internal/typeparams: add a generic form of types.AssignableTo

For some use-cases, it is helpful to compute predicates between
uninstantiated generic types.

This CL implements one such predicate for types.AssignableTo, a helper
GenericAssignableTo which reports if, for generic types V and T with the
same number of type parameters, all instantiations V[A_1, ..., A_N] are
assignable to the corresponding instantiation T[A_1, ..., A_N].

For #50887
For #50447

Change-Id: I7a0550fba05666bb2375d478d5390a123e09f556
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/tools/+/383094
Trust: Robert Findley <rfindley@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Robert Findley <rfindley@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
gopls-CI: kokoro <noreply+kokoro@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>

common.go

@@ -109,3 +109,72 @@ func OriginMethod(fn *types.Func) *types.Func {
 	gfn, _, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(orig, true, fn.Pkg(), fn.Name())
 	return gfn.(*types.Func)
 }
+
+// GenericAssignableTo is a generalization of types.AssignableTo that
+// implements the following rule for uninstantiated generic types:
+//
+// If V and T are generic named types, then V is considered assignable to T if,
+// for every possible instantation of V[A_1, ..., A_N], the instantiation
+// T[A_1, ..., A_N] is valid and V[A_1, ..., A_N] implements T[A_1, ..., A_N].
+//
+// If T has structural constraints, they must be satisfied by V.
+//
+// For example, consider the following type declarations:
+//
+//  type Interface[T any] interface {
+//  	Accept(T)
+//  }
+//
+//  type Container[T any] struct {
+//  	Element T
+//  }
+//
+//  func (c Container[T]) Accept(t T) { c.Element = t }
+//
+// In this case, GenericAssignableTo reports that instantiations of Container
+// are assignable to the corresponding instantiation of Interface.
+func GenericAssignableTo(ctxt *Context, V, T types.Type) bool {
+	// If V and T are not both named, or do not have matching non-empty type
+	// parameter lists, fall back on types.AssignableTo.
+
+	VN, Vnamed := V.(*types.Named)
+	TN, Tnamed := T.(*types.Named)
+	if !Vnamed || !Tnamed {
+		return types.AssignableTo(V, T)
+	}
+
+	vtparams := ForNamed(VN)
+	ttparams := ForNamed(TN)
+	if vtparams.Len() == 0 || vtparams.Len() != ttparams.Len() || NamedTypeArgs(VN).Len() != 0 || NamedTypeArgs(TN).Len() != 0 {
+		return types.AssignableTo(V, T)
+	}
+
+	// V and T have the same (non-zero) number of type params. Instantiate both
+	// with the type parameters of V. This must always succeed for V, and will
+	// succeed for T if and only if the type set of each type parameter of V is a
+	// subset of the type set of the corresponding type parameter of T, meaning
+	// that every instantiation of V corresponds to a valid instantiation of T.
+
+	// Minor optimization: ensure we share a context across the two
+	// instantiations below.
+	if ctxt == nil {
+		ctxt = NewContext()
+	}
+
+	var targs []types.Type
+	for i := 0; i < vtparams.Len(); i++ {
+		targs = append(targs, vtparams.At(i))
+	}
+
+	vinst, err := Instantiate(ctxt, V, targs, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic("type parameters should satisfy their own constraints")
+	}
+
+	tinst, err := Instantiate(ctxt, T, targs, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return types.AssignableTo(vinst, tinst)
+}

