
             let c = middle_b.add_load_const(ops::Value::unary_unit_sum());
             let [inw] = middle_b.input_wires_arr();
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
     }
     #[test]
     fn test_dom_edge() -> Result<(), BuildError> {
-        let mut cfg_builder = CFGBuilder::new(FunctionType::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
+        let mut cfg_builder = CFGBuilder::new(Signature::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
         let sum_tuple_const = cfg_builder.add_constant(ops::Value::unary_unit_sum());
         let sum_variants = vec![type_row![]];
 
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
             entry_b.finish_with_outputs(sum, [])?
         };
         let mut middle_b =
-            cfg_builder.simple_block_builder(FunctionType::new(type_row![], type_row![NAT]), 1)?;
+            cfg_builder.simple_block_builder(Signature::new(type_row![], type_row![NAT]), 1)?;
         let middle = {
             let c = middle_b.load_const(&sum_tuple_const);
             middle_b.finish_with_outputs(c, [inw])?
@@ -557,11 +557,11 @@ pub(crate) mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_non_dom_edge() -> Result<(), BuildError> {
-        let mut cfg_builder = CFGBuilder::new(FunctionType::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
+        let mut cfg_builder = CFGBuilder::new(Signature::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
         let sum_tuple_const = cfg_builder.add_constant(ops::Value::unary_unit_sum());
         let sum_variants = vec![type_row![]];
-        let mut middle_b = cfg_builder
-            .simple_block_builder(FunctionType::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]), 1)?;
+        let mut middle_b =
+            cfg_builder.simple_block_builder(Signature::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]), 1)?;
         let [inw] = middle_b.input_wires_arr();
         let middle = {
             let c = middle_b.load_const(&sum_tuple_const);

hugr-core/src/builder/circuit.rs

@@ -254,13 +254,13 @@ mod test {
         extension::prelude::BOOL_T,
         ops::{custom::OpaqueOp, CustomOp},
         type_row,
-        types::FunctionType,
+        types::Signature,
     };
 
     #[test]
     fn simple_linear() {
         let build_res = build_main(
-            FunctionType::new(type_row![QB, QB], type_row![QB, QB])
+            Signature::new(type_row![QB, QB], type_row![QB, QB])
                 .with_extension_delta(test_quantum_extension::EXTENSION_ID)
                 .with_extension_delta(float_types::EXTENSION_ID)
                 .into(),
@@ -300,10 +300,10 @@ mod test {
             "MyOp",
             "unknown op".to_string(),
             vec![],
-            FunctionType::new(vec![QB, NAT], vec![QB]),
+            Signature::new(vec![QB, NAT], vec![QB]),
         ));
         let build_res = build_main(
-            FunctionType::new(type_row![QB, QB, NAT], type_row![QB, QB, BOOL_T])
+            Signature::new(type_row![QB, QB, NAT], type_row![QB, QB, BOOL_T])
                 .with_extension_delta(test_quantum_extension::EXTENSION_ID)
                 .into(),
             |mut f_build| {
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn ancillae() {
         let build_res = build_main(
-            FunctionType::new_endo(QB)
+            Signature::new_endo(QB)
                 .with_extension_delta(test_quantum_extension::EXTENSION_ID)
                 .into(),
             |mut f_build| {
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn circuit_builder_errors() {
         let _build_res = build_main(
-            FunctionType::new_endo(type_row![QB, QB]).into(),
+            Signature::new_endo(type_row![QB, QB]).into(),
             |mut f_build| {
                 let mut circ = f_build.as_circuit(f_build.input_wires());
                 let [q0, q1] = circ.tracked_units_arr();

hugr-core/src/builder/conditional.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::extension::ExtensionRegistry;
 use crate::hugr::views::HugrView;
 use crate::ops::dataflow::DataflowOpTrait;
-use crate::types::{FunctionType, TypeRow};
+use crate::types::{Signature, TypeRow};
 
 use crate::ops;
 use crate::ops::handle::CaseID;
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl<B: AsMut<Hugr> + AsRef<Hugr>> ConditionalBuilder<B> {
 
         let outputs = cond.outputs;
         let case_op = ops::Case {
-            signature: FunctionType::new(inputs.clone(), outputs.clone())
+            signature: Signature::new(inputs.clone(), outputs.clone())
                 .with_extension_delta(extension_delta.clone()),
         };
         let case_node =
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl<B: AsMut<Hugr> + AsRef<Hugr>> ConditionalBuilder<B> {
         let dfg_builder = DFGBuilder::create_with_io(
             self.hugr_mut(),
             case_node,
-            FunctionType::new(inputs, outputs).with_extension_delta(extension_delta),
+            Signature::new(inputs, outputs).with_extension_delta(extension_delta),
         )?;
 
         Ok(CaseBuilder::from_dfg_builder(dfg_builder))
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ impl ConditionalBuilder<Hugr> {
 
 impl CaseBuilder<Hugr> {
     /// Initialize a Case rooted HUGR
-    pub fn new(signature: FunctionType) -> Result<Self, BuildError> {
+    pub fn new(signature: Signature) -> Result<Self, BuildError> {
         let op = ops::Case {
             signature: signature.clone(),
         };
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ mod test {
         let build_result: Result<Hugr, BuildError> = {
             let mut module_builder = ModuleBuilder::new();
             let mut fbuild = module_builder
-                .define_function("main", FunctionType::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
+                .define_function("main", Signature::new(type_row![NAT], type_row![NAT]))?;
             let tru_const = fbuild.add_constant(Value::true_val());
             let _fdef = {
                 let const_wire = fbuild.load_const(&tru_const);