common_test.go

@@ -157,3 +157,76 @@ func TestOriginMethodUses(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestGenericAssignableTo(t *testing.T) {
+	testenv.NeedsGo1Point(t, 18)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		src  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		// The inciting issue: golang/go#50887.
+		{`
+			type T[P any] interface {
+			        Accept(P)
+			}
+
+			type V[Q any] struct {
+			        Element Q
+			}
+
+			func (c V[Q]) Accept(q Q) { c.Element = q }
+			`, true},
+
+		// Various permutations on constraints and signatures.
+		{`type T[P ~int] interface{ A(P) }; type V[Q int] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q) {}`, true},
+		{`type T[P int] interface{ A(P) }; type V[Q ~int] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q) {}`, false},
+		{`type T[P int|string] interface{ A(P) }; type V[Q int] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q) {}`, true},
+		{`type T[P any] interface{ A(P) }; type V[Q any] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q, Q) {}`, false},
+		{`type T[P any] interface{ int; A(P) }; type V[Q any] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q) {}`, false},
+
+		// Various structural restrictions on T.
+		{`type T[P any] interface{ ~int; A(P) }; type V[Q any] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q) {}`, true},
+		{`type T[P any] interface{ ~int|string; A(P) }; type V[Q any] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q) {}`, true},
+		{`type T[P any] interface{ int; A(P) }; type V[Q int] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q) {}`, false},
+
+		// Various recursive constraints.
+		{`type T[P ~struct{ f *P }] interface{ A(P) }; type V[Q ~struct{ f *Q }] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q) {}`, true},
+		{`type T[P ~struct{ f *P }] interface{ A(P) }; type V[Q ~struct{ g *Q }] int; func (V[Q]) A(Q) {}`, false},
+		{`type T[P ~*X, X any] interface{ A(P) X }; type V[Q ~*Y, Y any] int; func (V[Q, Y]) A(Q) (y Y) { return }`, true},
+		{`type T[P ~*X, X any] interface{ A(P) X }; type V[Q ~**Y, Y any] int; func (V[Q, Y]) A(Q) (y Y) { return }`, false},
+		{`type T[P, X any] interface{ A(P) X }; type V[Q ~*Y, Y any] int; func (V[Q, Y]) A(Q) (y Y) { return }`, true},
+		{`type T[P ~*X, X any] interface{ A(P) X }; type V[Q, Y any] int; func (V[Q, Y]) A(Q) (y Y) { return }`, false},
+		{`type T[P, X any] interface{ A(P) X }; type V[Q, Y any] int; func (V[Q, Y]) A(Q) (y Y) { return }`, true},
+
+		// In this test case, we reverse the type parameters in the signature of V.A
+		{`type T[P, X any] interface{ A(P) X }; type V[Q, Y any] int; func (V[Q, Y]) A(Y) (y Q) { return }`, false},
+		// It would be nice to return true here: V can only be instantiated with
+		// [int, int], so the identity of the type parameters should not matter.
+		{`type T[P, X any] interface{ A(P) X }; type V[Q, Y int] int; func (V[Q, Y]) A(Y) (y Q) { return }`, false},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		fset := token.NewFileSet()
+		f, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, "p.go", "package p; "+test.src, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s:\n%v", test.src, err)
+		}
+		var conf types.Config
+		pkg, err := conf.Check("p", fset, []*ast.File{f}, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s:\n%v", test.src, err)
+		}
+
+		V := pkg.Scope().Lookup("V").Type()
+		T := pkg.Scope().Lookup("T").Type()
+
+		if types.AssignableTo(V, T) {
+			t.Fatal("AssignableTo")
+		}
+
+		if got := GenericAssignableTo(nil, V, T); got != test.want {
+			t.Fatalf("%s:\nGenericAssignableTo(%v, %v) = %v, want %v", test.src, V, T, got, test.want)
+		}
+	}
+}

typeparams_go117.go

@@ -185,6 +185,11 @@ func GetInstances(info *types.Info) map[*ast.Ident]Instance { return nil }
 // this Go version.
 type Context struct{}
 
+// NewContext returns a placeholder Context instance.
+func NewContext() *Context {
+	return &Context{}
+}
+
 // Instantiate is unsupported on this Go version, and panics.
 func Instantiate(ctxt *Context, typ types.Type, targs []types.Type, validate bool) (types.Type, error) {
 	unsupported()

typeparams_go118.go

@@ -140,6 +140,11 @@ func GetInstances(info *types.Info) map[*ast.Ident]Instance {
 // Context is an alias for types.Context.
 type Context = types.Context
 
+// NewContext calls types.NewContext.
+func NewContext() *Context {
+	return types.NewContext()
+}
+
 // Instantiate calls types.Instantiate.
 func Instantiate(ctxt *Context, typ types.Type, targs []types.Type, validate bool) (types.Type, error) {
 	return types.Instantiate(ctxt, typ, targs, validate)